毕业论文外文翻译要求The requirements for the translation of the foreign language section of the graduation thesis are as follows:1. Word Count: The translated foreign language section should be around 700 words.2. Accuracy: Ensure the translated text accurately reflects the original meaning and intent of the foreign language source. It should be free from any substantial errors or omissions.3. Language Style: Maintain a professional and academic tone throughout the translation. Use appropriate terminology and vocabulary to convey the subject matter effectively.4. Grammar and Syntax: Follow the rules of grammar and syntax in the target language. Pay attention to sentence structure, verb agreement, and correct word order.5. Consistency: Ensure consistency throughout the translation. Use the same terminology and style for recurring words, phrases, and concepts.6. Flow and Cohesion: Maintain the flow and cohesion of the translated text. Use appropriate transition words and phrases to connect ideas and ensure a smooth reading experience.7. Cultural Sensitivity: Take into account any cultural nuances or references that might require adaptation or explanation in the translated text. Consider the target audience's cultural backgroundand adapt the language accordingly.8. Formatting: Format the translated text to match the formatting requirements of the graduation thesis. Ensure proper indentation, paragraph spacing, and font style.9. Proofreading: Thoroughly proofread the translated text to identify and correct any typos, spelling errors, or grammatical mistakes.10. Delivery: Submit the translated foreign language section within the specified deadline. Provide the translated text in a compatible format, such as a Word document or PDF file.By adhering to these requirements, the translated foreign language section of the graduation thesis will meet the desired standards of quality and accuracy.。
如何成为一个好的译者英语作文英文回答：To be a good translator, one needs to possess a multitude of skills and attributes. These include:1. Fluency in both source and target languages: This is the most fundamental requirement for any translator. Translators must be able to understand the source text perfectly and express it accurately and fluently in the target language.2. Excellent writing skills in the target language: Translators must be able to write clearly, concisely, and error-free in the target language. They should have a strong command of grammar, vocabulary, and style.3. Knowledge of the subject matter: Translators should have a good understanding of the subject matter of the text they are translating. This will help them to translateaccurately and convey the meaning of the text effectively.4. Cultural awareness: Translators should be aware of the cultural context of both the source and target languages. This will help them to avoid cultural misunderstandings and ensure that the translation is appropriate for the target audience.5. Attention to detail: Translators must be meticulous and pay close attention to detail. They should carefully check their work for errors and ensure that the translation is accurate and complete.6. Professionalism: Translators should be professional and ethical in their work. They should meet deadlines, maintain confidentiality, and respect the copyright of the original author.中文回答：如何成为一名优秀的译者。
Unit 1Warm-up Questions:1. What is art? Do you think translation is an art? Why ?What is art?I could tell you that art plays a large part in making our lives infinitely rich. On the other hand, art is such a large part of our everyday lives that we may hardly even stop to think about it. Your shoes are art. Your coffee cup is art. So, you could say "Art is something that is both functional and (hopefully) aesthetically pleasing to our eyes."Do you think translation is an art? Why ?Translation is an art. It is not only faithful to the original passage but also have the life of its own. An excellent translation is creative and skillful, which conveys the same meaning to people who live in different language systems. The same meaning is not only referring to the words’ meaning itself, but also involved in the sound, the structure and even the artistic conception. Art is abstract, the same is true in the art of translation. It takes time and effort to achieve its beauty.2. Is the work of translation easy or difficult? What is your problem while doing translation?Whereas, translation work is difficult because of the special features of couplets.The objective requirement for the language capabilities of translation workers for completing the translation jobs is the translator’s capability of using the native language should be better than the majority of common/normal people in his home country and the ability of using foreign language should be better than the majority of common/normal people in the respective country.This is mostly targeting literature translators. But for those translators translating science and technology, the requirement is also not relatively low. For those science and technology translators, they could not solely involve in the translation of science and technology without doing other normal translations. It is this normal translation which has put forward a fearsome/difficult language requirement in front of those science/technology translators.3. Do you think that translation work is important? Why?(非常重要，可以例举以下例子，Significance Of Translation很多方面)Translation is one of the most critical jobs in modern society. As the whole globe is coming together based on information sharing and communicative advances, it is only natural that there has been a constant demand and an unprecedented need for translation of ideas from one language to another. Translation plays a vital role in the performance of international companies and governments alike.4. What requirements are needed for a good translator?Target language skillsExceptional skills in one’s target language is an area that is surprisingly often neglected. A translator’s job is to communicate, so you should be able to communicate accurately, appropriately and concisely. Therefore, you should have a broad, expressive vocabulary and excellent, in-depth knowledge of the grammatical nuances, quirks and rules of your target language.Unit 2Warm-up Questions1、The desire to exchange thoughts with others freely is considered to be a natural inclination of human nature, but can people enjoy absolute freedom of speech? Can we take this freedom for granted? Why?Absolute freedom is what we all desire. Likewise we all want to enjoy absolute freedom of speech and self expression. Therefore it is not surprising that freedom of speech and expression has been granted to us even by law.Freedom of speech offers human being opportunity to express their feelings to one another, but this is not the only reason; purpose to protect the freedom of speech.2、What part does mass media play in our life? How much will it affect people’s decision?It shapes opinions and manipulates worldviews.So,the people at the top of any type of media are the controllers for good or bad.How much will it affect people’s decision?Television, radio, the Internet, cinema and advertising is easily accessible to many of the people on the planet.In fact, we accept it and even expect it to be present. This means that the people controlling these things have access to billions of people. They can quickly and easily get their messages out to the masses.3.Generally speaking, what is the function and purpose of law?LAW is a set of rules of conduct, established by government, for all members of society to obey and follow.The Function of Law.2. Avoids or Settles disputes –Contract law sets out rules for making & enforcing agreements.4. Compared with some western countries, do you think the law enforcement in our country is strict and effective enough? Is the judicial verdict always impartial? Can people expect that justice will always be done? Why?Compared with some western countries, I think the law enforcement in our country is not so strict and effective enough. Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforcedthrough social institutions to govern behavior. In western countries, laws made by legislatures through legislation (resulting in statutes), the executive through decrees and regulations, or judges through binding precedents (normally in common law jurisdictions). Which is the most important is the whole process is transparent. Everybody knows where it from. But in china, we normal people couldn’t see the whole process. For example, dealing a case in western countries and china has very different process and results. Basically, in western countries, the whole process is public. Everybody can see how it goes.In the other hand, I think our country law is strict to some people, and not so strict to the people who has huge power or money.Unit 31. Say something about the 2008 global financial crisis.The subprime mortgage crisis that started in July 2007 in the US evolved into a global financial crisis in 2008, which has seriously hurt the global real economy and has caused the most severe economic recession since the Great Depression in 1930s. Although many countries have taken various packages of combating actions, the financial crisis continues to worsen in 2009. The prospects the world gets out of the financial crisis and economic recession is still highly uncertain. As the largest developing economy in the world, China is also affected by the crisis..2. What measures have been taken in the world so far to deal with it?In consequence,governments began to inject capital directly into financial institutions and take concerted action againstsystemic risks. The inancial crisis has somewhat stabilized subsequent to a series of unprecedented government intervention measures and market operations. However, the sharp downturn of the real economy caught governments worldwide off guard.In desperate responses, they have launched frequent macroeconomic stimulus packages. Obviously governments have been passively responding to the crisis in a lagged manner.In this process, governments worldwide have been forced to take a series of policy measures, with new major bailout initiatives launched almost every day since September2008. These measures can be roughly divided into 10 categories: 1) interest rate cuts; 2) direct injection into financial markets; 3) short-selling ban; 4) capital injection into and nationalization or seizure of inancial institutions; 5) guarantee for the debts of inancial institutions; 6) the Federal Reserve provided funding directly to corporate America; 7) ofering help for mortgage loan borrowers; 8) funding or loan guarantee for small andmedium-sized enterprises; 9) massive iscal stimulus packages; 10) the IMF ofered inancial assistance and loanto emerging economies and some small and medium economies hard hit by the crisis to prevent the inancial crisis from further spreading and deterioratingregionally.3. What is China’s role in the rescuing efforts?The international financial crisis has brought considerable difficulties and challenges to China's economy.The Chinese government has adopted a series of resolute measures to tackle some thorny issues and these measures have seen initial achievements.These measures include a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, a stimulus package worth 4000 billion yuan (about 587 billion U.S. dollars) designed to expand domestic demand, and a tax-cut package of 500 billion yuan (around 73 billion U.S. dollars).China also has striven to readjust its economic structure, accelerate infrastructure construction, seek balanced development between urban and rural areas, and improve social security system and people's life.Chinese government has promptly adopted flexible combinations of economic policies aiming at expanding domestic demand and maintaining steady growth. China has strengthened cooperation and coordination with international community and has made positive contributions to stabilize the global economy and financeChina is now the largest overseas holders of U.S. treasury bill and bonds. Data of the U.S.4. Could you see something positive in the financial tsunami?“Man becomes what he thinks about most of the time”I truly believe in any negative event there is something just as good or in most cases even better that comes out of it. Time and time again when I have taken 2 steps back and looked for the positive it’s always there.But I am equally sure that if you and I work hard we will come out of the end of the tunnel stronger. Good luck to any one who is struggling just now.(1) Back to basics –relearn what’s important in lifeWould it be fare to say we as a society have been focusing more on material gains than core values? Has too far much of our attention and focus been on a more money, a bigger house, a smarter car or on how well we are doing financially compared to our neighbours? Have a look around your house to see how much stuff you have lying around that you never use!(3) What goes down must go upWe need to accept life has its ups and downs. If there were no downs then you wouldn’t be able to appreciate the ups.And you know what if we just open your eyes then there is an up just around the corner.(4) New financial opportunities and cheaper goods are just waiting for youFirstly socially let’s get back to basics and have a good think about are we focusing too much on money instead of our values and are we really living the life of our dreams? If not what is the first step to enjoying unlimited happiness every day?Secondly financially it is of course do your homework and know and understand the risks before you part with your money. But make sure you keep your eyes open for the good that is there. And it is there if we only look for it!One good that we will soon be experiencing is the fact that to survive many companies are going to have to become even more competitive and look at ways of either producing the same goods more efficiently or increasing the quality of their current products.The result for you and I is that we will get more value for money and better quality products.(5) Focus on your dreams, not your fearsPersonally I feel the biggest lesson and positive thing to come out of the current ”financial crisis” is that the Universe is teaching me to focus on my dreams, what I want to experience in my life instead using too much energy worrying about my fears.I believe this current crisis would not be half as bad if it wasn’t for all the negative reporting that’s been going on.Unit41. What do you know about entropy? Is it merely an incomprehensible technical term having little to do with us? Entropy is a measure of the "disorder" of a system.Entropy describes the tendency for systems to go from a state of higher organization to a state of lowest organization on a molecular level..2. Is there any relationship between entropy and one’s energy? Ifthere is, how are they related?It is very interesting to compare the behavior of entropy compared to energy. Unlike energy, entropy can be created.3. Does entropy affect our life or our attitude towards life? In what way?Personal entropy is your sworn, sleepless enemy. There is much that each person can do, privately, to win against it.For example, if it seems difficult or pointless to improve yourself, you may be depressed. Mild depression is far more common than most people realize; some estimate that it affects up to seventy per cent of the population. It may be the world's number one public health problem. Depression is an agent of entropy, and can lead to personal, social, and financial ruin. Depression can be caused by physical factors, or just by habits of thought.Recently, there have been great advances in treatment of the physical factors that cause depression, especially in the use of new drug therapies such as Prozac. Prozac is now the most frequently prescribed mood-altering drug in the U.S. Other new antidepressants, such as Deprenyl and melatonin, have been shown to extend lifespan and improve mental performance.As Princeton psychologist Dr. David Burns points out in Feeling Good, cognitive therapy also represents a significant breakthrough in the treatment and prevention of mood disorders. Cognitive therapy is afast-acting technology of mood change. Rigorous scientific research and critical scrutiny confirm its positive effect.The first principle is that your moods are created by your thoughts. Our habits of thought are often formed by accident, or taught to us by others while we are not wary enough to object to ideas that do not serve us. Cognitive therapy affirms our need to find out and review the thoughts that create our moods and actions.There are many other examples of recent advances which may be helpful in other common personal disorders. Just as your best physical health is not merely the absence of disease, your best mental health is not just theabsence of insanity. Knowing the latest techniques of dealing with major problems can be useful in dealing with smaller difficulties, too. Remember, "if there's no gardener, there's no garden."Two. Care for your body. Why not get the best possible performance out of what you have now? By following a program of regular exercise, nutrition, and supplementation, you can fight entropy on a visceral level every day. You can create a better body for yourself, right now, without waiting for advances in uploading, and without a large investment. Fran Finney points out in Exercise And Longevity:, "There is ...one simple factor that we can add to our lifestyle that is arbitrarily cheap, has little, if any risk of shortening our lifespan, and increasing evidence shows that making this simple factor a daily part of our lives, we can certainly retard some aspects of the aging process. That factor is ...in a nutshell, exercise."Fitness makes it possible to enjoy the present to the fullest. It has been shown to reduce depression and anxiety, and boost resistance to disease. Physically fit people look good as well as feeling good. Recent psychological research confirms that looking good enhances your social life, and probably your finances, too.Using "smart drugs" and nutrients may also help you to get the best out of what you've already got. Smart drugs are substances that can enchance physical or mental performance with few unwanted side effects. Dr Ward Dean explains their positive effects in Smart Drugs II:, "People can experience improvements in memory, IQ, reaction time, mood, energy level, sensory perception, sexual arousal and response, music appreciation, and more. The intensity of effect varies greatly from person to person and drug to drug, and can range from no perceptible effect at all to a profound life-transformation.".There are thousands of examples in our daily lives that show how entropy is affecting us. In fact, all we have to do is nothing, and everything deteriorates, collapses, breaks down, wears out, all by itself.I have seen this happen repeatedly in my dental practice. We spend a lot of time perfecting the systems and processes in our office to giveour patients the optimal experience with us. But if we don’t continually work on them, pretty soon they start to break down and little things get neglected. So we have to work on it every day. If we see something descending into “chaos” we revisit it and put in the work to get it back on track.This has very real applications for our personal lives. Without constant effort and work, our lives will move towards chaos. Think about your last diet or New Year’s resolution. How’s that going? Most people have some immediate results and then start to let up a little bit. They forget that constant results require constant work. And before they know it, they are back to where they started from, if not a little worse.Your personal success will not come from a weekend seminar or training encampment. Your success will come from putting in the work necessary every day. The only way to fight entropy is with work. Consistent work. T hat is why the saying, “You are either moving forward or backward but never staying still.” is so true. If you aren’t moving forward, entropy is pulling you backward.So what should you do to fight the effects of entropy? Here are some suggestions:1. Write down 3-5 long-term goals for yourself to achieve within 1 year.2. For each of those long-term goals, write down a short-term goal to accomplish this month.Example: If your goal was to lose 20 pounds this week, you may want to write down a goal to lose 2 pounds this month.3. Write down your plan of how you will accomplish these goals: ie. Jogging every night, eating more healthily, etc.4. Post your goals somewhere you will see them every morning, like the bathroom mirror.5. Keep a copy of your goals with you in your pocket.If you do these things every day, you will quickly notice that the amount of work you are putting in is greater than the force of the entropy in your life. You will start winning the tug-of-war, and you will start to see wonderful results.。
