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Eco-feminism Reflected in The Bluest Eye I. Brief introduction of the authorIn 1993，a black woman took off the crown of Nobel Prize for literature. She is Toni Morrison, who is the first black women writer in the history of America. Her works, most conce rned with black female’s life, spiritual world and destiny, root deeply in the reality of the black human beings searching for living space and self- identity under the pressure of the white human beings values. Morrison, therefore, gained high praise in the literature for her great literary and artistic talent and unique, deep description of American black females’ lives.Her first novel The Bluest Eye was published in 1970,which made her become famous .then she published six major novels—Sula (1973), Song of Solomon(1977), Tar Baby(1981), Beloved(1987),Jazz(1992) and Paradise(1998), Toni Morrison has placed black women’s existence, feelings, life and experience as her major theme. She fought for these human beings who are at the marginal status. Throughout her writing career, Morrison devoted all her creative contributions to the black.II. Brief introduction of the novelThe 1960s “Black is Beautiful” movement has a deep influence on The Bluest Eye. Toni Morrison sets the story of The Bluest Eye at a time when black people are denied by powerful white society.In the novel , Morrison mold many characters of black women .The heroin is a little black girl called Pecola who needs blue eyes and believes white are beautiful, but the story is a nightmare for her asking for blue eyes and as a result, she is insane. Pecola has a wrong perception of herself longing for white beauty. She believes she is ugly. She believes if she had bluest eyes, she would be loved by her parents, her classmates and all the others. Finally, she begins to lose the black identity and owns the beautiful big blue eyes which only she can see. The narrator is another black girl called Claudia, who is completely different from Pecola and who searches for her own values. Eventually, on one hand, the braveblack women are the survivals; on the other hand, the pursuit of false self-identity ends as a tragedy.With the development of the literary criticism, the scholars study Morrison and her works mainly with the theory of the psychoanalytic, the postcolonial, the deconstruction, feminism and so on. What I will use is the eco-feminism, which connected tightly with the nature.III. My own insightPecola, was ruined, by whom? Those black boys? The white stars? Her father, Cholly? Actually it was because of the social system, the value system and the aesthetic standard with the social discrimination came into being in America. That’s the root of Pecola’s tragedy. In fact, black people have their own culture and values. If they can stick to and live with their own culture, the tragedy may be avoided. This innocent girl should have lived happily under the black people culture.There is another vital reason to cause the tragedy of her. It is that she is full of cowardice and doesn’t have a str ong faith. When she was conscious, she was torturous. She wants to be loved. Maybe somebody will say that the tragedy is because of her terrible family. But there are still some people treat her good and give her love such as Claudia, Frieda ,their mother and three cynical whores. But her weak heart can only see those bad things on her. So self-destroyed is also an important factor. What a satire, illusion becomes a person’s savior. On the contrary, Claudia chooses a different way. The doll which was given to Claudia as birthday present was a white girl, white skin and a pair of big blue eyes. She tears the doll and hates them. She never despised herself. So she is the real survivor.IV. Combined with eco-feminismEco-feminism is the social movement that regards the oppression of women and nature as interconnected. It is one of the few movements and analyses that actually connect two movements. More recently, ecofeminist theorists have extended their analyses to consider theinterconnections between sexism, the domination of nature (including animals), and also racism and social inequalities. Consequently it is now better understood as a movement working against the interconnected oppressions of gender, race, class and nature.Ecofeminists explore the intersectionality between sexism, the domination of nature, racism, speciesism, and other characteristics of social inequality.Morrison uses various views to tell the relations of human and nature, men and women, and complicated different racial cultures，so the ecofeminism will lead a better understanding of her work, the bluest eye. Now I will mainly talk about the relations of natural images and black female.1.Four seasonsAs for harmony between man and nature, Morrison chooses a very representativeness image that is the changeable season. Morrison connects this kind of change with the sufferings of the black girl, thereby, sets off the contradictions, conflicts and misfortune that black women has suffered under the white culture. The author Use the four seasons as the mainly natural image, is on the purpose to tell that black women ‘s tragic fate is just like the cycle of the seasons ,inevitable and independent of man's will .,at the same time it deeply reveal the source of the social culture that brings the pains to the black women. What should we pay more attention, also is most different from others, is that Morrion changes the order of the seasons as autumn, winter, spring and summer .this reverse trick not only implies the white press their values and standard of beauty on the blavk , but also symbolize the reverse of the truth and disorder of the women’s fate. What’s more, it reve als that if the black accept the extremist ideas and life style of the white, they would lose themselves and get the mental distortion.Autumn should be a harvest time. Pecola gets ministration and turn to be mature and want to be loved. But what she gets? Her family is totally mass, parents quarrel and fight every day and nobody payattention to her. She also becomes the laughing stock of others around her. People think she is too ugly because of the deep dark color. And her own kinds also curse and mock her. This merciless world has hurt the girl deeply. unkind winter is coming, the pains are going on, the boys mock her with “black e mo black e mo, your daddy sleeps nicked”, and the new girl in school named Maureen peal who is loved by all others also strike her heart with full malice. To make things worse, the spring is coming.springshould be a lively season with hope, but totally different, her mother completely ignores her and do best to the white girl. Her biological father, rapes her, which destroys her to the full. When the lovely summer is coming, she gives a dead baby. Just like the society refuse this innocent life. Four seasons won’t stop here. It will circle again and again, pains will Increase endless.2.MarigoldsMarigolds, is the symbol of hope and life. Claudia and Frieda seed the marigolds but “there were no marigolds. That it was because Pecola was having her father’s baby that the marigolds didn’t grow.” “It never occurred to either of us that the earth itself might have been unyielding.” Mari golds are tied up with the women’s destiny. They are beautiful .the nature and women both have the ability to give birth but they are oppressed. Marigolds didn’t grow, not the only ones did not sprout, and nobody’s did. We can see the whole land of the bla ck are sacrifice of the violence and oppression of white racial and culture. Pecola is just a representive; the dead baby is the death of hope.3.DandelionsDandelions, at first pecola thinks they are beautiful and love them, but people treat it as weeds and think it is ugly. Her heart melted with pity of them. She shows her love for nature. As for the black women they are also beautiful and are a part of nature. She doesn’t know why she is ugly. She has the sense of herself. But others think she is ugly .after the cold eyes of the host of grocery store, she think dandelions are most ugly weeds. She also lost herself. Her view has transferred gradually . She feelsashamed for herself. It equals that she give up the nature and also herself. We can see how harmful the injustice society, just like poison corrupt the innocent heart of the black.4.CatAnimals are also parts of the nature. In the story, there is a innocent cat which is also has a tragedy ending just like pecola .Cats and women, are all disadvantaged groups and have the familiar fate..it was a cat of Geraldine .But her son Junior hates it very much and bully Pecola with the cat. Both of the cat and Pecola was the weaker that are teased and persecuted by the boy. Finally the cat died. The innocent life is dead.References:［1］梁志健．自然意象在《最蓝的眼睛》中的象征意义［J］．湖北教育学院学报，2007，［2］王晓春．《最蓝的眼睛》———精神生态困境下的悲剧与解救［J］．文学教育，2008，( 11) ．［3］Eco-feminism 维基百科。
The Bluest Eye 教案第一章：简介与背景1.1 课程目标：了解并欣赏Toni Morrison的作品《最蓝的眼睛》分析作品的背景和文化意义培养对多元文化的理解和尊重1.2 教学内容：介绍Toni Morrison及其作品《最蓝的眼睛》探讨小说的主题和背景分析小说的结构和风格1.3 教学方法：讲座和讨论相结合的方式，引导学生了解作品的背景和文化意义分析小说的结构和风格，引导学生深入理解作品第二章：人物与情节2.1 课程目标：分析小说中的主要人物和他们的关系理解情节的发展和转折点培养对人物内心世界的理解和同情心2.2 教学内容：分析小说中的主要人物，包括Pecola、Mary Agnes和Chloe等探讨人物之间的关系和发展理解情节的转折点和主题的呈现2.3 教学方法：小组讨论和角色扮演，引导学生深入理解人物的性格和动机分析情节的发展和转折点，引导学生理解主题的呈现第三章：主题与象征3.1 课程目标：分析小说的主题和象征意义理解作品对社会现实的批判和反思培养对自我认同和自尊的思考和探讨3.2 教学内容：分析小说的主题，包括对美的追求、种族歧视和贫困等探讨作品中的象征意义，如最蓝的眼睛的象征意义引导学生思考作品对社会现实的批判和反思3.3 教学方法：小组讨论和写作练习，引导学生深入理解主题和象征意义分析作品对社会现实的批判和反思，引导学生思考自我认同和自尊的重要性第四章：文学手法与风格4.1 课程目标：分析小说的文学手法和风格理解作者的叙事技巧和语言特色培养对文学作品的欣赏和评价能力4.2 教学内容：分析小说的叙事技巧，如视角的转换和时间的跳跃等探讨小说的语言特色，如描述、对话和内心独白等引导学生欣赏和评价作者的文学手法和风格4.3 教学方法：小组讨论和写作练习，引导学生深入理解文学手法和风格分析作者的叙事技巧和语言特色，引导学生欣赏和评价作品第五章：批判性思维与讨论5.1 课程目标：培养学生的批判性思维能力引导学生对小说中的主题和情节进行深入讨论培养学生的综合分析和批判能力5.2 教学内容：引导学生对小说中的主题和情节进行深入讨论分析小说中的社会问题和文化冲突引导学生思考作品对现实社会的启示和影响5.3 教学方法：小组讨论和口头报告，引导学生深入理解和批判作品分析社会问题和文化冲突，引导学生思考作品对现实社会的启示和影响第六章：性别与身份6.1 课程目标：分析小说中性别角色和身份认同的主题探讨小说中女性角色的自主性和束缚培养学生对性别平等和多元身份的认识6.2 教学内容：分析小说中女性角色的形象和塑造探讨性别角色对人物命运的影响引导学生思考身份认同与个人成长的关系6.3 教学方法：小组讨论和角色扮演，引导学生深入理解女性角色的自主性和束缚分析性别角色和身份认同的主题，引导学生思考现实生活中的性别平等和多元身份认同问题第七章：家庭与社区7.1 课程目标：分析小说中家庭和社区的关系和影响探讨家庭结构对人物成长的影响培养学生对家庭和社区支持的重视7.2 教学内容：分析小说中家庭关系和社区环境的描绘探讨家庭破裂和社区压迫对人物命运的影响引导学生思考家庭和社区对个人成长的支持和影响7.3 教学方法：小组讨论和案例分析，引导学生深入理解家庭和社区的关系和影响分析家庭结构和支持系统对人物成长的影响，引导学生思考现实生活中的家庭和社区支持的重要性第八章：艺术与美的追求8.1 课程目标：分析小说中艺术和美的追求的主题探讨小说中对美的标准和价值观的批判培养学生对艺术和美的理解和欣赏能力8.2 教学内容：分析小说中艺术创作和美的追求的描写探讨美的标准和价值观的批判和反思引导学生思考个人对艺术和美的追求的意义和价值8.3 教学方法：小组讨论和创作练习，引导学生深入理解艺术和美的追求的主题分析美的标准和价值观的批判，引导学生思考个人对艺术和美的追求的意义和价值第九章：心理与社会的影响9.1 课程目标：分析小说中人物心理和社会环境的相互影响探讨小说中人物的心理变化和社会压力的关系培养学生对心理健康和社会适应的认识和关注9.2 教学内容：分析小说中人物心理的描写和社会环境的背景探讨人物的心理变化和社会压力的相互作用引导学生思考心理健康和社会适应的重要性9.3 教学方法：小组讨论和心理测试，引导学生深入理解人物心理和社会环境的相互影响分析人物的心理变化和社会压力的关系，引导学生关注心理健康和社会适应的重要性第十章：综合讨论与反思10.1 课程目标：培养学生对小说整体理解和批判性思维能力引导学生对小说中的主题和情节进行综合讨论和反思培养学生对文学作品的社会意义和现实影响的思考10.2 教学内容：引导学生对小说中的主题和情节进行综合讨论和反思分析小说中的社会问题和文化冲突的解决方案引导学生思考文学作品对社会现实的影响和启示10.3 教学方法：小组讨论和口头报告，引导学生深入理解和反思作品分析社会问题和文化冲突的解决方案，引导学生思考作品对社会现实的影响和启示重点解析理解Toni Morrison及其作品《最蓝的眼睛》的背景和文化意义分析小说中的主要人物、情节、主题和象征意义探讨小说中的性别角色、家庭和社区关系、艺术和美的追求、心理与社会的影响等议题培养学生对文学作品的理解、欣赏和批判性思维能力引导学生思考文学作品对社会现实的影响和启示引导学生关注家庭支持、心理健康、身份认同、性别平等和多元文化等重要议题。
《最蓝的眼睛》———托尼·莫里森与生态女性主义的共鸣曹小菁内容提要：论文旨在揭示《最蓝的眼睛》与生态女性主义的共鸣。
首先简介了作者、小说、生态女性主义、对莫里森的生态女性主义研究。
《最蓝的眼睛》与生态女性主义都根源于生产力的工业化要求；在思想内涵上将自然与女性联系，反对二元式思维，提倡平等；都有颠覆与创新之处，小说的悲惨、女童的疯癫，达成文学史上的新高。
《最蓝的眼睛》就是莫里森的一曲生态女性主义高歌，而生态女性主义正是莫里森《最蓝的眼睛》的深刻思想主张。
关键词：《最蓝的眼睛》生态女性主义莫里森作者简介：曹小菁，西安外国语大学讲师，主要研究方向为英美文学。
此文系以下课题的研究成果：2009年衡阳市社科联“人与自然的异化及文学中的生态马克思主义思想———兼论衡阳生态文明建设之思考”【项目编号：2009D10】；2010年南华大学“生态女性主义穿越时空———由莎剧至20世纪英美经典小说”【项目编号：B3004】；2011年湖南省高校科研项目【项目编号：青年项目】“资本主义现代性下的非理性体验—战后二十年美国小说中的疯癫研究”【项目编号：11B109】。
Title：The Bluest Eye—A Coincidence between Toni Morrison and EcofeminismAbstract：This thesis aims to reveal the relationship between The Bluest Eye and eco-feminism．The thesis in-troducing Toni Morrison，the novel itself，eco－feminism，and the eco-feminist studies of Morrison．The thesis goes on to explore the relationship between The Bluest Eye and eco-feminism through such aspects as social background，ideological content，and subversiveness or originality．Eco-feminism is the ideology of The Bluest Eye，an eco-feminist song sung by Morrison．Key words：The Bluest Eye eco-feminism MorrisonAuthor：Cao Xiaojing is a lecturer at the higher vocational college inxi’an International Studies University （Xi’an710128，China）．Her research interest is English and America Literature．Email：Laurel430@126．com托尼·莫里森（又译托妮·莫瑞森）（1931－），原名克娄·安东妮·沃福德，继美国女作家赛珍珠之后于1993年荣膺诺贝尔文学奖，是迄今唯一获此殊荣的美国黑人女作家，第三次黑色浪潮的璀璨新星。
Eco-feminism Reflected in The Bluest EyeI. Brief introduction of the authorIn 1993，a black woman took off the crown of Nobel Prize for literature. She is Toni Morrison, who is the first black women writer in the history of America. Her works, most conce rned with black female‟s life, spiritual world and destiny, root deeply in the reality of the black human beings searching for living space and self- identity under the pressure of the white human beings values. Morrison, therefore, gained high praise in the literature for her great literary and artistic talent and unique, deep description of American black females‟ lives.Her first novel The Bluest Eye was published in 1970,which made her become famous .then she published six major novels—Sula (1973), Song of Solomon(1977), Tar Baby(1981), Beloved(1987),Jazz(1992) and Paradise(1998), Toni Morrison has placed black women‟s existence, feelings, life and experience as her major theme. She fought for these human beings who are at the marginal status. Throughout her writing career, Morrison devoted all her creative contributions to the black.II. Brief introduction of the novelThe 1960s “Black is Beautiful” movement has a deep influence on The Bluest Eye. Toni Morrison sets the story of The Bluest Eye at a time when black people are denied by powerful white society.In the novel , Morrison mold many characters of black women .The heroin is a little black girl called Pecola who needs blue eyes and believes white are beautiful, but the story is a nightmare for her asking for blue eyes and as a result, she is insane. Pecola has a wrong perception of herself longing for white beauty. She believes she is ugly. She believes if she had bluest eyes, she would be loved by her parents, her classmates and all the others. Finally, she begins to lose the black identity and owns the beautiful big blue eyes which only she can see. The narrator is another black girl called Claudia, who is completely different from Pecola and who searches for her own values. Eventually, on one hand, the braveblack women are the survivals; on the other hand, the pursuit of false self-identity ends as a tragedy.With the development of the literary criticism, the scholars study Morrison and her works mainly with the theory of the psychoanalytic, the postcolonial, the deconstruction, feminism and so on. What I will use is the eco-feminism, which connected tightly with the nature.III. My own insightPecola, was ruined, by whom? Those black boys? The white stars? Her father, Cholly? Actually it was because of the social system, the value system and the aesthetic standard with the social discrimination came into being in America. That‟s the root of Pecola‟s tragedy. In fact, black people have their own culture and values. If they can stick to and live with their own culture, the tragedy may be avoided. This innocent girl should have lived happily under the black people culture.There is another vital reason to cause the tragedy of her. It is that she is full of cowardice and doesn‟t have a str ong faith. When she was conscious, she was torturous. She wants to be loved. Maybe somebody will say that the tragedy is because of her terrible family. But there are still some people treat her good and give her love such as Claudia, Frieda ,their mother and three cynical whores. But her weak heart can only see those bad things on her. So self-destroyed is also an important factor. What a satire, illusion becomes a person‟s savior. On the contrary, Claudia chooses a different way. The doll which was given to Claudia as birthday present was a white girl, white skin and a pair of big blue eyes. She tears the doll and hates them. She never despised herself. So she is the real survivor.IV. Combined with eco-feminismEco-feminism is the social movement that regards the oppression of women and nature as interconnected. It is one of the few movements and analyses that actually connect two movements. More recently, ecofeminist theorists have extended their analyses to consider theinterconnections between sexism, the domination of nature (including animals), and also racism and social inequalities. Consequently it is now better understood as a movement working against the interconnected oppressions of gender, race, class and nature.Ecofeminists explore the intersectionality between sexism, the domination of nature, racism, speciesism, and other characteristics of social inequality.Morrison uses various views to tell the relations of human and nature, men and women, and complicated different racial cultures，so the ecofeminism will lead a better understanding of her work, the bluest eye. Now I will mainly talk about the relations of natural images and black female.1.Four seasonsAs for harmony between man and nature, Morrison chooses a very representativeness image that is the changeable season. Morrison connects this kind of change with the sufferings of the black girl, thereby, sets off the contradictions, conflicts and misfortune that black women has suffered under the white culture. The author Use the four seasons as the mainly natural image, is on the purpose to tell that black women …s tragic fate is just like the cycle of the seasons ,inevitable and independent of man's will .,at the same time it deeply reveal the source of the social culture that brings the pains to the black women. What should we pay more attention, also is most different from others, is that Morrion changes the order of the seasons as autumn, winter, spring and summer .this reverse trick not only implies the white press their values and standard of beauty on the blavk , but also symbolize the reverse of the truth and disorder of the women‟s fate. What‟s more, it reveals t hat if the black accept the extremist ideas and life style of the white, they would lose themselves and get the mental distortion.Autumn should be a harvest time. Pecola gets ministration and turn to be mature and want to be loved. But what she gets? Her family is totally mass, parents quarrel and fight every day and nobody payattention to her. She also becomes the laughing stock of others around her. People think she is too ugly because of the deep dark color. And her own kinds also curse and mock her. This merciless world has hurt the girl deeply. unkind winter is coming, the pains are going on, the boys mock her with “black e mo black e mo, your daddy sleeps nicked”, and the new girl in school named Maureen peal who is loved by all others also strike her heart with full malice. To make things worse, the spring is coming.springshould be a lively season with hope, but totally different, her mother completely ignores her and do best to the white girl. Her biological father, rapes her, which destroys her to the full. When the lovely summer is coming, she gives a dead baby. Just like the society refuse this innocent life. Four seasons won‟t stop here. It will circle again and again, pains will Increase endless.2.MarigoldsMarigolds, is the symbol of hope and life. Claudia and Frieda seed the marigolds but “there were no marigolds. That it was because Pecola was having her father‟s baby that the marigolds didn‟t grow.” “It never occurred to either of us that the earth itself might have been unyielding.” Marigolds are tied up with the women‟s destiny. They are beautiful .the nature and women both have the ability to give birth but they are oppressed. Marigolds didn‟t grow, not the only ones did not sprout, and nobody‟s did. We can see the whole land of the black ar e sacrifice of the violence and oppression of white racial and culture. Pecola is just a representive; the dead baby is the death of hope.3.DandelionsDandelions, at first pecola thinks they are beautiful and love them, but people treat it as weeds and think it is ugly. Her heart melted with pity of them. She shows her love for nature. As for the black women they are also beautiful and are a part of nature. She doesn‟t know why she is ugly. She has the sense of herself. But others think she is ugly .after the cold eyes of the host of grocery store, she think dandelions are most ugly weeds. She also lost herself. Her view has transferred gradually . Shefeels ashamed for herself. It equals that she give up the nature and also herself. We can see how harmful the injustice society, just like poison corrupt the innocent heart of the black.4.CatAnimals are also parts of the nature. In the story, there is a innocent cat which is also has a tragedy ending just like pecola .Cats and women, are all disadvantaged groups and have the familiar fate..it was a cat of Geraldine .But her son Junior hates it very much and bully Pecola with the cat. Both of the cat and Pecola was the weaker that are teased and persecuted by the boy. Finally the cat died. The innocent life is dead.References:［1］梁志健．自然意象在《最蓝的眼睛》中的象征意义［J］．湖北教育学院学报，2007，［2］王晓春．《最蓝的眼睛》———精神生态困境下的悲剧与解救［J］．文学教育，2008，( 11) ．［3］Eco-feminism 维基百科。
Racial Discrimination and Surging Desire in the Bluest Eye Abstract: As one of the most outstanding black writers in contemporary American literature，Toni Morrison is the first African American woman winner of the Nobel Prize for literature. The Bluest Eye is her first novel, which establishes her literary reputation as a renowned black writer. Her works always explore and reflect the black’s destiny. This easy focuses on internalized racism which leads to deep hurt on the black. And in this environment, the undercurrent of desire popples fiercely.Key words: Toni Morrison; The black; Racial discrimination; Surging desire摘要：作为美国文坛中一位杰出的黑人作家，托尼.莫里森是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女作家。
《最蓝的眼睛》是她的第一本小说，奠定了她在文坛上的地位，使她成为一个有名的黑人作家。
她的作品都以探索和反映黑人命运为主题。
本文主要讨论的是内化的种族主义对黑人造成的心灵创伤，并且在这种环境下，欲望的横流汹涌澎湃。
关键词：托尼.莫里森；黑人；种族歧视；欲望横流1. BackgroundThe Bluest Eye is a 1970 novel by American author Toni Morrison. It is Morrison's first novel, written while Morrison was teaching at Howard University and was raising her two sons on her own. The story is about a year in the life of a young black girl in Lorain, Ohio named Pecola. It takes place against the backdrop of America's Midwest as well as in the years following the Great Depression. At that time, although slave system had been cancelled, the black had been unable to get rid of racial discrimination that exists in every corner of American society. The Bluest Eye is told from the perspective of Claudia MacTeer as a child and an adult, as well as from a third person omniscient viewpoint. Claudia and Frieda MacTeer live in Ohio with their parents. The MacTeers take in a boarder, Mr. Henry and Pecola. The protagonist of the novel, Pecola is a troubled young girl with a hard life. Her parents are constantly fighting, both physically and verbally. Pecola is continually being told and reminded of what an “ugly” girl she is, thus fueling her desire to be a Caucasian girl with blue eyes. Throughout the novel it is revealed that not only has Pecola had a life full of hatred and hardships, but her parents have as well. Pecola’s mother, Pauline only feels alive and happy when she is working for a rich white family. Her father, Cholly, is a drunk who was left with his aunt when he was young and ran away to find his father, who wanted nothing to do with him. Both Pauline and Cholly eventually lost the love they once had for one another. While Pecola is doing dishes, her father rapes her. His motives are unclear and confusing, seemingly a combination of both love and hate. Cholly flees after the second time he rapes Pecola, leaving her pregnant. The entire town of Lorain turns against her, except Claudia and Frieda. In the end Pecola’s child is born prematurely and dies. Claudia and Frieda give up the money they had been saving and plant flower seeds in hopes that if the flowers bloom, Pecola's baby will live; the marigolds never bloom. Pecola always eagers to have a pair of blue eyes and hope this pair of eyes gets her out of the pain of life. However, atthe end of the story, tortured Pecola goes mad, believing that her cherished wish has been fulfilled and that she has the bluest eyes.2. The reason of racial discriminationWhite people have strong racial discrimination to the black. We easily find the reason in the history. First, there is the existence of an institutionalized racism. Although it had ben legally cancelled. But it showed us that before the policy the United States government has defined the black culture, behavior and morality of completely negative. This determines the black cannot escape the influence of racism. Second, there exists the performance of black discrimination in the provision of an excuse. Black people have their own reasons, many black people themselves for the performance of the Government to implement its policies of racial discrimination in the provision of a pretext.In addition, there are black people, in particular, a number of black women, who used to rely on government relief of life, nothing.3. Influence of racial discriminationA. Imperceptible change on aestheticsThroughout the novel, the concept that whiteness is superior is everywhere. White people think their skin is more beautiful than the black. Sadly, the black people have accepted white standards of beauty, thinking Maureen’s light skin to be attractive and Pecola’s dark skin to be ugly. The adoration of the Shirley Temple doll given to Claudia also proved it. And we can see that Pauline Breedlove’s preference for the little white girl she cares for. The person who suffers most from white beauty standards is Pecola. She believes that if she has a pair of blue eyes her life will full of respect and love, instead of bias and abuse. In her mind, it’s the simple of having a bright happy future. However, strong desire just destroys her. It’s one of the most vital facts which lead to the tragedy.B.Profound damage on everyone’s lifeIn the novel, the Chollys are always victims of racial discrimination. They suffer from the loneliness, humiliation, prejudice and the violence. Even one’s life has been changed because of this. It can’t be hard to find that all of these terrible things extend from generation to generation. And Pecola is the most obvious candidate for our sympathy because she undergoes a shocking amount of abuse. Thomas Merton said, “ the truth that many people never understand, is that the more you try to avoid suffering, the more you suffer, because smaller and more insignificant things begin to torture you." At school, school boys humiliate her by making fun of her father and want her to absorb their self-hatred. A group of boys circle around her and scream, “Black e mo. Black a mo., Yadaddy sleeps necked”, defensively ignoring the color of their own skins. They forget that they are black, too. What they do is just an admittance of the insecurity that they have about their own identities. What’s more, Pecola sits alone. And teachers ignore her. Worse, even at home, Pecola can’t get a little love and care. Her mother thinks she is ugly and prefers the white baby who she looks after as a baby-sitting in a white family. Continuingly, she is forced to witness her parent’s quarrels, she is tormented by Junior, she is raped by her father, and she is used by Soaphead Church.Pecola had a life full of hatred and hardships, but her parents have as well. Pauline,her mother, has a lame foot and has always felt isolated. She loses herself in movies, which reaffirm her belief that she is ugly and that romantic love is reserved for the beautiful. She encourages her husband’s violent behavior in order to reinforce her own role as a martyr. She feels most alive when she is at work, cleaning a white woman’s home. She loves this home and despises her own. Cholly, Pecola’s father, was abandoned by his parents and raised by his great aunt, who died when he was a young teenager. He was humiliated by two white men who found him having sex for the first time and made him continue while they watched. He ran away to find his father but was rebuffed by him. By the time he met Pauline, he was a wild and rootless man. He feels trapped in his marriage and has lost interest in life. Later, he rapes Pecola with the mixed emotions of love and hatred. After Pecola miscarries of her pregnancy, Cholly rapes her again. What happens in Pauline and Cholly make them sensible. They can’t take good care of themselves. Their values still haven’t shape well. So how can Pecola have a happy life? We can imagine that good parents will have good children. But their family obviously has no fortune.4.Surging DesireA number of characters seem always hide their desires; maybe are the normal bodily needs or some abnormal desires. Geraldine prefers cleanness and order. She can’t tolerate anything about messiness of sex. It makes she becomes indifferent as a result. Similarly, Pauline indulged in leaning and organizing the house of a while family and even had little care of her family. She forgets to show her affection to her husband and daughter. Lacking of mother love leads Pecola tragic ending of life. What’s more, Soaphead Church is very disgusted to human body. And such peculiarity not only leads to preference for objects but also makes he had special affection to little girls. In the book, there is much distortion of human nature. Owing to the denial of the desire, people become another one and lost themselves.We shouldn’t suppress our needs. Of course, neither can we pour the desire casually. However in the book, Cholly can’t control himself. It embodied in Cholly rapes her daughter this thing. One Saturday afternoon, drunken Cholly returnes home and see the daughter Pecola is washing dishes in the kitchen. Disgust, guilt, pity and love all of these are mixed in Cholly’s heart. Scene that Pecola scratches by the thumb of foot reminds Cholly the past he spent happily with Pauline. Gradually, it leads to the initiation of sexual desire. On the other hand, Pecola does not revolt eventually leads to the tragedy. Precisely because of his irreversible mistake, his daughter has a miserable life. It’s a mistake that has no doubt presented darkness of human nature. In contrast, Frieda’s experience is less painful than Pecola’s because her parents immediately come to her rescue, playing the appropriate role of protector. How important the parents mean to their children. Considering Cholly’s childhood and adolescent, we may be more forgiving to him. Cholly is abandoned by his parents. The lack of love nutrition afflicts little Cholly’s heart. In the process of growth, he suffers whites insult; it can be said to him buried violence. With the fall of the deep-rooted bad habits Cholly became another one. It is not difficult to explain the possibility of tragedy and will Nature. This tragedy is not isolated cases, but such as four seasons cycle kike occurs in each generation of black body.No matter how messy and sometimes violent human desire is, it is also the origin of happiness. Read carefully, it is clear that many characters are getting happiness by reliving their desire. These experiences satisfy their body needs and know more about sexuality. Claudia prefers to have her sense indulged by wonderful scents, sounds, and tastes than to be given a hard white doll. Cholly’s greatest happiness is eating the best part of a watermelon and touching a girl for the first time. Pauline’s happiest memory is of sexual fulfillment with her husband. To a large degree, The Bluest Eye is about the pleasures and dangers of sexual initiation. At that time, parents wouldn’t teach the children what is sex. At the age of right time, they explore the difference of man and women. It’s the nature of human being. Only follow the nature people develop smoothly.5. ConclusionToni Morrison said, “I wrote the Bluest Eye because someone would actually be apologetic about the fact that their skin was so dark…so the book was about to taking it in, before we all decide that we are all beautiful, and have always been beautiful; I wanted to speak on the behalf of those who didn’t catch this right away. I was deeply concerned about the feeling of being ugly.” Through the tragedy of Pecola, Morrison strives to expose the damages caused by the racial discrimination and strong condemns the oppression of the blacks by white mainstream culture. More importantly, the book shows us different perspectives towards such difficult dilemma. Claudia’s brave and kind, Cholly’s cruelty, Pauline’s cold and carelessness and Pecola’s innocence, all of these rich the level of theme. In addition, the undercurrent of desire flows and flows. The people who depress their desire get their heart distorted. The people who expose the body needs causally results the bitter life of the victim and himself. Only the people who relive their needs appropriately get happiness. We can explore many more themes from different ways .In a word; it’s really a meaningful book.。
