为中国龙辩护 关于龙的英文翻译研究
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为中国龙辩护关于龙的英文翻译研究为中国龙辩护---关于“龙”的英文翻译研究“龙”其实是一种精神纽带,把海外华人与祖国联系在一起的一种精神纽带,在海外华人的心中“龙”代表祖国,在喜庆的节日出舞龙,实际上是通过“龙”这个符号来表达对中华民族、对祖国的热爱,“龙”已经成了一种符号。
中西方对“龙”的理解存在严重误区2005年11月11日,北京奥运会组委会宣布了2008年北京奥运会吉祥物名单,组委会认为“龙”在全球的理解不同,所以没有选择“龙”作为吉祥物。
因为,龙在西方文化中的称谓是“dragon”(恶魔),所以组委会最终选择了福娃作为吉祥物。
11月12日,北京的一个官方组织召开会议,定龙的翻译为“loag”。
反对将“龙”翻译为“dragon”,是因为西方的“dragon”有个特点是杀生,而且会喷火,这些在我们中国的龙文化中是没有的。
而且西方人将这个“dragon”作为正义的反面,也就是邪恶。
有些人认为让外国人来改变对“dragon”的看法,但这是不可能的。
“Dragon”在西方文化中它是最大的恶魔,而“dragon”被翻译成“龙”,所以中文版的《圣经》里“龙”都是恶魔。
所以中国的信基督教的人家里是不能有“龙”的。
在西方有个传统的英雄人物叫圣·乔治,他是专门杀龙救美的大英雄,因为杀死“dragon”是正义的。
2011年英国的一艘最新的驱逐舰被命名为“dragon”,这艘军舰的格言为:“我们只向圣乔治投降”。
我们或许认为,一艘新的军舰刚要下水,就想好了向谁投降,这对我们中国人来说就会感觉很奇怪,但西方人却认为很幽默。
为什么“dragon”只能向圣·乔治投降,因为在欧洲神话中,杀死“dragon”的人为圣·乔治。
西方的很多戏剧、电影、动画中圣·乔治都是英雄,它成为人们的偶像,有专门的圣乔治符号。
“dragon”既然是恶魔,那为什么被用来军舰的名字呢?这种军舰一种造了6艘,英国由四个行政区组成,后来我分析这可能是为了体现民族团结或者军民团结,每一艘军舰都和各个行政区的首府联系在一起,类似中国的军民结对子,我后来看到跟学校、团体等结成对子,刚才那艘军舰是跟威尔士地区结成对子,因为威尔士人是崇拜“dragon”的,所以它用“dragon”。
对中国龙的认识英文作文Here is an English essay on the topic of "Understanding the Chinese Dragon" with more than 600 words:The Chinese dragon is a mythical creature that has been a central figure in Chinese culture for thousands of years. It is a unique and iconic symbol that represents the essence of Chinese civilization, embodying a rich tapestry of beliefs, traditions, and aspirations. As an international audience, it is crucial to develop a deeper understanding of the Chinese dragon to appreciate the profound significance it holds within the Chinese context.At the core of the Chinese dragon's symbolism is the concept of power and authority. The dragon is often depicted as a majestic, serpentine creature with the ability to control the elements, including water, fire, and wind. This reflects the Chinese belief in the dragon's supreme dominance and its ability to influence the natural world. The dragon's association with the emperor and the ruling class further reinforces its status as a symbol of power, leadership, and the divine right to rule.Beyond its political and social significance, the Chinese dragon alsoholds profound spiritual and philosophical meaning. In traditional Chinese cosmology, the dragon is believed to be a benevolent and auspicious entity, representing the harmonious balance between the yin and yang principles. The dragon's ability to fly and navigate the celestial realms is seen as a connection between the earthly and the heavenly, making it a conduit for spiritual enlightenment and divine blessings.The enduring legacy of the Chinese dragon can be witnessed in various aspects of Chinese culture and art. In architecture, the dragon motif is ubiquitous, adorning the roofs, eaves, and facades of temples, palaces, and other significant buildings. This architectural integration not only serves a decorative purpose but also imbues the structures with a sense of power, grandeur, and divine protection.Similarly, the dragon's presence is deeply woven into Chinese folk traditions and celebrations. The annual Dragon Boat Festival, for instance, commemorates the legendary story of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet who sacrificed his life to save his beloved country. The vibrant dragon boat races, accompanied by the rhythmic beating of drums, symbolize the enduring spirit of the Chinese people and their unwavering dedication to their cultural heritage.Furthermore, the Chinese dragon has transcended its cultural boundaries and gained global recognition as a symbol of China's richand ancient civilization. Its distinctive features, such as the horned head, scaly body, and clawed feet, have become instantly recognizable worldwide, serving as a powerful representation of China's unique identity and the country's growing influence on the global stage.In conclusion, the Chinese dragon is a multifaceted and complex symbol that encapsulates the essence of Chinese culture, history, and philosophy. From its association with power and authority to its spiritual and philosophical significance, the dragon continues to captivate and inspire people around the world. As we strive to deepen our understanding of this iconic figure, we not only gain insights into the rich tapestry of Chinese civilization but also appreciate the enduring relevance and the enduring legacy of the Chinese dragon.。
中国龙英语作文范文The Chinese dragon is one of the most iconic and revered symbols in Chinese culture. Unlike the fearsome dragons depicted in Western mythology, the Chinese dragon is often seen as a benevolent creature, embodying power, strength, and good fortune. Traditionally, it represents the emperor and is associated with water, rain, and agriculture, playing a crucial role in Chinese society.In Chinese folklore, dragons are believed to have control over water and weather. They are often depicted as long, serpentine creatures with the ability to summon rain and ensure good harvests. This connection to water makes the dragon an essential figure during festivals, especially the Dragon Boat Festival, where dragon boat races are held to honor and celebrate these mythical beings.The appearance of the Chinese dragon is distinct and unique. It typically has a long, winding body covered in scales, with four legs and a fierce-looking head adorned with antler-like horns, a long beard, and sharp teeth. The dragon is often depicted flyingthrough the clouds or swimming in rivers, illustrating its dominion over both land and water.Chinese dragons are also significant in art and architecture. They can be found in various forms, from intricate carvings on temples to vibrant paintings on silk. Their images are often used to symbolize power and protection, making them a popular motif in decorative arts.Furthermore, dragons hold a special place in the Chinese zodiac. The Year of the Dragon is considered one of the most auspicious years, bringing luck and prosperity to those born under this sign. People born in the Year of the Dragon are believed to possess qualities such as confidence, intelligence, and charisma.In conclusion, the Chinese dragon is a powerful symbol deeply embedded in the cultural heritage of China. Its representation of strength, wisdom, and good fortune continues to inspire and captivate people around the world. Whether through festivals, art, or folklore, the Chinese dragon remains a beloved and celebrated figure in Chinese society.中文翻译:中国龙是中国文化中最具标志性和受到崇敬的象征之一。
中国龙和西方龙有什么区别英语作文(中英文实用版)The Differences between Chinese Dragons and Western DragonsDragons are mythical creatures that have been celebrated in various cultures around the world.However, the representations and meanings of dragons differ significantly between Eastern and Western cultures.In this essay, we will explore the distinctions between Chinese dragons and Western dragons.Chinese dragons are traditionally seen as symbols of power, wisdom, and prosperity.They are depicted as long, snake-like creatures with four legs, scales, and no wings.In Chinese folklore, dragons are often associated with water and are believed to rule over rivers, lakes, and the ocean.They are not depicted as fire-breathing creatures, but rather as benevolent beings that bring rain and blessings to the land.Chinese dragons are also closely linked to the imperial family, with the emperor being known as the "Son of Heaven" and the "Dragon King."In contrast, Western dragons are typically portrayed as fearsome, fire-breathing creatures with wings, claws, and a scaly body.They are often depicted as evil or malevolent beings that hoist treasure and kidnap princesses.In Western folklore, dragons are usually seen as enemies that need to be slain by brave knights.They symbolize chaos,destruction, and the unknown, representing the darker aspects of human nature.Here are some key differences between Chinese dragons and Western dragons:1.Physical Appearance: Chinese dragons have a more serpent-like body with no wings, while Western dragons have a stockier build with large wings.2.Nature and Symbolism: Chinese dragons are generally seen as benevolent and wise, symbolizing power and prosperity.Western dragons are often depicted as malevolent and destructive, representing evil and chaos.3.Cultural Significance: Chinese dragons are closely associated with the imperial family and are considered to be the rulers of water and weather.Western dragons do not have such close ties to royalty and are more associated with mythical tales and legends.4.Representation in Art: Chinese dragons are often depicted in intricate and colorful designs, reflecting their positive attributes.Western dragons are usually portrayed in a more realistic and fearsome manner, emphasizing their negative qualities.In conclusion, the differences between Chinese dragons and Western dragons reflect the diverse cultural perspectives on these mythical creatures.While Chinese dragons are seen as symbols of powerand wisdom, Western dragons are often associated with destruction and evil.Understanding these distinctions can provide insight into the rich tapestry of cultural beliefs and storytelling traditions.中国龙与西方龙的区别龙是全世界各种文化中都被赞美的神秘生物。
Abstract“龙” is the counterpart of the word “dragon” in Chinese. But most of the time, they are not quite the same. They even have opposite meanings. Therefore, this essay will analyze the similarities and differences between “龙” and “dragon” in many aspects.Key words:“龙”“dragon” similarities differences摘要“龙”和“dragon”是英汉中相对应的两个词,但是很多时候它们是不完全相同的,甚至是意义相反的。
因此,本文将从多个方面分析“龙”和“dragon”的相似点与差别。
关键词:“龙”“dragon”相似差别“龙”与“dragon”的对比研究1 绪论中华儿女一直有一个响当当的称号,那就是龙的传人,龙在中华文化中的地位和意义可见一斑,“龙”一词在汉语中应用广泛,意义繁多。
在英语中,与“龙”一词相对应的是“dragon”。
在翻译的时候,我们经常会理所当然地把“龙”译为“dragon”或者把“dragon”译成“龙”,这在很多时候是不准确甚至是错误的,因为二者之间既有相似点也存在很大的差别。
12 所指具体形象的比较中国“龙”与英语中的“dragon”的所指具体形象在起源、外形特征和所具备的特异功能方面既存在相似点也存在差别。
2.1 起源2.1.1 中国龙的起源据文献记载,龙在中国古代确实存在,但那时的龙是可供人食用或者饲养的动物,因此其与我们今天所说的龙是不同的。
提到汉语中的龙,首先要了解一个概念,那就是图腾崇拜。
所谓图腾,就是原始时代人们把某种动物、植物或非生物等当做自己的亲属、祖先或保护神,相信它们拥有超自然的力量,可以保护和庇佑自己。
辩论稿-正方:龙的英译应该改辩论稿-正方:龙的英译应该改一辩陈词:尊敬的评委、主席、对方辩友、观众朋友们:大家好!众所周知,中国作为“四大文明古国”之一,历史悠久,文化灿烂;中华民族作为世界民族之林的“一枝独秀”,其文化底蕴更是深不可测。
作为中华民族的图腾和象征,“龙”不仅代表了中华民族“上翔于天,下潜于海,播云布雨,祈祝和平”的良好愿望,更是千千万万炎黄子孙共同的精神寄托、灵魂归属。
在中国,龙不仅是喜庆、吉祥、高贵、勇敢的象征,更是强盛、繁荣、正义、威猛的代名词。
在中国民间,有赛龙舟、舞长龙的民俗,更有“二月二,龙抬头”的节气,龙在中国家喻户晓,妇儒皆知,可以说,“龙”就是中国,中国就是“龙”。
“地方的,才是世界的!”作为一种民族文化符号,龙的形象早已传遍五大洲,欧美等西方国家民众对“中国龙”也可谓“耳熟能详”。
正是在这样的背景下,问题出来了,这个“耳熟能详”的“龙”,在西方国家到底传达了一种什么样的文化信息、文化特色、文化内涵呢?大家知道,现在,“龙”在西方国家普遍翻译为“Dragon”。
什么是Dragon?Dragon在《圣经》中代表魔鬼、撒旦,长着“七头十角、尾巴拖拉着天上星辰、凶恶无比、要吃新生儿”的红色巨型怪兽。
为什么会如此翻译呢?据许多中国语言学者考究,这主要是因为“龙”在被引入西方世界时,由于最初的翻译者只是简单地考虑了龙与Dragon在外形上的某种相似性,而根本就没有考虑到中国文化中代表吉祥、喜庆的“龙”和西方文化中代表邪恶、诱惑的恶兽“Dragon”之间的重大区别。
由于“先入为主”,由于“口耳相传”,由于“将错就错”,由于“一脉相承”,导致Dragon一词被错误地当成了“龙”的官方译法。
“Dragon”和“龙”的错误互译,直接导致了中国龙在西方世界被误解和歪曲。
在当代西方社会,“Dragon”经常被用来形容悍妇、坏脾气的人、赤字、火灾,甚至恐怖主义,这些附加的贬义,与中国正义、威力、英勇、呼风唤雨而致风调雨顺的“龙”的文化内涵相去甚远、甚至直接相悖。
结合语义学相关理论谈汉字“龙”的最佳翻译摘要:本文结合语义学的相关理论,针对有关汉字“龙”的四种英文翻译进行分析,最终探讨出一种最佳的英译即“long”,并给出了相应的理由。
关键词:龙;dragon;loong;liong;long2008年北京奥运会吉祥物的评选过程中,呼声最高的中国龙(chinese dragon)落选了。
针对此事,奥组委给予的解释是:“dragon”一词会使世界人民误解中国,带来不利影响。
故此,引发了一场修正汉字“龙”的英文翻译的风波。
龙自古以来就是中华民族的象征,在中国人眼中被看作瑞兽,拥有巨大的力量且吉祥、尊贵。
龙被认为是风和雨的制造者、神话中的龙王爷可以为人民带来风调雨顺。
龙属于中国文化的一部分,它是连接全世界华人的精神纽带,中国人都自豪地称自己为“龙的传人”。
由此看来,给出汉字“龙”一最佳的英文翻译显得至关重要,其英译要充分展现出“龙”在中国人心目中的地位,同时也要唤起西方人对“龙”的敬仰。
下面结合语义学的相关理论来分析常见的四种汉字“龙”的英文翻译,以期寻求出一种最佳的英译方法。
一、中国的龙不能与西方的“dragon”画等号“dragon”是西方文化中一个重要现象,在西方生活中影响极大,家喻户晓。
西方人眼中的“dragon”身躯庞大而笨拙,大多是黑色,长着巨大的翅膀,口中吐火,能吞噬任何人和动物,相貌非常丑陋恐怖,与中国龙完全是两样。
西方的政治漫画用“dragon”代表恐怖主义、德国法西斯和日本军国主义,象征贪污腐败。
在西方电影中,醒来的“dragon”及其后代被描述成未来世界的毁灭者。
“dragon lady”指的是“凶悍的女人”,在西方父母也经常这样教育其孩子:everyone has adragon to slay.由此可以看出中国人眼中的“龙”和西方人眼中的“dragon”的形象是大相径庭,在这里通过利奇有关意义叫:分法”的理论中的概念义、联想义、社会义、感情义和反映义对二者进行对比分析,从而得出二者之问不能画等号的结论。
关于中国龙的提问英语作文The Chinese dragon is a legendary creature in Chinese mythology and folklore. It is a symbol of power, strength, and good luck. The dragon is often associated with the Emperor of China and is a prominent figure in Chinese New Year celebrations.1. What is the Chinese dragon?The Chinese dragon is a mythological creature with a long, scaled body, sharp claws, and the ability to fly. It is often depicted with a fiery breath and is believed to have control over the weather and water.2. What is the significance of the Chinese dragon?The Chinese dragon is a symbol of power, strength, and good luck. It is also associated with the Emperor of China and is a symbol of imperial authority. In Chinese culture, the dragon is revered as a divine mythical creature and is often seen as a guardian of the people.3. How is the Chinese dragon celebrated in Chinese culture?The Chinese dragon is a central figure in Chinese New Year celebrations. During the festival, dragon dances are performed by a team of dancers who manipulate a long flexible dragon figure. The dragon dance is believed to bring good luck and prosperity for the coming year.4. What are the different types of Chinese dragons?In Chinese mythology, there are different types of dragons, each with its own unique characteristics. These include the celestial dragon, the spiritual dragon, the earth dragon, and the dragon of hidden treasures. Each type of dragon is associated with different aspects of nature and the universe.5. What is the origin of the Chinese dragon?The origin of the Chinese dragon can be traced back to ancient Chinese mythology and folklore. It is believed that the concept of the dragon was influenced by various animal totems and mythical creatures from Chinese history.关于中国龙中国龙是中国神话和民间传说中的传奇生物。
“龙”的英文,dragon的中文作者:曾泰元来源:《英语学习》2017年第08期今年三月的全国两会期间,有全国政协委员提案,希望纠正长久以来“龙”的翻译错误。
这位政协委员主张,中国的龙不是西方的dragon,西方的dragon也不等于中国的龙。
他建议将“龙”的英文音译为loong,将dragon的中文音译为“拽根”。
据说这已经是该委员连续第三年在全国两会提案建议此事,新闻见诸媒体之后,研究词汇翻译的我又想起了11年前的一桩旧案,性质多有类似。
2006年底,大陆有一场关于“龙”的文化论战,当时学界为“龙”的英译争论得沸沸扬扬。
批评方认为,dragon作为中国龙的英译,实乃善恶不分,指鹿为马,是个严重错误,必须严肃加以修正。
他们从“龙”的传统英译“dragon”着手,借由松动语言学上的“能指”(语言符号)和“所指”(事物观念),希望让dragon这个语言符号与中国龙脱钩,借此与dragon所代表的负面形象划清界限。
西方传统中的dragon是一种蛇蜥一体的神话怪物,千百年来象征了邪恶恐怖,与中国人心中象征祥瑞、皇权的龙有着天渊之别。
这条dragon是古英语史诗主角“贝奥武夫”(Beowulf)欲除之而后快的魔兽,也是英格兰守护神“圣乔治”(St. George)要杀戮的恶煞。
现代英文里的dragon也可以用来骂人,指的是凶狠泼辣、令人生畏的“母老虎”。
中文的“龙”与英文的dragon在本义(denotation)上有些接近,指的都是神话传说中类似的巨兽,可是二者的含义(connotation)却判若天壤,大相径庭,中文的“龙”崇高神圣,西方的dragon恐怖邪恶。
当时的批评方积极地为“龙”另觅英文的新词,坚决要与dragon分道扬镳。
因此除了旧式的威妥玛拼音lung、新式的汉语拼音long纳入考虑之外,部分人士还曾构思出一些颇具特色的创新,如loong(音译兼象形,两个o代表龙的两个眼睛)、liong(音译兼联想,闽南语的音译加上狮子lion的联想),希望另起炉灶,给中文的“龙”找全新的英文对应。
从小而美的角度讲述中国龙英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1(该文章内容以中国传统文化中的龙为主题,结合小而美的理念进行讲述。
)The Dragon is a symbol of power, strength, and good fortune in Chinese culture. For thousands of years, the dragon has been revered and worshipped as a divine being in China. It is believed to bring prosperity and blessings to those who believe in it. In recent years, the concept of "small is beautiful" has gained popularity in China, advocating for a simpler, more sustainable way of living. In this essay, we will explore how the ancient myth of the Chinese dragon embodies the philosophy of "small is beautiful".The Chinese dragon is unlike the Western dragon, which is often portrayed as a fire-breathing monster that terrorizes villages and hoards treasure. Instead, the Chinese dragon is a benevolent creature that brings rain and protects the people. It is a symbol of unity and harmony, embodying the perfect balance between yin and yang. The dragon is believed to control theforces of nature, bringing rain to nourish the crops and ensuring a bountiful harvest.In Chinese culture, the dragon is also associated with the emperor, who is believed to be the son of heaven and the intermediary between heaven and earth. The emperor is seen as the embodiment of the dragon, possessing the wisdom and power of this mythical creature. The dragon robe, worn by the emperor during important ceremonies, is adorned with the image of the dragon, symbolizing the emperor's divine right to rule.The concept of "small is beautiful" can be seen in the way the Chinese dragon is depicted in art and literature. Unlike the grandiose and fearsome dragons of Western mythology, the Chinese dragon is often portrayed in a more modest and understated manner. It is depicted as a graceful and elegant creature, with a long, serpentine body and gentle demeanor. This reflects the Chinese belief that true power lies not in size and strength, but in wisdom and humility.The Chinese dragon is also associated with the concept of qi, or energy, which flows through all living beings. It is believed that the dragon can harness this energy and channel it for the benefit of the people. This is similar to the "small is beautiful"philosophy, which encourages people to live in harmony with nature and harness its resources in a sustainable and responsible manner.In conclusion, the Chinese dragon embodies the philosophy of "small is beautiful" in its graceful and modest portrayal. It is a symbol of power and good fortune, but also of wisdom and humility. By embracing the ideals of the Chinese dragon, we can learn to live in harmony with nature and cultivate a more sustainable way of life. Just as the dragon brings blessings and prosperity to the people, so too can we find peace and fulfillment by embracing the principles of "small is beautiful".篇2China Dragon EnglishIn recent years, there has been a growing trend in China towards the concept of "small but beautiful", or "从小而美" in Chinese. This idea emphasizes the importance of focusing on quality and detail in all aspects of life, rather than constantly striving for bigger and more impressive results. One area where this concept is particularly relevant is in the teaching of English as a second language, which has become increasingly importantin China as the country looks to become more connected to the global community.One of the key principles of the "small but beautiful" approach to English teaching is the importance of starting with the basics and building a strong foundation before moving on to more advanced skills. This means focusing on things like basic vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, rather than trying to teach students to speak fluently right from the start. By taking the time to master these fundamental skills, students are able to build a solid base of knowledge that they can later expand upon as they progress in their language learning.Another aspect of the "small but beautiful" approach to English teaching is the emphasis on personalized learning and individualized instruction. This means tailoring lessons to the specific needs and abilities of each student, rather than relying on a one-size-fits-all approach. By taking the time to understand each student's strengths and weaknesses, teachers can provide targeted support and feedback that helps students to improve their English skills more effectively.In addition to these principles, the "small but beautiful" approach to English teaching also emphasizes the importance of creating a positive and supportive learning environment. Thismeans fostering a sense of community and collaboration among students, as well as creating opportunities for them to practice their English skills in authentic and meaningful contexts. By creating a supportive and engaging learning environment, teachers can help students to feel more motivated and confident in their language learning, leading to better outcomes in the long run.Overall, the concept of "small but beautiful" has the potential to revolutionize the way English is taught in China, by encouraging a focus on quality, detail, and personalized instruction. By taking a more holistic approach to language learning, teachers can help students to develop a deeper and more meaningful understanding of English, ultimately leading to greater success in their language learning journey.篇3Title: The Beauty of Smallness: Chinese DragonsIn Chinese culture, dragons are revered creatures symbolizing power, strength, and good fortune. These mythical beings appear in traditional stories, art, and celebrations, bringing joy and luck to those who encounter them. Whiledragons are often depicted as massive, majestic beasts, there is a different perspective that emphasizes the beauty of smallness.The concept of "small is beautiful" can be seen in the Chinese belief that greatness can be found in the tiniest of details. This philosophy is reflected in the design of Chinese dragons, which are often portrayed in intricate patterns and delicate colors. These smaller dragons may not be as imposing as their larger counterparts, but they possess a unique charm and elegance that captivate observers.One example of the beauty of small dragons can be found in the art of Chinese paper cutting. Artisans meticulously carve intricate dragon designs out of paper, creating stunning works of art that showcase the beauty and complexity of these mythical creatures. Through the skillful hands of these artists, even the smallest details of the dragon's scales and claws are brought to life, highlighting the exquisite craftsmanship and attention to detail that characterize Chinese art.In addition to art, small dragons play a significant role in Chinese festivals and celebrations. During the Chinese New Year, dragon dances are performed in streets and squares, with dancers manipulating smaller dragon puppets to mimic the movements of a real dragon. These performances are a sight tobehold, as the colorful dragons twist and twirl in a mesmerizing display of agility and grace.Furthermore, small dragon motifs can be found in everyday objects, such as clothing, jewelry, and household decorations. These subtle yet meaningful symbols serve as reminders of the power and strength that dragons represent while adding a touch of elegance to the wearer or their surroundings.The beauty of small dragons extends beyond their physical appearance to encompass their symbolic significance in Chinese culture. Dragons are revered for their ability to bring good luck and prosperity, making them a popular motif in Chinese folklore and traditions. From ancient myths to modern-day customs, dragons continue to inspire awe and admiration, embodying the values of resilience, wisdom, and perseverance.In conclusion, the beauty of small dragons lies in their intricate details, elegant designs, and symbolic meanings. These mythical creatures exemplify the Chinese philosophy of finding greatness in the smallest of things, reminding us that beauty can be found in the most unexpected places. By embracing the concept of "small is beautiful," we can appreciate the charm and allure of these magnificent creatures and gain a deeper understanding of the rich cultural heritage they represent.。
为中国龙辩护---关于“龙”的英文翻译研究
“龙”其实是一种精神纽带,把海外华人与祖国联系在一起的一种精神纽带,在海外华人的心中“龙”代表祖国,在喜庆的节日出舞龙,实际上是通过“龙”这个符号来表达对中华民族、对祖国的热爱,“龙”已经成了一种符号。
中西方对“龙”的理解存在严重误区
2005年11月11日,北京奥运会组委会宣布了2008年北京奥运会吉祥物名单,组委会认为“龙”在全球的理解不同,所以没有选择“龙”作为吉祥物。
因为,龙在西方文化中的称谓是“dragon”(恶魔),所以组委会最终选择了福娃作为吉祥物。
11月12日,北京的一个官方组织召开会议,定龙的翻译为“loag”。
反对将“龙”翻译为“dragon”,是因为西方的“dragon”有个特点是杀生,而且会喷火,这些在我们中国的龙文化中是没有的。
而且西方人将这个“dragon”作为正义的反面,也就是邪恶。
有些人认为让外国人来改变对“dragon”的看法,但这是不可能的。
“Dragon”在西方文化中它是最大的恶魔,而“dragon”被翻译成“龙”,所以中文版的《圣经》里“龙”都是恶魔。
所以中国的信基督教的人家里是不能有“龙”的。
在西方有个传统的英雄人物叫圣·乔治,他是专门杀龙救美的大英雄,因为杀死“dragon”是正义的。
2011年英国的一艘最新的驱逐舰被命名为“dragon”,这艘军舰的格言为:“我们只向圣乔治投降”。
我们或许认为,一艘新的军舰刚要下水,就想好了向谁投降,这对我们中国人来说就会感觉很奇怪,但西方人却认为很幽默。
为什么“dragon”只能向圣·乔治投降,因为在欧洲神话中,杀死“dragon”的人为圣·乔治。
西方的很多戏剧、电影、动画中圣·乔治都是英雄,它成为人们的偶像,有专门的圣乔治符号。
“dragon”既然是恶魔,那为什么被用来军舰的名字呢?
这种军舰一种造了6艘,英国由四个行政区组成,后来我分析这可能是为了体现民族团结或者军民团结,每一艘军舰都和各个行政区的首府联系在一起,类似中国的军民结对子,我后来看到跟学校、团体等结成对子,刚才那艘军舰是跟威尔士地区结成对子,因为威尔士人是崇拜“dragon”的,所以它用“dragon”。
而古代威尔士人又长期抵抗英格兰人的征服,我后来分析它是为了统战的需要,才
取名为“dragon”。
Dragon号军舰见了谁都要斗争,但是圣·乔治来了它就要乖乖的听话。
另外一个例子,新闻中报道美国的“龙飞船”发射成功,一开始我感觉很自豪,后来经过调查,我发现这是一家美国的私人公司,专门制作飞船,老板喜欢以“dragon”为主角的卡通故事,所以就把他的飞船命名为dragon号,但其实与中国是没有丝毫关系的。
用中国字典里的“龙”翻译过来,其实背后完全是两码事。
不适当的翻译导致了很复杂的文化问题
西方的大量漫画也用“dragon”象征恶魔、敌人。
漫画《圣乔治和dragon》,用“dragon”象征伊拉克、基地组织等,是敌人的象征。
“Dragon”还有一个特点,它有好几个头,杀死一个还能长出很多个头。
西方文化中dragon lady 也是凶恶的,还有一个传说,就是每一个人都有一个“dragon”等着你去杀死,有个网站叫作“dragon的杀手”,是个残疾儿童的网站,鼓励儿童要勇敢去杀死“dragon”。
这种不适当的翻译问题导致出现了有很多复杂的文化问题。
癌症病人在自己博客上画dragon象征病魔;美国广告中,由于新的三维电视立体效果太强,也用“dragon”表示可怕的东西;欺诈,也用dragon。
目前还没有找到象征正面事物的dragon,埃博拉病也用dragon来表示。
西方有很多著作讲中国威胁论,并用“dragon”作为封面,也就是中国是恶魔。
翻译也是洗脑,也是宣传。
外国的中小学经常用时政漫画作为教学材料。
老师在给学生们讲课,第一节课讲纳粹是“dragon”,第二节课说本·拉登是“dragon”,第三节课说China是“dragon”,然后,这个小孩子就想,我爷爷杀死了纳粹“dragon”,我爸爸杀死了本·拉登“dragon”,我长大应该做什么,“dragon”长大就来了,要杀死“China dragon”,所以这个就是洗脑,他们从小就潜移默化。
而我们搞翻译的人不会造航空母舰不要紧,但不要把人家的航空母舰引过来打我们。
龙是中国人精神认同的符号
那么,在中国“龙”究竟什么的象征?是不是中国皇朝的象征?
关于龙文化的起源,目前的资料都是不对的,包括闻一多先生的观点以及综合起来的也是有问题的。
人们把很多传说加到龙的身上,其实都是善意的小迷信。
关于龙有好有坏。
龙起源于人类对河流善恶两重性的理解。
人类首先把河流生物化,也就是蛇;然后又把河流人格化,祈祷河流不要泛滥;到后来又神圣化。
闻一多先生他们只从形上边解释龙,没有从内涵上解释。
从开始的河流、蛇、龙蛇,其实人类也是
把龙当作人类来看,分为好龙、坏龙。
龙是蛇身人首的可能性比较小。
好龙坏龙归根结底从河流的善恶两重性而来。
其实“龙”在几千年前就有,那时并没有皇帝。
“龙”在中国现在主要是吉祥和
力量的象征,是中国文化的象征。
望子成龙就是希望孩子成为人才,并不是要让孩子成为皇帝;乘龙快婿是希
望有一个优秀的女婿;中国的企业也是用大量的“龙”做名字,有次我去山东曲阜,发现当地很多企业都用“龙”做企业名字,但并不是意味着他们要恢复帝制。
我认为,“龙”其实是一种精神纽带,把海外华人与祖国联系在一起的一种精神纽带,在海外华人的心中“龙”代表祖国,在喜庆的节日出舞龙,实际上是通过“龙”这个符号来表达对中华民族、对祖国的热爱,“龙”已经成了一种符号。
人是
需要精神符号的,如美国总统宣誓就职的时候,手一定会放在《圣经》上,精神符号的东西全世界都是一样的。
而中国人作为“龙的传人”的确是一种新的东西,并不是古代就有的。
中国的龙文化研究专家也很痛苦,认为无法解释,后来我说很好解释,“龙的传人”这种说法出来,实际上把我们每个中国人心中有,但是我们不知道怎么说出来的精神符号被说出来了,因为这个概念很好地代表了我们中国人对中国文化的认同。
中国的对外翻译要有民族自信
中国对外翻译要向日本学习,和日语的英文的翻译相比,从中文的英语翻译上看,中国人是缺少自信和勇气的,比如白酒,我们翻译成“white wine”,但其
实这是白葡萄酒的意思,而外国产品进入中国都是音译的如“伏特加”,伏特加就跟中国的二锅头一样,人家都是音译的,香槟也是、啤酒也是。
实际上我们中国词语完全可以音译英语,baijiu——白酒;京剧——“Jingju”而不是符合西方人的习惯去翻译成“beijing opera”,外国人以为是中国的西洋歌剧;北方人过年要吃饺子,结果被翻译成“dumpling”,我查了下,这是“意大利面疙瘩”的意思,完全没有中
国饺子的文化内涵,中国人不敢直接翻译成“饺子”,而是借用外国的翻译,于是外国人因此很困惑,感觉中国人过年为什么要吃“意大利面疙瘩”。
结果,当下很多中国人自己在捍卫外语的纯洁性却抛弃了中国文化。
而日本的歌舞伎,被日本人直接翻译成“kakuke”;清酒也没有叫成“Japanese wine”,而是叫“sakei”;有一部电影讲一些澳大利亚的士兵和医护人员被日本兵俘虏后在监狱里如何跟日本人斗争,其中有一个伤重员,医生要给他开刀,没有麻醉剂,护士直接到日本的司令部,直接说“我要sakei”,就很清楚。
所以一个名
词的对外翻译叫什么,直接体现了民族文化的自信。
还比如寿司,直接叫“shousi”。
1905年一个报纸上,日本的俳句,就叫“paiju”,然后做了一个副标题——最短的诗,就直接翻译。
不存在大家认识不认识的问题。
【作者介绍:黄佶,华东师范大学传播学院新闻学系副教授。
著有专著《资本异论——关于商品交换和利润来源的思考》、中国政改模式《中国政改路径底层设计图》、学术论文《龙的重新翻译与跨文化传播研究》等。
本文为作者之演讲整理。
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(来源:共识网作者赐稿作者:黄佶转载请注明)。