专八人文知识
- 格式:doc
- 大小:76.00 KB
- 文档页数:6
第一章英语国家概括第一节英国概括Ⅰ地理有四个部分组成great Britain(England,Wales,Scotland)and northern IrelandⅡ地理特征最短的海峡strait of Dover 多佛海峡1 England the pennies 英格兰最主要的山脉2 Scotland three natural zone :the highlands central lowlands the southern uplands ,首都是Edinburgh ,river Clyde 克莱德河3 Wales Cardiff 最大的城市和首府4 northern Ireland Belfast 英国最大的湖是内伊湖(Lough Neagh)5 Rivers and lakes最长的是Severn river(赛文河),第二长和最重要的是泰晤士河,(Thames river),典型的海洋性气候(maritime climate)Ⅲ人口60million ,英国人是Anglo-Saxons,苏格兰人hospitable and generous,Wales are emotional and cheerful people,北爱尔兰的官方语言是爱尔兰语,其次才是英语ethic groups 伦敦是最大的少数名族聚居区ⅣHistory:1 first settlers are Lberians (伊利比亚人)2 1066(Norman conquer)1215 (大宪章)1337—1453(英法百年战争)1381(农民起义)1458(玫瑰战争,1350-1650(Renaissance)1642-1646(first civil war ),1658(the restoration 王朝复辟)1688(the glorious revolution)Ⅴ教育实行的是5-16岁都必须前去学习ⅥReligionEstablished churches分为the Church of England(official church ,英国君主必须是这个教的成员主教和大主教由monarch 指定)and the Church of Scotland(Presbyterian,长老教会)Unestablished churches: the Anglican churches 英国圣公会,the free churches 自由教,the roman catholic church 天主教Ⅶ主要节日Christmas day December 25th Easter 复活节(主要的天主教节日)whit Sunday(圣灵降临节,复活节后的第7个周日)Gay Fawkes day (盖伊福克斯之夜,11月5日,燃放烟火的节日)Ⅷsports ,足球是最受欢迎的(职业足球从August 到May),最典型的英国运动是cricket,板球)网球(annual Wimbledon fortnightⅨArts 博物馆(the British museum,the national history museum .the national army museum ,the national gallery)Music (甲壳虫乐队,the Beatles ,first national music day was held in 1992,the most famous music festival is the Edinburgh international festival of music and dramaⅩmedia (BBC ,daily Express Daily mail daily mirror , daily star ,financial times ,the Guardian, the times (泰晤士报)the observer (the first Sunday newspaper)ⅪPoliticalconstitutional monarchy,没有宪法,全靠惯例,parliament (the house of lord and the house of commons,任期为五年)political party :labor party(Whigs 辉格党) and conservative party(Tories 托利党)第二节美国概括Ⅰyellow National park(大平原地带),大峡谷(the grand canvon ,in Arizona ,phoenix is the largest city in the intermountain region ,the largest commercial city( san Francisco, also the second largest city in California )ⅡAlaska and Hawaii (Alaska 居住着Inuits,also called Eskimos)Hawaii (Mauna Loa ,莫纳罗亚山,the world’s largest active volcano,盛产sugar cane and pineapple,首府是Honolulu)Ⅲ地理特征1 两大主要山脉是,Appalachian mountains and rocky mountains ,2 the Mississippi river (greatest continental rivers,American Ruhr ),Ohio river(俄亥俄河)3 the great lakes:lake Michigan(唯一一个在美国境内),lake superior(世界上最大的淡水湖),the lake Huron(休伦湖)lake Erie(伊利湖)and lake Ontario(安大略湖)Ⅳhistory1620,201 pilgrim,mayflower,1774(September, first continental congress), on April 19 ,1775 (,the second continental congress),1776( declaration of independence) , in September 1783, (英国承认其独立,签署停火协议),1789(established federal government),1812(和英国开战,认识到强大的联邦政府的重要)1861-1865(civil war),gilded age (镀金时代,国内战争到20世纪初),1949(north Atlantic treaty),1950s (civil rights movement)1950-1975(the Vietnam war),1972(Watergate scandal)1972 (访华),1979(中美建交)ⅤAmerican political美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪法,(1789讨论成立,国会两院,三分之二以上赞成便可以对宪法进行修改。
专八人文知识真题答案答案解析本文将针对专八人文知识真题进行答案解析,帮助读者更好地理解和掌握相关知识点。
一、古代文学古代文学是中国优秀文化遗产的重要组成部分,对于理解中国传统文化和思想具有重要意义。
其中,诗、词、曲是古代文学中的重要体裁。
1. 诗诗是古代文学的瑰宝,通过简洁而富有意境的语言表达了诗人的情感和思想。
唐代被誉为诗歌的黄金时代,诸如李白、杜甫、白居易等诗人的作品至今仍被广泛传诵。
2. 词词是一种以抒情为主的韵文体裁,在宋代达到了极高的艺术成就。
苏轼、辛弃疾等词人的作品以其直抒胸臆、婉约清丽的风格受到了广泛的赞誉。
3. 曲曲是中国戏曲中的重要组成部分,融合了音乐、舞蹈和表演等艺术形式。
元曲和京剧是中国曲艺的两个代表性流派,具有独特的审美风格和表演技巧。
二、中国古代哲学思想中国古代哲学思想是世界文化宝库的瑰宝,深深影响着中国人民的价值观和世界观。
1. 儒家思想儒家思想强调人伦关系和道德伦理,注重个人修养和家庭和谐。
儒家思想的核心思想是“仁”,提出了仁者爱人、以文化教化人、推崇中庸的理念。
2. 道家思想道家思想主张顺应自然、追求真道和无为而治。
道家强调宇宙规律和自然法则,提出了“道可道,非常道”和“无为而治”的观念。
3. 墨家思想墨家思想主张兼爱、非攻,反对战争和压迫。
墨家的核心思想是“非攻”和“兼爱”,主张用爱代替战争,实现社会和谐与人类共荣。
三、中国古代艺术中国古代艺术以其独特的审美风格和艺术表现形式而闻名于世。
1. 中国古代绘画中国古代绘画以山水画、花鸟画和人物画为主要表现形式,注重“意境”的呈现。
历史上有许多著名的绘画家,如吴道子、顾恺之等,他们的作品至今仍被广泛赞誉。
2. 中国古代书法中国古代书法是中国文化的瑰宝,以其独特的艺术形式和审美追求而备受推崇。
楷书、行书、草书和隶书等是中国古代书法的主要流派。
3. 中国古代音乐中国古代音乐以其独特的音律和表演形式而享誉世界。
传统的古琴、笛子、二胡等是中国古代音乐中的代表乐器,让人们感受到中国古代音乐的魅力。
人文知识讲义2004年2月全国英语考试专业教学指导委员会修订专八考试大纲,2005年正式实施,开始新增人文知识的内容。
主要包括:英语国家概括、英语语言文学知识、和英语语言学知识。
测试要求:1 英语国家地理、历史、文化、教育等等。
4题。
主要考察英国、美国必有(地理、历史、文化和政治),加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰概括,爱尔兰没有出现,2 英语文学知识。
3题。
文学部分英美文学作家作品,流派、文学贡献也会出现,及格律3 英语语言学知识。
3题。
语言学基本概念,及其代表理论、代表著作注意:人文一般不会考很偏的知识第一章英语国家概况第一节美国地理:东南西北地理位置、人口3亿(人口最多的是加州、德州、纽约州、佛罗里达州等,主要为印第安人,首先移民到此是英国人和荷兰人)、星条旗为国旗(13和50)、国徽白头鹰、国歌《星条旗永不落》(1931年通过)、首都华盛顿哥伦比亚特区,属于中央政府管理。
50州,最大阿拉斯加,最小罗得岛州,美国本土最大德克萨斯州。
美国又称为Uncle Sam(1961年美国国会正式承认),国花为玫瑰Rose。
美国本土共分为6大地区:New England:6州,最重要为马萨诸塞州(波士顿)、罗德岛州(普罗维登斯)和新罕布什尔(康科德)。
总统大选初选开始于新罕布什尔。
1 美国诞生地和独立战争的主要战场。
2 波士顿美国最古老的城市,有麻省理工学院和哈佛。
波士顿的龙虾很有名3 新英格兰人又称为yankees.the Middle Atlantic States: 7州、最重要的为纽约州、宾州、新泽西州和马里兰州。
1 白宫和国会山在华盛顿特区。
2 纽约是美国最大的城市,联合国大厦等等著名建筑在此。
共有5个区:分别是曼哈顿、皇后、布鲁克林、布朗克斯和斯塔滕岛。
有帝国大厦和自由女神像。
哥伦比亚大学和康奈尔大学。
纽约称为big apple。
3 尼亚加拉大瀑布在纽约州的水牛城。
4 葛底斯堡位于宾州,林肯曾在此发表过演讲。
Part 1 英语国家概况第一章英国第一节概述1 英国四部分首都英格兰(England)首都London,苏格兰(Scotland)首都爱丁堡(Edinburgh),威尔士(Wales)首都加的夫(Cardiff)北爱尔兰(Northern Ireland)首都贝尔法斯特(Belfast)2 英格兰占地面积为整个岛屿的60%(13万平方公里)3 南面的(south)的英吉利海峡(English channel)与东面的(east)的北海(North sea)将英国与欧洲其他部分隔开。
4 爱尔兰的官方语言(official language)是Irish,第二语言是English5 Scotland 位于北部(northernmost part)6 主要作物是大麦(wheat)和小麦(barley)7 最佳农业区是英格兰的东南部(northeast)8 70%的劳动力集中在服务业(service)9 农民仅占人口2%,管理70%的土地。
10 运输业,家庭取暖系统(domestic heating system),食品供应(food supply)很大程度上依赖于石油(oil )11 在19世纪造船业(shipbuilding)中世界领先12 England 的人口最多第二节地理1 本尼维斯山(Ben Nevis)是英国最高的山(highest mountain)2 斯克菲尔峰(Scafell)是英格兰最高峰(highest peak)3 塞文河(Severn River)是英国最长的河(longest river)4 泰晤士河(Thames River)是英国第二大河和最重要的河流(second and most important river)5 内伊湖(Lough Neagh)是英国最大的湖(largest lake),位于北爱尔兰6 英吉利海峡(The English Channel)是分隔England和France的狭窄海道,连接大西洋(Atlantic ocean)与北海(North Sea)7 英国是海洋性气候(the maritime type),由于受墨西哥湾流(the Gulf Stream)的影响,比同纬度其他地方温度高(warmer),温和适中,冬天温和,夏天凉爽,天气多变(changeable),有时会在一天经历四季变化。
专八人文知识总结人文知识广泛涵盖了人类文化、历史、艺术、哲学等领域的知识内容,是对人类智慧和精神创造的总结与归纳。
在专八考试中,人文知识是一个重要的考察点,下面将对人文知识进行总结与梳理。
一、文化艺术1. 中国传统文化:中国悠久的历史和深厚的文化底蕴是中华民族的瑰宝,包括中国儒家思想、道家思想、佛教文化、中国古代文学、绘画、书法以及传统音乐、舞蹈等。
这些都是中国文化的精髓,也是中国人民的精神支柱。
2. 西方文化:西方文化源远流长,包括希腊罗马文化、基督教文化、文艺复兴运动、启蒙运动、现代主义艺术等。
西方文化对世界文化的发展和影响不可忽视,它形成了独特的西方审美观和艺术风格。
3. 艺术形式与艺术家:艺术是人类精神的表达和创造,包括音乐、绘画、雕塑、建筑、文学等艺术形式。
世界上有很多伟大的艺术家,如达·芬奇、米开朗基罗、莎士比亚、贝多芬等,他们的作品影响了世界,并成为人类文化的瑰宝。
二、历史1. 世界古代史:古代文明的兴衰是人类社会发展的缩影,从埃及、希腊、罗马到中国、印度等,每个古代文明都有其独特的历史背景和文化特点。
了解这些古代文明对于理解人类文明发展的脉络和演变具有重要意义。
2. 中国近现代史:中国的近现代史经历了清朝的衰落、封建社会的瓦解、列强入侵、辛亥革命、抗日战争、解放战争和新中国的建立等重大事件。
深入了解中国近现代史,可以理解中国社会的变革和现代化进程。
3. 世界现代史:20世纪是世界历史上变革最为剧烈的时期,包括两次世界大战、冷战、殖民地解放、科技革命等重大事件。
掌握世界现代史的知识,可以理解世界格局的演变和国际关系的发展。
三、哲学思想1. 中国哲学思想:中国哲学思想独具特色,包括儒家思想、道家思想、墨家思想、法家思想、名家思想等。
这些思想体系对中国社会和人民的思维方式和行为准则产生了深远影响。
2. 西方哲学思想:西方哲学思想源远流长,包括柏拉图主义、亚里士多德主义、康德哲学、黑格尔哲学、存在主义等。
专八必背人文知识1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中,对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法,研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学,以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym : 首字母组合词,首字母缩略词,比如,NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼,但VOA是 Initialism。
6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻,一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法,如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量,对面来了三个“红领巾”也是,以红领巾指代少先队员。
专八人文知识一、概况1. 英国:①国旗:Union Jack,国歌:Godsave the queen,首都:伦敦②爱丁堡:苏格兰首府,Cardiff:威尔士首府,Belfast:北爱尔兰首府,英联邦成立于1931年,共53个成员国。
③英格兰脊梁:the Pennine Chain,最高峰:Ben Nevis,最重要的河:Thames river,第一大河:Severn river④英国政治:议会君主制,君主仅是国家首脑,真正的权利在首相(Prime Minister)及其内阁(cabinet)手中。
议会(Parliament)是立法机构,包括女王、上院(house of lords)、下院(house of commons)(权利真正来源)。
司法(judiciary)⑤党派:保守党(来源托利党)和工党(来源辉格党)2. 美国:①国旗:stars and stripes,国歌:the star-spangled banner星条旗永不落,国庆:7月4日,首都:华盛顿②北美脊梁:Rocky Mountains,五大湖(在美国和加拿大中间):Lake Michigan/Superior/Erie/Huron/Ontario, 其中Lake Michigan是唯一一个全在美国的湖,Lake Ontario 和Lake Erie 之间有Niagara Falls,father of waters: the Mississippi River③纽约被称为“the Big Apple”,洛杉矶:有好莱坞,芝加哥:又名“the windy city”,旧金山:UN诞生地(1945年),波士顿:很多著名大学所在地④著名总统:Thomas Jefferson:撰写独立宣言,Abraham Lincoln:内战时期任职,废除奴隶制,解放妇女等,Roosevelt在经济大萧条时新政,Nixon:冷战及越南战争(楚门条约)⑤1812年,美国彻底摆脱英国控制。
1、英语国家地理概况4分2、英美文学部分3分3、词汇部分3分这十分分值虽然相对较小,但覆盖面挺大,比如地理概况就包括六个英语国家的基本知识,复习起来似乎有点力不从心,其实不然。
I、先拿第一个来说,地理概况无非是注重英美两国方面,在复习其他四个国家时不用那么深入,只要知其一二即可(首都/首府总得记吧?),而英美方面的知识对于我们英语专业的学生来说应该有所了解,只是没有系统地去整理,如果在整理一遍之后,我想会柳暗花明!当然如果你本身一直以来对各个国家都相当了解,那我说你已吃定这4分。
II、英美文学方面就有点头疼了,特别对于那些在平时对它忽略不计的朋友们此时根本不知道从何下手,不用慌,你慌也没用,只有拿起课本,将一个个作家对应他们最有名的著作(最简单的复习方式)列在一起,进行归类,即可。
如果想全部拿下这3分就要再关注一些他们的写作特点,作品中的主人公等。
III、这部分在我看来是最容易拿分的,复习的时候只要将sytax, semantics, pragmatics,等概念弄清楚,把Chomski和另外有名的语言学家对应的理论记一下就可。
当然这是对那些平时不鸟语言学的朋友说的。
对于平时认真听讲也想稳拿这3分的还要系统的总结一下,做到疏而不漏。
希望对赴考途中的朋友们有所帮助!人文知识总结,希望在临考前有最好的冲刺状态.加油!美国概况:1.The traditional dividing line in America between " east" and " west" is The Mississippi River.2.The traditional dividing line in America between "South " and "North" is The Missouri River.3.The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain.4.Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is Africa Americans .5.America has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.6.The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by The World War 2.7.In the United States, primary education requires6 years.8.Most college students in the United States are in public institutions.9.The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court.10.Louisana (which state ) is not governed by the common law.11.Of the fifty states of America, 38 states now have the death penalty as punishment.12.The four major regions of the United Sates are Northeast, South, Mid-west, West.13.The New England (Northeast)region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.14.California is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.15."Hollywood"is often used as a synonym for American film.16.The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a Typical Continental climate.17.Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its Automobile industry.18.The natives of the continent of the America are the Indians.19.New York is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.20.Washington D.C. is named after both George Washington and Christopher Columbus.21.American and British English are two varieties of the English language.22.The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was Abraham Lincon.23.Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is Rohode Island.24.The number of the Representatives (众议院)from each American state depends on the population.25.The statue of liberty was given to American people by French as a gift in 1884.26.John Fitzgerald Kennedy is 35th president.27.In 1837, the first college-level institution for women , Mount Holyoke Female Seminary ,opened in Massachusetts to serve the “ Muslim sex”.28.The capital of Massachusetts is Boston.29.Seattle is Washington’s largest city.30.Washington D.C., the capital of U.S. is situated on the Potomac River banks.31.When did the American Civil War break out? 1861.32.In which day is Halloween celebrated? 31 October.33.The founding fathers of the American Republic :George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin.34.The New Deal was started by Franklin Roosevelt.35.The United States was rated 4 in the world in terms of land areas.36.The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by boards of education.37.The Bill of Rights consists of 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791 .38.The United States produces as much as much as half of the world’s soybeans and corn.39.Televison invention marked the beginning of “The Age of Visual Information”.40.The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from John Locke.41.The District of Manhattan is in the city of New York.42.The seats in the Senate(参议院) are allocated to different states equality (have two seats).43.The Rocky Mountains is located in the Northwest of America,44.Hollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to Los Angles.45.Newsweek is American newspaper, The Guardian , The Daily Telegraph is England, The International Herald Tribune is French.46.The U.S. is called a “melting pot” because people from different races live there together .47.The first Puritans came to America on the ship May Flower.48.Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May to honor those who have given their life for country.(阵亡将士纪念日)49.“Trick or Treat” is a phrase that children often use when they celebrated Halloween.50.The Easter egg and the hare, two of the symbols most frequently associated with Easter,are considered to present fertility and new life.51.The world-famous Havard University is in Massachusetts (Cambridge).52.Broadway (百老汇) is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment.53.Yellowstone National Park (黄石国家公园), Grand Canyon(大峡谷), St. Patrick’s Cathedral(圣派翠克大教堂) are the tourist attraction in the United States.54.Ronald Reagan was an actor before he became the President.55.New Englanders were originally known as Yankees, which come to stand for all Americans.56.On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in New York, which housed the government then.57.Henry Fond was the first man to mass production.The Fall Line瀑布线:A point where water-falls or rapids suddenly drop from a higher level to the lower one.瀑布线指的是瀑布急速地从高处向低处流泻的点。
1.The first known settlers of Britain were ____.答案:the Iberians2. On the island of Great Britain, there are three political divisions--- ____.答案:England,Scotland,and Wales3. Great Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the ____ in the south.答案:English Channel4. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands, and the ____ are mainly lowlands.答案:east and south5. The most important river in Britain is____.答案:the Thames6. Britain‟s longest river is ____.答案:the Severn7. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.答案:Ben Nevis8. The Highlanders are the ____ who live in the mountainous region of the Highlands.答案:Scots9. The Eisteddfod is a(n)——festival of poetry, music and the others.答案:Welsh10. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in _____.答案:55 BC11. Christianity was first brought to England by ____.答案:the Romans12. William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in____.答案:106613. When the Hundred Years‟ War ended in 1453, the only part of France that was still in the hands of English is ____.j答案:Calais14. In England, the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was ____.答案:the Gunpowder Plot15. The law, which joined England and Scotland in 1707, was ____.答案:the Act of Union16. The Tories were the forerunners of ____,which still bears this nickname today.答案:the Conservative Party17. In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ____.答案:the Prime Minister18. The Norwegian Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the ____ century.答案:8th19. ____ is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.答案:The English Civil War20. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____.答案:commonwealth law21. The British Parliament consists of three parts except____.答案:the Cabinet22. A parliament has a maximum of ____ years, but in practice general elections are usually held before the end of this term.答案:523. In Britain, capital punishment for murder has been abolished but it remains the penalty for____.答案:piracy and treason24. Education is compulsory for all between the ages of ____ in Great Britain except in North Ireland.答案:5 and 1625. The University of Oxford and Cambridge date from the ____ centuries.答案:12th and 13th26. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend ____.答案:comprehensive schools27. The most famous art festival in Britain is ____.答案:the Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Drama28. The most popular sport in England is ____ which was developed into its modern form in the 19th century.答案:soccer29. The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, ____.答案:177630. The largest lake in Britain is____.答案:the Lough Neagh31. The origin of the American party system can be traced to ____.答案:the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti-Federalists32. The Hundred Years‟ War between Britain and France was fought ____.答案:from 1337 to 145333. The second largest state of the United States is ____.答案:Texas1. William Faulkner is the author of ____.答案:The Sound and the Fury2. Robert Frost is a famous____.答案:poet3. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____.答案:Ernest Hemingway4. Which of the following is NOT written by William Shakespeare?A. Othello.B. The Tragic History of Dr Faustus.C. Romeo and Juliet.D. The Twelfth Night.答案:B The Tragic History of Dr. Faustus5. Beowulf narrates a story taking place in ____.答案:Scandinavia6._____ refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.答案:Irony7.William Wordsworth is an English ____.答案:poet8. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is ____.答案:Walden9. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT ____.A. DublinersB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC. Jude the ObscureD. Ulysses答案:C Jude the Obscure10. The Bronte sisters published the following famous novels EXCEPT ____.A. EmmaB. Jane EyreC. Wuthering HeightD. Agnes Grey答案:A. Emma11. In which novel can “Yahoo” be found?答案:Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels12. The Victorian age was largely an age of ____, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.答案:critical realism13. Mark Twain shaped the world‟s view of American and made a combination of ____ and serious literature.答案:American folk humor14. Who was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War?答案:Washington Irving.15. Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by ____.答案:John Milton16. I have a Dream is addressed by ____.答案:Martin Luther King17. Which of the following is a poem by Emily Dickinson?A. Song of MyselfB. The Raven.C. A Red Red RoseD. Because I Could Not Stop for Death答案:D. Because I Could Not Stop for Death18. Eugene O‟Neill is an American ____.答案:playwright19. The Romantic Age in England came to an end with the death of ____.答案:Walter Scott20. In the works of aestheticism, the theory of “art for art‟s sake” is advocated by ____.答案:0scar Wilde21. Whose works are characterized by stream-of-consciousness?答案:James Joyce22. The most famous work by Chaucer is ____.答案:The Canterbury Tales23. The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ____ in the literary history of the United States.答案:Age of Realism24. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by ____.答案:P.B.Shelley25. Which of the following is NOT Shakespeare‟s tragedy?A. The Merchant of Venice.B. King LearC. HamletD. Othello26. Leaves of Grass is written by ____.答案:Walt Whitman27. William Mak epeace Thackeray‟s most famous work is ____.答案:Vanity Fair28. Dover Beach is written by ____.答案:Matthew Arnold29. The period of Old English Literature refers to ____.答案:449-106630. Moby Dick is the most important work by ____.答案:Herman Melville31. O. Henry earned his fame mainly for his ____.答案:short stories32. The typical feature of Robert Browning‟s poetry is the ____.答案:dramatic monologue33. ____ is the most famous novel of Francis Scott Fitzgerald?答案:The Great Gatsby34. Morte d‟ Arthur is a famous work by ____.答案:Thomas Malory1. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?A. Language is a system.B. Language is symbolic.C. Animals also have languages.D. Language is arbitrary.答案:C. Animals also have languages.2.Which of the following choices is NOT a constituent?A. I like the song.B. IC. songD. 1ike答案:A. I like the song.3. Of the following sound combinations, only is ____ permissible.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk答案:A. kibl4. The relation between the determiner ……this” and the noun “man” in the phrase ……this man‟‟ is ____.5. The sentence that has an NP and a VP is mostly shown in a ____ formula “S→*NP+VP”.答案:1inear6. “Big” and “small” are a pair of ____ opposites.答案:gradable7. Which of the following phrases is exocentric?A. women and menB. on the tableC. a clever boyD. an ugly man答案:B. on the table8. Arbitrariness of language was first discussed by ____.答案:Saussure9. Which pair of words is NOT a minimal pair?A. cat/batB. put/butC. jig/pigD. sit/bit答案:B. put/but10. Which function is the major role of language?答案:Informative11. If two sounds are in complementary distribution, they are ____of the same phoneme.答案:allophones12. Which branch of study CANNOT be included in the scope of linguistics?A. Syntax.B. Pragmatics.C. Phonetics.D. Anthropology答案:D. Anthropology13. Atom is a word of ____ origin.答案:Greek14. The distinction of language and parole is made by ____.答案:Saussure15. ____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.答案:Affixes16. ____ is the study of the relationship between symbols and their interpreter.答案:Pragmatics17. ____is the defining properties of units like nouns (number, gender, case, etc.) and verbs (tense, aspect, voice, etc.).答案:Categories18. The noun “tear‟‟ and the verb “tear” are ____.答案:homographs19. The ____ function of language is one of the most powerful uses of language because it is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or something.答案:emotive20. The term ____ may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.答案:diachronic linguistics21. ____examines how meaning is encoded in a language.22. Saussure distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker as ____.答案:1angue23. This fundamental distinction between competence and performance is discussed by ____.答案:Chomsky24. An affix can be added to certain type of ____ to form a new word.答案:stem25. In a sentence, which of the following is usually NOT stressed?A. NounsB. VerbsC. PrepositionsD. Adjectives答案:C. Prepositions26. The maxim of ____ requires that a participant‟s contribution be relevant to the conversation.答案:relation27. The relationship between “meat” and “meet” is ____.答案:homonymy28. That there is no direct link between language and the real world is the view of ____ concerning the study of meaning.答案:conceptualist29. What are the dual structures of language?答案:Sounds and meaning.30.Where are the vocal cords?答案:Inside the larynx.31. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?A. Language is a means of verbal communication.B. Language is some arbitrary symbols.C. The language system is unique to human being.D. Language is yet to be understood.答案:B. Language is some arbitrary symbols.32. ____ studies the sound system in a certain language.答案:Phonology33. ____ is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.答案:Morpheme。