高温合金材料最新发展

高温合金材料最新发展

新一代高温合金

New Generation Ni-based and Co-based Superalloys

高温合金由于具有优的高温力学性能和抗腐蚀、氧化能力等综合性能，而广泛地用于航空航天发

动机、地面燃气轮机以及其他恶劣服役环境中的关键设备中。

Ni and Co-based superalloys have good balanced properties of high temperature strength, toughness,

and resistance to degradation in corrosive or oxidizing environments, which make the materials widely used

in aircraft and power-generation turbines, rocket engines, and other aggressive environments.

1．第四代镍基单晶高温合金（Ru-containing Single Crystal Ni-base Superalloys）

先进镍基单晶高温合金由于其高温下优良的综合性能而成为高推比（>12）航空发动机高压涡轮

叶片的首选材料，与传统低Cr商业单晶合金的设计思路不同，利用Ru和高Cr及其交互作用有可能

通过改变γ’相形貌，即改变合金元素在γ和γ’两相中分配比和点阵错配度，提高蠕变性能，并保持良好

的综合性能。

Different from commercial single crystal superalloys with low levels of Cr addition, high levels of Cr

and Ru additions as well as the effects of their interaction influence the morphology of γ’ precipitates

remark ably. They changed the elemental partitioning ratio between the γ and γ’ phases, and the lattice misfits

of these experimental alloys, and enhanced the creep life with keeping the balanced properties. These new

advanced nickel-base single crystal superalloys have become the primary candidate materials for the

application of high pressure turbine blades in high thrust aircraft engines.

2．新型钴基高温合金（Novel Co-base Superalloys）

传统钴基高温合金通过固溶和碳化物强化合金，其承温能力低于镍基合金而限制其应用。2019年，

，其承温日本科学家在《Science》上报道在钴基合金中发现了高温稳定的L12结构γ’相Co3（Al,W）

能力提高150-200oC，为新一代γ’相强化钴基高温合金提供了新的发展方向。我们立足国际研究发展

前沿，针对当前Co-Al-W基合金相图知识及各类性能实验数据匮乏的现状，展开应用基础性研究，

为新一代钴基高温合金的发展提供系统性的研究认识。图2为Co-Al-W基合金的典型显微组织及其

衍生的二次相。

The application of conventional Co-based alloys in aircraft engines has been limited compared with

Ni-based alloys, due to their low high-temperature strength arising from carbides and elements in

solid-solution. It was reported by Sato et al. Science in 2019 that a new ordered γ’ phase Co3(Al, W) (L12

structure) was discovered in Co-based alloys, that was stable at about 150oC higher than conventional

Co-base alloys. This offers new possibility as candidates for next generation Co-base superalloys reinforced

with γ’ precipitates. Standing on the international frontier of materials science, the systematic and

fundamental research investigation have been conducted on Co-Al-W-based alloys in SKLAMM, due to the

lack of the experimental data of Co-Al-W phase diagram and other properties. This research will provide the

fundamental knowledge for developing the new generation Co-base superalloys.

(a) Alloy A (0Ru + 0Cr) (b) Alloy B (0Ru + 3.4Cr) (c) Alloy C (0Ru +

6.7Cr)

(d) Alloy D (5.7Ru + 0Cr) (e) Alloy E (5.7Ru + 3.4Cr) (f) Alloy F (5.7Ru +

6.7Cr)

图1 经1100oC/8h时效处理后，六个镍基单晶实验合金在枝晶干处γ’相的形貌。

Figure 1. γ’ precipitate morphologies in the dendrite core regions aft er aging at 1100oC/6h in six experimental single crystal superalloys

(a) Co-Al-W alloy (b) Co-Al-W alloy (high Al) (c) Co-Al-W-Mo alloy

o图2 经1100C/8h时效处理后, 三种Co-Al-W基合金的典型显微组织及其衍生的二次相。

Fig. 2. Typical microstructure after aging treatment at 900oC in three different alloys. (a) typical γ/γ’ two-phase microstructure; (b) B2-structure precipitates (CoAl-base) and (c) μ-phase precipitates (Co7(W, Mo)6-base) and DO19-structure precipitates (Co3W-base) in the γ/γ’ matrix.