HTML5参考手册(英文版)

TABLE A.1 HTML Global AttributesThe following attributes may be used with most HTML elementsGlobal Attribute Descriptionaccesskey For adding a keyboard shortcut to an elementaria-* For associating accessibility attribute values specified by WAI-ARIA class For identifying a set of elements in order to apply styles to them contenteditable For making the content of an element editablecontextmenu For identifying a contextual menu for an element (the value must be the same as a menu element’s id attribute)data-* For storing custom data that is private to the page or applicationdir For specifying the element’s text directiondraggable For making an element draggabledropzone For identifying an element as a place where draggable elements can be droppedevent For associating an element with a script (event is a placeholder for the actual event name) hidden For indicating that an element is not yet relevant or is no longer relevantid For identifying a particular element so that it can be linked to, styled, or scripted with JavaScript lang For specifying the language an element is written inrole For providing additional information to assistive devices about the role of an element as defined by WAI-ARIAspellcheck For indicating whether the content of an element should have its spelling and grammar checked style For adding local style sheet informationtabindex For defining the order in which the Tab key takes the visitor through elementstitle For labeling elements with tool tipsTABLE A.2 HTML Elements and AttributesElement/Attribute(s) Descriptiona For creating links and anchorshref For specifying the URL of a page or the name of an anchor that a link goes tohreflang For specifying the language of the linked resourcemedia For describing the media for which the target document was definedrel For identifying the nature of the linktarget For specifying the window or iframe where a link should opentype For noting a resource’s MIME typeabbr For explaining the meaning of abbreviations and acronymsaddress For identifying contact information for the nearest article or body element ancestor area For specifying the coordinates of image mapsaccesskey For adding a keyboard shortcut to a particular region of the mapalt For giving information about an areacoords For giving the coordinates of an area in an image maphref For specifying the destination URL of a link in an area of an image maphreflang For specifying the language of the linked resourcemedia For describing the media for which the target document was definedrel For identifying the kind of linkshape For specifying the shape of an area in an image maptarget For specifying the window or iframe where a link should openarticle For identifying a self-contained composition in a page that is in principle independently distributable or reusableaside For identifying a section of a page that consists of content that is tangentially related to the content around itaudio For embedding sound or audio in a pageautoplay For telling the browser to start playing the audio file as soon as it cancontrols For telling the browser to provide controls for the audio elementcrossorigin For setting cross-origin request credentialsloop For telling the audio file to start over without interruption upon reaching its end mediagroup For associating multiple media files togethermuted For controlling the default state of audio outputpreload For specifying whether the browser can begin downloading the audio file before the visitor starts playing itsrc For identifying the URL of the audio file to playb For identifying a span of text to which attention is being drawn for utilitarian purposes, without conveying any extra importance and with no implication of an alternate voice or moodbase For specifying the base URL of the pagehref For specifying the URL to be used to generate relative URLs target For specifying the default target for the links on the pagebdi For identifying a span of text that is to be isolated from its surroundings for the purposes of bidirectional text formattingdir For specifying text directionbdo For explicitly formatting the text direction of its content dir For specifying text directionblockquote For identifying a section quoted from another sourcecite For giving the URL of the sourcebody For enclosing the main content area of a pagebr For creating a line breakbutton For creating buttonsautofocus For specifying that the button is to be focused as soon as the page is loaded disabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current stateform For associating the element with a form that it is not a part offormaction Fo r overriding the form’s action attributeformenctype For overriding the form’s enctype attributeformmethod For overriding the form’s method attributeformnovalidate For overriding the form’s novalidate attributeformtarget For overriding the form’s target attributename For identifying the data sent with a button, or for identifying the button itself (perhaps for a JavaScript function)type For using the button in a form elementvalue For specifying the data that should be submitted when the button is clickedcanvas To provide scripts with a resolution-dependent bitmap canvas for rendering graphics on the flywidth, height For specifying the size of the canvascaption For creating a caption for a tablecite For marking text as a citationcode For marking text as computer codecol For joining columns in a table into a non-structural groupspan For specifying the number of columns in a column groupcolgroup For joining columns in a table into a structural column groupspan For specifying the number of columns in a column groupcommand For representing a command the user can invoke, such as defining a keyboard command checked For indicating the checked s tate of the command (if the command type is “checkbox” or “radio”) disabled For indicating that the command is not available in the current stateicon For providing an image that represents the commandlabel For showing the name of the command to the userradiogroup For identifying the radio buttons that will be toggled when the command is toggled (if the command type is “radio”)type For indicating the type of commanddatalist To contain a group of option elements that represent a predefined set of options for another form controldd For marking a definition in a listdetails For creating a disclosure widget from which the visitor can obtain additional information or controls open For specifying whether the element is open or closed by defaultdel To mark deleted textcite For referencing a URL that explains the changedatetime For specifying the time and date of the changedfn For specifying the defining instance of a termtitle For providing the definition of the termdiv For dividing a page into block-level sectionsdl For creating a definition listdt For marking a term to be defined in a listem To mark text that has stress emphasisembed For adding multimediasrc For specifying the URL of a multimedia filetype For identifying the MIME type of the multimedia filewidth, height For specifying the size of the embedded multimedia playerfieldset For grouping a set of form elements togetherdisabled For disabling all form controls within the fieldsetform For associating the element with a form that it is not a part ofname For providing the fieldset with a name for use laterfigcaption For identifying a caption or legend for the contents of its parent figure elementfigure For identifying content that is referenced within the main flow of the document but that could be moved elsewhere without affecting the flow of the documentfooter For identifying a footer for the nearest ancestor body,section, article, or aside element form For designating a form to collect data for submissionaccept-charset For identifying the character encoding to be used with the form submission (defaults to the page’s character set)action For giving the URL of the script that will process the form dataautocomplete For preventing the browser from providing/remembering autocompletion values when the attribute is set to “off” (the default is “on”; that is, autocompletion is allowed by default)enctype For making sure files are sent to the server in the proper format method For specifying how data should be sent to the servername For providing the form with a name for use laternovalidate For allowing the form to be submitted without validationtarget For identifying the target window or iframe of the form’s s ubmission h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6For creating headingshead For creating the head section, which contains information about the page, including the title, author, keywords, style sheets, and scriptsheader For identifying a group of introductory content or navigational aidshgroup For identifying the heading of a section when a heading has multiple levelshr For identifying a paragraph-level thematic breakhtml For identifying a text document as an HTML documentmanifest For specifying an application cache manifest that is used when the page is offlinei For marking a span of text that is in an alternate voice or mood or that is otherwise offset from the normal prose in a manner indicating a different quality of textiframe For creating a nested browsing contextname For specifying the name of the iframe, to be used as a targetsandbox For specifying additional restrictions on the content of the iframe, for security purposes seamless For specifying whether the iframe should appear to be part of the containing page src For specifying the URL of the initial pagesrcdoc For specifying the URL of the initial pagewidth, height For specifying the size of the iframeimg For inserting images on a pagealt For offering alternate text that is displayed if the image is not and that is for users of assistive devicescrossorigin For allowing images from third-party sites (that allow cross-origin access) to be used with the canvas elementismap For indicating that the element provides access to a server-side image map (the element must be a descendant of an a element)src For specifying the URL of an imageusemap For specifying the client-side image map that should be used with the referenced image width, height For specifying the size of an image so that the page is loaded more quickly, or for scaling input For creating form elementsaccept For informing the browser what file types will be accepted if the input type is “file”alt For providing a textual alternate if the input type is “image”autocomplete For preventing the browser from providing/remembering autocompletion values when the attribute is set to “off” (the default is “on”; that is, autocompletion is allowed by default)autofocus For specifying that the input is to be focused as soon as the page is loadedchecked For marking a radio button or checkbox by defaultdirname For identifying the direction of the entered textdisabled For indicating that the input is not available in the current stateform For associating the element with a form that it is not a part offormaction For overriding the form’s action attributeformenctype For overriding the form’s enctype attributeformmethod For overriding the form’s method attributeformnovalidate For overriding the form’s novalidate attributeformtarget For overriding the form’s target attributelist For associating the input with a datalistmax, min For indicating the input element’s allowed range of valuesmaxlength For specifying the maximum number of characters that can be entered in an input element multiple For specifying whether the user can be allowed to enter more than one valuename For identifying data collected by an elementpattern For providing a reg ular expression against which the input element’s value is checked placeholder For providing a hint to aid in data entryreadonly For keeping visitors from changing certain form elementsrequired For identifying that the element must not be blank to submit the form (not allowed when the input type is “hidden,” “image,” or some button types)size For specifying the length of a text or password boxsrc For specifying the URL of an active imagestep For controlling the granularity and specificity of allowed valuestype For specifying if a form element is a text box, password box, radio button, checkbox, hidden field, submit button, reset button, active image, date/time box, number box, or color box; for selecting from a range of values; or for entering a telephone number, email address, or set of search termsvalue For specifying the default data in a form elementwidth, height For specifying the dimensions of the input (only allowed when the input type is “image”) ins For marking an addition to the documentcite For referencing a URL that explains the changedatetime For specifying the time and date of the changekbd For marking user inputkeygen For generating a public and private key pairautofocus For specifying that the keygen element is to be focused as soon as the page is loaded challenge For generating a challenge to go along with the key pairdisabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current stateform For associating the element with a form that it is not a part ofkeytype For identifying the kind of key pair to be generatedname For identifying the data that is gatheredlabel For labeling form elementsfor For specifying which form element the label belongs toform For associating the element with a form that it is not a part oflegend For labeling fieldsetsli For creating a list itemvalue For determining the initial value of the list item (if it is the child of an ol)link For linking to an external style sheet or other external resourcehref For specifying the URL of the resourcehreflang For specifying the language of the linked resourcemedia For defining a style sheet’s targeted media types and/or media featuresrel For identifying the kind of linksizes For identifying the size of the referenced icon (for use only when the rel attribute is “icon”) title For labeling an alternate style sheet or other resourcetype For noting a resource’s MIME type (only required if the link type is not “text/css”)map For creating a client-side image mapname For naming a map so it can be referenced latermark For highlighting text for reference purposes due to its relevance in another contextmath For embedding MathML in the pagemenu For containing a list of commandslabel For labeling the menutype For identifying the kind of menu being used: “context,” “list” (default), or “toolbar”meta For associating various kinds of metadata with the pagecharset For identifying the character encoding of the page itselfcontent For adding extra information about the page itselfhttp-equiv For creating automatic jumps to other pages, setting the default scripting language, and declaring the character encodingname For identifying extra information about the pagemeter For representing a measurement within a known rangehigh, low For sp ecifying a range of values as being “high” or “low”max, min For identifying the maximum and minimum allowable valuesname For identifying the data that is gatheredoptimum For identifying the optimum valuevalue For indicating the current value of the meter (required)nav For identifying a section of a page that links to other pages or to parts within the page noscript For providing alternatives to scriptsobject For embedding objects in Web pagesdata For identifying the source of the multimedia file to be embeddedform For associating the element with a form that it is not a part ofname For identifying the object (e.g., so it can be scripted)type For noting the object’s MIME typetypemustmatch For indicating that the resource specified in the object’s data attribute must have the same MIME type as identified in the object’s type attribute (allowed only if the object’s data and type are both specified)usemap For indicating whether the object has an associated image map width, height For specifying the dimensions of the object’s boxol For creating ordered listsreversed For specifying whether the list is descending (. . . , 3, 2, 1)start For specifying the initial value of the first list itemtype For specifying the kind of numerals that should begin each list itemoptgroup For grouping a set of option elements under a common label within a select element disabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current statelabel For labeling the group of optionsoption For creating the individual options in a select or datalist element disabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current statelabel For specifying how the option should appear in the menuselected For making a menu option be selected by default in a blank formvalue For specifying the initial value of a menu optionoutput For representing the result of a calculationfor For creating an explicit association between the result of a calculation and the values that went into the calculationform For associating the element with a form that it is not a part of name For identifying the data that is gatheredp For creating a paragraphparam For setting properties of an objectname For identifying the kind of propertyvalue For setting the value of the named propertypre For representing a block of preformatted textprogress For identifying the completion progress of a task max Must be a valid floating-point number greater than zero (if present)value Must be a valid floating-point number equal to or greater than zero (and less than or equal to the value of the max attribute, if it is present)q For quoting short passages from another source cite For giving the URL of the source of the quoterp For providing parentheses around a ruby text component of a ruby annotation in browsers that don’t support ruby annotationsrt For marking the ruby text component of a ruby text annotationruby For allowing text to be marked up with ruby annotationss For identifying text that is no longer accurate or no longer relevant samp For representing sample output from a program or computing system script For adding “automatic” scripts to a pageasync For influencing script loading and executioncharset For specifying the character set an external script is written indefer For influencing script loading and executionsrc For referencing an external scripttype For specifying the scripting language the script is written in (only required if the script type is not “text/javascript”)section For identifying a section of a documentselect For creating form control for selecting from a set of optionsautofocus For specifying that the select element is to be focused as soon as the page is loaded disabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current stateform For associating the element with a form that it is not a part ofmultiple For allowing users to choose more than one option in the menuname For identifying the data collected by the menurequired For identifying that the user must select one of the options in order to submit the form (the first child option element must be a placeholder or an empty value)size For specifying the number of items initially visible in the menu (and for displaying the menu as a list)small For representing side comments such as small printsource For identifying multiple alternative media resources within an audio or video element crossorigin For setting cross-origin request credentialsmedia For identifying the intended media type of the resourcesrc For identifying the URL of the audio or video file to playtype For noting a resource’s MIME typespan For wrapping content in an element that has no intrinsic semantic meaningstrong For indicating strong importance of the element’s contentstyle For embedding style information in a pagemedia For indicating a style sheet’s purposescoped For applying styles only to the descendants of the element’s parenttype For indicating a style sheet’s MIME type (only required if the style type is not “text/css”) sub For creating subscriptssummary For identifying a summary, caption, or legend for the contents of its parent details element sup For creating superscriptssvg For embedding Scalable Vector Graphics in the pagetable For creating tablestbody For identifying the body of the table; in contrast with the header (thead) or footer (tfoot) td, th For creating regular and header cells, respectively, in a tablecolspan For spanning a cell across more than one columnrowspan For spanning a cell across more than one rowscope For identifying to which rows, columns, rowgroups, or columngroups a th applies textarea For creating text block entry areas in a formautofocus For specifying that the text area is to be focused as soon as the page is loadeddirname For identifying the direction of the entered textdisabled For indicating that the element is not available in the current stateform For associating the element with a form that it is not a part ofmaxlength For specifying the maximum number of characters that can be entered in a textarea name For identifying the data that is gathered with the text blockplaceholder For providing a hint to aid in data entryreadonly For protecting a text area’s contentsrequired For indicating that the element must not be blank in order to submit the formrows, cols For specifying the number of rows and columns in the text blockwrap For specifying the use of soft or hard wraps when content of field is submittedtfoot, thead For identifying the footer and header area of a tabletime For specifying a date, a time, or bothdatetime For providing a machine-readable version of the time or date expressed in the element’s text pubdate For specifying the publication date and time of the element’s ancestor article or body element title For creating the title of the page (required)tr For creating rows in a tabletrack For specifying external timed text tracks for the parent audio or video element default For indicating which track is the defaultkind For identifying whether the track is “subtitles,” “captions,” “descriptions,” “chapters,” or “metadata”label For providing a user-readable name for the track src For identifying the URL of the track’s data srclang For identifying the language of the track’s datau For displaying a span of text with an unarticulated, though explicitly rendered, non-textual annotationul For creating unordered listsvar For marking text as a variable namevideo For embedding videos, movies, and captioned audio filesautoplay For telling the browser to start playing the video file as soon as it cancontrols For telling the browser to provide controls for the video elementcrossorigin For setting cross-origin request credentialsloop For telling the video file to start over without interruption upon reaching its end mediagroup For associating multiple media files togethermuted For controlling the default state of audio outputposter For specifying the URL of an image to use as a placeholder while media loads, or in case of an error loadingpreload For specifying whether the browser can begin downloading the media file before the visitor starts playing itsrc For identifying the URL of the video file to play width, height For specifying the dimensions of the video wbr。