真题】考研英语历年真题逐句翻译-

【真题】考研英语历年真题逐句翻译（2020年Text1）英语二

第一段

①Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can

identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.

②To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San

Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.

翻译译文：

老鼠等动物需要对同类发出的社交信号高度敏感，这样它们才能分辨哪些是可以合作的朋友，哪些是应该避开的敌人。为弄清这一敏感性是否在面对非生命物体时仍适用，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的拉蕾·奎因及其同事进行了一项试验，观察老鼠是否能够感知机器鼠发出的社交信号。

第二段

①They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial-for four

days.

②The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse

with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.

翻译译文：

研究人员让8只成年鼠与2只不同类型的机器鼠——一只爱社交，一只不合群——共处一室4天。这两只机器鼠外形相当简约抽象，就像矮胖版的电脑鼠标，靠轮子四处移动，带有鲜艳的标记。

第三段

①During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the

same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.

②Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.

翻译译文：

在试验过程中，社交机器鼠跟随生物鼠们四处走动，玩同样的玩具，还会打开笼门让被困老鼠逃脱。在此期间，非社交机器鼠则只是前后、左右移动。

第四段

①Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release

them by pressing a lever.

②Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 per cent more likely on average to set the social

robot free than the asocial one.

③This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being,says Quinn.

④The rats may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like

communal exploring and playing.

⑤This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot

to return the favour when they get trapped, she says.

翻译译文：

接下来，研究人员将机器鼠关进笼子，并给老鼠一个按下控制杆解救机器鼠的机会。在对每只(生物鼠)各18次的试验中，生物鼠解救社交机器鼠的几率比解救非社交机器鼠的几率平均高出52%。奎因称，这表明老鼠将社交机器鼠看作了真正的社交生物。老鼠们可能因先前社交机器鼠表现出集体探险及游戏等行为而与其建立了更强的情感纽带。她认为，这可能会使老鼠们更清楚记起自己之前曾经解救过机器鼠，并希望自己受困时能得到它相应的回报。

第五段

“Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation，including

what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has previously

helped them，”says Quinn.

翻译译文：

“已有研究表明，老鼠会进行多种形式的互助及合作，其中包括被称为‘直接互惠’的行为，即老鼠会帮助之前曾帮助过自己的另一只老鼠。”奎因说道。

第六段

①The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.

②The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.

③“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on

it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of

Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.

翻译译文：

出人意料的是，这只社交机器鼠的设计如此简陋，老鼠却仍愿意与它交朋友。这只机器鼠虽与普通老鼠大小相当，外形却像一个带轮子的简易塑料盒。“我们原以为必须给它加上活动的头和尾巴，面部特征和以假乱真的老鼠气味才行，但结果证明没有必要。”澳大利亚昆士兰大学的珍妮特·怀尔斯说道，她协助了此次研究。

第七段

①The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic

robots,says Wiles.

②Similarly children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only

simple social signals.

③“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, ”says

Wiles.

翻译译文：

怀尔斯指出，该发现表明老鼠对于社交信号非常敏感，即便这些信号来自简单的机器鼠。与之相似，儿童也往往将机器人视为同类，即便这些机器人只能发出简单的社交信号。“我们人类似乎被机器人深深吸引，事实证明其他动物也一样。”怀尔斯说道。

试卷习题

21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can______

[A]pick up social signals from non-living rats

[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one

[C]attain sociable traits through special training

[D] send out warning messages to their fellow

翻译：

21.奎因和同事进行了一项试验，观察老鼠是否能_______

[A]接收非生命鼠发出的社交信号

[B]分辨一只老鼠是敌是友

[C]通过特殊训练掌握社交技能

[D]向同伴们发出警告信息

翻译解析：

[定位]首段末句介绍奎因等的研究目标(tested whether) ：测试老鼠是否能察觉机器鼠发出的社交信号，[A]正确。

[解密]题干+[A] ”同义改写首段末句， if...pickup...from non-living rats替换whether...detect...from robotic rats/non-living beings。

[B] 、[C] 均利用①句已知信息干扰， [B] 改写identify friends...and enemies， 但“接收社交信号以分辨敌友”是老鼠已被证实的能力， 而非待证实的能力；[C] 将need to be highly

attuned to social signals断章取义为“老鼠对社交信号不够敏感”，并在此基础上臆断研究者想要观察是否可通过特殊训练提升其技能(attain...through special training) 。[D] 将研究目标“观察老鼠能否接收/识别(detect) 机器鼠(其相似物) 发出的社交信息”窜改为完全反向的“观察老鼠是否会向其发出(send out) 信息”。

[总结]本题就首段命制事实题，意在考查新研究的目的，要求考生辨别“研究背景/已知信息”与“研究目标/待验证信息”。可采用思路：先由②句To find out if this extends to...梳理首段逻辑“①句先介绍已知信息，②句引出研究者在已知信息基础之上的进一步研究”，从而明确“②句为正确项来源， 且①句很可能被用于设置干扰”。随后重点分析②句， 可进一步锁定正确项来源whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats， 并结合前半句得知robotic rats代表non-living beings， 从而确定[A]正确。其余选项或利用①句背景信息干扰([B]、[C])，或窜改研究目标([D])。