虚拟语气
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虚拟语气的常见用法和形式虚拟语气是用来表达非真实、未实现或假设情况的一种语法形式。
在中文和英语中都存在虚拟语气,但在两种语言中的使用方式和形式略有不同。
本文将介绍虚拟语气在英语中的常见用法和形式。
一、陈述虚拟语气1. 表达过去的虚拟虚拟语气的过去形式常用于表示与现实情况相反的假设或可能性,常用动词包括"be"、"have"、"were"等。
例如:- If I were you, I would apologize to her.- I wish I had studied harder for the exam.2. 表达现在的虚拟现在虚拟语气用于表达与现实情况相反或不确定的假设,常用动词包括"be"、"suggest"、"recommend"等。
例如:- It's about time she got a promotion.- I suggest that he be more careful next time.3. 表达将来的虚拟将来虚拟语气用于表达与现实情况相反或不可能实现的假设,常用动词包括"should"、"were to"等。
例如:- If I should win the lottery, I would buy a big house.- If it were to rain, the event would be canceled.二、命令虚拟语气当表示一种命令、建议或要求时,常使用虚拟语气来显得客气或委婉。
例如:- I suggest that you arrive on time for the meeting.- It's important that he be there for the ceremony.三、愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气用于表达对过去、现在或将来的愿望、期望或希望。
虚拟语气的用法及例子
虚拟语气是一种语法形式,用于表示非真实的情况或假设的情况。
虚拟语气常见于条件句、愿望句和建议句中。
1. 条件句中的虚拟语气
条件句中的虚拟语气用于表达假设、不可能实现或不符合事实的情况。
- 如果我会飞,我就飞到月球上去了。
- 如果我有更多的时间,我会多读书。
2. 愿望句中的虚拟语气
愿望句中的虚拟语气用于表达对现在或过去情况的不满、遗憾或希望。
- 要是我能去旅行,我就会去世界各地。
- 要是我早些知道这个消息,我就不会错过这个机会了。
3. 建议句中的虚拟语气
建议句中的虚拟语气用于表达对某种行动或情况的建议、要求或命令。
- 尽量少吃甜食,要不然你会发胖的。
- 要是你需要帮助,尽管告诉我。
虚拟语气通过使用虚拟动词和特殊的句子结构来表达。
在中文中,通常使用“如果……就……”、“要是……就……”、“如果能……就……”等句式来表示虚拟语气。
需要注意的是,虚拟语气在口语和书面语中的使用有所不同。
在口语中,虚拟语气的使用相对较少,而在正式的书面语或文学作品中,虚拟语气的使用相对较多。
希望本文对你理解和运用虚拟语气有所帮助!。
虚拟语气(整理版)虚拟语气定义:虚拟语气指不行能实现的愿望或与事实相反的状况,而不表示客观存在的事实。
大致可分为以下几种状况:一、虚拟条件句(Unreal conditions)(一)含有if条件句的主从句的虚拟语气总结:1. If条件句中谓语动词的虚拟结构是在本来陈述语气所用时态的基础上倒退一个时态(对未来虚拟的were to do/should do例外)2. 主句要借助于情态动词的过去式,后跟动词原形(现在或未来)或have done(过去);if条件句中只浮现一个情态动词,即对未来虚拟的should.3.做此类题目时一定要分清是从句还是主句谓语动词的虚拟,还要掌握好时态。
注重:1. 在虚拟条件从句中,动词“be”的过去时态一律用”were”,不用was。
2. 在虚拟条件状语中假如有were, should, had这三个词中任何一个,可省略if,把这三个词提到主语提之前, 变成:were/should/had +主语+剩余成分。
3.在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
如我们可说Were I not to do., 而不能说Weren…t I todo。
4.在表示与未来事实相反的条件句中,只能用should,而不能用would,could和might 等。
5.主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would,could以及might 可以用于各种人称(二)混合虚拟条件句当假设条件句的主句和从句不表达同一时光的时候,我们应使用混合时光的假设条件句,动词的形式要分离按照它所表示的不同时光做相应的调节,变法同if条件虚拟句的主从句谓语动词变法。
(三)含蓄条件句在含蓄条件句中,我们常使用otherwise ,or, but以及with ,without ,but for开头的介词短语来代替条件句。
注:1. but for =1)If it weren’t fo r(对普通现在时虚拟)2)If it hadn’t been for(对普通过去时虚拟)2.分句(直陈)+otherwise/or+分句→对主句谓语动词的虚拟3.分句(对主句谓语动词虚拟)+but/unfortunately+分句(直陈)4.with/without/but for+宾语+句子(对主句谓语动词虚拟)填空:1. 假如现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。
虚拟语气总结虚拟语气是中文语法中的一个重要部分,它用来表示与事实相反、与现实不符或者与实际情况相违背的假设条件。
在句子中,虚拟语气可以通过动词变化、词语搭配或者语气的转变来表示。
在本文中,我们将对虚拟语气进行总结和探讨。
一、虚拟语气的分类虚拟语气主要分为三种形式:假设虚拟语气、愿望虚拟语气和建议虚拟语气。
假设虚拟语气用来表示与事实相反或者与现实情况不符的假设条件。
例如:“如果我是你,我就不会这样做。
”这句话中,“我是你”的前提是与实际情况不符的。
愿望虚拟语气用来表达对现实情况的一种希望或者愿望。
例如:“我希望我能够飞起来。
”这句话中,“我能够飞起来”是与现实情况相悖的。
建议虚拟语气用来表示一种建议或者命令的语气。
例如:“你最好不要再迟到了。
”这句话中,“你最好不要迟到”是一种与现实情况相反的建议。
二、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的用法在语法中有一定的规则。
在假设虚拟语气中,如果条件是与现实相反的假设,一般用“如果”、“要是”、“虽然”等连词引导。
在愿望虚拟语气中,可以使用“但愿”、“要是”、“如果”等词语来引导。
在建议虚拟语气中,常用的引导词有“最好”、“最宜”、“要是”等。
虚拟语气的主要表示方式是通过动词的变化。
在汉语中,动词的变化包括假定语气动词的使用、词语搭配的改变和语气的转换。
例如,在假设虚拟语气中,“是”可以变为“要是”、“如果”、“虽然”等;在愿望虚拟语气中,动词可以添加“了”、“吧”等语气词来表示虚拟语气。
有一些常用的虚拟语气的表达方式。
例如,在假设虚拟语气中,可以用“要是”+现在时态表示现在虚拟,用“要是”+过去时态表示过去虚拟。
在愿望虚拟语气中,可以用“但愿”+现在时态表示对现在情况的一种希望,用“但愿”+过去时态表示对过去情况的一种希望。
在建议虚拟语气中,可以用“要是”+现在时态表示对现在情况的一种建议或者命令。
三、虚拟语气的意义和作用虚拟语气在语言交际中有着重要的意义和作用。
它可以用来表示一种假设条件或者与事实相反的情况,让语言变得更加丰富和灵活。
虚拟语气八种虚拟结构:1、在含有表建议、命令、要求、请求、决定、义务等语气的句中借助should(可省略)使用虚拟语气。
1) 动词后的宾语从句2) 名词后的表语从句3) 名词后的同位语从句4) it +be +v-ed that 后的从句5) It +be +形容词+ that后的从句• she suggested that we (should) set off early the next day•My advice is that more trees should be planted in our school.•They won’t accept the suggestion that we should cut all the trees.•It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three miles away.•It is essential(绝对必要的)that he ( should ) your home work first.常见用虚拟语气的词语:1)动词:command, demand, desire(希望), insis t(坚持), order, propose(提议), recommend (推荐), request(要求), require(要求), sugges t(建议)2). 分词:It is proposed that …(人们建议……) It is desired that … (最好、需要……) ,It is requested that … (人们要求……)It is suggested that … (有人建议……) ,It is recommended that …(有人推荐……)It is demanded that …(根据要求……) ,It is decided that …(已经决定……)It is arranged that … (已经安排……) 等等。
虚拟语气英语知识点总结一、虚拟语气的概念。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测或建议等。
二、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构:从句(If + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)),主句(主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形)。
- 例如:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更努力学习。
实际上我不是你)2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构:从句(If+主语+had+过去分词),主句(主语+would/should/could/might + have+过去分词)。
- 例如:If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.(如果他听了我的建议,他就会通过考试了。
实际上他没听建议,也没通过考试)3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构:从句(If+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形),主句(主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形)。
- 例如:If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就会待在家里。
明天是否下雨还不确定,但这是一种假设情况)- 或者If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him the news.(如果他明天来,我就会告诉他这个消息)- 以及If I were to see her tomorrow, I would give her the book.(如果我明天见到她,我就会把书给她)三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
1. wish后的宾语从句。
- 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)。
虚拟语气一.三种语气简介语气是表示讲话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。
英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1.陈述语气表示谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观事实的,也就是说把动作或状态当作事实表达出来,或提出一种看法。
Flowers blossom in spring.The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind.The moon is peeping through the window at the sleepless girl.You tole me you loved me one morning in May.It is probably going to snow tomorrow.2. 祈使语气表示号召,命令,请求,劝告,警告,禁止等。
Let us help you.Do drop in to see us.Keep off the grass.Never trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you.3. 虚拟语气虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”,而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。
它表达的是怀疑,忧虑,推测,假设,想象或祝愿等。
I wish I were a white cloud.If it had not been raining,I would have gone to the restaurant as usual.二.虚拟语气在条件句总的运用。
英语中的条件句一般有两种,真实条件句和非真实条件句,虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中。
1.虚拟条件句虚拟条件句可分为两类:一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况,一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。
另外,还有一类用于推测将来的情况。
ⅰ.与现在事实相反He would not feel so cold if he were indoors.I am sorry I am very busy just now. if I had time,I would certainly go to the movies with you.If I knew the answer to all your questions, I would be a genius.If you could bear the loneliness,you might succeed.ⅱ.与过去事实相反If we had not made adequate preparations,the conference would not have been so successful.We would not have cokked it if we could have eaten it raw.The might have caused great damage to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs.ⅲ.推测将来If he were here this evening,we would play cards.If she were to marry Jack,she would be happy.If it should rain again, what else could I do?2.条件句通常放在主句前,但也可以放在主句后,有时也可以放在句中。
If you would marry me, all the property would be yours.All the property would be yours if you would marry me.All the property, if you would marry me, would be yours.3.条件句中有were,had,should,could时,可以省略if,而把were,had,should,could放在主语前,用倒装结构。
Were it necessary, I might resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.Should I have time,I would call on her.Should she not come,we should do it by ourselves.4.虚拟语气中的主句通常是陈述句,但也可以是疑问句,感叹句或祈使句。
If she had everything, would she be happy?If he had married Alice, how happy she would have been!If you were man enough,do not give up.If you should need help, please tell me.三.错综时间条件句。
在错综时间条件句中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。
Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning,I should not be wet now.(过去---现在)If I were you ,I would not have missed the film last night.(现在------过去)If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.(过去-----将来)If Mary should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.(将来-----过去)四.无“条件”的虚拟语气句子-------A wise man would not have done that这里的所谓无“条件”,指的是句子表层没有通常使用的if或I wish 等引起的表示条件的句子,但其深层结构或是上下文中还是有条件的。
这种条件可以用介词,形容词,名词,代词,连词,动词,分词,不定式,定语从句或上下文等表示出来。
表示无“条件”的词有with,without,but for,or,but,otherwise,even,in case of,what if.But for you help we could not have succeeded.They would not have reached the agreement so easily without the common ground.(介词短语)She was not feeling very well.otherwise/or she would not have left the meeting so early.(连词) Given more time,we would do it better.(分词短语)五.含蓄条件句有些句子中,没有任何表示虚拟语气的词,短语或从句,但仍要用虚拟语气。
这时,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分,要么隐含在上下文中,称为含蓄条件句。
I would do anything for her.(If I could)You might have failed. (if you made less efforts)She should have died.(if she had taken that bus)Even stones would shed tears.(to hear the sad story)It would do you no good.(if you should give up the job)Heaven would cry at their sufferings. (if it were able to see their sufferings)She might have refused to answer.(if you had asked her)六.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用1.动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反,用were或动词的过去式;与过去事实相反,用had+过去分词或would/could+have+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
I wish she were hereI wish you would go with us tomorrow.I wish she had taken my advice2.if only 和would that后用虚拟语气谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望,用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望,常译为“要是。
就好了,但愿“If only she had known where to find you.If only I could speak several foreign languages.Would that I were yong again.Would that I had never seen it.Would that I could fly.If only you could be as you used to be.3.虚拟语气用在suggest,order,demand 等后的宾语从句中。
propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,promise,arrange,ask,move,consent,determin e,recommend,advise,intend,beg,resolve,argue,maintain,deserve,prefer,vote,urge,instruct,persuade, agree,pray,expect,persist,permit规定的意念动词,祈使动词或态度动词的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。
这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形,should可以省略。
He determined that she (should) go at once.I prefer that such comments (should) cease.They intended thaat the news (should) be suppressed.(镇压)I prefer that you (should) not eat the meat.She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.The workers demanded that their wages/salaries/paid (should)be rasied by 10 percent.He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for.I recommend that everyone (should) buy this dictionary.The examinations instructions ask that the students (should)not use a red pen.4.虚拟语气用在advice,demand,order等名词后的主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句中。