骨科基础词汇板层骨lamellar bone编织骨woven bone不动关节synarthrosis成骨细胞osteoblast初级骨化中心primary osseous center次级骨化中心secondary ossification center穿通管V olkmann’s canal粗面内质网rough endoplasmic reticulum蛋白多糖类protein polysaccharides低磷性佝偻病hypophosphatemic ricket动力固定dynamic fixation动力加压dynamic compression动力加压接骨板dynamic compressing plate DCP 二磷酸盐diphosphonate非自攻钉nonself tapping肥大性假关节hypertrophic pseudoarthrosis负荷load干骺端metaphysis干骺端metaphyses骨囊肿bone cyst骨髓bone marrow骨皮质螺钉cortical screws骨松质螺钉cancellous screws(骨)密质骨compact bone骨干diaphyses骨膜periosteum骨松质spongy/cancellous bone骨性联合synostosis骨小粱trabeculae骨细胞osteocyte骨髓腔medullary cavity骨先质细胞osteoprogenitor骨液bone fluid骨小管bonecanaliculus骨基质bone matrix骨内膜endosteum骨单位osteon骨软化osteomalacia骨质减少性疾病osteopenic disease骨外力external force骨内力internal force骨密度bone density骨盆旋转pelvic rotation骨盆倾斜pelvic list关节软骨articular cartilage骺板epiphyseal plate滑膜synovial membrane黄骨髓yellow bone marrow骺软骨板epiphyses plate急性血源性骨髓炎acute hematogenous osteomyelitis脊索notochord脊椎滑脱症spondylolisthesis脊髓诱发电位spinal evoked potential SEP脊椎发育不良症Scheuermann 病脊髓造影myelography机械性损伤mechanical failure继发性骨折secondary fracture挤压综合征crush syndrome加压髓内针compression intramedullary nails剪力shear force剪式应力shear stress接骨术osteosynthesis间叶原基anlagen间叶细胞mesenchymal cell降钙素calcitonin降钙素calcitonin筋膜间隙综合征compartment syndrome可动关节diarthrosis矿质化mineralization拉力tension肋骨突costal process磷酸脂acidic phospholipid慢性局限性骨脓肿Brodie’s abscess慢性骨髓炎chronic osteomyelitis膜内成骨intramembranous ossification膜状管membranous tubes弥漫性血管内凝血disseminated intravascular coagulation内反应力internal reaction force内应力internal stress内环骨板层inner circumferential lamellae内固定问题研究学会association for the study of problem of intenal fixation ASIF 粘多糖类glycosaminoglycans扭转力torsional force疲劳性骨折fatigue fracture疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳极限fatigue limit皮层诱发电位cerebral evoked potential CEP破骨细胞osteoclast前列腺素prostaglandin羟基磷灰石hydroxyapatite韧带联合syndesmosis溶解dissolution软骨母细胞chondroblast软骨联合synchondrosis软骨粘液样纤维瘤chondromyxoid fibroma软骨成骨中心chondrification center软骨内成骨endochondral ossification瑞士骨折内固定学会arbeitegemeindschaft für osteosynthesefragen AO 肾源性营养不良renal osteodystrophy受体receptors生长板growth plates生物力学biomechanics弹性模量elastic modulus碳素接骨板carbon plates体感诱发电位somatosensory evoked potenial SEP无髓神经纤维nonmyelinated nerve fiber无机焦磷酸盐inorganic pyrophosphate峡部不连spondylolysis纤维母细胞fibroblast行军骨折march fracture血窦sinusoids外环骨板层outer circumferential lamellae应力线stress line应力集中stress concentration尤因肉瘤Ewing’s sarcoma原节somite压应变compressive stress易疲劳材料fatigueprone material应变stain应力stress应力骨折stress fracture有髓神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber诱发电位evoked potential运动诱发电位motor evoked potential MEP张力带tension band张力带固定tension band fixation张应力tensile stress脂质lipids中央静脉窦central venous sinus轴向力axial force自攻钉self tapping screw骨科临床词汇Aao凹陷骨折depressed fractureBban扳机指trigger finger半脱位semiluxation ,subluxation半侧肢体骨骺发育不良dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica 半骶化hemisacralization半月板囊撕裂meniscocapsular tear半月板囊肿meniscus cyst, cyst of menisci半月板破裂meniscorhexis半月板软骨撕裂Knee: Torn Meniscus Cartilage半月板撕裂tears of meniscibang棒球指骨折baseball finger fracture棒球肘baseball elbowbao爆裂骨折bursting fracturebei贝克囊肿(腘窝滑液囊肿)Baker’s cyst背痛backacheben本奈特骨折(第一掌骨基底骨折伴半脱位)Bennett’s fracture bi闭合骨折closed fracture闭合损伤closed injury闭合性创伤closed wound闭合性软组织损伤closed soft tissue injury闭经后骨质疏松postmenopausal osteoporosis臂丛神经麻痹brachial plexus paralysis臂丛神经牵拉损伤brachial plexus traction injury臂丛神经损伤brachial plexus injury臂痛brachialgiabian边缘骨刺marginal osteophyte边缘骨折marginal fracture边缘外生骨疣marginal exostosis扁平髋coxa plana扁平手manus plana扁平椎vertebra plane扁平足Flat Foot变形性骨炎(骨Paget病)osteitis deformans变形性关节病arthronosos deformans变形性脊椎病spondylosis deformansbiao瘭疽felon,panaris,panaritium,whitlow表面高恶性骨肉瘤high-grade surface osteosarcoma表皮样囊肿,粉瘤epidermoid cyst,wenbin髌骨骨折patellar fracture髌骨缺如absent patella髌骨软化症,膝盖软骨软化症chondromalacia patellae 髌后脂肪垫挛缩retropatellar fat pad contracture髌前感染性滑囊炎infected prepatellar bursitis髌前滑囊炎prepatellar bursitis髌下深滑囊炎infrapatellar bursitis髌周肌腱炎perpatellar tendonitisbing病理性半脱位pathological subluxation病理性骨折pathological fracture并指(趾)畸形syndactylization并指(趾)形成syndactylybo剥脱骨折flake fracture剥脱性骨软骨炎osteochondritis dissecans,OCD 搏动性疼痛pulsating pain跛行claudication,limp马尾性跛行cauda equina claudicatiom间歇性跛行intermittent claudication ubu不动关节,关节融合synarthrosis(骨)不连接nonunion不全骨折infraction fracture不全脊柱裂partialis rachischisis不全麻痹incomplete paralysis,paresis迟缓性麻痹flaccid paresis不全强直partial ankylosis不全瘫痪incomplete paralysis不完全性骨折incomplete fracture不稳步态unsteady gait不稳定骨折unstable fracture不稳定脊柱损伤unstable spine injury布朗病Blount disease,tibia vara布罗迪脓肿Brodie’s abscessCcan残留半脱位residual subluxation残余足跟马蹄畸形residual heel equinus残肢residual limbchan产伤birth injury产伤性骨折birth fracture产伤性麻醉birth paralysischang长骨骨折long bone fracture长管状骨釉质细胞瘤admantinoma of long bone肠系膜上动脉综合征superior mesenteric artery syndrome 肠源性关节炎enteropathic arthritischen陈旧性骨折old fracture晨僵morning stiffnesscheng成骨不全osteogenesis imperfecta成骨性肉瘤osteogenic sarcoma成骨性纤维瘤osteogenic fibroma成骨性转移瘤osteoblastic metastasis成骨肿瘤bone-forming tumor成横纹肌细胞瘤rhabdomyoblastoma成肌细胞瘤myoblastoma成脊索细胞瘤chordoblastoma成角骨折angulated fracture成人获得性扁平足adult-acquired flatfoot成人脊柱侧凸adult scolosischi弛缓性不全麻痹flaccid paresis弛缓性麻痹flaccid palsy,flaccid paralysis迟发性佝偻病late rickets,rachitis tarda迟发性截瘫late onset paraplegia迟发性麻痹delayed palsy,tardy palsy匙状手spoon hand齿状突骨折dens fracture,fracture of dens,fracture of odontoid peg 耻骨骨炎osteitis pubis耻骨联合分离symphyseolysischu杵臼关节enarthrodial joint,enarthrosis杵状指clubbed fingerchuang创伤trauma高能量创伤high-energy trauma低能量创伤low energy trauma创伤后骨关节炎post traumatic osteoarthritis创伤后骨萎缩post traumatic atrophy of bone创伤后关节炎post traumatic arthritis创伤性滑囊炎traumatic bursitis创伤性神经症traumatic neurosis创伤性癔症hysterotraumatism创伤性枢椎滑脱traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis 创伤性寰-枢椎不稳Traumatic atlantoaxial unstableness 疮,溃疡sore褥疮bed sore,pressure sorechui垂足步态footdrop gait槌状指mallet finger槌状趾mallet toe锤状趾hammer toeci次发性骨骺骨软骨病vertebral osteochondrosisDda大粗隆滑囊炎trochanteric bursitis大块骨溶解症massive osteolysis大理石骨病marble bone diseasedai呆小病,克汀病cretinism代谢性骨病metabolic bone disease带锁髓内针interlocking medullary nailingdan单侧髁骨折hemicondylar fracture单侧髁囊肿solitary bone cyst,SBC单发性骨软骨瘤solitary osteochondroma单发性骨髓瘤solitary myeloma单发性肌炎monomyositis单骨性骨纤维异样增殖症monostotic fibrous dysplasia di骶骨发育不全sacral agenesis骶骨翼螺钉alar screw骶管裂sacral hiatus骶髂关节炎sacroiliitis骶髂劳损sacroiliac sprain骶尾部畸胎瘤sacrococcygeal teratoma第五腰椎骶化sacralization of fifth lumber vertebra第一腰椎骶化lumbarization of the first sacral vertebra 第一肋综合征first pha lanxdong动静脉瘤arteriovenous aneurysm动静脉瘘arteriovenous fistula,A VF动力性加压接骨板dynamic compression plate动力性髁部螺钉dynamic condylar screw动脉瘤样骨囊肿aneurismal bone cyst,ABC冻结肩,五十肩frozen shoulderduo多段骨折multisegmental facture多发骨折multiple fracture多发性骨端异样增殖症multiple epiphyseal dysplasia,MED 多发性骨骺发育异常multiple epiphyseal dysplasia多发性骨肉瘤multicentric osteosarcoma多发性骨髓瘤multiple myeloma,MM多发硬化症multiple sclerosis,MS多器官功能衰竭multiple organ failure,MOFEe鹅颈样畸形swan-neck deformity鹅足滑囊炎anserine bursitis恶性骨巨细胞瘤malignant giant cell tumor of bone恶性软骨母细胞瘤malignant chondroblastomaer儿童股骨头骨骺特发性骨坏死Legg-Calve-Perthes diseases,LCPFfan反复性脱位,习惯性脱位recurrence dislocation反跳现象rebound phenomenon泛发性纤维瘤病generalized fibromatosisfang放射痛radiating pain放射性骨坏死osteoradionecrosis放射性核素扫描radionuclide scanning放射性同位素扫描radioisotope scanningfei非特异性关节炎adjuvant arthritis肥大性肺性骨关节病Marie-Bamberger disease肥大性关节炎hypertrophic arthritis肥大性滑膜炎hypertrophic synovitis腓肠肌性马蹄足gastrocnemius equines腓骨肌痉挛性扁平足peroneal spastic flatfoot腓神经卡压综合征fibular common nerve entrapment syndrome 废用性萎缩disuse atrophyfeng风湿性多发性肌肉痛polymyalgia rheumatica风疹性关节炎rubella arthritis蜂窝组织炎cellulites,phlegmonfu浮髌试验ballottement of patella跗关节痛风性关节炎gouty arthritis of tarsal joints 跗舟骨骨折fracture of tarsus & scaphoid跗中关节脱位dislocation of midtarsal joint氟骨症fluorsisGgan感染性关节炎infectious arthritis感染性滑囊炎infective bursitis感染性腱鞘炎infective tenosynovitis干燥综合征sicca syndrome干骺端骨折fracture of metaphysis干骺端结核metaphyseal tuberculosis干骺端脓肿metaphyseal abscess干骺续连症metaphyseal aclasisgao高尔夫球肘Golfer's Elbow高弓内翻足cavovarus高弓外翻足cavovalgus高弓仰趾外翻cavocalcaneovalgusgen跟骨粗隆炎calcaneal apophysitis跟骨骨骺炎Haglund病跟骨刺heel spurs跟骨骨折fracture of calcaneus跟骨后滑囊炎retrocalcaneal bursitis跟腱炎achilles tendonitis跟腱破裂ruptured achilles tendon跟痛症painful conditions of the heel跟骨高压症high pressure of calcaneusgong肱骨髁上骨折supracondylar fracture of humerus肱骨内外上髁炎internal and external humeral epicondylitis gou佝偻病性驼背ricketic kyphosisgu孤立性骨囊肿simple bone cyst,unicameral bone cyst股骨髁上骨折supracondylar fracture of femur股骨髁部骨折condylar fracture of femoral股骨头无菌性坏死aseptic necrosis of femoral head,ANF 骨包虫病osteohydatidosis骨关节炎osteoarthritis骨骺分离epiphyseal separation骨化性肌炎myositis ossificans骨间前神经综合征anterior interroseous nerve syndrome ,AINS 骨筋膜间隙综合征osteofascial compartment syndrome骨巨细胞瘤giant cell tumor of bone骨软化症osteomalacia骨肿瘤bone tumors骨转移瘤 metastatic tumors involving bone钴铬钼锻造合金wrought cobalt chromium tungsten nickel alloy guan关节粘连脊椎炎ankylosing spondylitis关节软骨钙化症chondrocalcinosis articularis关节鼠,关节游离体joint mouse关节松弛症arthrodesis,arthrochalasis关节退行行变joint degenerationguo腘窝囊肿popliteal cyst (Baker’s cyst)过度外展综合征hyperabduction syndromeHha哈佛管haversian canal哈氏杆Harrington杆hou后纵韧带骨化ossification of posterior longtitudinal ligament,OPLL 厚皮性骨膜病pachydermoperiostosishua滑膜囊肿bursal cyst滑膜炎synovitis绒毛结节性滑膜炎villonodular synovitis色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎pigmented villondular synovitis,PVS滑囊炎bursal inflammation化脓性关节炎pyogenic arthritis化脓性滑膜炎septic bursitis化脓性脊椎炎pyogenic spondylitishuai踝剥脱性骨软骨炎talar osteochondritis dissecans踝部螺钉malleolar screws踝部扭伤ankle: sprain踝部骨折ankle fracture踝管综合征tarsal tunnel syndrome踝内侧副韧带损伤injury of medial collateral ligament踝外侧副韧带损伤injury of lateral collateral ligamenthuan寰枢椎半脱位atlantoaxial subluxation寰枕关节脱位atlantooccipital dislocation寰椎前后弓骨折Jefferson骨折huang黄韧带骨化ossification of yellow ligament , OYL黄色瘤病xanthomatosisJji肌腱骨止点炎症enthesitis肌腱炎myotenositis,tendonitis,tendinitis钙化性肌腱炎calcific tendinitis狭窄性腱鞘炎stenosing tendinitis肌肉萎缩症muscular dystrophy畸形性骨炎osteitis deformans (Paget病)急性创伤性关节血肿acute traumatic hemarthrosis急性骨髓炎acute osteomyelitis急性挥鞭式损伤acute whiplash injury急性缺血性挛缩acute ischemic contracture急性血源性骨髓炎acute hematogenous osteomyelitis 脊髓半侧横断综合征Brown-Sequard syndrome脊髓灰质炎poliomyelitis脊髓脊膜膨出myelomeningocele脊髓空洞症syringomyelia脊髓软化症myelomalacia脊髓神经根病myeloradiculopathy脊髓栓系综合征tethered cord syndrome脊髓型颈椎病cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM脊髓圆锥综合征conus medularis syndrome脊柱侧凸Scoliosis脊柱侧弯Scoliosis脊柱弓状后凸round kyphosis脊柱后凸kyphosis脊柱后弯Kyphosis脊柱角状后凸angular kyphosis脊柱狭窄Spinal Stenosis脊椎滑脱spondylolisthesis脊椎压缩骨折Compression Fracture of the Vertebrae脊椎化脓性骨髓炎pyogenic osteomyelitis of the vertebra 脊椎枢椎椎弓骨折hangman 骨折脊椎闭和不全dysraphism记忆合金memory alloyjia加压钢板compression plate加压拉力螺钉compression lag screw甲骨综合征,关节与甲发育不良onycho-osteodysplasia假恶性骨化性肌炎pseudomalignant myositis ossificans假关节false joint,pseudoarthrosisjian肩部凝肩frozen shoulder肩峰下滑囊炎subacromial bursitis肩关节前脱位anterior shoulder dislocation肩关节周围炎periarthritis scapulohumeralis肩手综合征hand-shoulder syndrome,shoulder-hand syndrome 肩锁关节脱位acromioclavicular dislocation肩袖完全撕裂complete tear of tendinous cuff肩撞击综合征impingement syndrome腱鞘囊肿ganglion腱周围炎,腱鞘炎peritendinitis间歇性跛行intermittent claudicationjiao交感神经型颈椎病sympathetic type of cervical spondylosis 交连螺钉cross-locking screwjie接骨板blade plate结核tuberculosis结核性滑囊炎tuberculous bursitis结核性脊椎炎tuberculous spondylitis结节病sarcoidosis解剖颈骨折fracture of anatomic neckjing颈肩综合征cervicobrachial syndrome颈肋综合征cervical rib syndrome颈颅综合征cervicocranial syndrome颈围领neck band颈椎病cervical spondylosis颈椎病性肌萎缩cervical spondylotic amyotrophy颈椎滑脱cervical spondylolisthesis,cervical spondylolysis颈椎间盘突出cervical prolapsed vertebral disc胫骨半肢症tibial hemimelia胫骨结节骨软骨炎Osgood-Schlatter病胫骨平台骨折tibial plateau fracture胫前间室综合征anterior tibial compartment syndrome痉挛性斜颈spasmodic torticollisju距骨撕脱骨折talar avulsion fracture距骨周围脱位peritalar dislocationKke髁部骨折condylar fracture髁间T形骨折intercondylar T fracture髁间Y形骨折intercondylar Y fracture髁接骨板condylar plate髁上髓内钉supracondylar derotational osteotomy可吸收螺钉bioabsorbable screwkong空心螺钉canulated screwkuan髋部骨折hip fracture髋关节hip,hip joint弹响髋snapping hip先天性髋关节脱位congenital dislocation of the hip,CDH 髋关节炎hip: arthritis of the hip髋关节和膝关节置换手术hip and knee replacementlao老年性骨质疏松症senile osteoporosis老年性强直性脊柱骨增殖症senile ankylosing hyperostosis (Forestier病)老年性驼背senile kyphosislei肋骨骨折fracture of rib肋软骨炎costal chondritis,costochondritis肋锁间神经卡亚征costoclavicular syndrome肋锁综合征costoclavicular syndrome泪珠状骨折teardrop fracture类风湿性关节炎rheumatoid arthritis,RAli梨状肌综合征piriformis syndromelian连痂关节flail joint连痂指flail digit连痂足flail footlie裂手cleft hand,split hand裂足cleft foot,split footlin淋病性足跟痛gonorrheal heel淋球菌性关节炎gonococcal septic arthritisliu流行性肌炎epidemic myositis六指畸形hexadactylylou漏斗胸chonechondrosternon,funnel breast,koilosternia颅底骨折basal skull fracture颅底陷入症basilar impression,basilar invagination颅骨软化craniotabesMma马蹄内翻足cavoequinovarus,talipes equinovarus马蹄外翻足equinovalgus talipes equinovalgus马尾综合征cauda equina syndromemei梅毒性干骺端炎syphilitic metaphysitis梅毒性骨炎osteitis syphilitica梅毒性关节炎syphilitic arthritis梅毒性滑囊炎luetic bursitismeng孟氏骨折Monteggia’s fracturemi弥漫性特发性骨肥大症diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis,DISH mo摩擦性尺神经炎friction neutitis of ulnar nerve摩擦性腱鞘炎friction tenosynovitis crepitant摩顿氏病(跖骨痛症)Morton’s disease姆囊炎bunion姆内翻hallux varus姆僵直hallux rigidus姆外翻hallux valgusNnan难治性佝偻病refractory rickets难治性疼痛,顽固性疼痛intractable painnang囊内骨折intracapsular fracture囊外骨折extracapsular fracture囊性脊柱裂spina bifida cysticanei内生软骨瘤病,Ollier氏病enchondromatosis,Olliser’s disease 内收骨折adduction fracturenian黏液瘤myxoma黏液囊肿mucocele碾挫骨折crush fracture碾挫综合征crush syndromeniao尿毒症性骨营养不良uraemic osteodystrophy尿黑酸尿关节炎alcaptonuric arthritisniu牛皮癣性关节炎arthropathia psoriatica,psoriatic arthritis,PA 扭转骨折torsional fracturePpao跑步者膝盖runner's kneepi皮肌炎dermatomyositis,DM皮下气肿aerodermectasia皮样囊肿dermoid cyst皮质骨螺钉cortical bone screw疲劳骨折fatigue fracture,stress fractureping平足,扁平足flatfoot腓骨肌痉挛性扁平足peroneal spastic flatfoot先天性扁平足congenital flatfootQqia髂耻滑囊炎iliopectineal bursitis髂骨致密性骨炎osteitis condensans ilium髂骨骨髓炎pyogenic osteomyelitis of the ilium髂窝脓肿iliac abscessqian前臂间室综合征forearm compartment syndrome前纵韧带骨化ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligment qiang强直性脊柱炎ankylosing spondylitis,spondylitis ankylopoietica 强直性痉挛titanic contractionqing青春期髋内翻(股骨头骨骺滑脱症) coax vara adolescentium青少年脊柱后凸adolescent kyphosis青少年特发性脊柱侧弯adolescent idiopathic scoliosis青枝骨折greenstick fracturequan全身纤维性骨炎osteitis fibrosa generalisata拳击手骨折boxer’s fracture拳击肘boxer’s elbowque缺血性骨不连avascular nonunion缺血性坏死avascular necrosis,ischemic necrosis股骨头缺血性坏死avascular necrosis of the femoral head缺血性挛缩ischemic contracturerao桡侧感觉神经压迫综合征radial sensory nerve entrapment syndrome 桡尺骨融合症radioulnar synostosis桡尺关节脱位radioulnar synostosis桡骨半肢症radial hemimelia桡骨茎突骨折,驾驶员骨折radial styloid fracture,chauffeur’s fracture 桡骨头半脱位,牵引肘Malgaigne’s luxation桡骨小头半脱位radial head subluxationruan软骨钙化症chondrocalcinosis软骨瘤cartilaginous tumor,chondroma软骨肉瘤chondrosarcoma软骨软化chondromalacia软骨退行性变cartilaginous degeneration软骨炎chondritis软骨营养不良chondrodystrophia,chondrodystrophy软骨游离体cartilaginous loose bodysan三踝骨折三角肌挛缩症deltoid contracture三翼钉Smith-Petersen nailshen神经根型颈椎病cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,CSR 神经嵌压症entrapment neuropathy神经疼痛性肌萎缩症neuralgic amyotrophy神经性关节功能障碍neuroarticular dysfunction神经源性跛行neurogenic claudicationshi石膏管型综合征cast syndrome石膏症,大理石骨病osteopetrosis食指姆指化pollicization of index finger蚀化性关节炎erosion arthritisshou手掌腱膜挛缩症Dupuytren contracture手足抽搐tetany手足徐动症athetosisshuang双踝骨折bimalleolar ankle fracture双髁骨折bicondylar fracturesi撕脱骨折avulsion fracturesong松质骨螺钉cancellous bone screwsui髓内钉nailing,intramedullary rod medullary nail髓内针medullary pinTtan弹响肩snapping弹响髋弹响膝弹响指tun臀大肌步态臀肌挛缩症臀中肌步态tuo骰骨骨折fracture of cuboid神经卡压综合征entrapment syndrome手骨折Hand Fracture手部腱鞘滑膜炎Hand: Tenosynoritis手指屈肌腱鞘炎tenosynovitis of hand flexor tendons 枢椎齿状突骨折odontoid process fracture四肢瘫tetraplegia quadriplegia锁骨骨折Fracture: ClavicleTrigger Finger 弹机状指弹性髓内针flexible medullary nails钛titanium瘫痪性脊柱后凸paralytic kyphosis腿、踝或脚肿胀Swollen Legs, Ankles, or Feet腕尺管综合征ulnar tunnel syndrome腕管综合症Carpal tunnel syndrome网球肘Tennis Elbow无菌性坏死Aseptic Necrosis膝韧带撕裂Knee: Torn Ligaments膝关节炎Knee: Arthritis膝关节痛Knee: Joint Pain膝劳损、退化与关节炎Knee Injury, Degeneration & Arthritis 膝关节痛与鞋子Knee Pain and Shoes膝关节置换术Knee Replacement:膝内侧副韧带损伤injury of medial collateral ligament of knee 膝内侧副韧带损伤injury of lateral collateral ligament of knee 膝前十字韧带损伤injury of anterior cruciate ligament of knee 膝后十字韧带损伤injury of posterior cruciate ligament of knee 峡部裂spondylolysis先天性高肩胛症Sprengel畸形先天性髋关节脱位congenital dislocation of hip先天性髋内翻congenital coxa varus先天性胫骨假关节congenital tibial pseudarthrosis先天性马蹄内翻足congenital talipes equinovalgus纤维组织肌痛Fibromyalgia小腿抽筋Leg Cramps胸廓出口综合征thoracic outlet syndrome胸椎管狭窄症thoracic stenosis胸椎后纵韧带骨化thoracic ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament TOPLL休门病Scheuermanns disease旋前圆肌综合征pronator syndrome旋转肌袖损伤Rotator Cuff Injury腰椎间盘突出症protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc腰椎间盘突出Lumbar Herniated Disc应力保护stress protection应力保护性骨萎缩stress protection atrophy应力集中stress concentration硬化性骨髓炎Garre’s osteomyelitis (sclerosing osteomyelitis)鹰嘴滑囊炎olecranon bursitis预防背痛Back Pain: Prevention原发性骨质疏松症primary osteoporosis爪状趾claw toe掌腱膜挛缩症Dupuytren’s contracture掌挛缩病Dupuytren Contracture跖骨骨折fracture of metatarsal跖跗关节脱位dislocation of tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc 脱位) 跖骨头骨软骨炎Kohler-Freiberg趾骨骨折fracture of digits脂肪栓塞综合征fat embolism syndrome FES脂肪脊髓脊膜膨出 lipomyelomeningocele椎间盘后凸Herniated Disk中央脊髓综合征central cord syndrome肘管综合征cubital tunnel syndrome自身加压接骨板 self compressing plate姿势性圆背postural round back足底筋膜炎Plantar Fasciitis足溃疡Foot: Ulcers足部骨折Fracture: Bones in the Foot足舟骨软骨炎Kohelr病坐骨结节滑囊炎ischiogluteal bursitis坐骨神经痛Sciatica。