1011-1012数字式万用表

使用说明数字式万用表1．安全警告本仪器根据以下标准进行设计、生产，并且于检查合格后在最好状态下出货。

IEC 61010-1过电压CAT III 300V污染度2IEC 61010-031IEC 61326本说明书包含警告和安全规则，记载了避免人身伤害事故和保持仪器能在长期良好状态下使用的注意事项。

因此，使用仪器前请仔细阅读操作指南。

警告仪器上标志，提醒用户在操作时，必须参阅相关操作说明。

标志分为3种，请注意阅读其不同内容。

请勿在非正常情况下进行测量，例如：仪器机体损坏，仪表或测试线金属部件的裸露。

：交：电阻：二极管：温度2．特长本仪器是可以进行电压、电流、电阻、电容、频率和DUTY等测试的多功能数字式万用表。

●符合安全规格的安全设计。

IEC 61010-1 过电压CAT III 300V污染度2IEC 61010-2-031 （对手持型探棒的要求事项）●采用可正确测试变形波的真有效值整流回路（True RMS）设计。

（KEW 1012C）●温度测试功能（KEW 1011C）●确认测量值的差的REL机能。

●防止不必要电池消耗的自动关机功能●数据保留功能●二极管和导通测试功能●自动量程功能●频率测试功能●DUTY（脉冲幅/ 脉冲周期用%显示）测量功能●电流功能由保险丝保护。

●软套保护仪器不易受冲击。

3．规格KEW 1011C测量范围和精确度（温湿度23±5℃、45~75%RH）注意：量程的*表示自动量程的初始值。

KEW 1012C测量范围和精确度（温湿度23±5℃、45~75%RH）注意：量程的*表示自动量程的初始值。

功率因数（CF ）≤3 ●安全规格 IEC 61010-1 CAT. III 300V 污染度2 / CAT.II 600V 污染度2IEC 61010-031 IEC 61326● 工作方式方式● 显示 液晶，最大6000（ACV/A,DCV/A,Ω,）/最大9999（Hz ）/最大4000（F ） 单位，记号 ● 输入过量显示 OL 显示（Ω量程及手动量程设定时超过测试范围） ● 自动量程 显示值6040以上时上升一个量程 显示值560以下时下降一个量程● 采样率 约400ms● 使用环境 室内使用，海拔2000m 以下 ● 精确度保证温湿度范围 23℃±5℃ 相对湿度75%以下 ● 使用温湿度范围 0℃~+40℃ 相对湿度80%以下 ● 保存温湿度范围 -20℃~+60℃相对湿度90%以下● 绝缘电阻 电气回路和外箱间100MΩ以上/DC 1000V ● 耐电压 电气回路和外箱间AC3700V/分钟 ●过负荷保护（过电压保护）电压 720V （RMS.）10秒 电阻 600V （RMS.）10秒 电容 600V （RMS.）10秒 频率 600V （RMS.）10秒电流 μA ，mA 600V 0.8A 保险丝保护 A 600V 10A 保险丝保护 ● 外形尺寸 约161（L ）× 82（W ）× 50（D ）mm （含软套） ●重量 约280g （含电池，软套）●电源单3干电池R6P（AA）1.5V×2或等量电量●附件测试线×1 单3干电池R6P（AA）×2使用说明书×1 K型温度探棒× 1（KEW 1011C）●使用保险丝 F 600V/800mA（速断型）φ6.3×32mmF 600V/10A（速断型）φ6.3×32mm本仪器的过负荷保护（过电压保护）为以上记载的电压。

突破中星9号卫星接收机密码封锁对于如何破解中星9号加密，网上也有不少介绍，什么恢复机器默认设置，手动搜台呀；什么拔天线，搜台后再恢复等呀。

总之这此办法目前都是无用的。

因为中星9升级后，其更改了是固件中频道节目号/PMT 视频PID 音频PID，因此除了更改固件，几乎没有其它办法的。

通过对中星9号的加密分析，耗子经过一断时间的摸索，找到破解中星9号加密的确实可行的办法，虽然不是完整破解，但总的来说，不用再为所收看的频道都是小数民族频道而困惑了，可以选择性的选择自己喜欢的12个频道来收看，呵呵。

其实中星9号加密，其升级接收机的固件，由于“山寨”机没有正版序列号，造成升级时，只提供12个台的频道数据，因此我们只要修改这12个频道的数据，即可收看我们需要的频率，具体方法，耗子将详细介绍。

要读取接收机的固件BIOS，需要一台25 SPI芯片编程器，耗子没有下载线，因此不知道是否使用下载线也可完成操作，具体网友可实际测试。

耗子使用的是一台业余的25 SPI通用串行编程器，联接如下：/speprom/spieprom.htm，目前中星9号卫星接收机使用的BIOS 芯片都是25系列SPI 串行芯片。

如耗子的机器使用的是MX 25L8005 8M的SPI芯片。

编辑软件需要Ultraedit32 16进制编辑软件，可从BIOS维修网站下载：/biosfiles/ultraedit.zip25通用SPI编程器图如下：本例以使用Haier HI2023EC HI3102E MXI8211A音频芯片的接收机“山寨”卫星接收机主板（注意，为测试方便，将芯片使用数据线接出，以方便测试）图如下：首先取下卫星接收机的固件BIOS芯片，其是SOIC8封装的SPI 25L8005芯片，由于是贴片芯片，因此需要使用热风拆焊台，取下芯片后，用编程器读出数据内容，然后将读出的文件保存成BIN文件，这里耗子保存为25L8005.BIN（文件名可以随意）。

-1-尊敬的顾客感谢您使用本公司生产的产品。

在初次使用该仪器前，请您详细地阅读使用说明书，将可帮助您正确使用该仪器。

我们的宗旨是不断地改进和完善公司的产品，因此您所使用的仪器可能与使用说明书有少许差别。

若有改动，我们不一定能通知到您，敬请谅解！如有疑问，请与公司售后服务部联络，我们定会满足您的要求。

试线、电源插座时，会产生电火花，小心电击，避免触电危险，注意人身安全！-1-◆慎重保证本公司生产的产品，在发货之日起三个月内，如产品出现缺陷，实行包换。

一年（包括一年）内如产品出现缺陷，实行免费维修。

一年以上如产品出现缺陷，实行有偿终身维修。

◆安全要求请阅读下列安全注意事项，以免人身伤害，并防止本产品或与其相连接的任何其它产品受到损坏。

为了避免可能发生的危险，本产品只可在规定的范围内使用。

只有合格的技术人员才可执行维修。

—防止火灾或人身伤害使用适当的电源线。

只可使用本产品专用、并且符合本产品规格的电源线。

正确地连接和断开。

当测试导线与带电端子连接时，请勿随意连接或断开测试导线。

产品接地。

本产品除通过电源线接地导线接地外，产品外壳的接地柱必须接地。

为了防止电击，接地导体必须与地面相连。

在与本产品输入或输出终端连接前，应确保本产品已正确接地。

注意所有终端的额定值。

为了防止火灾或电击危险，请注意本产品的所有额定值和标记。

在对本产品进行连接之前，请阅读本产品使用说明书，以便进一步了解有关额定值的信息。

请勿在无仪器盖板时操作。

如盖板或面板已卸下，请勿操作本产品。

-2-使用适当的保险丝。

只可使用符合本产品规定类型和额定值的保险丝。

避免接触裸露电路和带电金属。

产品有电时，请勿触摸裸露的接点和部位。

在有可疑的故障时，请勿操作。

如怀疑本产品有损坏，请本公司维修人员进行检查，切勿继续操作。

请勿在潮湿环境下操作。

请勿在易爆环境中操作。

保持产品表面清洁和干燥。

－安全术语警告：警告字句指出可能造成人身伤亡的状况或做法。

小心：小心字句指出可能造成本产品或其它财产损坏的状况或做法。

June 2013, Rev. 1, 10/15 © 2013-2015 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Specifications are subject to change without notice. All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.106/107 Digital MultimetersTable of ContentsTitle Page Introduction (1)How to Contact Fluke (1)Safety Information (2)Instrument Overview (8)Terminals (8)Display (9)Auto Power Off (10)Auto Backlight Off (11)Measurements (11)Data Hold (11)Measure AC and DC Voltage (12)Measure AC or DC Current (14)Measure Resistance (16)Test for Continuity (16)Test Diodes (107 Only) (18)i106/107 Users ManualiiMeasure Capacitance (19)Measure Frequency and Duty Cycle (107 Only) (19)Maintenance (20)General Maintenance (21)Test the Fuse (22)Replace Batteries and the Fuse (22)Service and Parts (24)General Specifications (25)Accuracy Specifications (28)Digital Multimeters Safety Information3WarningTo prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury:• Carefully read all instructions.• Read all safety information before you use the Product. • Use the Product only as specified, or the protection supplied by the Product can be compromised.• Do not use the Product around explosive gas, vapor, or in damp or wet environments.• Do not use the Product if it is damaged.• Disable the Product if it is damaged.• Do not use the Product if it operates incorrectly.• Examine the case before you use the Product. Look for cracks or missing plastic. Carefully look at the insulation around the terminals.• Use only correct measurement category (CAT), voltage, and amperage rated probes, test leads, and adapters for the measurement.• Measure a known voltage first to make sure that the Product operates correctly.106/107 Users Manual4 •Do not use test leads if they are damaged. Examine the test leads for damaged insulation and measure a known voltage.•Do not apply more than the rated voltage, between the terminals or between each terminal and earth ground.•Do not use the HOLD function to measure unknown potentials. When HOLD is turned on, the display does not change when a different potential is measured. •Do not touch voltages >30 V ac rms, 42 V ac peak, or 60 V dc.•Keep fingers behind the finger guards on the probes.•Remove all probes, test leads, and accessories before the battery door is opened.•Do not exceed the Measurement Category (CAT) rating of the lowest rated individual component of a Product, probe, or accessory.•Remove the input signals before you clean the Product.•Have an approved technician repair the Product.•Remove the batteries if the Product is not used for an extended period of time, or if stored in temperatures above 50 °C. If the batteries are not removed,battery leakage can damage the Product.Digital Multimeters Safety Information 5• Replace the batteries when the low battery indicator shows to prevent incorrect measurements.• Use only specified replacement parts.• Use only specified replacement fuses.• Limit operation to the specified measurement category, voltage, or amperage ratings.• Do not use test leads if they are damaged. Examine the test leads for damaged insulation and measure a known voltage.• Do not use in CAT III or CAT IV environments without the protective cap installed. The protective cap decreases the exposed probe metal to <4 mm. This decreases the possibility of arc flash from short circuits.106/107 Users Manual6Table 1 is a list of the symbols used on the Product and in this manual. Table 1. SymbolsConsult user documentation. WARNING. RISK OF DANGER. Static awareness. Static discharge can damage part(s). WARNING. HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE.Risk of electric shock.AC (Alternating Current) EarthDC (Direct Current) CapacitanceBoth direct and alternating current DiodeBattery FuseConforms to relevant South KoreanEMC Standards Certified by TÜV SÜD Product Service. Conforms to European Union directives. Certified by CSA Group to North Americansafety standards.Digital Multimeters Safety Information 7 Table 1. Symbols (cont.)Measurement Category II is applicable to test and measuring circuits connected directly to utilization points (socket outlets and similar points) of the low-voltage MAINS installation.Measurement Category III is applicable to test and measuring circuits connected to the distribution part of the building’s low-voltage MAINS installation. Measurement Category IV is applicable to test and measuring circuits connected at thesource of the building’s low-voltage MAINS installation.This product complies with the WEEE Directive marking requirements. The affixed label indicates that you must not discard this electrical/electronic product in domestic household waste. Product Category: With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE Directive Annex I, this product is classed as category 9 "Monitoring and Control Instrumentation" product. Do not dispose of this product as unsorted municipal waste.8Digital Multimeters Instrument Overview9DisplayFigure 1 and Table 2 show the items on the Product display.hhc02.epsFigure 1. Display106/107 Users Manual10 Table 2. DisplayItem Description Item DescriptionHighvoltage Frequency is selected Display Hold is enabled FaradsContinuityselected MillivoltsDiode test is selected Amps or voltsDuty Cycle is selected Dc or ac voltage or currentDecimalprefix Auto Range mode is enabled Ohmsisselected Low battery. Replace battery. Auto Power OffThe Product automatically powers off after 20 minutes of inactivity.To restart the Product, turn the rotary switch back to the OFF position and then to a necessary position.To disable the Auto Power Off function, hold down the YELLOW button when turning on the Product, until PoFF shows on the display.Digital Multimeters Auto Backlight Off11Auto Backlight OffThe backlight automatically turns off after 2 minutes of inactivity.To disable the Auto Backlight Off function, hold down when turning on the Product, until LoFF shows on the display.NoteTo disable both the Auto Power Off function and the Auto Backlight Off function, hold down the YELLOW button and at the same time, until both PoFF and LoFF show on the display.MeasurementsData HoldWarningTo prevent possible electrical shock, fire or personal injury, do not use the HOLD function to measure unknown potentials. When HOLD is turned on, the display does not change when a different potential is measured.To hold the present reading, push . Push again to continue normal operation.106/107Users Manual12Measure AC and DC Voltage To measure ac and dc voltage:1. Choose ac or dc by turning the rotary switch to or .2. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COMterminal. 3. Measure the voltage by touching the probes to the correct test points of the circuit. 4. Read the measured voltage on the display.Digital MultimetersMeasurements13Figure 2. Measure AC and DC Voltage106/107Users Manual14Measure AC or DC CurrentWarningTo prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury, remove circuit power before you connect the Product in the circuit when you measure current. Connect the Product in series with the circuit. 1. Turn the rotary switch to .2. Push the YELLOW button to toggle between ac or dc current measurement.3. Connect the red test lead to the A terminal to be measured and connect the black testlead to the COM terminal. 4. Break the circuit path to be measured.5. Connect the test leads across the break and apply power.6. Read the measured current on the display.Digital MultimetersMeasurements15Figure 3. Measure AC and DC Current106/107Users Manual 16Measure Resistance1. Turn the rotary switch to (106 does not have ). Make sure power is disconnectedfrom the circuit to be measured. 2. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COMterminal. 3. Measure the resistance by touching the probes to the desired test points of the circuit. 4. Read the measured resistance on the display. Test for ContinuityWith the resistance mode selected, push the YELLOW button once to activate the continuity mode. If the resistance is <70 Ω, the beeper sounds continuously, designating a short circuit. If the Product reads , the circuit is open.Digital MultimetersMeasurements17Figure 4. Measure Resistance/Continuity106/107Users Manual18Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to .2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode.3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COMterminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diodebeing tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display.6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows. This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode.Digital MultimetersMeasurements19Measure Capacitance 1. Turn the rotary switch to .2. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COMterminal. 3. Touch the probes to the capacitor leads. 4. Let the reading stabilize (up to 18 seconds). 5. Read the capacitance value on the display. Measure Frequency and Duty Cycle (107 Only)The Product can measure frequency or duty cycle while making either an ac voltage or an ac current measurement.1. Pushto change the Product to frequency or duty cycle. 2. When the Product is in the required function (ac voltage or ac current), push . 3. Read the frequency on the display.4. To make a duty cycle measurement, push again.5. Read the percent of duty cycle on the display.106/107Users Manual20MaintenanceBeyond replacing the batteries and fuse, do not attempt to repair or service the Product unless you are qualified to do so and have the relevant calibration, performance test, and service instructions. The recommended calibration cycle is 12 months.WarningTo prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury: • Remove the input signals before you clean the Product. • Use only specified replacement parts. • Use only specified replacement fuses.• Have an approved technician repair the Product.For safe operation and maintenance of the Product, repair the Product before use if the batteries leak.Digital MultimetersMaintenance21General MaintenancePeriodically wipe the case with a damp cloth and mild detergent. Do not use abrasives or solvents. Dirt or moisture in the terminals can affect readings. To clean the terminals:1. Turn the Product off and remove the test leads.2. Shake out any dirt that may be in the terminals.3. Soak a new swab with isopropyl alcohol and work around the inside of each inputterminal. 4. Use a new swab to apply a light coat of fine machine oil to the inside of each terminal.106/107Users Manual 22Test the Fuse1. Turn the rotary switch to (106 does not have ).2. Plug a test lead into the terminal and touch the probe to the A terminal.• A good A terminal fuse is indicated by a reading less than 0.1 Ω. • If the display reads , replace the fuse and test again.• If the display shows any other value, have the Product serviced. See Service andParts . Replace Batteries and the FuseTo replace the batteries or the fuse, see Figure 5.CautionBe sure to observe Electro Static Discharge precautions.Digital Multimeters Service and Parts23Figure 5. Replace Batteries and the Fuse106/107Users Manual24Service and PartsIf the Product fails, first check the batteries and fuse. Then, review this manual to make sure you are operating the Product correctly. Replacement parts are:ItemFluke Part NumberBatteries 2838018Battery door 4319659 Test leads TL1754306653Fuse 803293 Screws 4320657Digital Multimeters General Specifications25General SpecificationsMaximum voltage between any terminaland Earth Ground ............................................................ 600 VFuse protection for A input ............................................ 11 A, 1000 V, IR 17 kA Display (LCD)................................................................... 6000 counts, updates 3/sec Battery Type .................................................................... 2 AAA, NEDA 24A, IEC LR03 Battery Life ...................................................................... 200 hours minimum TemperatureOperating ...................................................................... 0 °C to 40 °C Storage ......................................................................... -30 °C to 60 °C Relative HumidityOperating Humidity ....................................................... Non-condensing when <10 °C;≤90 % at 10 °C to 30 °C; ≤75 % at 30 °C to 40 °C Operating Humidity, 40 M Ω Range ............................... ≤80 % at 10 °C to 30 °C;≤70 % at 30 °C to 40 °C AltitudeOperating ...................................................................... 2000 m Storage ......................................................................... 12,000 m106/107Users Manual26Temperature Coefficient ................................................. 0.1 X (specified accuracy) / °C (<18 °C or>28 °C) Size (HxWxL).................................................................... 142 mm x 69 mm x 28 mm Weight .............................................................................. 200 gIP Rating ........................................................................... IEC 60529: IP 40 SafetyGeneral ......................................................................... IEC 61010-1: Pollution Degree 2 Measurement ................................................................ IEC 61010-2-033: CAT III 600 V Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)International .................................................................. IEC 61326-1: Portable, IEC 61326-2-2CISPR 11: Group 1, Class A Group 1: Equipment has intentionally generated and/or uses conductively-coupled radio frequency energy that is necessary for the internal function of the equipment itself.Class A: Equipment is suitable for use in all establishments other than domestic and those directly connected to a low-voltage power supply network that supplies buildings used for domestic purposes. There may be potential difficulties in ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in other environments due to conducted and radiated disturbances.Digital Multimeters General Specifications27Emissions that exceed the levels required by CISPR 11 can occur when the equipment is connected to a test object. The equipment may not meet the immunity requirements of this standard when test leads and/or test probes are connected.Korea (KCC) ................................................................. Class A Equipment (Industrial Broadcasting &Communication Equipment) Class A: Equipment meets requirements for industrial electromagnetic wave equipment and the seller or user should take notice of it. This equipment is intended for use in business environments and not to be used in homes.USA (FCC) ................................................................... 47 CFR 15 subpart B. This product is consideredan exempt device per clause 15.103.106/107Users Manual28Accuracy SpecificationsAccuracy is specified for 1 year after calibration, at operating temperatures of 18 °C to 28 °C, relative humidity at 0 % to 75 %. Accuracy specifications take the form of: ±([% of Reading] + [Number of Least Significant Digits]).Function Range Resolution Accuracy 106 107 AC Volts(40 Hz to 500 Hz) [1]6.000 V 60.00 V 600.0 V 0.001 V 0.01 V 0.1 V 1.0 % + 31.0 % + 3DC Volts6.000 V 60.00 V 600.0 V 0.001 V 0.01 V 0.1 V 0.5 % + 3 0.5 % + 3AC Millivolts600.0 mV0.1 mV3.0 % + 3 3.0 % + 3Diode Test [2]2.000 V 0.001 V N/A 10 %[1] All AC, Hz, and duty cycle are specified from 1 % to 100 % of range. Inputs below 1 % of range are not specified. [2] Typically, open circuit test voltage is 2.0 V and short circuit current is <0.6 mA.Digital MultimetersAccuracy Specifications29FunctionRange Resolution Accuracy106 107 Resistance400.0 Ω 4.000 k Ω 40.00 k Ω 400.0 k Ω 4.000 M Ω 40.00 M Ω 0.1 Ω 0.001 k Ω 0.01 k Ω 0.1 k Ω 0.001 M Ω 0.01 M Ω 0.5 % + 3 0.5 % + 2 0.5 % + 2 0.5 % + 2 0.5 % + 2 1.5 % + 3 0.5 % + 3 0.5 % + 2 0.5 % + 2 0.5 % + 2 0.5 % + 2 1.5 % + 3 Capacitance [1]50.00 nF 500.0 nF 5.000 µF 50.00 µF 500.0 µF 1000 µF0.01 nF 0.1 nF 0.001 µF 0.01 µF 0.1 µF 1 µF2 % + 5 2 % + 5 5 % + 5 5 % + 5 5 % + 5 5 % + 52 % + 5 2 % + 5 5 % + 5 5 % + 5 5 % + 5 5 % + 5106/107 Users Manual30Function Range ResolutionAccuracy106 107Frequency [2]Hz(10 Hz to 100 kHz)50.00 Hz500.0 Hz5.000 kHz50.00 kHz100.0 kHz0.01 Hz0.1 Hz0.001 kHz0.01 kHz0.1 kHzNA 0.1 % + 3 Duty Cycle [2] 1 % to 99 % 0.1 % NA 1 % typical [3][1] Specifications do not include errors due to test lead capacitance and capacitance floor (may be up to 1.5nF in the50nF range).[2] All AC, Hz, and duty cycle readings are specified from 1 % to 100 % of range. Inputs below 1 % of range are notspecified.[3] Typical means when the frequency is at 50Hz or 60Hz and the duty cycle is between 10 % and 90 %.Digital MultimetersAccuracy Specifications31Function Range ResolutionAccuracy 106 107 AC Current (40 Hz to 200 Hz)[1]4.000 A 10.00 A 0.001 A 0.01 A 1.5 % + 31.5 % + 3DC Current[1]4.000 A 10.00 A0.001 A 0.01 A1.5 % + 3 1.5 % + 3[1] 10 A duty cycle <7 minutes on, 20 minutes off, 25 °C to 40 °C.106/107 Users Manual32Function OverloadProtectionInput Impedance(Nominal)Common ModeRejection RatioNormal ModeRejection Ratio AC Volts 600 V [1] >10MΩ <100 pF [2]>60 dB at dc,50 Hz or 60 Hz_AC Millivolts 600 mV >1 M, <100 pF>80 dB at dc,50 Hz or 60 Hz_DC Volts 600 V [1] >10MΩ <100 pF>100 dB at50 Hz or 60 Hz>60 dB at50 Hz or 60 Hz[1] 6 x 105 V Hz Max.[2] For mV (AC), input impedance is approximately 1MΩ.。

1.888.KEITHLEY (U.S. only)The Model 2110 5½-Digit Dual-Display Digital Multimeter combines a compelling price with a comprehensive set of capabilities, superior measurement accuracy, and high speed for a broad range of applications. It features 15 measurement functions and 7 math functions and has dual-line display capability, which allows it to display two different measurements concurrently. The Model 2110 is an unbeatable value for production, R&D, and test engineers, scientists, and students making a wide variety of measurements in portable, bench, and system applications.High Accuracy, Abundant Capabilities, Low CostThe Model 2110 provides precision and a rich set of capabilities at a value price. It has 0.012% one-year basic DC voltage accuracy and 0.020% one-year basic resistance accuracy up to the 100k W range.The Model 2110 provides a wide number of measurement ranges and functions:• DC voltage: 0.1V, 1V, 10V, 100V, and 1000V • AC voltage: 0.1V, 1V, 10V, 100V, and 750V • DC current: 10mA, 100mA, 1A, 3A, and 10A • AC current: 1A, 3A, and 10A• Two- and four-wire resistance: 100W , 1k W , 10k W , 100k W , 1M W , 10M W , and 100M W • Frequency: From 10Hz to 300kHz• Capacitance measurement: 1nF, 10nF, 100nF, 1µF, 10µF, 100µF• Thermocouple measurement: J-, R-, S-, T-, E-, N-, B-, C-, and K-type thermocouples • Temperature (RTD and NTC Thermistor) measurements• Diode measurement • Continuity test• Programmable A-D converter and filter settings for signal to noise optimization. Additionally, seven mathematical operations can be performed on measurement readings: percentage, average, min/max, NULL, limits, mX+b, dB, and dBm testing.SpeedAt 5½ digits, the Model 2110 delivers up to 200 readings/s via the USB remote interface. At the fast 4½-digit setting, it reads up to 50,000 readings/s and up to 30,000 readings/s into the buffer, making it ideal for production and monitoring applications in which speed is c ritical.5D I G I T A L M U L T I ME T E R S & S Y S T E M S1.888.KEITHLEY (U.S. only)SimplicityThe Model 2110 is operational and intuitive to use right out of the box. The functions on the front panel are user friendly and easy to read. Its KI-Tool and KI-Link software allow users to quickly con-trol the instrument over GPIB (if equipped) or USB, record measurements, and display time-series L o w -c o s t 5½-d i g i t D M M f o r s y s t e m , b e n c h , o r p o r t a b l e a p p l i c a t i o n s All accessories, such as start-up software, USB cable, power cable, and safety test leads, are included with the Model 2110.KI-Tool simplifies basic measurement applications through every setup and graphical data representation.1.888.KEITHLEY (U.S. only)SpecificationsDC CHARACTERISTICSDC VOLTAGEAccuracy 1±(% of reading + % of range)1 Year, 23° ±5°C Temperature Coefficient 0°–18°C & 28°–40°C Range Resolution InputResistance 100.000 mV 1 µV 10 M W 0.012 + 0.0040.001 + 0.00051.00000 V 10 µV 0.012 + 0.0010.0009 + 0.000510.0000 V 0.1 mV 0.012 + 0.0020.0012 + 0.0005100.000 V 1 mV 0.012 + 0.0020.0012 + 0.00051000.00 V10 mV 0.02 + 0.0030.002 + 0.0015DCI (DC CURRENT)Accuracy 1±(% of reading + % of range)1 Year, 23° ±5°C Temperature Coefficient 0°–18°C & 28°–40°CRange Resolution ShuntResistance 10.0000 mA 0.1 µA 5.1 W 0.05 + 0.0200.005 + 0.002100.000 mA 1 µA 5.1 W 0.05 + 0.0100.005 + 0.0011.00000 A 10 µA 0.1 W 0.150 + 0.0200.008 + 0.0013.0000 A 100 µA 0.1 W 0.200 + 0.0300.008 + 0.00110.0000 A 100 µA 5 m W 0.250 + 0.0500.008 + 0.001RESISTANCE 2Accuracy 1±(% of reading + % of range)1 Year, 23° ±5°C Temperature Coefficient 0°–18°C & 28°–40°CRange Resolution Test Current 100.000 W 1 m W 1 mA 0.020 + 0.0200.003 + 0.0005 1.00000 k W 10 m W 1 mA 0.020 + 0.0030.003 + 0.0005 10.0000 k W 100 m W 100 µA 0.020 + 0.0020.003 + 0.0005 100.000 k W 1 W 10 µA 0.020 + 0.0020.003 + 0.00051.00000 M W 10 W 1 µA 0.030 + 0.0040.005 + 0.000510.0000 M W 100 W 0.1 µA 0.200 + 0.0040.05 + 0.0005100.000 M W 1 k W0.1 µA2.000 + 0.0050.5 + 0.0005DIODE TESTAccuracy 1±(% of reading + % of range)1 Year, 23° ±5°C Temperature Coefficient 0°–18°C & 28°–40°CRange Resolution Test Current 1.0000V 10 µV1 mA0.020 + 0.0300.002 + 0.0005CONTINUITYAccuracy 1±(% of reading + % of range)1 Year, 23° ±5°C Temperature Coefficient 0°–18°C & 28°–40°CRange Resolution Test Current 1000W 10 m W1 mA0.020 + 0.0200.002 + 0.00051. Specifications valid after two hour warm-up.a. ADC set for continuous trigger operation.b. Input bias current <30pA at 25°C.c. Measurement rate set to 10 PLC.2. Specifications for 4W ohms mode. For 2W ohms, use zero null or subtract lead resistance from displayed reading.a. Maximum lead resistance 10% of range per lead for 100W and 1k W ranges; add 1k W per lead for all other ranges.MEASUREMENT NOISE REjECTION DC (60Hz/50Hz) at 5.5 DIGITS CMRR: 120dB for 1k W unbalance in LO lead.NMRR: 60dB for line frequency ±0.1%.TEMPERATURE (THERMOCOUPLE) CHARACTERISTICSThermocoupleType Range Accuracy 1 ±°C1 Year, exclusive of lead accuracyB 600 to 1800°C 1.5C 0 to 2300°C 1.5E –250 to 1000°C 1.5J –200 to 1200°C 1.0K –200 to 1350°C 1.0N –200 to 1300°C 1.0R 0 to 1750°C 1.5S 0 to 1750°C 1.5T–250 to 400°C1.51. Specifications valid after two hour warm-up; a. ADC set for continuous trigger operation.RTD and NTC Thermistor Measurements: Accuracy ±0.8˚C, 1 year, exclusive of leadaccuracy. PT100, D100, F100, PT385, PT3916, SPRTD (R-Zero, A4, B4, Ax, Bx, Cx, and Dx), NTCT (A, B, and C), and user-definable RTD.CAPACITANCE CHARACTERISTICSRange Test Current Accuracy 1±(% of reading + % of range)1 Year, 23° ±5°C1.000 nF 10 µA2.0 + 0.801. Specifications valid after two hour warm-up.a. ADC set for continuous trigger operation.b. Null enabled.2110Model 2110 rear panel.。

一、实验背景整流是指将交流电变换为直流电的变换，而将交流电变换为直流电的电路称为整流电路。

整流电路是四种变换电路中最基本的变换电路，应用非常广泛。

对于整流电路，当其带不同负载情况下，电路的工作情况不同。

此外，可控整流电路不仅可以工作在整流状态，即将交流电能变换为直流电能，还可以工作在逆变状态，即将直流电能变换为交流电能，称为有源逆变。

在工业中，应用最为广泛的是三相桥式全控整流电路（Three Phase Full Bridge Converter），它是由两个三相半波可控整流电路发展而来。

该次试验即是针对三相桥式全控整流电路而展开的一些较为简单的学习与研究。

二、实验原理三相桥式全控整流及有源逆变该次实验连接电路图如下图所示整流有源逆变控制信号初始化约定：，，整流，，逆变，，临界注意事项：在接主电路过程中，晶闸管接入双刀双闸开关时一定要注意正负极必须正确匹配。

电容器用于吸收感性电流引起的干扰，使得示波器显示的波形更加标准、清晰。

双刀双掷开关在切换时主回路必须断电，否则很可能因切换时拉出电弧而损坏设备。

（一）整流电路1、整流的概念把交流电变换为直流电的变换称为整流（Rectifier），又叫AC-DC变换（AC-DC Converter）。

整流电路是一种把交流电源电压转换成所需的直流电压的电路。

AC-DC变换的功率流向是双向的，功率流向由交流电源流向负载的变换称之为“整流”，功率流向由负载流向交流电源的变换称之为“有源逆变”。

采用晶闸管作为整流电路的主控器件，通过对晶闸管触发相位的控制从而达到控制输出直流电压的目的，这样的电路称之为相控整流电路。

2、整流电路的分类（1）按电路结构分类①半波整流电路：半波整流电路中每根电源进线流过单方向电流，又称为零式整流电路或单拍整流电路。

②全波整流电路：全波整流电路中每根电源进线流过双方向电流，又称为桥式整流电路或双拍整流电路。

（2）按电源相数分类①单相整流电路：又分为单脉波整流电路和双脉波整流电路。

电工仪表与测量理论考核试题一、单选题1、仪表的准确度越高，基本误差越（）［单选题］*A、高B、低C、大D、小√2、电工指示仪表按准确度分类，分为（）级［单选题］*A、4B、5C、6D、7√3、（）情况下，仪表的准确度等于测量结果的准确度。

［单选题］*A、当被测量正好大于仪表量程的B、当被测量正好小于仪表量程的C、当被测量正好等于仪表量程的VD、当被测量与仪表量程无关的4、由电源突变引起的误差叫（）误差。

［单选题］*A、系统误差B、偶然误差VC、疏失误差D、绝对误差5、选择仪表的灵敏度时，要求（\［单选题］*A、越高越好B、越低越好C、无所谓D、根据测量的需要选择V6、仪表在反复测量同一被测量时，若两次读数不同，它们的差值叫（\［单选题］*A、绝对误差B、相对误差C、误差D、变差√7、单臂电桥测电阻属于（）测量法［单选题］*A、直接B、间接C、替换D、匕徽√8、磁电系电流表是由磁电系测量机构与（）组成的。

［单选题］*A、分流电阻并联VB、分流电阻串联C、分压电阻串联D、分压电阻并联9、T19-V表示（）［单选题］*A、安装式电磁系电压表B、便携式磁电系电压表C、安装式磁电系电压表D、便携式电磁系电压表√10、对含有疏失误差的测量结果应该采用（）方法加以消除［单选题］*A、正负误差补偿法B、合理的测量方法C、坚决抛弃不用√D、引入校正值11、测量时,先测出与被测量有关的电量,然后通过计算求得被测量数值的方法称为（）测量法［单选题］*A、直接B、间接VC、替换D、比较12、间接测量法适用于（）的场合［单选题］*A、准确度要求较高B、准确度要求较高的特殊C、准确度要求较低D、准确度要求较低的特殊√13、电工指示仪表中所用指示器分为（）［单选题］*A、指针式和光标式VB、反射式?口光标式C、刀式和光标式D、刀式?口矛式14、DT12表示（）［单选题］*A、安装式电动系电流表B、安装式电磁系电流表C、三相有功电能表D、三相四线电能表V15、偶然误差是指（）［单选题］*A、大/」坏口符号都不固定VB、大小固定，符号不固定C、大小不固定，符号固定D、大4环口符号固定不变16、安装式电磁系电压表一般都是（）［单选题］*A、单量程的√B、双量程的C、多量程的D、无量程的17、钳形电流表的优点是（）［单选题］*A、准确度高B、灵敏度高C、可以交直流两用D、可以不切断电路测电流V18、要扩大直流电压表的量程，应采用（）［单选题］*A、并联分流电阻B、串联分流电阻C、串联分压电阻VD、并联分压电阻19、使用钳形电流表时，下列操作错误的是（）［单选题］*A、测量前先估计被测量的大小B、测量时导线放在钳形口中央C、测量小电流时，允许将被测导线在钳口内多绕几圈D、测量完毕，可以将量程开关置于任意位置V20、关于钳形电流表的使用，下列哪种说法是正确的（）［单选题］*A、导线在钳口中时，可用大到小切换量程B、导线在钳口中时,可用小到大切换量程C、导线在钳口中时，可任意切换量程D、导线在钳口中时，不能切换量程V21、在无法估计被测量大小时，应先选用仪表的（）量程试测后，再逐步换成合适的量程。

福禄克 F15B+数字万用表参数介绍本文将介绍福禄克 F15B+数字万用表的主要参数，包括测量范围、分辨率、准确度等，帮助用户更好地了解这款产品的性能。

下面是本店铺为大家精心编写的4篇《福禄克 F15B+数字万用表参数介绍》，供大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

《福禄克 F15B+数字万用表参数介绍》篇1福禄克 F15B+数字万用表是一款广泛应用于电子、电气领域的测试工具，具有许多优秀的性能参数。

以下是该万用表的主要参数介绍： 1. 测量范围：福禄克 F15B+数字万用表可以测量多种电量，包括电压、电流、电阻、电容和电感等。

其测量范围如下：- 电压：1000V AC/DC- 电流：10A AC/DC- 电阻：0Ω~10MΩ- 电容：10pF~100μF- 电感：10μH~1H2. 分辨率：福禄克 F15B+数字万用表具有高精度的测量能力，其分辨率如下： - 电压：0.1mV- 电流：0.1mA- 电阻：0.1Ω- 电容：0.1pF- 电感：0.1μH3. 准确度：福禄克 F15B+数字万用表在正常工作条件下，其准确度可以保证在规定的范围内。

具体准确度如下：- 电压：±(0.5%+50mV)- 电流：±(0.5%+50mA)- 电阻：±(0.5%+50Ω)- 电容：±(0.5%+50pF)- 电感：±(0.5%+50μH)4. 显示：福禄克 F15B+数字万用表采用液晶显示屏，可以清晰显示测量结果。

显示屏规格如下：- 显示屏尺寸：40mm x 32mm- 显示屏分辨率：128 x 64- 显示更新速度：每秒更新 4 次5. 电源：福禄克 F15B+数字万用表使用 4 节 AAA 电池供电，电池寿命约为 400 小时。

此外，该万用表还具有自动关机功能，当仪器静置 10 分钟后，会自动关闭电源，以节省电池寿命。

6. 尺寸与重量：福禄克 F15B+数字万用表的设计轻巧便携，尺寸为 186mm x 89mm x 46mm，重量约为 300 克，方便用户携带。

9805数字万用表使用说明书一、概述该仪表是一种性能稳定、用电池驱动的高可靠性数字万用表。

仪表采用26mm 字高LCD 显示器、读数清晰；背光显示及过载保护功能，更加方便使用。

该仪表用来测量直流电压和交流电压、直流电流和交流电流、电阻、电容、二极管、三极管、通断测试等参数。

整机以双积分A/D 转换为核心，是一台性能优越的工具仪表，是实验室、工厂、无线电爱好者及家庭的理想工具。

二、 安全事项该仪表在设计上符合IEC1010条款（国际电工委员会颁布的安全标准），在使用之前，请先阅读安全注意事项。

⒈ 测量电压时，请勿输入超过直流1000V 或交流750V 有效值的极限电压；⒉ 36V 以下的电压为安全电压，在测高于36V 直流、25V 交流电压时，要检查表笔是否可靠接触，是否正确连接、是否绝缘良好等，以避免电击；⒊ 换功能和量程时，表笔应离开测试点；⒋ 选择正确的功能和量程，谨防误操作，该系列仪表虽然有全量程保护功能，但为了安全起见，仍请您多加注意； ⒌ 测量电流时，请勿输入超过20A 的电流。

⒍ 安全符号说明“”存在危险电压，“”接地，“”双绝缘， “”操作者必须参阅说明书，“”低电压符号 三、操作面牌说明1. 液晶显示器：显示仪表测量的数值及单位；2. POWER 电源开关：开启及关闭电源；3. LC 开关：按下“LC ”开关，进行电容电感测试。

4. LIGHT 背光开关：开启及关闭背光灯；5. 电容（Cx ）或电感(Lx)插座；6.hFE 测试插座：用于测量晶体三极管的hFE 数值大小；7.旋钮开关：用于改变测量功能及量程；8.电压、电阻及温度插座、小于2A 电流及温度测试插座、20A 电流测试插座、公共地； 四、 特性 ⒈一般特性1-1 显示方式：液晶显示；1-2 最大显示：1999（3 1/2）位自动极性显示； 1-3 测量方式：双积分式A/D 转换； 1-4 采样速率：约每秒钟3次；1-5 过量程显示：最高位显示“1”或“-1”； 1-6 低电压显示：“”符号出现； 1-7 工作环境：（0~40）℃，相对湿度<80%； 1-8 储存环境：（-10~50）℃，相对湿度<80%； 1-9 电源：一只9V 电池； 1-10 体积（尺寸）：190×88.5×27.5mm(长×宽×高)； 1-11 重量：约320g （包括9V 电池）；1-12 附件：使用说明书一本，合格证一张，防震套、外包装盒各一个，表笔一对，测温探头一付，9V 电池一只。

纤维比电阻仪校准规范1范围本规范适用于纤维比电阻仪的校准。

其他类似仪器的校准可参照本规范。

2引用文件本规范引用了下列文件：JJF 1071—2010 国家计量校准规范编写规则GB/T 8170 数值修约规则与极限数值的表示和判定GB/T 14342—2015化学纤维短纤维比电阻试验方法凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本规范；凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本规范。

3 概述纤维比电阻仪是用于测定各种化学纤维比电阻值的仪器。

其原理是：通过测量在一定的几何形状下具有一定密度的化学纤维的电阻值，再根据纤维的填充度换算成纤维的比电阻。

4 计量特性4.1 电阻示值误差：电阻≤1012 Ω时，最大允许误差为±5%；电阻＞1012 Ω，最大允许差误为20%。

4.2 测试电压分别为：1V、50V和100V，最大允许误差为±3%。

4.3 测试盒内电极板尺寸：长为（60±2）mm；宽为（40±2）mm；两极板间隔为（20±2）mm。

4.4 测试时间：（60±1）s。

5 校准条件5.1 环境条件5.1.1 校准环境：温度（20±5）℃，相对湿度＜70%。

5.1.2 工作电压：AC（220±22） V 。

5.1.3 纤维比电阻仪周围应清洁，无腐蚀性介质，无影响仪器正常工作的电磁干扰和机械振动。

5.2 测量标准及其他设备测量标准及其他设备见表1。

表1 测量标准及其他设备注：主要测量标准器可选本表所列，也可以选用其他引入的测量不确定度（k=2）不大于被校准参数最大允许误差绝对值的1/3。

6 校准项目和校准方法6.1 校准前准备6.1.1 外观检查（1）纤维比电阻仪应在适当部位装有永久性铭牌。

铭牌上须标明仪器名称、型号、制造厂商、仪器编号及出厂日期。

（2）仪器面板显示器显示清晰，无断字现象；各个旋钮、开关工作正常。