12or13counter完成
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英语所有前后缀一.表示否定的前缀1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
disadvantage(缺点), dishonorable(不光彩的), disagree(不同意)2.in-加在形容词,名词之前incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)4.il-加在以l开头的词前illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的), illogical(不合逻辑的)5.ir-加在以r开头的词前irregular(不规则的、不整齐的),irresistible(难以抗拒的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的), irresponsible, irrevocable6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前unfinished(未完成的),undoubted(毫无无疑的), unemployment(失业)7.non-加在形容词,名词前non-existence(不存在),non-essential(非主要的),non-electrical(非电的),non-smoker (非吸烟者), nonsense, nonaccess, non-profit organization8.mis-加在动词、名词之前misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导性的),misfortune(不幸) , misbehave, misspell, mistaken, misprint9.dis-加在动词之前disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系,断开连接)10.de-加在名词,形容词之前demobilize(遣散;使…复员),decolor (脱色, 漂白) ,decompose (分解,腐烂)11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前anti-Japanese War(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidote(解毒药), antibody, antigen, antibiotics, antidepressant12.counter-加在名词、动词前counter-attack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命),counter-clockwise(逆时针方向), counter-culture, countermeasure二.表示“before”的前缀1.pre-preconception(成见),pre-existing(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的),preface(前言,序言),prescribe (开药),predict(预言), prevent2.Ante-anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者),anticipate (预期)3.Fore-forehead(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见),foretell (预言), forearm, forefather, forecast4.Pro-programme(计划),prologue(序幕), probe, proceed, process5.Ex-ex-president(前任总统),ex-wife(前妻),ex-con (前罪犯)三.表示“后”的前缀1.post-post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午),post-mortem(验尸的,死后的),postpone (推迟,延后),postgraduate (研究生)四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀1.Hypo-Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),hypochlorite(次氯酸盐)2.Infra-Infra-red(红外线),infrastructure(基础设施),infrasonic(次声的)3.Sub-Sub-editor(副编辑),subway(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的,潜艇),sub-tropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题),suburb (郊区)五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀1.Re-Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回),repay (偿还),replace (替换,放回原位)2.Retro-Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀1.Co-co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校),co-worker (工友,同事)2. con (col,com,cor)-Connection (连接),collaborate (协作,合作),correlation (相关性,关联),conspiracy (阴谋),conference (会议),convention(会议)七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀1.Inter-Inter-changeable(可互换的),interdependent(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-personal(人际的),intercity (城际),intercontinental (洲际的),interact (互动,相互影响),Internet(互联网)八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀1.Ec-Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)2.Extra-Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的),extra-terrestrial (地球之外的,外星的)九.表示“超过”的前缀1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的), surrounding, ultrasonic十.其它的前缀1.auto-自automatic(自动的),autobiography(自传), autograph, automobile2.mal-坏,恶Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待), malicious, malignant, malice 3.Micro-Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机),microwave oven(微波炉)4.Tele-远Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜),television(电视),telemetric (遥测), telecommunications, telecast, telecontrol5.Demi-,semi-,hemi-Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独)Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服),unique (独一无二的),university (综合性大学,将各个学院合而为一),universal (统一的,一致的),unicorn (独角兽),unite (联合,合并), universe, unity, union, unisex, unit7.Bi-,di-二Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)Carbon dioxide, bipod (双足动物)8.Tri-三Triangle(三角),tripod(三角架),trinity(三位一体)9.Multi-多multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的),multi-culture(多元文化),multi-linguist(会说多种语言的人),multi-media (多媒体)10.Poly –多Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)11.Arch-首领archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师) ,archangel(大天使),monarch(君主),anarchy(混乱)12.bene-善,好benefit(利益),benevolence(善意),benediction(祝福)13.homo-同homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)14.neo新neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)15.ortho-正确,直orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)16.philo-挚爱philosopher(哲学家),philanthropy(慈善活动),Philip17.proto-原始protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)18.pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(伪共产主义),pseudoscience(伪科学),pseudo 19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制,戒绝),abstract(抽象)20.Apo-,aph-来自apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)21.se-分离separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱)22.para-防parachute(降落伞), parasol(阳伞)23.omni-所有的,公共的omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(无所不能),omniscient,omnipresent24.pan-全,泛Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒)25.panto-全pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)26.dia-通过,借以diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话)27.Per-通过,彻底,不利perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的28.trans-通过,横过transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),transparent(透明的),transport (运输),transplant(移植)29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption (贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)30.syn-共同synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的)31.meta-变化,变形metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学),metabolism(新陈代谢)32.Cis-在这一边cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)33.pen-几乎,相近peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的, 形成半岛的)34.en-,em-往……里,使……encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))encompass (包围),embody(体现),embed(嵌入)35.intro内在intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的),introvert(内向的)36.intro-到……中introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)37.dys-坏dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾)38.Eu-优,美好eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音),euphemism (婉言)39.ambi-,amphi-两者amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的)40.penta-五pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句)41.sex-六sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)42. sept-七September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)43.hepta-七heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)44.octa-,octo,oct八octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍),October (十月) ,octopus(章鱼)45.nona-,ennea-九nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组)46.deci-,deca-十decimal(十进位,小数),decagramme(十克),decade(十年)47.centi-百centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)48.milli-千millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米),millennium(千年), milligram 49.Kilo-千kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米),kilogram(千克), kilocalorie后缀1.-ster,-eer,-er(or,ar)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor, visitor, beggar, weaponeer, profiteer, supervisor2.-let意为:小\不重要\环形的东西(small,unimportant or round thing)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet ,islet, piglet,bracelet, armlet,3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship, scholarship, authorship, fellowship, hardship7.-ful意为:数量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful ,armful, roomful8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starvation 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement, entertainment, enjoyment, monument10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal, survival, denial, musical11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage, percentage, wreckage12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability, regularity, popularity, honesty, treaty, creativity13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism ,journalism,me-tooism, Marxism, Socialism, Communism, Chauvinism, sexism,二、动词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify, purify, identify, personify, signify, glorify2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten 3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate三、形容词后缀:常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful, joyful2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless, footless, penniless, jobless, aimless3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly, comradely, motherly, daily, deadly, likely, lovely4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like 5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish, bookish6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome, awesome, handsome7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped 9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive, protective, preventive四、副词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)例词:happily, boldly,attentively,strangely, quickly, honestly2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s), forwards, towards, eastwards, upwards, downwards, inwards3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as far as ...is concerned)例词:weather-wise ,education-wise, clockwise, likewise,注:有一个元音的单音节词,结尾只有一个辅音(即重读闭音节),在加元音后缀时,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner,hit + ing = hitting英语字根1,ag=do,act 做,动2,agri=field 田地,农田(agri也做agro,agr)3,ann=year年4,audi=hear听5,bell=war战争6,brev=short短7,ced,ceed,cess=go行走8,cept=take拿取9,cid,cis=cut,kill切,杀10,circ=ring环,圈11,claim,clam=cry,shout喊叫12,clar=clear清楚,明白13,clud=close,shut关闭14,cogn=known知道15,cord=heart心16,corpor=body体17,cred=believe,trust相信,信任18,cruc=cross 十字19,cur=care关心20,cur,curs,cour,cours=run跑21,dent=tooth牙齿22,di=day 日23,dict=say说24,dit=give给25,don=give给26,du=tow二27,duc,duct=lead引导28,ed=eat吃29,equ=equal等,均,平30,ev=age年龄,寿命,时代,时期31,fact=do,make做,作32,fer=bring,carry带拿33,flor=flower花34,flu=flow流35,fus=pour灌,流,倾泄36,grad=step,go,grade步,走,级37,gram=write,draw写,画,文字,图形38,graph=write,records写,画,记录器,图形39,gress=go,walk 行走40,habit=dwell居住41,hibit=hold拿,持42,hospit=guest客人43,idio=peculiar,own,private,proper特殊的,个人的,专有的44,insul=island岛45,it=go行走46,ject=throw投掷47,juven=young年轻,年少48,lectchoose,gather选,收49,lev=raise举,升50,liber=free自由51,lingu=language语言52,liter=letter文字,字母53,loc=place地方54,log=speak言,说55,loqu=speak言,说56,lun=moon月亮57,man=dwell,stay居住,停留58,manu=hand手59,mar=sea海60,medi=middle中间61,memor=memory记忆62,merg=dip,sink 沉,没63,migr=remove,move迁移64,milit=soldier兵65,mini=small,little小66,mir=wonder惊奇67,miss=send 投,送,发(miss也作mit)68,mob=move动69,mort=death死70,mot=move移动,动71,nomin=name名72,nov=new新73,numer=number 数74,onym=name 名75,oper=work工作76,ori=rise升起77,paci=peace和平,平静78,pel=push,drive推,逐,驱79,pend,pens=hang悬挂/weigh称量/pay支出,付钱,花费80,pet=seek追求81,phon=sound声音82,pict=paint画,描绘83,plen=full满,全84,plic=fold折,重叠85,pon=put放置86,popul=people人民87,port=carry拿,带,运88,pos=put放置89,preci=price价值90,punct=point,prick点,刺91,pur=pure清,纯,净92,rect=right,straight正,直93,rupt=break破94,sal=salt盐95,scend,scens=climb爬,攀96,sci=know知97,sec,sequ=follow跟随98,sect=cut切割99,sent,sens=feel感觉100,sid=sit坐101,sist=stand站立102,son=sound声音103,spect=look看104,spir=breathe呼吸105,tail=cut切割106,tain,ten,tin=hold握,持,守107,tect=cover掩盖108,tele=far远109,tempor=time时110,tend(tens,tent)=stretch伸111,terr=land,earth土地,陆地112,text=weave纺织113,tract=draw拉,抽,引114,un=one一115,urb=city城市116,vac,vacu=empty空117,vad,vas=walk,go行走118,vari=change变化119,ven=come来120,vert,vers=turn转121,vi,via=way道路122,vis,vid=see看123,vit=life生命124,viv=live活【第二部分,多认词根,多识单词】125,aer(o)空气,空中,航空126,alt高127,am爱128,ambul行走129,anim生命,活,心神,意见130,anthrop(o)人,人类131,aqu水132,arch统治者,首脑archy 统治133,avi鸟134,bat打135,biblio书136,birg战斗,打137,cad,cas降落,降临138,cert 确定,确信139,chron时140,cid降落,降临141,clin倾142,cosm(o)世界,宇宙143,cracy统治crat支持144,cub躺,卧145,cult耕,培养146,cycl(o)圈,环,轮147,dem(o)人民148,dexter右149,doc教150,dom屋,家151,dorm睡眠152,drom跑153,ego我154,err漫游,走,行155,fabl,fabul 言156,feder联盟157,ferv沸,热158,fict,fig塑造,虚构159,fid信任160,fil线161,flat 吹162,flect,flex弯曲163,flict打击164,frag,fract破,折165,frig冷166,fug逃,散167,fund,found底,基础168,gam婚姻169,gram谷物,谷粒170,grav重171,greg群,集合172,gyn,gynce(o)妇女173,hal呼吸174,helic(o)螺旋175,hes,her粘着176,ign火177,integr整,全178,junct连接,连结179,later边180,leg读181,leg,legis法182,luc光183,lumin光184,magn(i)大185,matr(i),metro母186,mega大187,mens测量188,ment心,神,智,思,意189,min伸出,突出190,misc混合,混杂191,mis(o)恨,厌恶192,mon告诫,提醒193,mon单独,一个194,mur墙195,mut变换196,nat诞生197,nav船198,nect,nex结,系199,negr,nigr黑200,nihil无201,noc,nox伤害202,noct(i)夜203,norm规范,正规,正常204,nutri营养205,orn装饰206,par生,产207,parl说,谈208,past喂,食209,path(o),pathy疾病,疗法210,patr(i)父,祖211,ped, pod,pede 脚,足212,ped儿童,小孩213,petr(o)石214,phag吃215,phil(o)爱216,phob(ia)怕217,plex重叠,重218,polis城市219,prim第一,最初220,radic根221,ras,rad擦,刮222,rid,ris笑223,rod,ros咬,啮224,rot轮,转225,rud原始,粗野226,rur,rus农村227,sat,satis,satur足,满,饱228,sen老229,simil,simul相似,相同230,sol单独231,sol太阳232,soph智慧233,sper希望234,spers,spars散,撒235,splend发光,照耀236,stell星237,tact,tag触238,the(o)神239,ton音240,tort扭241,tour迂回,转242,trud,trus推,冲243,tut,tuit监护,看管244,umbr阴影245,ut,us用246,vas走,漫游247,val强248,van空,无249,ver(i)真实250,voc,vok声音,叫喊251,vol,volunt意志,意愿252,volu,volv滚,转。
商务英语:Counteroffer商务英语:Counteroffer商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的,内容涉及到商务活动的方方面面。
今日就我和大家一起来共享商务英语:Counteroffer,盼望能帮到大家。
商务英语:CounterofferBasic Expressions1. Our counteroffer is as follows.我们还盘如下。
2. Our counteroffer is well founded.我们的还价是很合理的。
3. Your counteroffer is not up to the present market level.你的还价是不符合目前市场价格。
4. Please make us your best possible counteroffer.请给我们你们最好的还盘。
5. The price you offer is not in line with the prevailing market.你方报价与现行市场价不合。
6. Its impossible for us to entertain your counteroffer.我们不能接受你方的还价。
7. Im sorry. The difference between our price and your counteroffer is too wide.很圆满,我们的价格与你方还盘之间的差距太大。
8. This is our rock - bottom price, we cant make any further reduction.这是我方的最低价格,我们不能再让了。
9. How about meeting each other halfway?能不能相互做出让步?10. If you accept our counteroffer, well advise our users to buy from you.如您能接受我们的还盘,我们就劝用户向你方购买。
DECADE COUNTER;DIVIDE-BY-TWELVE COUNTER;4-BIT BINARY COUNTERThe SN54/74LS90, SN54/74LS92 and SN54/74LS93 are high-speed 4-bit ripple type counters partitioned into two sections. Each counter has a di-vide-by-two section and either a divide-by-five (LS90), divide-by-six (LS92) or divide-by-eight (LS93) section which are triggered by a HIGH-to-LOW transi-tion on the clock inputs. Each section can be used separately or tied together (Q to CP) to form BCD, bi-quinary, modulo-12, or modulo-16 counters. All of the counters have a 2-input gated Master Reset (Clear), and the LS90 also has a 2-input gated Master Set (Preset 9).•Low Power Consumption...Typically 45 mW•High Count Rates...Typically 42 MHz•Choice of Counting Modes...BCD, Bi-Quinary, Divide-by-Twelve, Binary•Input Clamp Diodes Limit High Speed T ermination EffectsPIN NAMES LOADING (Note a)CP0Clock (Active LOW going edge) Input to÷2 SectionCP1Clock (Active LOW going edge) Input to÷5 Section (LS90), ÷6 Section (LS92)CP1Clock (Active LOW going edge) Input to÷8 Section (LS93)MR1, MR2Master Reset (Clear) InputsMS1, MS2Master Set (Preset-9, LS90) InputsQ0Output from ÷2 Section (Notes b & c)Q1, Q2, Q3Outputs from ÷5 (LS90), ÷6 (LS92),÷8 (LS93) Sections (Note b)NOTES:a. 1 TTL Unit Load (U.L.) = 40 µA HIGH/1.6 mA LOW.b. The Output LOW drive factor is 2.5 U.L. for Military, (54) and 5 U.L. for commercial (74)Temperature Ranges.c. The Q0 Outputs are guaranteed to drive the full fan-out plus the CP1 input of the device.d. T o insure proper operation the rise (t r) and fall time (t f) of the clock must be less than 100 ns.。
一、选择题1.—Do you often use paper napkins (纸巾)?—Seldom, ________ they are cheap and easy to get.A.since B.although C.because2.Recycling is good, so don't ______ bottles or newspapers.A.find out B.hand in C.use up D.throw away 3.Please _______ the light when you leave the house. Don’t waste electricity.A.put on B.take offC.turn on D.turn off4.—Tom, did you the math test again?—No. I passed it.A.fall B.fail C.fill D.feel5.We will help to ________ the city.A.clean out B.clean upC.clean on D.cleaned out6.We should keep quiet in the library. We speak loudly.A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.needn’t7.The PLA Navy(中国人民解放军海军) has been greatly helping keep world peace,As a Chinese.I am it.A.responsible for B.proud of C.full of D.known for8.The old clothes can be reused. It's ____________ to ____________.A.waste;throw them away B.wasteful;throw them awayC.waste;throw away them D.wasteful;throw away them9.I think this car has the most ________.I will take it.A.advantages B.culture C.experience D.machines 10.When the waste things____________, we can save energy and at the same time reduce pollution.A.recycle B.were recycled C.are recycled D.have cycled 11.You should always be ________ to those who once gave you selfless help.A.helpful B.thankful C.harmful D.careful12.If their numbers ______ too low, it ______ danger to all the ocean’s ecosystem.A.drop; will bring B.drop; bring C.drops; bring D.drops; will bring 13.There is a _____________ bridge in the park.A.fine new wooden B.new fine woodenC.wooden new fine D.fine wooden new14.Which of the following is new energy?A.coal B.oil C.wind D.gas15.—I am trying to get to the bottom of why Lucy left the party without saying goodbye.—Great! I also want to know the reason.A.arrive at the bottom B.find out the bottom C.find out the truth D.leave the bottom 16.Look! ___________ people ___________?A.Does, litter B.Are, littering C.Did, litter D.Were littering 17.As we all know, a person learns many things by making mistakes and ________ them. A.correctsB.correctC.to correctD.correcting18.Some people kill wild animals for their fur. It’s so ________ to do that. We should ask them to stop.A.fantastic B.cruel C.kind D.pleasant 19.The dog is still ________ after the accident, and the treatment has ________ the owner about $500.A.alive; cost B.live; paid C.living; spent D.lively; taken 20.Which of the following shows the new transportation means that Jinan is building?A.B.C.D.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.B解析:B【详解】句意:——你经常用纸巾吗?——很少,虽然它们便宜而且容易买到。
如果输入一个没有比较运算符如果用户使用混合整型数据类型则指令用0值填充小整数数据的高位以使其与最大数据类型具有相同的大小。
执行:条件: 动作:预扫描梯级输出条件被设置为假。
梯级输入条件为假梯级输出条件被设置为假。
梯级输入条件为真指令执行按位或运算。
梯级输出条件被设置为真。
算术状态位: 影响算术状态位故障条件: 无OR指令举例:当指令被使能时,OR指令执行value_1与value_2的按位或运算,并存放结果于value_3内。
阴影部分表示发生变化的位7. 按位异或指令(XOR)XOR指令是一条输出指令。
操作数:操作数数据类型格式说明源A SINT INTDINT立即数标签与源B进行异或运算的数值。
源B SINT INTDINT立即数标签与源A进行异或运算的操作数: 数据类型: 格式: 说明:源SINT INT D INT 立即数标签执行NOT运算的值。
目的SINT INT D INT 标签存储运算结果的标签。
说明: NOT指令执行源操作数的按位非运算并存放结果于目的单元内。
如果用户使用混合整型数据类型则指令用O值填充小整数数据的高位以使其与最大数据类型具有相同的大小。
执行:条件: 动作:预扫描梯级输出条件被设置为假。
梯级输入条件为假梯级输出条件被设置为假。
梯级输入条件为真指令执行按位非运算。
梯级输出条件被设置为真。
算术状态位: 影响算术状态位故障条件: 无NOT指令举例:当指令被使能时,NOT指令执行value_1的按位非运算,并存放结果于value_result_not内。
爱立信软件补丁说明书—核心网部分MDE5805 CMCC KPI FOR GSM/TD-SCDMA MSCContents1简介 (2)2软件概述 .................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
3软件补丁功能描述 .................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
4软件装载方案 ........................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
4.1第一天(Day 1)........................................ 错误!未定义书签。
4.2第二天(Day 2)...................................... 错误!未定义书签。
5验收测试 .................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
5.1VLR 登记用户数 (2)5.2GSM 网络登记用户数 (2)5.3TD-SCDMA网络登记用户数 (3)5.42G 始发短信发送成功率 (4)5.52G 终接短信发送成功率 (5)5.63G 始发短信发送成功率 (6)5.73G 终接短信发送成功率 (7)5.83G到2G切换成功率(2)(系统间CS域切换成功率(TD-SCDMA->GSM)) (9)5.93G 始发呼叫平均建立时间(TD平均呼叫建立时间) (10)5.102G 始发呼叫平均建立时间(GSM平均呼叫建立时间) (11)5.113G 终接语音业务接通率 (12)5.12终接可视电话业务接通率 (13)5.13TD语音业务掉话率(1)/TD语音业务应答次数 (14)5.14TD语音业务掉话率(2)/ TD语音业务应答次数 (15)5.15GSM语音业务掉话率(1)/ GSM语音业务应答次数 (16)5.16GSM语音业务掉话率(2)/ GSM语音业务应答次数 (17)5.17TD视频电话业务掉话率(1)/ VP业务系统应答次数 (18)5.18TD视频电话业务掉话率(2) (19)1 简介此文档应用于爱立信设备软件入网过程中,针对中移动、省公司业务管理及维护人员工作需求,爱立信公司提供的关于软件装载的相关技术资料。
空乘人员值机流程详细步骤1.旅客到达机场后,首先需要前往航空公司值机柜台。
After arriving at the airport, passengers need to go to the airline check-in counter first.2.在值机柜台,旅客需要出示有效证件和机票。
At the check-in counter, passengers need to present valid identification and their ticket.3.空乘人员会核对旅客的证件信息,确认其登机资格。
Flight attendants will verify the passenger's identification to confirm their eligibility for boarding.4.旅客需要将行李托运,空乘人员会称重行李并打印行李标签。
Passengers need to check their luggage, and flight attendants will weigh the luggage and print baggage tags.5.空乘人员会向旅客提供登机牌和相关的登机信息。
passes and relevant boarding information.6.确认登机牌上的航班信息和座位号无误后,旅客可以前往安检口。
After confirming that the flight information and seat number on the boarding pass are correct, passengers can proceed to the security checkpoint.7.在安检口,旅客需要出示证件和登机牌,然后接受安全检查。
At the security checkpoint, passengers need to present their identification and boarding pass, and then undergo a security check.8.安检完成后,旅客可以前往登机口等待登机。
CodeWarrior for HCS12使用入门及嵌入式编程2009-04-17 20:051.商用软件开发工具“CodeWarrior for HCS12”为Motorrola(freescale)单片机提供商用开发软件的公司有许多,著名的有以下一些:Metrowerks Cosmic Software IAR Systems Isystem 这些公司不但提供C交叉编译器,还提供集成开发环境IDE。
其中Metrowerks是Motorola于1999年收购的、独立运作的子公司,CodeWarrior是Metrowerks公司研发的专门面向Motorola(freesacle)所有MCU与DSP嵌入式应用开发的软件工具,是motorola(freescale)向用户推荐的产品。
如同多数软件开发商一样,Metrowerk提供CodeWarrior有效期为30天的试用版本,还有专门提供面向教学的,免费的特别版(Special Edition )。
这个特别版本对生成的代码量有一定限制,C代码不得超过12KB,对工程包含的文件数目限制在30个以内。
虽然有些限制,但用于教学和研究生的一些简单的研究题目已经足够了。
付一定的费用也可以达到代码量32KB、64KB的升级版本,直至全商用版本。
用CodeWarrior开发产品应使用正版商业软件。
试用版、教学用特别版本都可以从Metrowerks的网站上下载,也可以向分销商申请免费的光盘。
以下简单介绍CodeWarrior的使用方法。
为的是读者快速入门,更多的功能和用法请阅读该软件包中包含的大量文档,在实践中不断熟悉和掌握。
“CODEWARRIOR FOR S12”是面向以HC12或S12 CPU的单片机嵌入式应用开发软件包。
包括集成开发环境IDE、处理器专家库、全芯片仿真、可视化参数显示工具、项目工程管理器、C交叉编译器、汇编器、链接器以及调试器。
2.安装CodeWaarior安装CodeWarrior软件包没有什么特别之处,在window操作系统上,只要按照安装向导单击鼠标就可以自动完成。
3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)Technical Specification3rd Generation Partnership Project;Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network;Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);Radio Resource Control (RRC);Protocol specification(Release 13)The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP. The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organizational Partners and shall not be implemented.This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organizational Partners accept no liability for any use of this Specification. Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organizational Partners' Publications Offices.KeywordsUMTS, radio3GPPPostal address3GPP support office address650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia AntipolisValbonne - FRANCETel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16InternetCopyright NotificationNo part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© 2016, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC).All rights reserved.UMTS™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its members3GPP™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational PartnersLTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners GSM® and the GSM logo are registered and owned by the GSM AssociationBluetooth® is a Trade Mark of the Bluetooth SIG registered for the benefit of its membersContentsForeword (18)1Scope (19)2References (19)3Definitions, symbols and abbreviations (22)3.1Definitions (22)3.2Abbreviations (24)4General (27)4.1Introduction (27)4.2Architecture (28)4.2.1UE states and state transitions including inter RAT (28)4.2.2Signalling radio bearers (29)4.3Services (30)4.3.1Services provided to upper layers (30)4.3.2Services expected from lower layers (30)4.4Functions (30)5Procedures (32)5.1General (32)5.1.1Introduction (32)5.1.2General requirements (32)5.2System information (33)5.2.1Introduction (33)5.2.1.1General (33)5.2.1.2Scheduling (34)5.2.1.2a Scheduling for NB-IoT (34)5.2.1.3System information validity and notification of changes (35)5.2.1.4Indication of ETWS notification (36)5.2.1.5Indication of CMAS notification (37)5.2.1.6Notification of EAB parameters change (37)5.2.1.7Access Barring parameters change in NB-IoT (37)5.2.2System information acquisition (38)5.2.2.1General (38)5.2.2.2Initiation (38)5.2.2.3System information required by the UE (38)5.2.2.4System information acquisition by the UE (39)5.2.2.5Essential system information missing (42)5.2.2.6Actions upon reception of the MasterInformationBlock message (42)5.2.2.7Actions upon reception of the SystemInformationBlockType1 message (42)5.2.2.8Actions upon reception of SystemInformation messages (44)5.2.2.9Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType2 (44)5.2.2.10Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType3 (45)5.2.2.11Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType4 (45)5.2.2.12Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType5 (45)5.2.2.13Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType6 (45)5.2.2.14Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType7 (45)5.2.2.15Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType8 (45)5.2.2.16Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType9 (46)5.2.2.17Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType10 (46)5.2.2.18Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType11 (46)5.2.2.19Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType12 (47)5.2.2.20Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType13 (48)5.2.2.21Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType14 (48)5.2.2.22Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType15 (48)5.2.2.23Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType16 (48)5.2.2.24Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType17 (48)5.2.2.25Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType18 (48)5.2.2.26Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType19 (49)5.2.3Acquisition of an SI message (49)5.2.3a Acquisition of an SI message by BL UE or UE in CE or a NB-IoT UE (50)5.3Connection control (50)5.3.1Introduction (50)5.3.1.1RRC connection control (50)5.3.1.2Security (52)5.3.1.2a RN security (53)5.3.1.3Connected mode mobility (53)5.3.1.4Connection control in NB-IoT (54)5.3.2Paging (55)5.3.2.1General (55)5.3.2.2Initiation (55)5.3.2.3Reception of the Paging message by the UE (55)5.3.3RRC connection establishment (56)5.3.3.1General (56)5.3.3.1a Conditions for establishing RRC Connection for sidelink communication/ discovery (58)5.3.3.2Initiation (59)5.3.3.3Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionRequest message (63)5.3.3.3a Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionResumeRequest message (64)5.3.3.4Reception of the RRCConnectionSetup by the UE (64)5.3.3.4a Reception of the RRCConnectionResume by the UE (66)5.3.3.5Cell re-selection while T300, T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 is running (68)5.3.3.6T300 expiry (68)5.3.3.7T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 expiry or stop (69)5.3.3.8Reception of the RRCConnectionReject by the UE (70)5.3.3.9Abortion of RRC connection establishment (71)5.3.3.10Handling of SSAC related parameters (71)5.3.3.11Access barring check (72)5.3.3.12EAB check (73)5.3.3.13Access barring check for ACDC (73)5.3.3.14Access Barring check for NB-IoT (74)5.3.4Initial security activation (75)5.3.4.1General (75)5.3.4.2Initiation (76)5.3.4.3Reception of the SecurityModeCommand by the UE (76)5.3.5RRC connection reconfiguration (77)5.3.5.1General (77)5.3.5.2Initiation (77)5.3.5.3Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration not including the mobilityControlInfo by theUE (77)5.3.5.4Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration including the mobilityControlInfo by the UE(handover) (79)5.3.5.5Reconfiguration failure (83)5.3.5.6T304 expiry (handover failure) (83)5.3.5.7Void (84)5.3.5.7a T307 expiry (SCG change failure) (84)5.3.5.8Radio Configuration involving full configuration option (84)5.3.6Counter check (86)5.3.6.1General (86)5.3.6.2Initiation (86)5.3.6.3Reception of the CounterCheck message by the UE (86)5.3.7RRC connection re-establishment (87)5.3.7.1General (87)5.3.7.2Initiation (87)5.3.7.3Actions following cell selection while T311 is running (88)5.3.7.4Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest message (89)5.3.7.5Reception of the RRCConnectionReestablishment by the UE (89)5.3.7.6T311 expiry (91)5.3.7.7T301 expiry or selected cell no longer suitable (91)5.3.7.8Reception of RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject by the UE (91)5.3.8RRC connection release (92)5.3.8.1General (92)5.3.8.2Initiation (92)5.3.8.3Reception of the RRCConnectionRelease by the UE (92)5.3.8.4T320 expiry (93)5.3.9RRC connection release requested by upper layers (93)5.3.9.1General (93)5.3.9.2Initiation (93)5.3.10Radio resource configuration (93)5.3.10.0General (93)5.3.10.1SRB addition/ modification (94)5.3.10.2DRB release (95)5.3.10.3DRB addition/ modification (95)5.3.10.3a1DC specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (96)5.3.10.3a2LWA specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a3LWIP specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a SCell release (99)5.3.10.3b SCell addition/ modification (99)5.3.10.3c PSCell addition or modification (99)5.3.10.4MAC main reconfiguration (99)5.3.10.5Semi-persistent scheduling reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.6Physical channel reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.7Radio Link Failure Timers and Constants reconfiguration (101)5.3.10.8Time domain measurement resource restriction for serving cell (101)5.3.10.9Other configuration (102)5.3.10.10SCG reconfiguration (103)5.3.10.11SCG dedicated resource configuration (104)5.3.10.12Reconfiguration SCG or split DRB by drb-ToAddModList (105)5.3.10.13Neighbour cell information reconfiguration (105)5.3.10.14Void (105)5.3.10.15Sidelink dedicated configuration (105)5.3.10.16T370 expiry (106)5.3.11Radio link failure related actions (107)5.3.11.1Detection of physical layer problems in RRC_CONNECTED (107)5.3.11.2Recovery of physical layer problems (107)5.3.11.3Detection of radio link failure (107)5.3.12UE actions upon leaving RRC_CONNECTED (109)5.3.13UE actions upon PUCCH/ SRS release request (110)5.3.14Proximity indication (110)5.3.14.1General (110)5.3.14.2Initiation (111)5.3.14.3Actions related to transmission of ProximityIndication message (111)5.3.15Void (111)5.4Inter-RAT mobility (111)5.4.1Introduction (111)5.4.2Handover to E-UTRA (112)5.4.2.1General (112)5.4.2.2Initiation (112)5.4.2.3Reception of the RRCConnectionReconfiguration by the UE (112)5.4.2.4Reconfiguration failure (114)5.4.2.5T304 expiry (handover to E-UTRA failure) (114)5.4.3Mobility from E-UTRA (114)5.4.3.1General (114)5.4.3.2Initiation (115)5.4.3.3Reception of the MobilityFromEUTRACommand by the UE (115)5.4.3.4Successful completion of the mobility from E-UTRA (116)5.4.3.5Mobility from E-UTRA failure (117)5.4.4Handover from E-UTRA preparation request (CDMA2000) (117)5.4.4.1General (117)5.4.4.2Initiation (118)5.4.4.3Reception of the HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest by the UE (118)5.4.5UL handover preparation transfer (CDMA2000) (118)5.4.5.1General (118)5.4.5.2Initiation (118)5.4.5.3Actions related to transmission of the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.5.4Failure to deliver the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.6Inter-RAT cell change order to E-UTRAN (119)5.4.6.1General (119)5.4.6.2Initiation (119)5.4.6.3UE fails to complete an inter-RAT cell change order (119)5.5Measurements (120)5.5.1Introduction (120)5.5.2Measurement configuration (121)5.5.2.1General (121)5.5.2.2Measurement identity removal (122)5.5.2.2a Measurement identity autonomous removal (122)5.5.2.3Measurement identity addition/ modification (123)5.5.2.4Measurement object removal (124)5.5.2.5Measurement object addition/ modification (124)5.5.2.6Reporting configuration removal (126)5.5.2.7Reporting configuration addition/ modification (127)5.5.2.8Quantity configuration (127)5.5.2.9Measurement gap configuration (127)5.5.2.10Discovery signals measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.2.11RSSI measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.3Performing measurements (128)5.5.3.1General (128)5.5.3.2Layer 3 filtering (131)5.5.4Measurement report triggering (131)5.5.4.1General (131)5.5.4.2Event A1 (Serving becomes better than threshold) (135)5.5.4.3Event A2 (Serving becomes worse than threshold) (136)5.5.4.4Event A3 (Neighbour becomes offset better than PCell/ PSCell) (136)5.5.4.5Event A4 (Neighbour becomes better than threshold) (137)5.5.4.6Event A5 (PCell/ PSCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (138)5.5.4.6a Event A6 (Neighbour becomes offset better than SCell) (139)5.5.4.7Event B1 (Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold) (139)5.5.4.8Event B2 (PCell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (140)5.5.4.9Event C1 (CSI-RS resource becomes better than threshold) (141)5.5.4.10Event C2 (CSI-RS resource becomes offset better than reference CSI-RS resource) (141)5.5.4.11Event W1 (WLAN becomes better than a threshold) (142)5.5.4.12Event W2 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than threshold1 and a WLANoutside WLAN mobility set becomes better than threshold2) (142)5.5.4.13Event W3 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than a threshold) (143)5.5.5Measurement reporting (144)5.5.6Measurement related actions (148)5.5.6.1Actions upon handover and re-establishment (148)5.5.6.2Speed dependant scaling of measurement related parameters (149)5.5.7Inter-frequency RSTD measurement indication (149)5.5.7.1General (149)5.5.7.2Initiation (150)5.5.7.3Actions related to transmission of InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication message (150)5.6Other (150)5.6.0General (150)5.6.1DL information transfer (151)5.6.1.1General (151)5.6.1.2Initiation (151)5.6.1.3Reception of the DLInformationTransfer by the UE (151)5.6.2UL information transfer (151)5.6.2.1General (151)5.6.2.2Initiation (151)5.6.2.3Actions related to transmission of ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.2.4Failure to deliver ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.3UE capability transfer (152)5.6.3.1General (152)5.6.3.2Initiation (153)5.6.3.3Reception of the UECapabilityEnquiry by the UE (153)5.6.4CSFB to 1x Parameter transfer (157)5.6.4.1General (157)5.6.4.2Initiation (157)5.6.4.3Actions related to transmission of CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.4.4Reception of the CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.5UE Information (158)5.6.5.1General (158)5.6.5.2Initiation (158)5.6.5.3Reception of the UEInformationRequest message (158)5.6.6 Logged Measurement Configuration (159)5.6.6.1General (159)5.6.6.2Initiation (160)5.6.6.3Reception of the LoggedMeasurementConfiguration by the UE (160)5.6.6.4T330 expiry (160)5.6.7 Release of Logged Measurement Configuration (160)5.6.7.1General (160)5.6.7.2Initiation (160)5.6.8 Measurements logging (161)5.6.8.1General (161)5.6.8.2Initiation (161)5.6.9In-device coexistence indication (163)5.6.9.1General (163)5.6.9.2Initiation (164)5.6.9.3Actions related to transmission of InDeviceCoexIndication message (164)5.6.10UE Assistance Information (165)5.6.10.1General (165)5.6.10.2Initiation (166)5.6.10.3Actions related to transmission of UEAssistanceInformation message (166)5.6.11 Mobility history information (166)5.6.11.1General (166)5.6.11.2Initiation (166)5.6.12RAN-assisted WLAN interworking (167)5.6.12.1General (167)5.6.12.2Dedicated WLAN offload configuration (167)5.6.12.3WLAN offload RAN evaluation (167)5.6.12.4T350 expiry or stop (167)5.6.12.5Cell selection/ re-selection while T350 is running (168)5.6.13SCG failure information (168)5.6.13.1General (168)5.6.13.2Initiation (168)5.6.13.3Actions related to transmission of SCGFailureInformation message (168)5.6.14LTE-WLAN Aggregation (169)5.6.14.1Introduction (169)5.6.14.2Reception of LWA configuration (169)5.6.14.3Release of LWA configuration (170)5.6.15WLAN connection management (170)5.6.15.1Introduction (170)5.6.15.2WLAN connection status reporting (170)5.6.15.2.1General (170)5.6.15.2.2Initiation (171)5.6.15.2.3Actions related to transmission of WLANConnectionStatusReport message (171)5.6.15.3T351 Expiry (WLAN connection attempt timeout) (171)5.6.15.4WLAN status monitoring (171)5.6.16RAN controlled LTE-WLAN interworking (172)5.6.16.1General (172)5.6.16.2WLAN traffic steering command (172)5.6.17LTE-WLAN aggregation with IPsec tunnel (173)5.6.17.1General (173)5.7Generic error handling (174)5.7.1General (174)5.7.2ASN.1 violation or encoding error (174)5.7.3Field set to a not comprehended value (174)5.7.4Mandatory field missing (174)5.7.5Not comprehended field (176)5.8MBMS (176)5.8.1Introduction (176)5.8.1.1General (176)5.8.1.2Scheduling (176)5.8.1.3MCCH information validity and notification of changes (176)5.8.2MCCH information acquisition (178)5.8.2.1General (178)5.8.2.2Initiation (178)5.8.2.3MCCH information acquisition by the UE (178)5.8.2.4Actions upon reception of the MBSFNAreaConfiguration message (178)5.8.2.5Actions upon reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message (179)5.8.3MBMS PTM radio bearer configuration (179)5.8.3.1General (179)5.8.3.2Initiation (179)5.8.3.3MRB establishment (179)5.8.3.4MRB release (179)5.8.4MBMS Counting Procedure (179)5.8.4.1General (179)5.8.4.2Initiation (180)5.8.4.3Reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message by the UE (180)5.8.5MBMS interest indication (181)5.8.5.1General (181)5.8.5.2Initiation (181)5.8.5.3Determine MBMS frequencies of interest (182)5.8.5.4Actions related to transmission of MBMSInterestIndication message (183)5.8a SC-PTM (183)5.8a.1Introduction (183)5.8a.1.1General (183)5.8a.1.2SC-MCCH scheduling (183)5.8a.1.3SC-MCCH information validity and notification of changes (183)5.8a.1.4Procedures (184)5.8a.2SC-MCCH information acquisition (184)5.8a.2.1General (184)5.8a.2.2Initiation (184)5.8a.2.3SC-MCCH information acquisition by the UE (184)5.8a.2.4Actions upon reception of the SCPTMConfiguration message (185)5.8a.3SC-PTM radio bearer configuration (185)5.8a.3.1General (185)5.8a.3.2Initiation (185)5.8a.3.3SC-MRB establishment (185)5.8a.3.4SC-MRB release (185)5.9RN procedures (186)5.9.1RN reconfiguration (186)5.9.1.1General (186)5.9.1.2Initiation (186)5.9.1.3Reception of the RNReconfiguration by the RN (186)5.10Sidelink (186)5.10.1Introduction (186)5.10.1a Conditions for sidelink communication operation (187)5.10.2Sidelink UE information (188)5.10.2.1General (188)5.10.2.2Initiation (189)5.10.2.3Actions related to transmission of SidelinkUEInformation message (193)5.10.3Sidelink communication monitoring (195)5.10.6Sidelink discovery announcement (198)5.10.6a Sidelink discovery announcement pool selection (201)5.10.6b Sidelink discovery announcement reference carrier selection (201)5.10.7Sidelink synchronisation information transmission (202)5.10.7.1General (202)5.10.7.2Initiation (203)5.10.7.3Transmission of SLSS (204)5.10.7.4Transmission of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (205)5.10.7.5Void (206)5.10.8Sidelink synchronisation reference (206)5.10.8.1General (206)5.10.8.2Selection and reselection of synchronisation reference UE (SyncRef UE) (206)5.10.9Sidelink common control information (207)5.10.9.1General (207)5.10.9.2Actions related to reception of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (207)5.10.10Sidelink relay UE operation (207)5.10.10.1General (207)5.10.10.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink relay UE (207)5.10.10.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink relay UE (208)5.10.10.4Sidelink relay UE threshold conditions (208)5.10.11Sidelink remote UE operation (208)5.10.11.1General (208)5.10.11.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink remote UE (208)5.10.11.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink remote UE (209)5.10.11.4Selection and reselection of sidelink relay UE (209)5.10.11.5Sidelink remote UE threshold conditions (210)6Protocol data units, formats and parameters (tabular & ASN.1) (210)6.1General (210)6.2RRC messages (212)6.2.1General message structure (212)–EUTRA-RRC-Definitions (212)–BCCH-BCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message-BR (213)–MCCH-Message (213)–PCCH-Message (213)–DL-CCCH-Message (214)–DL-DCCH-Message (214)–UL-CCCH-Message (214)–UL-DCCH-Message (215)–SC-MCCH-Message (215)6.2.2Message definitions (216)–CounterCheck (216)–CounterCheckResponse (217)–CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 (217)–CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 (218)–DLInformationTransfer (218)–HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest (CDMA2000) (219)–InDeviceCoexIndication (220)–InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication (222)–LoggedMeasurementConfiguration (223)–MasterInformationBlock (225)–MBMSCountingRequest (226)–MBMSCountingResponse (226)–MBMSInterestIndication (227)–MBSFNAreaConfiguration (228)–MeasurementReport (228)–MobilityFromEUTRACommand (229)–Paging (232)–ProximityIndication (233)–RNReconfiguration (234)–RNReconfigurationComplete (234)–RRCConnectionReconfiguration (235)–RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete (240)–RRCConnectionReestablishment (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentComplete (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject (242)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest (243)–RRCConnectionReject (243)–RRCConnectionRelease (244)–RRCConnectionResume (248)–RRCConnectionResumeComplete (249)–RRCConnectionResumeRequest (250)–RRCConnectionRequest (250)–RRCConnectionSetup (251)–RRCConnectionSetupComplete (252)–SCGFailureInformation (253)–SCPTMConfiguration (254)–SecurityModeCommand (255)–SecurityModeComplete (255)–SecurityModeFailure (256)–SidelinkUEInformation (256)–SystemInformation (258)–SystemInformationBlockType1 (259)–UEAssistanceInformation (264)–UECapabilityEnquiry (265)–UECapabilityInformation (266)–UEInformationRequest (267)–UEInformationResponse (267)–ULHandoverPreparationTransfer (CDMA2000) (273)–ULInformationTransfer (274)–WLANConnectionStatusReport (274)6.3RRC information elements (275)6.3.1System information blocks (275)–SystemInformationBlockType2 (275)–SystemInformationBlockType3 (279)–SystemInformationBlockType4 (282)–SystemInformationBlockType5 (283)–SystemInformationBlockType6 (287)–SystemInformationBlockType7 (289)–SystemInformationBlockType8 (290)–SystemInformationBlockType9 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType10 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType11 (296)–SystemInformationBlockType12 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType13 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType14 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType15 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType16 (299)–SystemInformationBlockType17 (300)–SystemInformationBlockType18 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType19 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType20 (304)6.3.2Radio resource control information elements (304)–AntennaInfo (304)–AntennaInfoUL (306)–CQI-ReportConfig (307)–CQI-ReportPeriodicProcExtId (314)–CrossCarrierSchedulingConfig (314)–CSI-IM-Config (315)–CSI-IM-ConfigId (315)–CSI-RS-Config (317)–CSI-RS-ConfigEMIMO (318)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZP (319)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZPId (320)–CSI-RS-ConfigZP (321)–CSI-RS-ConfigZPId (321)–DMRS-Config (321)–DRB-Identity (322)–EPDCCH-Config (322)–EIMTA-MainConfig (324)–LogicalChannelConfig (325)–LWA-Configuration (326)–LWIP-Configuration (326)–RCLWI-Configuration (327)–MAC-MainConfig (327)–P-C-AndCBSR (332)–PDCCH-ConfigSCell (333)–PDCP-Config (334)–PDSCH-Config (337)–PDSCH-RE-MappingQCL-ConfigId (339)–PHICH-Config (339)–PhysicalConfigDedicated (339)–P-Max (344)–PRACH-Config (344)–PresenceAntennaPort1 (346)–PUCCH-Config (347)–PUSCH-Config (351)–RACH-ConfigCommon (355)–RACH-ConfigDedicated (357)–RadioResourceConfigCommon (358)–RadioResourceConfigDedicated (362)–RLC-Config (367)–RLF-TimersAndConstants (369)–RN-SubframeConfig (370)–SchedulingRequestConfig (371)–SoundingRS-UL-Config (372)–SPS-Config (375)–TDD-Config (376)–TimeAlignmentTimer (377)–TPC-PDCCH-Config (377)–TunnelConfigLWIP (378)–UplinkPowerControl (379)–WLAN-Id-List (382)–WLAN-MobilityConfig (382)6.3.3Security control information elements (382)–NextHopChainingCount (382)–SecurityAlgorithmConfig (383)–ShortMAC-I (383)6.3.4Mobility control information elements (383)–AdditionalSpectrumEmission (383)–ARFCN-ValueCDMA2000 (383)–ARFCN-ValueEUTRA (384)–ARFCN-ValueGERAN (384)–ARFCN-ValueUTRA (384)–BandclassCDMA2000 (384)–BandIndicatorGERAN (385)–CarrierFreqCDMA2000 (385)–CarrierFreqGERAN (385)–CellIndexList (387)–CellReselectionPriority (387)–CellSelectionInfoCE (387)–CellReselectionSubPriority (388)–CSFB-RegistrationParam1XRTT (388)–CellGlobalIdEUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdGERAN (390)–CellGlobalIdCDMA2000 (390)–CellSelectionInfoNFreq (391)–CSG-Identity (391)–FreqBandIndicator (391)–MobilityControlInfo (391)–MobilityParametersCDMA2000 (1xRTT) (393)–MobilityStateParameters (394)–MultiBandInfoList (394)–NS-PmaxList (394)–PhysCellId (395)–PhysCellIdRange (395)–PhysCellIdRangeUTRA-FDDList (395)–PhysCellIdCDMA2000 (396)–PhysCellIdGERAN (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-FDD (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-TDD (396)–PLMN-Identity (397)–PLMN-IdentityList3 (397)–PreRegistrationInfoHRPD (397)–Q-QualMin (398)–Q-RxLevMin (398)–Q-OffsetRange (398)–Q-OffsetRangeInterRAT (399)–ReselectionThreshold (399)–ReselectionThresholdQ (399)–SCellIndex (399)–ServCellIndex (400)–SpeedStateScaleFactors (400)–SystemInfoListGERAN (400)–SystemTimeInfoCDMA2000 (401)–TrackingAreaCode (401)–T-Reselection (402)–T-ReselectionEUTRA-CE (402)6.3.5Measurement information elements (402)–AllowedMeasBandwidth (402)–CSI-RSRP-Range (402)–Hysteresis (402)–LocationInfo (403)–MBSFN-RSRQ-Range (403)–MeasConfig (404)–MeasDS-Config (405)–MeasGapConfig (406)–MeasId (407)–MeasIdToAddModList (407)–MeasObjectCDMA2000 (408)–MeasObjectEUTRA (408)–MeasObjectGERAN (412)–MeasObjectId (412)–MeasObjectToAddModList (412)–MeasObjectUTRA (413)–ReportConfigEUTRA (422)–ReportConfigId (425)–ReportConfigInterRAT (425)–ReportConfigToAddModList (428)–ReportInterval (429)–RSRP-Range (429)–RSRQ-Range (430)–RSRQ-Type (430)–RS-SINR-Range (430)–RSSI-Range-r13 (431)–TimeToTrigger (431)–UL-DelayConfig (431)–WLAN-CarrierInfo (431)–WLAN-RSSI-Range (432)–WLAN-Status (432)6.3.6Other information elements (433)–AbsoluteTimeInfo (433)–AreaConfiguration (433)–C-RNTI (433)–DedicatedInfoCDMA2000 (434)–DedicatedInfoNAS (434)–FilterCoefficient (434)–LoggingDuration (434)–LoggingInterval (435)–MeasSubframePattern (435)–MMEC (435)–NeighCellConfig (435)–OtherConfig (436)–RAND-CDMA2000 (1xRTT) (437)–RAT-Type (437)–ResumeIdentity (437)–RRC-TransactionIdentifier (438)–S-TMSI (438)–TraceReference (438)–UE-CapabilityRAT-ContainerList (438)–UE-EUTRA-Capability (439)–UE-RadioPagingInfo (469)–UE-TimersAndConstants (469)–VisitedCellInfoList (470)–WLAN-OffloadConfig (470)6.3.7MBMS information elements (472)–MBMS-NotificationConfig (472)–MBMS-ServiceList (473)–MBSFN-AreaId (473)–MBSFN-AreaInfoList (473)–MBSFN-SubframeConfig (474)–PMCH-InfoList (475)6.3.7a SC-PTM information elements (476)–SC-MTCH-InfoList (476)–SCPTM-NeighbourCellList (478)6.3.8Sidelink information elements (478)–SL-CommConfig (478)–SL-CommResourcePool (479)–SL-CP-Len (480)–SL-DiscConfig (481)–SL-DiscResourcePool (483)–SL-DiscTxPowerInfo (485)–SL-GapConfig (485)。
目录第1章12、13变模计数器逻辑设计 (1)1、逻辑表达式化简 (1)2、设计思路 (5)第2章电路图与功能仿真 (6)1、画电路图 (6)2、电路功能仿真 (7)3、功耗测量 (10)第3章版图设计与验证 (13)附录1 网表 ................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
第1章 12、13变模计数器逻辑设计1、逻辑表达式化简为了减少所设计的变模可控的12、13计数器的面积,分别先画出12进制计数器的卡诺图和13进制计数器的卡诺图,在圈项时,尽量使两个卡诺图中所圈的圈一样,并且使两种不同进制的计数器卡诺图中所圈的圈不同的地方尽量小,这样,它们所用的公共部分会尽量的多,这样做会减少面积。
12进制的卡诺图化简过程如下所示。
计数器在12进制的工作模式下的卡诺图如下。
对于3Q 的次态有如下卡诺图。
得到的3Q 的次态的表达式为:023*******3Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q n ++=+。
对于2Q 的次态的有如下的卡诺图。
01Q Q23Q Q0001111000 0001 0010 0100 0011 01 0101 0110 1000 0111 11 XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX 10100110100000101101Q Q23Q Q0001111000 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 0 11 X X X X 10111得到2Q 的次态的表达式为:012302312312Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q n ++=+。
对于1Q 有如下卡诺图。
得到1Q 的次态表达式为:010111Q Q Q Q Q n +=+。
对于0Q 的卡诺图如下所示。
01Q Q23Q Q0001111000 0 0 1 0 01 1 1 0 1 11 X X X X 1001Q Q23Q Q0001111000 0 1 0 1 01 0 1 0 1 11 X X X X 101101Q Q23Q Q 0001111000 1 0 0 1 01 1 0 0 1 11 X X X X 1011得到0Q 的次态表达式为:020310Q Q Q Q Q n +=+。
对于进位CY 因为比较简单,直接写出它的表达式为:013Q Q Q CY =。
上面化简的卡诺图所得到的表达式是当EN=1、M=0的条件下计数器为12进制的工作模式下的次态表达式。
当EN=1、M=1的条件下的计数器为13进制的工作模式下的卡诺图和次态表达式如下。
对于在13进制的工作模式下的3Q 有如下卡诺图。
得到的3Q 的次态的表达式为1302301212313Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q n +++=+。
对于在13进制的工作模式下的2Q 有如下卡诺图。
01Q Q23Q Q0001111000 0001 0010 0100 0011 01 0101 0110 1000 0111 11 0000 XXXX XXXX XXXX 10100110101100101101Q Q23Q Q00 01 11 1000 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 0 11 X X X X 101111得到2Q 的次态的表达式为:01202312312Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q n ++=+。
对于13进制工作模式下的1Q 有如下卡诺图。
得到1Q 的次态表达式为:010111Q Q Q Q Q n +=+。
对于13进制工作模式下的0Q 的卡诺图如下所示。
01Q Q23Q Q0001111000 0 0 1 0 01 1 1 0 1 11 X X X X 10101Q Q23Q Q0001111000 0 1 0 1 01 0 1 0 1 11 X X X X 101101Q Q23Q Q 0001111000 1 0 0 1 01 1 0 0 1 11 X X X X 1011得到0Q 的次态表达式为:020310Q Q Q Q Q n +=+。
对于进位CY 因为比较简单,直接写出它的表达式为:23Q Q CY =。
从上面化简的过程中可以看出,计数器在12进制和13进制工作模式下的1Q 和0Q 的次态逻辑表达式是一样的,只有3Q 和2Q 的次态表达式不一样。
尽量将这种不一样减小到最少,使得设计的电路面积减少。
2、设计思路12、13可控变模计数器包括组合逻辑电路和四个触发器两个大部分。
组合逻辑电路输出部分的逻辑表达式在上面已经化简完成,根据要求,这个计数器要有复位端RST_N 、模控制端M 、使能端EN 。
对于复位端RST_N ,把复位端设在D 触发器上,即将四个带有异步复位功能的D 出发器的复位段连接起来作为整个电路的复位段;将四个MUX2的控制信号接在一起作为整个计数器的使能信号EN ,MUX2的一端接组合逻辑电路的输出,另一端接触发器的输出,这样当EN=1时,计数器正常工作,当EN=0时,计数器保持当前计数值不变;M 控制着此时计数器工作在12进制模式还是13进制模式,它实际上控制着是否接入能使计数器计13个数和在计数器计数到12时进位CY 输出为1的那部分电路。
在触发器的输出端接两个尺寸比例为1:4的反相器作为buffer 使用可以提高速度。
第2章 电路图与功能仿真1、画电路图在第一章中已经把组合逻辑电路的输出端口的逻辑表达式化简和优化,根据表达式在Cadence 中画出电路图,组合逻辑电路中反相器的器件尺寸选择为PMOS :W=2.1u ,L=550n ;NMOS :W=800n ,L=550n 。
将这种尺寸的反相器作为一个标尺,其它器件的尺寸按照这种反相器的尺寸相应地进行扩大,比如两输入与非门的尺寸为:PMOS :W=2.1u ,L=550n ;NMOS :W=1.6u ,L=550n ,依此类推。
用Cadence 画出的电路图如下图所示:图2.1 用Cadence 画的整体电路图上图中最顶端的部分是进位CY 部分的电路,相应的最右端的输出就是CY 进位端;右边从上数第二条平行的线是3Q 的输出端,依此类推,下边分别是2Q 、1Q 、Q的输出端,左边是组合逻辑电路的输入端,它们与四个触发器输出的相应Q与Q 0端相连,避免连线太乱,这里用标注线名称的方法把距离很远的两条线相连。
2、电路功能仿真为了仿真计数器的功能,画出计数器的测试电路图如下图。
图2.2 测试电路图在对计数器进行测试时在电路的每个输出端加上16个反相器的负载,输入信号clk经过两个反相器后再接入计数器的clk输入端。
经过反复的仿真实践,这里输入的时钟信号的周期选为3ns时产生的仿真波形在分别在-45度、27du、和85度下没有逻辑错误,如果再缩小一点周期,仿真波形会出现逻辑错误,所以认为计数器的最大始终周期为3ns。
对于电源电压,要求在5V条件下能够实现功能,因为电源电压有正负10%的误差,所以在仿真时采用最坏情况4.5V。
为了能够导出HSPICE网表,此处的仿真工具选为HSPICE,如下图所示。
选择仿真文件如下图。
图2.4 选择HSPICE的仿真文件并且选择ss最慢工艺角设置仿真温度为最高温度85摄氏度,如下图。
图2.5 选择仿真温度85摄氏度最后的仿真波形如图2.6、图2.7。
图2.6 仿真波形上部分图2.7 仿真波形下部分在上面的仿真波形途中,从上到下的信号依次为CLK、RST_N、EN、M、Q3、Q2、Q1、Q0、CY。
从图中可以看出,当复位信号RST_N=1,使能EN=1,模控端M=1时,计数器工作在13进制模式下,当计数器的计数值为12,即二进制数1100,进位端CY输出为1;当复位信号RST_N=1,使能EN=1,模控端M=0时,计数器工作在12进制模式下,计数值为11,即1011时输出端CY=1。
另外,在上图的中间部分,EN有一段为0,从图中可以看出,计数器的计数值在此阶段保持在1000不变,直到EN恢复高电平,之后,计数器继续工作。
从图中可知,此计数器满足在工艺角为ss、温度为85摄氏度、频率为333MHZ下工作。
3、功耗测量为了能在windows7下仿真功耗,将虚拟机环境下HSPICE文件复制到windows 下,这个文件名称为h05mixdtssa01v11.lib,是进行仿真必须的文件。
点stimulate,在下拉菜单中点击netlist,然后在右边的选项中选择create选项,之后生成网表,将生成的网表保存到虚拟机与windows7下的共享文件夹下。
生成电路网表如下图所示。
图2.8 生成电路网表在windows下打开电路网表,对它进行编辑,将下列语句去掉:* Generated for: HSPICE* Generated on: Dec 24 19:24:59 2014* Design library name: counter_12_13* Design cell name: count_text* Design view name: schematic.lib '/home/cdsusr/cds/hspice_models/st02_model/h05mixdtssa01v11.lib' ss.option search='.'并在此处添加下列语句:.option search="F:/Hspice/Hspicelibraryandexample/CMOSexemples".lib "h05mixdtssa01v11.lib" ss.param SUPPLY=5.param DLY=1n RISE=100p FALL=100p PW=1.5n PER=3n.param LO=0 HI=SUPPLY.param STEP='RISE/10' STOP='DLY+2*PER'因为时钟周期为3ns,选择在一个周期内测量平均功耗,不选择第一个周期,此处选择从第4ns到第7ns的一个周期作为测量范围。
则在网表的结尾处添加的测功耗语句为:.measure pwr AVG P(vdd)FROM='DLY+PER' TO='DLY+2*PER'此外由于导出的是加负载的电路网表,所以在进行功耗测量前把网表中的负载去掉,删除下列语句:xi5 q0 net02 inv_3xi4 q1 net04 inv_3xi3 q2 net06 inv_3xi2 q3 net08 inv_3xi1 cy net010 inv_3在windows下运行HSPICE,打开刚才编辑后保存的网表,点击Simulate,之后再生成的文件中会有功耗的报告内容入下图所示。