翻译技巧（上）一、增译法增词（译）法就是指在翻译时按照修辞句法上的需要在译文中增加一些原文中虽无但有其意的词。
增译的目的是为了更加忠实通顺地表达原文的内容，而决不是无中生有地随意增加。
（一）英译汉常用的增益法I．增加原文中省略的部分1.Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt that the atom can be splitand its power used. （power后省略了can be）自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世界都已知道，原子可以分裂，原子能可以利用。
2. A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.（money后省略了are soon parted）愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。
3.Both human and cow milk are naturally spiced with a small amount of morphine.（human后省略了milk）人乳与牛乳均含有少量吗啡。
4.So-called convenience and frozen foods are now as popular in Europe asthey are in America.如今，所谓的方便食品和速冻食品风靡欧洲，就像在美国一样大众化。
II．增加意义上或修辞上的需要的部分1.He left without a word.他一句话也不说就走了。
2.What a leader he was!他真是一个出类拔萃的领袖啊。
3.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones.亲人的相继离世是他的一生充满了个人悲剧。
4.Disappearances occurred with apparently increasing frequency.失踪事件接二连三地发生，显然越来越频繁。
5.She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea.她热情地将客人们迎进来，然后给他们各端了一杯茶。
6.Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.哈丽特阿姨时常慷慨地款待客人。
7.They wanted to ease the tension in the Middle East.他们试图缓解中东的紧张局势。
8.There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。
9.Day after day he came to his work --- sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.他每天来干活------扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。
10.The thesis summed up the new achievements made in computers, artificial satellitesand rockets.该论文总结了计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的最新成就。
（二）汉译英常用的增益法A．增词明确原意1.台湾是中国的领土。
Taiwan is part of Chinese territory.2.饭店现有三个餐厅和一个贵宾间、240个座位。
The restaurant now has three dining rooms and a VIP room with a total of 240 seats.3.狠抓管理，安全生产。
We should improve management and ensure safe production.4.月亮升得高高的，明亮犹如银盘。
The moon rose high, shining as brightly as a silver plate.5.突然电话铃响了。
母亲让我回去送弟弟去医院看病。
Suddenly the telephone rang. It was my mother calling me. She wanted me to gohome and take my brother to hospital.6.对确有困难的中西部地区和老工业基地，中央财政将继续给予支持。
In the case of the enterprises o f western and central China and old industrial bases that are in real financial difficulties, the central government will continue to offer financial help.7.有条件的地方要率先实现现代化。
The areas with suitable conditions must take the lead in achieving modernization. 8.该公司的主要经营范围包括：… …The business scope of the company covers the following areas: … …B．增词使结构完整1）收效可能来得慢，但是有把握，而且是巨大的。
The rewards may come slowly, but they are sure and tremendous.2）我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别。
We should gradually eliminate the difference between city and country.3）全国人民总体上实现了由温饱向小康的跨越。
The Chinese people nationwide have developed from the stage of having enough to eat and wear to that of living a better-off life.4）明朝的时候，这座城市成了一个繁荣的港口。
In the Ming Dynasty the city became a flourishing port.5）沿着南京路向东走，走到尽头，是靠黄浦江江岸的一个很美的地区。
Walking eastward along Nanjing Road, one finally comes to a very beautiful area bordering the bank of the Huangpu River.二、Omission (省译法)省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅，更符合译文习惯。
但需要注意的是，省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去，省略不能改变原文的意义。
（一）英译汉时常用的省略I．从语法角度来看1. 省略代词1).He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。
3). Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in new Campus.新校区处处可以看到新人、新事物。
4). If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.得寸进尺。
5). I have received your letter and read it with delight.我收到了你的信，愉快地读了。
2. 省略连词1). He looked gloomy and troubled. （表并列）他看上去有些忧愁不安。
2). As the temperature increase, the volume of water becomes greater. （表原因）温度升高，水的体积就增大。
3). We knew winter vocation was coming as (because) we had seen the big stone in the River. （表原因）（我们）看见了河里大石头，就知道寒假要来了。
4) My heart bleeds when I recall the scene --- my teacher moved with difficulty out the room, with tears in his eyes.回想起老师眼含泪水艰难地走出教室的情景，我心里悲痛极了。
（省略从属连词）3. 省略前置词（介词）1). The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。
2). In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal.一九五六年七月，埃及占领了苏伊士运河。
3). And on July 1st, 1999, I graduated from university.一九九九年七月一日，我大学毕业了。
4). Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场所不准吸烟。
5) On the morning of the exam day I woke up early.考试的那天早上，我醒得很早。
（省略介词）6) It is really a tough job --- there is no help for it.这真是件棘手的事，毫无法子可想。
（省略介词及其宾语）根据汉语的表达习惯，有时可以省略实词如动词、名词等。
如：1) When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.气压低，沸点就低。
(省略动词)2) European habits have changed much along with the increase in supermarkets and shopping centers, the number of cars, and the modernization of housing.欧洲人的习惯随着超市、购物中心和小汽车的增多，以及住房的现代化而发生了变化。
（省略名词）II、从修辞角度看A．英语句子中有些短语重复出现，或者具有相同意义的词重复出现，英译汉时可按情况作适当省略。
