puter Practice(1)2.Professional Introduction 设计导论3.Fundamentals of College Computer(大学计算机基础)4.Advanced Mathematics I 高数15.Introduction to Industrial Design 工业设计导论6.Design & Sketch 设计素描7.Foundation of Sketch 素描基础puter Practice 计算机上机实践9.Color Sketch Practice 色彩写生实习10.C++ Language Programming11.An Introduction to Environmental Science 环境科学概论12.Social Psychology 社会心理学13.Biological Materials and Human Bionics 生物材料与人体仿生14.Fundamentals of Two-dimensional Modeling 二维造型基础In this course I learn how to arrange the lines, shapes, points, texture and color a 15×15 cm paper.Line and shape. Literal lines do not exist in nature, but are the optical phenomena created when objects curve away from the viewer. Nonetheless, line-like shapes are for all intents considered line elements by the artist; for example, telephone and power cables or rigging on boats. Any such elements can be of dramatic use in the composition of the image. Additionally, less obvious lines can be created, intentionally or not, which influence the direction of the viewer's gaze. These could be the borders of areas of differing color or contrast, or sequences of discrete elements, or the artist may exaggerate or create lines perhaps as part of his style, for this purpose. Many lines without a clear subject point suggest chaos in the image and may conflict with the mood the artist is trying to evoke.Movement is also a source of line, and blur can also create a reaction. Subject lines by means of illusion contribute to both mood and , giving the illusion of depth. Oblique lines convey a sense of movement and angular lines generally convey a sense of dynamism and possibly tension. Lines can also direct attention towards the main subject of picture, or contribute to organization by dividing it into compartments.Color is characterized by attributes such as , , and . assigns additional associations, dependent on culture. For example, white has long suggested purity, but it can also take slightly different meanings such as peace, or innocence. However, in some places (for instance, Japan) it signifies death.Principles of organization: The artist determines what the center of interest of the art work will be, and composes the elements accordingly. The gaze of the viewer will then tend to linger over these points of interest. Elements are arranged with consideration of several factors into a harmonious whole which works together to produce the desired statement – a phenomenon commonly referred to as unity. Such factors in composition should not be confused with the elements of art themselves. For example, shape is an element; the usage of shape is characterized by various principles.15.Engineering Drawing C 工程制图16.Color Composition 色彩构成Color Composition is about the arrangement of color. This subject is first created byHochschul—Bauhaus. Color derives from the (distribution of power versus ) interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the . Color has 3 attributes: hue, lightness and colorfulness.Hue is the degree to which a stimulus can be described as similar to or different from stimuli that are described as , , , and ; Lightness is defined in a way to reflect the subjective brightness perception of a color for humans along a lightness–darkness axis. Colorfulness is the degree of difference between a color and . Chroma is the colorfulness relative to the of another color that appears white under similar viewing conditions. Saturation is the colorfulness of a color relative to its own brightness.Then there is 2 concept of color mixing, Addition Mix and Subtraction Mix. Addition Mix is the mix of colorful light, green, red and blue. After the mixing will the color lighter; Subtraction Mix is the mix of colorful objects, and the three primary colors are red, yellow and blue. Each time they mix become the color darker.Color Solid. A color solid is the three-dimensional representation of a , an analog of the two-dimensional . The added spatial allows a color solid to depict an added dimension of variation. Whereas a two-dimensional color wheel typically depicts the variables of (red, green, blue, etc.) and (gradations of light and dark), a color solid adds the variable of , allowing the sphere to depict all conceivable colors in an organized three-dimensional structure. and art critics find the color solid to be a useful means of organizing the three variables of color—hue, lightness, and saturation, as modelled in the —in a single schematic, using it as an aid in the composition and analysis of visual art.By changing these attributes we make color composition. For example, by using an achromatic color—black, white, and grey, we can make a product looks modern and high technique. Also, if we want the design something elegant for woman, we combine colors with the similar lightness, such as different degrees of pink. And with the arrangement of color we control the feelings of the users.Related to product design psychology17.Design Laws and Regulation 设计法规18.Industrial Design Methodology 工业设计方法学19.History of Industrial Design 工业设计史论(1)The importance of studying the history of industrial design: in these lessen we learn thecharacter of design in different periods. Therefore, we can know the trend of industrial design and design future products.(2)The idea of John Ruskin: John Ruskin thought highly about design, and he emphasized theconnections between nature, art and society. He argued that the principal role of the art and design is "truth to nature", and designers should learn more about the nature and use these elements into designs. In other hand he totally denied the possibility to make an industrial production prettier. He was against industrial materials like class and iron. And he insisted that we shouldn’t change the nature appearance and texture of a material.I think his ideas have both advantage and disadvantage. It’s sinful to learn from the naturebecause the nature is always so beautiful and attractive, and I’m also for the using of nature material like bamboo and wood, because they are green and environment friendly.However, I think he was wrong to object all the industrial material, because these man-made materials can be provided faster, so they’re just more suitable for the quantityproduction.(3)The Art and Crafts Movement (1850-1910)The Art and Crafts Movement was an international design movement that flourished between 1860 and 1910. It was inspired by the writings of . It was largely a reaction against the impoverished state of the decorative arts at the time and the conditions in which they were produced. It stood for traditional craftsmanship using simple forms and often applied medieval, romantic or folk styles of decoration. It advocated economic and social reform and has been said to be essentially anti-industrial.The Arts and Crafts style started as a search for aesthetic design and decoration and a reaction against the styles that were developed by machine-production.Arts and Crafts objects were simple in form, without superfluous or excessive decoration, and how they were constructed was often still visible. They tended to emphasize the qualities of the materials used ("truth to material"). They often had patterns inspired by British flora and fauna and used the vernacular, or domestic, traditions of the British countryside. Several designer-makers established workshops in rural areas and revived old techniques. They were influenced by the (1830–1880) and were interested in medieval styles, using bold forms and strong colors based on medieval designs. They claimed to believe in the moral purpose of art.(4)Art Nouvea (1880-1910)Art Nouveau is an international and of art, architecture and —especially the —that were most popular during 1890–1910. It was inspired by natural forms and structures, not only in flowers and plants but also in curved lines. Architects tried to harmonize with the natural environment. It is also considered a philosophy of design of furniture, which was designed according to the whole building and made part of ordinary life.Art Nouveau is considered now as an important transition between the of and modernism. Furthermore, Art Nouveau monuments are now recognized as significant contributions to cultural heritage.(5)The Machine Aesthetic (1900-1930)The principle of the Machine Aesthetic is presented by Louis Henry Sullivan. The principle is: form follows function. Then comes the famous Chicago School. is famous throughout the world and one style is referred to as the Chicago School. The style is also known as Commercial style. In the , the Chicago School was a of active in at the turn of the 20th century. They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial aesthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European . A "Second Chicago School" later emerged in the 1940s and 1970s which pioneered new building technologies and such as the .In this period are there some typical schools of thought:A.The Style. Proponents of De Stijl sought to express a new ideal of spiritual harmonyand order. They advocated pure and universality by a reduction to the essentials of and ; they simplified visual compositions to the vertical and horizontal directions, and used only along with and . It was posited on the fundamental principle of the geometry of the straight line, the square, and the rectangle, combined with a strong asymmetrically; the predominant use of pure primary colors with black and white; andthe relationship between positive and negative elements in an arrangement of non-objective forms and lines."Composition with Yellow, Blue, and Red—Piet MondrianRed and blue chair— Geritt RietveldB.ConstructivismConstructivism was an and philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1919, which was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. The movement was in favor of art as a practice for social purposes. Constructivism had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as and the movement. Its influence was pervasive, with major impacts upon architecture, graphic and industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and to some extent music.C.ModernismModernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes the modernist movement in the arts, its set of cultural tendencies and associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.In art, Modernism explicitly rejects the ideology of and makes use of the works of the past, through the application of reprise, incorporation, rewriting, recapitulation, revision and parody in new forms. Modernism also rejects the lingering certainty of thinking, as well as the idea of a compassionate, all-powerful Creator.In general, the term modernism encompasses the activities and output of those who felt the "traditional" forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, social organization and daily life were becoming outdated in the new economic, social, and political conditions of an emerging fully industrialized world.D.Scandinavia StyleScandinavian design emerged in the 1950s in the three countries (, and ), as well as .In this style can we find products with organic forms and humanity. It mixed the traditional design and the modern design, that is to say, the Scandinavian-style-product is not only functional but also pretty.IKEA for example is a typical Scandinavian brand. It uses delightful colors as well as organic curves, they look so kind and warm that everyone loves them. Besides, it do very well in the man-machine- relationship, and the products are comfortable to use. What’s more, Scandinavia productions are always cheap, so everyone can afford it.E.BauhausHow do you think about Bauhaus?Bauhaus developed a series of design courses like color composition and 3-D composition. Following the principle “less is more” it objected over decorations, and make elegant product with simple geometric. This style is not only classic but also great, because it combined products well with modern aesthetics. Also, since these products are easy to form, they become much cheaper and are very advantage to the common people.I personally admire the Bauhaus Chess Set designed by Josef Hartwig very much. JosefHartwig‘s chess set fulfilled the requirement that an object must be practical, durable, inexpensive and beautiful. Hartwig reduced the forms of his chess set to crosses,squares and circles, which consistently demonstrate the playing direction of the figures.I like this design very much, although I don’t play chess. I think it’s very creative, and it’san involution.However, Bauhaus also had shortcoming. For example, it over insisted the simple geometric form, so that sometimes it ignored the function of the product.F.Art Deco(1920-1939)Art Deco is an influential design style which first appeared in France during the 1920s, flourished internationally during the 30s and 40s, then waned in the post- era. It is an style that combines traditional with imagery and materials. The style is often characterized by rich colors, bold shapes and lavish ornamentation.Value:G.PopPop design presented a challenge to traditions of by including imagery from such as advertising, news, etc. In Pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, and/or combined with unrelated material. The concept of pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it.Pop art employs aspects of , such as , and mundane cultural objects. It is widely interpreted as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of , as well as an expansion upon them. And due to its utilization of and images it is similar to . Pop art is aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or elements of any given culture, most often through the use of . It is also associated with the artists' use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques.Much of pop art is considered incongruent, as the conceptual practices that are often used make it difficult for some to readily comprehend. Pop art and are considered to be art movements that precede , or are some of the earliest examples of Post-modern Art themselves.H.Post-ModernismCharacters: use many classic patterns; more decorative; use the forms to show the feelings, care about the relationship between human, environment and product.I.Neo-ModernismCharacter: like Modernism, Neo-Modernism also insists that the product should be functional. It follows the roll: less is more. However, it adds more symbols on products and makes it lively.J.High TechK.New trendsa.Green design: it insists the 3R-principle: Reduce, Recycle, Reuse.b.Design for Sustainability: Design should be environment friendly and also do goodsto the society.c.Emotional Design.d.Humanization: the products should provide more feelings, it also spreads morality.Sometimes it has a very interesting name.20.Model MakingThere’s many ways to make a model, like using plaster, plastic or clay. And in the model making lessons I made a model with plastic.I have a plastic model of a Tablet PC that I have designed. I choose this material because of its advantage: it’s smooth, easy to cut and rasp, and it has a certain size, and that’s good for a correct model. It’s about 27 multiply 17 centimeters. Firstly I draw all the patterns on the PVC-plastic board with pencil and ruler. I draw the patterns all in the middle of the board because the edge of the board is rough. The board is not very dick—about 2 millimeters, so I use a hook knife to cut it, each line about 3 times. After that I got pieces of patterns, all without fillet. I stick them into different parts together with chloroform. When it’s dry, I fixed them on a bench vice, use a filing to smooth the sticking edge and create the fillet. And when that’s finished, the next step is spray paint, I paint a layer, wait it to dry, and paint another layer. And these should be repeated for 3 times. And at last I stick all of these parts together and get a mode Tablet PC.21.Foundation of Industrial Design Engineering + Material Science 工业设计工程基础1+材料科学概论In these lessens I learned how to choose a material, their characters, and the process of them. Without the right material and process we can’t make a good design, because deferent products need different texture, weight and etc. That’s what we designer should learn some basic knowledge of the material science. When deciding a material for the product we should consider, if it’s functional, pretty, and economics of not. Some material are mentioned in these lessen.A.MetalA metal is an , , or that is a good of both and . Metals are usually , and shiny.The main ways of metalworking are:a.Casting. In , casting involves pouring liquid metal into a , which contains a hollow cavity ofthe desired shape, and then allowing it to cool and solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process.Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods.Casting processes have been widely used for , especially in , in , and weapons and tools.Traditional techniques include , and .b.Investment casting. Investment casting is an industrial process based on and also called ,one of the oldest known metal-forming techniques. From 5,000 years ago, when beeswax formed the pattern, to today’s high-technology waxes, refractory materials and specialist alloys, the castings allow the production of components with accuracy, repeatability, versatility and integrity in a variety of metals and high-performance alloys. is a modern form of investment casting that eliminates certain steps in the process.The process is generally used for small castings, but has been used to produce complete aircraft door frames, castings of up to 300 kg (660 lbs) and castings of up to 30 kg (66 lbs). It is generally more expensive per unit than or , but has lower equipment costs. It can produce complicated shapes that would be difficult or impossible with die casting, yet like that process, it requires little surface finishing and only minor machining.c.CuttingLaser Cutting: Laser cutting is a technology that uses a to cut materials, and is typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, but is also starting to be used by schools, small businesses, and hobbyists. Laser cutting works by directing the output of ahigh-power laser, by computer, at the material to be cut. The material then either melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, leaving an edge with a high-quality surface finish. Industrial laser cutters are used to cut flat-sheet material as well as structural and piping materials.B.Plastic. A plastic material is any of a wide range of or semi-synthetic solids that are .Plastics are typically of high , but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic, most commonly derived from , but many are partially natural. Plastic is very easy to form, strong but light, stable, and insulate.Due to their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility, and imperviousness to water, plastics are used in an enormous and expanding range of products, from paper clips to spaceships. They have already displaced many traditional materials, such as , , and , , , , , and , in most of their former uses.(PES) – , .(PET) – Carbonated drinks bottles, peanut butter jars, plastic film, microwavable packaging.(PE) – Wide range of inexpensive uses including supermarket bags, plastic bottles.(HDPE) – Detergent bottles, milk jugs, and molded plastic cases.(PVC) – Plumbing pipes and guttering, shower curtains, window frames, flooring.(PVDC) () – Food packaging.(LDPE) – , siding, floor tiles, shower curtains, clamshell packaging.(PP) – Bottle caps, drinking straws, yogurt containers, appliances, car fenders (bumpers), .(PS) – Packaging foam/"peanuts", food containers, plastic tableware, disposable cups, plates, cutlery, CD and cassette boxes.(HIPS) -: Refrigerator liners, food packaging, vending cups.(PA) () – Fibers, toothbrush bristles, tubing, , low strength machine parts: under-the-hood car engine parts or gun frames.(ABS) – Electronic equipment cases (e.g., computer monitors, printers, keyboards), drainage pipe.Polyethylene/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PE/ABS) – A slippery blend of PE and ABS used in low-duty dry bearings.(PC) – , , , security windows, traffic lights, lenses.Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PC/ABS) – A blend of PC and ABS that creates a stronger plastic. Used in car interior and exterior parts, and mobile phone bodies.(PU) – Cushioning foams, thermal insulation foams, surface coatings, printing rollers (Currently 6th or 7th most commonly used plastic material, for instance the most commonly used plastic in cars).The main processes are:a.Injection molding.Injection molding is a process for producing parts from bothand or other materials including metals, , and confections. Material is fed into a heated barrel, mixed, and forced into a mold cavity where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the cavity. After a product is designed, usually by an or an , molds are made by a (or toolmaker) from metal, usually either or , andprecision-machined to form the features of the desired part. Injection molding is widely used for manufacturing a variety of parts, from the smallest component to entire of .pression molding. Compression molding is a forming process in which a plasticmaterial is placed directly into a heated metal mold, then is softened by the heat, and forced to conform to the shape of the mold as the mold closes. Mostly thermoset materials are processed by this method.c.Extrusion molding is a process used to make , , , tracks, , and .The machine usematerials that are very similar to an machine. A motor turns a screw which feeds granules of plastic through a heater. The granules melt into a liquid which is forced through a , forming a long 'tube like' shape. The shape of the die determines the shape of the tube. The extrusion is then cooled and forms a solid shape. The tube may be printed upon, and cut at equal intervals. The pieces may be rolled for storage or packed together. Shapes that can result from extrusion include T-sections, U-sections, square sections, I-sections, L-sections and circular sections.d.Blow molding is a manufacturing process by which hollow parts are formed. Ingeneral, there are three main types of blow molding: extrusion blow molding, injection blow molding, and stretch blow molding. The blow molding process begins with melting down the plastic and forming it into a parison or preform. The parison isa tube-like piece of plastic with a hole in one end in which compressed air can passthrough. The parison is then clamped into a and air is pumped into it. The air pressure then pushes the plastic out to match the mold. Once the plastic has cooled and hardened the mold opens up and the part is ejected.The surface treatment of plastic contains:a.Coloration.b.Plating. Plating is a surface covering in which a is deposited on a surface. Plating isused to decorate objects, for corrosion inhibition, to improve solder ability, to harden, to improve wear ability, to reduce friction, to improve paint adhesion, to alter conductivity, for radiation shielding, and for other purposes. typically uses plating to give a or finish. has plated objects as small as an atom, therefore plating finds uses in .There are several plating methods, and many variations. In one method, a solid surface is covered with a metal sheet, and then heat and pressure are applied to fuse them (a version of this is ). Other plating techniques include under and .Recently, plating often refers to using liquids. refers to coating metal on non-metallic objectsc.Screen printing. Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a to support anink-blocking . The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or other printable materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a . A fill blade or is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink into the mesh openings for transfer by capillary action during the squeegee stroke. Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making in which a design is imposed on a screen of polyester or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance. Ink is forced into the mesh openings by the fill blade or and onto the printing surface during the squeegee stroke. It is also known as silkscreen, serigraphy,and serigraph printing. A number of screens can be used to produce a multicoloured image.mination（贴膜）. Lamination is the technique of manufacturing a material inmultiple layers, so that the composite material achieves improved strength, stability, appearance or other properties from the use of differing materials. A laminate is usually permanently assembled by heat, pressure, welding, or adhesives.e.Hot stamping. Hot stamping is a dry printing method in which a heated die and foilare used to apply graphics to a surface. This is one method of .Hot stamping is a straightforward process:1. A die is mounted and heated,2.Foil is positioned above the material to be imprinted,3. A combination of heat, dwell time, pressure and stripping time control the qualityof the stamp.Foil stamping is environmentally friendly due to it being a dry process. It does notuse solvents or inks and does not create any harmful vapors.A successful hot stamping job is directly related to the quality of the originalartwork. In order to insure the highest quality reproduction of an imprint, theoriginal artwork should be “camera-ready”. The better the artwork at thebeginning, the better the imprint reproduction result. The key to a successful hotstamping job is threefold; the first is creating a fixture to support the part firmlyunder the decorating area. Second, the fixture must also position the part forrepeatability of the graphic location. And third, the fixture must allow theoperator to easily load and unload the part from the fixture.C.Rubber. Natural rubber comes from. Although it exhibits many excellent properties,natural rubber is often inferior to synthetic rubbers, especially with respect to its thermal stability and its compatibility with petroleum products.Synthetic rubber is made by the polymerization of a variety of petroleum-based precursors called. Monomers can be mixed in various proportions to be to produce products with a range of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The monomers can be produced pure and the addition of impurities or additives can be controlled by design to give optimal properties.D.Glass. Glass is an solid material. Glasses are typically and optically. Glass is always widely usedas decoration, and it’s also hard and stable.Production of glass: Following the preparation and mixing, the raw materials are transported to the furnace.for is melted in. Smaller scale furnaces for specialty glasses include electric melters, pot furnaces, and day tanks.After melting, homogenization and refining (removal of bubbles), the glass is. Flat glass for windows and similar applications is formed by the process. The top surface of the glass is subjected to nitrogen under pressure to obtain a polished finish.Container glass for common bottles and jars is formed by methods. Further glass forming techniques are summarized in the table. Once the desired form is obtained, glass is usually for the removal of stresses. Surface treatments, coatings or may follow to improve the chemical durability (,), strength (,,), or optical properties (,).E.Wood. Wood is a hard, fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and。
