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By members & collaborators of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging Introduction| Software | Documentation | Courses | Email list | Data |ExtensionsSPM Menu:Introduction Software Documentation Courses Email list Data setsExtensionsThis page:Introduction Getting started Latest news SPM in briefStatistical Parametric Mapping IntroductionStatistical Parametric Mapping refers to the construction and assessment of spatially extended statistical processes used to test hypotheses about functional imaging data. These ideas have been instantiated in software that is called SPM.The SPM software package has been designed for the analysis of brain imaging data sequences. The sequences can be a series of images from different cohorts, or time-series from the same subject. The current release is designed for the analysis of fMRI,PET, SPECT, EEG and MEG.Getting StartedThe best starting point is to read the introductory article on SPM available here. You could then download the latest version of the software and a data set to analyse. Step-by-step instructions for this analysis are available in the SPM manual.If you're new to imaging, perhaps an epoch fMRI data set would be appropriate. The data sets are provided with instructions on how to use SPM to analyse them. These tutorials therefore give practical instructions on how to implement the various methodologies. Our methods have been written up in books, technical reports and journal papers which are available from our Online Bibliography. This groups documentation according to year, category, author and keyword.If you're looking for help on a particular topic you can find the relevant papers from the Online Bibliography. Alternatively, you can search the SPM pages using the search facility that appears at the bottom of every page. Also browse and search the SPM WikiBook and please feel free to edit it if you can. If you still can't find what you need, you could send an email to the SPM Email list, which gives you access to our community of experts.You should also be aware of the many courses on SPM. If there isn't one in your country this year then there's always the annual short course in London. Finally, once you've mastered SPM you can learn about the various extensions provided by experts in the wider community.Good luck !Latest newsSPM Course for M/EEG VideosJuly 2012: Videos recorded at the May 2012 SPM Course for M/EEG are now freely available online.SPM Course for fMRI/PET/VBM VideosNovember 2011: Videos recorded at the May 2011 SPM Course for fMRI/PET/VBM are now freely available online.SPM8 releasedApril 2009: SPM8 is a major update to the SPM software, containing substantial theoretical, algorithmic, structural and interface enhancements over previous versions (more info).New Book: Statistical Parametric Mapping: TheAnalysis of Functional Brain ImagesNovember 2006: This book provides the background and methodology for the analysis of all types of brain imaging data, from functional magnetic resonance imaging to magnetoencephalography (more info).The SPM approach in briefThe Statistical Parametric Mapping approach is voxel based:∙Images are realigned, spatially normalised into a standard space, and smoothed.∙Parametric statistical models are assumed at each voxel, using the General Linear Model GLM to describe the data in terms of experimental and confounding effects, and residual variability.∙For fMRI the GLM is used in combination with a temporal convolution model.∙Classical statistical inference is used to test hypotheses that are expressed in terms of GLM parameters. This uses an image whose voxel values are statistics, a Statistic Image, or Statistical Parametric Map (SPM{t}, SPM{Z}, SPM{F})∙For such classical inferences, the multiple comparisons problem is addressed using continuous random field theory RFT, assuming the statistic image to be a good lattice representation of an underlying continuous stationary random field. This results in inference based on corrected p-values.∙Bayesian inference can be used in place of classical inference resulting in Posterior Probability Maps PPM s.For fMRI, analyses of effective connectivity can be implemented using Dynamic Causal Modelling DCM.Last modified $Date: 2013/06/24 19:14:39 $ by $Author: guillaume $ home | search | sitemapCopyright © 1991,1994-2013 FILT SoftwareIntroductionSPM is made freely available to the [neuro]imaging community, to promote collaboration and a common analysis scheme across laboratories. The software represents the implementation of the theoretical concepts of Statistical Parametric Mapping in a complete analysis package.The SPM software is a suite of MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc) functions and subroutines with some externally compiled C routines.SPM was written to organise and interpret our functional neuroimaging data. The distributed version is the same as that we use ourselves.LicenceSPM is free but copyright software, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence as published by the Free Software Foundation (either version 2, as given in file spm_LICENCE.man, or at your option, any later version). Further details on "copyleft" can be found at /copyleft/. In particular, SPM is supplied as is. No formal support or maintenance is provided or implied.Beta version: SPM12bA beta version of SPM12, SPM12b, was released 21st December 2012 and is available for beta-testing. Please assist us by reporting bugs to <fil.spm@>.Current version: SPM8The current version is SPM8and was released inApril 2009. This provides a major update to theSPMsoftware, containing substantial theoretical,algorithmic, structural and interface enhancementsover previous versions.SPM8 uses the NIfTI-1 file format.Previous versionsWe still provide access to previous versions of SPM, but recommend you use the current version wherever possible.SPM5SPM5 was released in December 2005.SPM2SPM2 was released in 2003.SPM99SPM99was released in January 2000.SPM96 and earlier versions are no longer available.NITRCSPM is listed in the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools andResources Clearinghouse (NITRC ). See /projects/spm/. Funded by the NationalInstitutes of Health Blueprint for Neuroscience Research,NITRC facilitates finding and comparing neuroimagingresources for fMRI and related structural analyses.Last modified $Date: 2014/02/27 12:08:57 $ by $Author: guillaume $ home | search | sitemapCopyright © 1991,1994-2014 FILThe FIL Methods group <fil.spm@ >he FIL Methods group <fil.spm@ > Documentation IntroductionSPM is an academic software toolkit for the analysis of functional imaging data, for users familiar with the underlying statistical, mathematical and image processing concepts. It is essential to understand these underlying concepts in order to use the software effectively. A good starting point is the Introduction to SPM, by Karl Friston.Peer reviewed literatureThe primary reference for the theories underlying SPM are the academic papers in the peer reviewed literature. These are available via the Online Bibliography which organises books, papers and technical reports by year, category, author and keyword. An Annotated Bibliography provides a guide to the various papers.BooksThe book Statistical Parametric Mapping: The Analysis ofFunctional Brain Images (2007) provides the backgroundand methodology for the analysis of all types of brainimaging data, from functional magnetic resonanceimaging to magnetoencephalography. Critically,"Statistical Parametric Mapping"provides a widelyaccepted conceptual framework which allows treatmentof all these different modalities. The book takes thereader from the basic concepts underlying the analysis ofneuroimaging data to cutting edge approaches thatwould be difficult to find in any other source. The materialis presented in an incremental way so that the reader canunderstand the precedents for each new development.This book will be particularly useful to neuroscientistsengaged in any form of brain mapping; who have tocontend with the real-world problems of data analysisand understanding the techniques they are using. It isprimarily a scientific treatment and a didactic introductionto the analysis of brain imaging data. It can be used asboth a textbook for students and scientists starting to usethe techniques, as well as a reference for practicingneuroscientists.The book can be ordered online via Elsevier or, e.g., Amazon.Introductory articles are also provided in the earlier book Human Brain Function. PDFs of draft versions of book chapters are available online: ∙First Edition(1997)∙Second Edition(2003)ManualThere is an SPM8 manual distributed with the software (spm8/man/manual.pdf), which is written by the developers. Much of the manual's contents are also available via the SPM8 user-interface.The release notes accompanying SPM8 contain some useful information.The SPM5 distribution also contains a manual in (spm5/man/manual.pdf). There is no manual for SPM2, but the SPM99 manual is roughly applicable. Methods for DummiesEach year our department runs a series of methods talks by non-experts. Powerpoint versions are available for 2003, organised by Alexa Morcom, 2004, organised by Lucy Lee, 2005, orgainsed by Julia Hocking, 2006, organised by Davina Bristow and Marcus Gray,2007, organised by Justin Chumbley and Hanneke den Ouden,2008 organised by Maria Joao, Hanneke den Ouden and Justin Chumbley,2009organised by Antoinette Nicolle and Maria Joao,2010 organised by Christian Lambert, Suz Prejawa and Maria Joao, and 2011 organised by Rumana Chowdhury, Peter Smittenaar and Suz Prejawa. This years meetings are organised by Mona Gavert, Peter Smittenaar and Giles Story.Third party documentationThere is a SPM WikiBook, which is written and maintained by the international SPM community. The wiki allows users to read and edit the content for free. The end results will be mature, up-to-date and broad repositories for information on SPM. Please do take a look at the SPM wiki and feel free to contribute to it if you can.SPM WikiBooks/wiki/SPMBeginners guides & overviews of SPM :Cambridge Imaging Home Page (MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit) /imagingHistoryThe SPM suite and associated theory was originally developed by Karl Friston for the routine statistical analysis of functional neuroimaging data from Positron Emission Tomography (PET), while at the Medical Research Council Cyclotron Unit. Now known as SPM classic, this software was made available to the emerging functional imaging community in 1991, to promote collaboration and a common analysis scheme across laboratories.SPM'94 was the first major revision of the SPM software. SPM'94 was written primarily by Karl Friston during the summer of 1994, with invaluable conceptual and technical help from John Ashburner, Jon Heather, Andrew Holmes and Jean-Baptiste Poline. SPM'95, SPM'96, SPM'99, SPM2, SPM5 and SPM8are based on SPM'94, and represent the ongoing theoretical advances and technical improvements.Tell me more about SPM history.Last modified $Date: 2013/01/22 11:55:27 $ by $Author: spm $home | search | sitemapCopyright © 1991,1994-2013 FILThe FIL Methods group <fil.spm@>SPM CoursesLondon, May & October 2014The FIL SPM course on using Statistical Parametric Mapping for neuroimaging is held each May and October as part of the Institute of Neurology's short course programme.Since 2010, we provide two separate SPM courses reflecting the different imaging modalities. There is a new three-day course on SPM for EEG/MEG followed by the long-established three-day course on SPM for fMRI/VBM/PET. Both courses are suitable for beginners and more advanced users. We advise students to gain at least some minimal familiarity with the methodology, for example, from reading introductory articles available from the SPM web pageor by following data analysis examples in the SPM manual.The next SPM courses in London will take place on 12-14 May 2014 (MEG/EEG) and 15-17 May 2014 (MRI/VBM/fMRI).The courses are organised through the Institute of Neurology(contact: Miss Jean Reynolds at the IoN to register).Externally organised SPM coursesOther SPM courses are organised around the world at different times of year and in different languages. If you do organise one, please let us know so that it can be listed here.Lausanne SPM Course, Switzerland, 22-25 April 2014This 6th edition of the Lausanne SPM course will focus on how to conduct neuroimaging studies using structural and functional MRI data within the framework of Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). This 4 days course is divided into two modules with theoretical and practical sessions covering all aspects of imaging data analysis from spatial pre-processing to statistical inference and reporting results. The course is suitable both for beginners and for those with previous experience of SPM.http://www3.unil.ch/wpmu/lren-spm/Zurich SPM course, Switzerland, 2015This three-day course, which is held annually since 2007, offers a comprehensive coverage of all MRI-related aspects of SPM./spm-course-2014/Course material for 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014Hannover SPM course, Germany, 3-4 November 2014The 7th SPM workshop for Beginners in Hannover, Germany, will be held on November 03. and 04. 2014. (teaching language: german)More information and program:http://www.spmworkshop-hannover.de/SPM Workshops at the Martinos Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA: /martinos/training/fMRI-Extension/SPM8.phpMRN fMRI Image Acquisition and Analyses Course, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA:/courses/Slides of previous coursesThe latest course material are from 2013 (fMRI/VBM) and 2013 (MEEG).Archive:2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2005 (USA), 2006, 2007, 2008 (May), 2008 (October), 2009 (May), 2009 (October), 2009 (MEEG), 2010 (fMRI), 2010 (MEEG), 2010 (Vancouver), 2010 (October), 2011 (Brussels)May 2011 (fMRI), May 2011 (MEEG), Oct 2011 (fMRI), 2012 (MEEG, Lyon), May 2012 (fMRI/VBM), 2012 (MEEG), Oct 2012 (fMRI/VBM), May 2013 (fMRI/VBM).These can be viewed using the Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer for Windows or the multi-platform Open Office.RecordingsOnline videos are now available, recorded at the May 2011 SPM for fMRI/PET/VBM course and at the May 2012 SPM for MEG/EEG course. Higher quality versions of the videos can be obtained on a DVD available for purchase.Last modified $Date: 2014/02/26 16:06:03 $ by $Author: guillaume $ home | search | sitemapCopyright © 1991,1994-2014 FILThe FIL Methods group <fil.spm@>Discussion ListIntroductionThe SPM discussion list is an electronic mailing list for discussion and help with the methodology, implementation and use of Statistical Parametric Mapping and the SPM package. The list is not moderated, but is monitoredand owned by members of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging. Much of the approach and use of SPM is described in the documentation. Subscribers are urged to consult these sources, and any local expertise, before using the discussion list as a helpline. A response from one of the SPM authors cannot be guaranteed, due to resource limitations. Experienced list members are therefore encouraged to address issues within their experience, posting their responses & discussion to the list for general enlightenment.Searching archives∙Archives of SPM messages.∙Search SPMarchives.SubscriptionThe list is run at the UK's automated JISCmail service.To subscribe or unsubscribe to the SPM list:Enter your details at /cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=spm&A=1To send a message to all the people currently subscribed to the SPM list: Just send a mail to <spm@> after subscription.If you have difficulties, then have a look to the frequently asked questions about JISCmail or email the list owner at <fil.spm@>, for assistance. Last modified $Date: 2013/01/22 11:55:31 $ by $Author: spm $home | search | sitemapCopyright © 1991,1994-2013 FILThe FIL Methods group <fil.spm@>Data sets and tutorialsIntroductionThe following data sets are being made available for training and personal education and evaluation purposes. Those wishing to use these data for other purposes, including illustrations or evaluations of methods, should contact the Methods group at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging.A set of instructions showing how SPM can be used to analyse each data set are also provided. These tutorials show how one can use SPM to implement analyses of PET data, epoch or event-related fMRI data, and data from a group of subjects using Random effects analyses (RFX). They also cover more advanced topics such as Psychophysiological Interactions (PPI s) and Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM).fMRI: epochThe instructions accompanying these data sets show you how to implement a block-design fMRI analysis in SPM. They are both single-subject or 'first-level' analyses.∙Auditory - single subject∙Attention to Visual Motion - single subjectThe instructions accompanying the Attention to Visual Motion data also show you how to use SPM to implement, for example, Psychophysiological Interactions (PPI s) and Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM).fMRI: event-relatedThe instructions accompanying these data sets show you how to use SPM to analyse data for an event-related fMRI experiment. This includes, for example, selection of different temporal basis sets. They are both single-subject or 'first-level' analyses.∙Repetition primingfMRI: multi-subject (random effects) analyses These data sets comprise contrast images from single-subject fMRI analyses or 'first-level' analyses from the repetition priming experiment described here.In the summary statistic approach to Random Effects Analysis (RFX) these contrast images are then used in a 'second-level' analysis allowing you to make inferences about the population from which the subjects were drawn.∙fMRI: multi-subject (random effects) analysesfMRI: Bayesian comparison of DCMsDynamic Causal Models from an event related fMRI study of the language system are available here∙fMRI: Bayesian comparison of DCMsEEG Single Subject Mismatch Negativity datasetThis is an 128-channel EEG single subject example data set which is used for demonstrating the usage of scripts in M/EEG pre-processing and DCM for evoked responses.Anaesthesia Depth in Rodent DataThis 2-channel Local Field Potential (LFPs) dataset demonstrates the use of DCM for Cross Spectral Densities.Multi-modal facesThis archive contains EEG, MEG and fMRI data on the same subject within the same paradigm.It can be used to examine how various measures of face perception, such as the "N170" ERP (EEG), the "M170" ERF (MEG) and fusiform activation (fMRI), are related. For example, the localisation of the generator(s) of the N170 and/or M170 can be constrained by the fMRI activations.It also includes a high resolution anatomical MRI image (aMRI) for construction of a head-model for the EEG and MEG data, together with data from a Polhemus digitizer that can be used to coregister the EEG and MEG data with the aMRI.FieldMapHere are two example data sets that can be used to demonstrate the usage of the FieldMap toolbox.PETThe instructions accompanying these data sets show you how to use SPM to analyse PET data.∙Verbal fluency - multiple subjects∙Motor activation - single subjectLast modified $Date: 2014/04/30 17:48:34 $ by $Author: guillaume $ home | search | sitemapCopyright © 1991,1994-2014 FILThe FIL Methods group <fil.spm@>SPM ExtensionsIntroductionMany SPM users have created tools for neuroimaging analyses that are based on SPM. You will find here a list of these tools classified between Toolboxes, Utilities, Batch Systems and Templates. The distinction between Toolboxes and Utilities can be blurry, but for the purposes of this page we define a toolbox to be a utility that can be completely operated via a graphical user interface.If you notice inaccuracies or out of date links, please email the SPM manager. Likewise, to have your SPM extension linked here, send an email including a URL, a contact email, and a brief summary (please note if any MATLABtoolboxes are required, or if it is platform-specific).The SPM Developers take no responsibility for the usability of the extensions listed here. In particular, some extensions may be mutually incompatible. Please contact the respective extension authors with questions and problems (though CC'ing answered questions to the Email list will be appreciated).Extensions compatible with SPM8, SPM5, SPM2, SPM99.The list of SPM extensions is also available as an RSS feed.Note: All email addresses in this page have their "@" replaced with "_at_" to minimize spam. Please reverse this change before emailing.Quick LinksToolboxes:AQuA | AAL | ACID | ALVIN | ArtRepair | AMAT | AnalyzeMovie | Anatomy | aslm | ASLtbx | at4fmri | aws4SPM | BrainNetViewer | BredeQuery | CCAfMRI | CLASS| Clinical| Complexity| conn| CPCA| DAiSS| DICOMCD_Import| Diffusion_II | Distance | DPARSF | DRIFTER | EMS | ExtractVals | FASL | FAST | FDR | FieldMap | fieldmap_undistort | FieldTrip | fMRIPower | fOSA | Grocer | HRF | HV | IBASPM | iBrainAT | iBrainLT | INRIAlign | IBZM_tool | ISAS | LI | LogTransform | MARINA | MarsBar | MASCOI | mfBox | Masking | Masks | MM | multifocal | NIRS-SPM | NS | Ortho | PSPM | REST | rfxplot | RobustWLS | SCRalyze| SDM| SimpleROIBuilder| SnPM| spm_wavelet| SPMd| SPMMouse| SSM| SUIT| SurfRend| TOM| UF2C| Unwarp2| Volumes| WBM | WSPM | WFU_PickAtlas | xjView | XMLToolsUtilities:AveLI| BrainMagix| Bruker2Analyze| CBMG-Tools| Design_Magic| dicom2nifti| DynPET| Easy_ROI| Easy_Volumes| FDRill| Fluctuation| fToolbelt| FAD| GA| GE2SPM| GIFT| JG| L2S| log_roi_batch| LMGS| Motion| mri_toolbox| MSU| Orth1| PCT| pvconv| r2agui| SEM| slice_overlay | TSDiffAna | TSU | iTT | VBMtools | VIS | visionToSPM | VoiTool Batch Utilities:aa| AutoSPET| BatchAAL| KULscripts| parallelize_matlabbatch| spm_segment | spm2-batch | spm2batch | spm2Batch | spmbatch | spmjob | X_batch | zephyrTemplates:Baboon| BrainDev_Atlas| Cerebellum| CCHMC_Pediatric| Macaca_Fascicularis| Macaca_Fascicularis_PET| Macaca_Mulatta| Macaca_Nemestrina | Rat | SPMtemplates | UNC_Pediatric | Zebra_FinchToolboxesAQuA SPM5Summary: AQuA is a tool that helps you in the assessment process for the quality of the acquired fMRI data, identifying images with movement and other artefacts, so that they do not compromise the experimental analysis. Author: Antonios Antoniou and Juan J. LullURL: http://www.ibime.upv.es/mi/AAL - Anatomical Automatic Labeling SPM99 SPM2 SPM5 SPM8Summary: Automated parcellation method, as described in Tzourio-Mazoyer et al. NI 2002.Author: CyceronURL: rs.fr/spip.php?article217ACID - Artefact correction in diffusion MRI SPM8 Summary: The Artefact correction in diffusion MRI (ACID) toolbox is an academic software toolkit for pre-processing of diffusion MRI data, estimation of DTI indices and normalisation of DTI index maps, which fully integrates into the batch system of SPM8.Author: Siawoosh MohammadiURL: /ALVIN - Automatic Lateral Ventricle delIneatioNSPM8Summary: Segmentation of the lateral ventricles validated in infants, adults and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Works with both T1 and T2 images. Author: Matthew KemptonURL: /site/mrilateralventricle/ArtRepair - Artifact Repair toolbox SPM2 SPM5 SPM8Summary: Special methods to improve the fMRI analysis of high motion pediatric and clinical subjects. The methods correct for large motions, and automatically detect and remove artifact noise in the data. Viewing tools allow quality checking at every step in the analysis.Author: Paul MazaikaURL:/tools/human-brain-project/artrepair-software.html AMAT: A meta-analysis toolbox SPM2Summary: AMAT is a matlab program which lets you search through the coordinates reported in lots of fMRI papers. It is designed to answer the frequently asked question: what the *?%! does that bit do?Author: Antonia HamiltonURL: /amat.htmlAnalyzeMovie - AVI movies from Analyze images SPM99Summary: Create AVI movies from Analyze images, of axial, coronal, sagittal or ortho slices. Requires Matlab6 or greater.Author: Robert WelshURL: /ni-stat/AnalyzeMovie.tarAnatomy - SPM Anatomy toolbox SPM99 SPM2 SPM5 SPM8Summary: This toolbox integrates probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps derived from human post-mortem studies into the SPM environment and provides a wide range of different approaches to analyse structure / function correlations.Author: Simon EickhoffURL:http://www.fz-juelich.de/inm/inm-1/DE/Forschung/_docs/SPMAnatomyToolbox /SPMAnatomyToolbox_node.htmlaslm - a slightly modified asl-module SPM8 Summary: aslm is an object orientated toolbox for common tasks associated with the analysis of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and other MRI data.Author: Philipp HomanURL: ASLtbx SPM2 SPM5 SPM8Summary: ASLtbx is a Matlab and SPM based toolkit for processing arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI data. It's basically a collection of a bunch of batch scripts. I'm currently only distributing the SPM5-based version, but the SPM2(or 8)-based version can be obtained through email. The function for quantifying cerebral blood flow should be SPM independent except the image reading and writing functions from SPM.Author: Ze WangURL: /~zewang/ASLtbx.phpat4fmri - adaptive thresholding of fMRI maps SPM8 Summary: Allow to obtain a threshold for cluster FDR - the method fits a Gamma-Gaussian mixture model to the SPM-T and finds the optimal threshold(crossing between noise and activation). Optionally write the thresholded maps.Author: Chris Filo Gorgolewski and Cyril PernetURL: /projects/at-4-fmri/aws4SPM SPM2 SPM5 SPM8Summary: Structural adaptive smoothing fMRI data as described in Tabelow et al. NI (2006).Author: Devy Hoffmann and Karsten TabelowURL: http://www.wias-berlin.de/software/aws4SPM/BrainNet ViewerSummary: BrainNet Viewer is a brain network visualization tool, which can help researchers to visualize structural and functional connectivity patterns from different levels in a quick, easy, and flexible way.Author: Mingrui XiaURL: /projects/bnv/BredeQuery SPM5Summary: BredeQuery plugin for SPM5 - enables coordinate-based meta-analytic search of related literature for brain regions directly from SPM5 environment. The coordinate-based search is performed using Finn Aarup Nielsen's Brede Database. Works with coordinates in Talairach and MNI space, MNI-to-Talairach transformations are available (Brett and Lancaster transformations). Moreover, query results can be exported automatically to the suitable bibliographic file format (BibTeX, Reference Manager, RefWorks, EndNote).Author: Bartlomiej WilkowskiURL: http://neuro.imm.dtu.dk/wiki/BredeQueryCCA-fMRI SPM2 SPM5Summary: The CCA-fMRI utilizes canonical correlation analysis in combination with the Balloon model and adaptive filtering of fMRI data to detect areas of brain activation. The CCA-fMRI toolbox provides its own user interface and can also be used as stand alone scripts, e.g. for batch processing.Author: Magnus BorgaURL: /CLASS - Classifier Learning for Asymmetrically Small Samples SPM8Summary: Multivariate kernel-based pattern classification using support vector machines (SVM) with a novel modification to obtain more balanced sensitivity and specificity on unbalanced data-sets (i.e. those with very different numbers of cases in each group).Author: Ged RidgwayURL: Contact email aboveClinical Toolbox SPM8Summary: Aids normalization of clinical scans, providing an easy way to include lesion cost function masking. Allows unified segmentation-normalization (USN) or traditional normalization. Includes custom age adjusted templates for CT/CAT scans and USN. Includes FLAIR template provided by the Glahn group.Author: Rorden, Bonilha, Fridriksson, Bender and KarnathURL: /CRNL/clinical-toolbox Complexity SPM8Summary: Complexity is a toolkit used to analyze the complexity of resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data. Pre-processing module is included to realize low pass filtering and linear detrending. Five methods, Approximate Entropy, Sample Entropy, Cross Approximate Entropy, Multiscale Sample Entropy and Wavelet MSE, are available to calculate the entropy. Matlab toolbox, "Tools for NIfTI and ANALYZE image", is needed.。

2011-2012学年第二学期高二英语双休作业（九）练习范围：期中+易错题巩固时间：2012. 05. 19单项选择（共25题，每小题1分，满分25分）1. In ______ eyes of my parents, a knowledge of English is ______ must in the world today.A. the; 不填B. the; aC.不填; aD.不填;不填2. When the cooking class changed to Thursday, I had to ______ so that I could pick up my son from his piano lessons.A. drop inB. drop offC. drop outD. drop by3. Scientists ______ thousands of chemicals before they decided on the right one in the end.A. tried outB. found outC. worked outD. turned out4. ––– I hear Tom ______ playing games recently.–––It is no wonder he is easy to feel sleepy in class.A．addicting to B．addicts C．addict to D．addicted to5. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A．to smell B．smelling C．smelt D．to be smelt6.We ________ such great achievements without your efforts. Thanks a lot.A．can‘t made B．couldn‘t have madeC．were unable to make D．are unable to make7. ---How is everything going on with you in Europe?---Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped _____.A．though B．instead C．either D．too8. ________ we had read your letter _____the true state of affairs.A．It was until… that we understood B．It was not until…that we understoodC．Until …did not we understand D．Not until… we understand9. I‘m sure your suggestion will __________ the problemA．contribute to solve B．contribute to solvingC．be contributed to solving D．be contributed to solve10．The teachers in the city demanded that their pay _____ close to the level of civil servants.A．be raised B．would raiseC．would rise D．should be risen11. Not only ________ interested in football but ________ beginning to show an interest in it.A．the father himself is; all his children are B．the father himself is; are all his childrenC．is the father himself; are all his children D．is the father himself; all his children are12. With many major economic problems _______ to be addressed, there is no point ___________the growth rate of this year now.A．remained; evaluating B．remaining; to evaluateC．remained; evaluating D．remaining; evaluating13. Faye‘s fondest memory is of last year, ______ the club gave a tea party for her birthday.A．which B．that C．when D．as14. The first textbook ______for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A．have written B．to be written C．being written D．written15. —What do you think if we put both John and Jack in charge of the work?—Just John is OK. _______, you know.A．Every dog has his day B．Everybody‘s business is nobody‘s businessC．Fools have fortune D．Great hopes make great men16. _________, Mary had to ask for leave to tend her.A．Being ill B．Her mother being illC．Her mother to be ill D．Her mother was ill17. —I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.—So am I. Little _________ the safety of the poor children.A．did the local government care for B．the local government cared forC．did the local government care about D．the local government cared about18. _________ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise．A．Out did the boy rush B．Out rushed the boyC．Out the boy rushed D．Rushed the boy out19. It has been proved _________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness later.A．if B．because C．when D．that20. —What do you think of the furniture on exhibition?—Well, great! But I don‘t think much of _________ you bought．A．the one B．it C．that D．which21. —Has Tom paid you back the money the next day?—No. It was three weeks _________ he returned it.A．since B．when C．that D．before22. Bob Geldof, who organized Live Aid, _______ to raise money for the famine and it _______ to be a great success.A．intended; turned out B．tried; turned overC．hoped; turned in D．wished; turned up23. —Most people believe that difficult situations can often _________ the best in a person.—I can‘t agree more.A. bring out B．bring up C. bring about D. bring in24. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn(牲口棚), the Irish milkmaid fought hard to _________ her laughter.A．hold back B．hold on C．hold out D．hold up25. Many Chinese people are very happy to know that tickets for more trains will be _________ online. A．available B．convenient C．accessible D．Tense第二节：完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分,共20分）阅读下面短文后所给的四个选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

目录一、Pre-business contact (4)1.Requesting business appointment (4)2.Scheduling visiting itinerary (5)3.Cancelling the meeting (6)4.Following-up after meeting (7)5.Contacting after fairs (8)6.Developing potential customer (9)7.Introducing our advantage (10)8.Highlighting speciality (11)二、Doing business (12)9.Counter offer to new inquiries (12)10.Counter offer to specific inquiries (13)11.Counter offer to non-specific inquiries (14)12.Following-up inquiry from current customer (15)13.Recommending new product 推荐新产品 (16)14.Replying questions 回答客户问题 (17)15.Prompt & accurate quotation 快速准确的报价 (18)16.Detailed & professional quotation 详细专业的报价 (19)17.Replying to customer bargain 回复客户砍价 (20)18.Price negotiating 价格谈判 (21)19.Final price confirmed 最终价格确认 (22)20.Preparing samples to customer 准备样品 (23)21.Requesting the courier account 向客户询问到付账号 (24)22.Requesting sampling charge 支付样品费 (25)23.Asking for sample evaluation 询问样品评估 (26)24.Packaging confirmation 包装确认 (27)25.Color confirmation 颜色确认 (28)26.Artwork confirmation 确认设计稿 (29)27.Acknowledging other requests 了解客户其他需求 (30)三、Order follow-up 订单操作 (31)28.Receiving PO (31)29.Payment terms discussion 付款方式谈判 (32)30.Negotiating payment terms 交涉付款条款 (33)31.Conformation for final PO 收到最终订单 (34)32.Sending PI 形式发票再次确认 (35)33.Preparing pre-production samples准备产前样品 (36)34.Placing order to vendor 下单给供应商 (37)35.Package re-conformation 更改包装 (38)36.Receiving revised PO 重新制作订单 (39)37.Re-preparing new PI 重新制作形式发票 (40)38.Re-arranging samples 重新准备样品 (41)39.Advising the production status 告知客户生产情况 (42)40.Applying 3rd party for factory evaluation 申请第三方验厂 (43)41.Applying 3rd party for inspection 申请第三方验货 (44)42.Failed in inspection 验货未通过 (45)43.Applying re-inspection 申请重新验货 (46)44.Shipping details confirmation 装运细节 (47)45.Keep customer informed the ship date & ETA 告知装运和到期 (48)四、Payment terms (49)46.Documentary submission & payment push (49)47.Receiving the payment made from customer 收到付款通知 (50)48.Asking bank receipt 请提供银行水单 (51)49.Re-discussion for payment 付款错误处置 (52)50.Rec’d pay’t inform 告知客户款项收到 (53)51.Propose amendment to L/C 请客户更改信用证 (54)52.Propose acceptation of L/C Discrepancy (55)53.Payment terms confirmation to new order 新订单的付款方式 (56)五、Claim settling (57)54.Quality complaints 质量投诉 (57)55.Delivery time complaints 投诉交货期 (58)56.Service complaints 服务投诉 (59)57.Apology & solutions 道歉及解决方案 (60)pensation claim 客户索赔 (61)pensation negotiation 赔偿谈判 (62)60.Application for compensation installment 申请分批赔付 (63)61.Application for deferred compensation 延期赔付申请 (64)pensation refusal 拒绝赔偿 (66)pensation alternatives 其他方式代替赔偿 (67)六、After-sale service 售后跟进 (68)64.Inquiring sales 询问产品销售情况 (68)65.Hold latest market tendency 掌握最新市场动向 (69)66.Similar products discussion 讨论类似产品 (70)67.Solutions to defect 针对缺陷的改进方案 (71)68.Cost reduction advice 降低成本的建议 (72)69.Professional advice 专业意见 (73)70.Other series recommendation 推荐其他产品 (74)test products information 给客户最新的产品信息 (75)72.After-sale service hotline 售后服务电话 (76)七、Other daily working (77)73.Auto-reply for business trip 出差自动回复 (77)74.Fair arrangement inform 通知展会安排 (78)75.New website inform 通知客户新网站完成 (79)pany address change inform 公司地址变更通知 (80)77.E-mail change inform 邮件地址变更 (81)78.Auto-reply for sick leave (82)79.Announcing new office regulations 宣布公司新规定 (82)80.Transfer notification 职务调动通知 (83)81.Internal work adjustment notification (84)82.Annual leave announcement 休假通知 (85)83.Resignation announcement 离职通知 (86)84.Retirement announcement 退休通知 (87)八、Personal affairs 私人往来 (88)85.Marriage announcement (88)86.Inviting co-workers to dinner party (89)87.Announcing the birth of a child (89)88.Inviting customer for a dinner 邀请客户聚餐 (90)89.Private conversation with customer 与客户的私人联系 (91)90.Seeking for helping hand 寻求帮助 (92)九、Special greetings 特别问候 (93)91.X’mas greetings 圣诞问候 (93)92.New year greetings 新年问候 (94)93.Chinese new year greetings (95)94.Thanksgiving day greetings 感恩节问候 (96)95.Halloween greetings 万圣节问候 (96)96.Holiday greetings 长假问候 (97)97.Marriage celebrating (98)98.Promotion celebrating 祝贺升职 (98)99.Get-well messages 祝早日康复 (99)100.Sending a small gift 寄送小礼物 (100)十、Detailed issues 细节问题 (101)一、Pre-business contact1.Requesting business appointmentDear Michael,Glad to meet you at canton fair! We’re pleased to know that you will come to Shanghai next week.If possible, please visit our company then. We could collect your interested items together in our showroom.Looking forward to your reply!RegardsPeter2.Scheduling visiting itineraryDear Michael,Thank you for your prompt reply! It is OK for us on 2nd Feb.Could you please advise your flight No.? We will arrange the pick-up at Shanghai Hongqiao airport and drive you to Hilton hotel after meeting.Kindly let me know if any change about your trip.Thanks and best regards,Peter3.Cancelling the meetingPeter ,As I have another meeting in Qingdao , I won’t come to Shanghai in this trip.Maybe next time.Sincerely,Michael4.Following-up after meetingJohn,According to your selection this morning, we’re now preparing for the offer sheet, and will send it to you in 3 days.Best regards,Stanley5.Contacting after fairsDear catty,Thank you for visiting our booth inkoln Fair.According to your selection for hand tool kit, please find the photos with offer recap in attachment.I’m now checking with colleagues about the packaging info, and will send you the quotes in detail ASAP.The testing report will be sent to you in another separate mail.Best regards,Arthur6.Developing potential customerDear Judy,Glad to find your e-mail address from website.We supply all kinds of hand tools to global market with good quality and reasonable price, and very familiar with ANSI, BS, DIN, NF & JIS tool standards.Per my visiting your company web, I found that you have several chain stores in Europe, US and Japan. It is our pleasure to find a way to cooperate with you!Here attached some photos for our showroom and some current hot-selling items.I will send you the offer sheet, factory audit report and 3rd party testing report in other separate e-mails soon.Best regards,Shirley cheng7.Introducing our advantageJudy,Please find the 3rd party testing report in attachment. We have full of confidence to meet your quality level.By the way, kindly also find our advantage below.1)Have cooperated with a lot of importers in US for more than 8 years.2)Experienced in doing business with big customers.3)Quick delivery time for decent orders.4)Own designing team for new products development.5)Factory audited by SGS, INTERTEK & WAL-MART.6)Free samples could be provided.Any further questions, please do not hesitate to inform us!Best regards,Shirley8.Highlighting specialityDear Judy,Thank you so much for your prompt reply with nice suggestions. The delivery time for producing 3000 sets of tool kits in your brand is 30-40 days after order confirmed.In fact, It is no problem for us to handle OEM orders. But actually, we have other 2 options below to help to you save the cost.Option 1:Please add the quantity to 4000 sets to fill a full 40’FCL. The freight cost for each set will be cheaper than LCL shipment. By the way, as I mentioned in the offer sheet, the MOQ for each item in OEM is one 40’ container, or we have to charge USD 200 as handling cost.Option 2:If you’d like to keep the previous quantity, we suggest you doing this order in our brand and current packaging to save the extra cost. No handling charge or firm charge will be needed. And the delivery time could be shortened to 20 days.Kindly check and advise your comments and decision.Thanks and best regards,Shirley cheng二、Doing business9.Counter offer to new inquiriesDear Abby,We’re so pleased to receive your inquiry through Global .I will check with our manager about the unit price for each item, and give you reply with quotation in 3 days.Any other interest, please also let me know.Best regards,Scott wang10.Counter offer to specific inquiriesDear Mr. Lee,Very glad to meet you in the Canton Fair yesterday!Concerning your inquired item #TD-JIC 2685, please find our offer as follows. Also attached the quote sheet in detail for your review. Items: 200W Power InverterArticle No. : TD-JIC 2685Specification: Could power a variety of electronic products with safe operationCertificate & testing report: ETLPackaging: Color boxPackaging Size: 15.8”x7.8”x2.4”Weight: 1.8 lbsSamples could be prepared in 5 working days. Please help to send me your address in detail with courier account, if you would like to evaluate the samples.We look forward to your reply soon!Best regards,Hugo11.Counter offer to non-specific inquiriesDear Sally,Thank you for your inquiry for our products!But frankly speaking, we’re a trading company with a wide range of different products. Here are our main categories below.1)Hand tool & power tool2)Art & craft3)Home textile4)Sporting accessories5)Outdoor decor6)Home use glasswarePlease find our company profile in attachment. If any interest, we’re willing to give you offer as per your request.Best regards,Spenser Ding12.Following-up inquiry from current customerCelina,Have you got my quotes dated on April 3rd? Any comments or feedback from your customer?If the price too high, we could do some changes to reduce the cost.By the way, I’m going to attend the Canton Fair phase I nest week. My colleague will send you our booth number later.We look forward to your early reply.Millie13.Recommending new product 推荐新产品Dear Mr. Yamada,How are you recently? Long time no contact with you!Any news for the samples we sent you several months ago? Do you have some buying plan this year?I would like to recommend you our new hair dryer model as below. Please find the photos and instruction manual in attachment.Model: Portable hair dryerItem No. : HKK-96666Power: 1900WFunction: 2 speed/ 3 heat settings; Cool short functionColor: AllPacking: Color boxSample lead time: immediatelyWe have passed the testing and got the PSE certificate. Would you like to evaluate the sample in advance?Thanks and best regards,Pierre de RoyerVP-Sales & Marketing14.Replying questions 回答客户问题Dear May,Thanks for getting me back for my quotation.According to your questions, please find our reply as follows.●Is it possible to do O/A 45 days?According to our company rules, we could only do T/T or L/C at sight.I think we could make a compromise to do L/C with you.●What is your main market? Turnover?Our main market is USA, and turnover is roughly 5 million USD per year.●Have you cooperated with other customers in Germany？Who are they?Yes, we got orders from OTTO and QVC in Germany via importers in Europe.●Do you have interest to do our own design items?Absolutely! We have big interest!●How many staffs in your company?Roughly 35 in the office, and 10 inspectors.If you have any further questions, please let me know.Thanks and best regards,Adeline ZhangSales Manager-EU term15.Prompt & accurate quotation 快速准确的报价Dear Flora,Thanks for mailing me back and notifying us your requested item with details!Please find the detailed estimate in attachment. Samples could be prepared on request.Kindly check and let me know if any other questions.Sincerely yours,Jessica Li16.Detailed & professional quotation 详细专业的报价Dear Clair,This is Kerry from ABC Trading Inc. According to your inquiry of grease gun, I was wondering if you could accept our price USD5.65/pc. Per our conversation on HK fair, the estimate USD 5.30/pc was based on the simple packaging of poly bag with sticker, not the color box as you confirmed finally.Enclosed please find the instruction manual, die-cut of color box and offer sheet.Your prompt reply would be greatly appreciated!Regards,Kerry Hu17.Replying to customer bargain 回复客户砍价Dear Clair,I’m so sorry that we couldn’t meet your target of USD 5.30/pc with color box!As I mentioned in my previous mail, our price was based on the different packaging method.Anyway, we could reduce our margin to establish our business. Our final price is USD 5.50 with a color box, and USD 5.20 with a poly bag. If you’d like to do promotion for this item, we suggest you confirm the poly bag instead. According to our experience, other customers mainly use this simple packaging for EU market.Please help to check with buyer and advise the comments.Best regards,Kerry HuPlease help to check with buyer and give me reply soon.Would you accept EUR 3.50/pc as final price？We could give you a special discount of 10% if the quantity up to 1X40’HQ.I have to recheck the price and see if we could meet your target.We are desperate to get your price confirmation to proceed.18.Price negotiating 价格谈判Dear Clair，To be candid with you, we have no margin to reduce the pricing again.In fact, the price is very important to win this order, but the quality counts for much more. We couldn’t debase our quality to achieve your price aim. I’m sorry!I have discussed with our top management, and decided to proceed inbelow suggestion.●USD 5.50/pc, with color box packaging, based on 10,000 pcs●USD 5.20/pc, with simple poly bag packaging, based on 10,000 pcs●3% will be provided as a special discount, when quantity up to 30,000pcsPlease help to consider and inform us which way is better for you. We understand that you have to test your local market and retail price. And we’re pleased to do a trial order for you with small quantity in our first business. Maybe 5000-8000 pcs is workable for you to make a decision, with no price increase.Best regards,Kerry HuPrice is important, but quality counts for much more.10% discount will be provided if you double the quantity.19.Final price confirmed 最终价格确认Dear Clair,Very glad to hear that you confirmed the price of USD 5.20/pc. It is our pleasure to be on service of you about the 7500 pcs trial order. Please find the PI in attachment, with unit price, packaging, carton info, delivery time, payment terms, etc. If no additional questions, kindly sign and stamp it and send me back.As soon as we receive the confirmed PI, we’ll do the final sampling at once.Any other questions, please let me know.Best regards,Kerry HuWe’ll arrange the production as long as we receive your approval email. Deal! Please send me updated offer sheet ASAP.Your final estimate is 5% than your competitions.I will consider doing business with your company if you could accept the 10000 pcs this time.Good price! But we cannot accept your packing suggestion. I will give you our idea later.20.Preparing samples to customer 准备样品Dear Clair,We’re now doing the samples, and will finish them before this weekend.I will send you them for quality approval.Best regards,Kerry HuSamples will be ready/finished/completed in three days.We’ll do the finalization after samples received.Please do sampling as quickly as possible, as we have to show them in the coming Dubai fair.I will do my best catch your itinerary.We will let you know about the sample status.21.Requesting the courier account 向客户询问到付账号Hi Clair,Samples were just completed, and passed our internal inspection. Please check the photos in attachment.Would you like us to send them to you? Which express company do you prefer? Please advise your courier account. Thank you!Best regards,Kerry HuWe want you to look over the attached photos of samples and give us your comments.22.Requesting sampling charge 支付样品费Dear Clair,Greetings!Glad to get your approval for our final samples. Just following up to let you know that we do the new samples strictly according to your logo printing, but please pay for the film charge USD 300 by your side. After order placed, you could deduct this cost when balancing the payment. Enclosed please find our bank account file.Please advise your opinion. Thank you!Best regards,Kerry HuJust following up to let you know that we already did the packaging as your request.23.Asking for sample evaluation 询问样品评估Dear Clair,Good morning! Have you enjoyed a nice weekend?I’m sure that you’re very busy every Monday, and really sorry to trouble you at this time. Just following up to check whether you received our samples? Does everything okay?If any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.Best regards,Kerry HuI’m desperate to get your approval for samples.There are some minor details that I’d like to check with you.Hope our samples could match your request.We will send you 1pc of sample, and keep the other one for our records.24.Packaging confirmation 包装确认Dear Clair,As per your order, the packaging is poly bag with printing, right?But our previous discussion is just poly bag, without any other additional charge. If you insist on the printing on poly bag, we have to increase the unit price a little.By the way, we could do a sticker for you, and put the right side on each poly bag, free of charge.Please advise your decision. Thanks.Best regards,Kerry HuThanks a million for your confirmed order.I’m particularly interested in double blister.The same slide card packaging as your current items.12 pcs per inner box and 96 pcs per outer carton.Double corrugated carton 双瓦楞纸箱25.Color confirmation 颜色确认Dear Clair,Thanks for your kind notice! Please hereby re-confirm the color for your orders.PMS137 (orange), 2500 pcsPMS362 (green), 2500 pcsPMS418 (dark grey), 1500 pcsPMS637 (light blue), 1000 pcsIf no problem, we’ll send you some color pieces before mass production for approval.Best regards,Kerry HuPlease advise the CMYK for your pattern.Please send me the color swatches for confirmation.Color difference is not allowed for our orders.As you know, we have to keep the same package color of our items when displaying in our supermarkets.We’ll do the final inspection strictly according to PMS color.26.Artwork confirmation 确认设计稿Dear Clair,Please find the files in attachment, with details below.1.Artwork for shipping mark2.Artwork for logo printing position3.Draft for multi-language warnings on poly bag4.Die-cut for packaging5.Barcode with sizePlease check the attached multi-language instruction manual.Please send me the draft for EAN code.Here enclosed the artwork for your 5c logo design.I will give you the final artwork for PDQ soon.27.Acknowledging other requests 了解客户其他需求Mass production statusDear Clair,How are you?Per you current order, do you have some additional comments?We’re now doing the mass production for goods, and the color box with cartons will be completed next Wednesday.It will take us roughly 7 days for packaging and testing. And the final inspection time is OK for us after 10 days. Would you like us to do the internal inspection for you? Or ask the 3rd party to take the responsibility?By the way, I would like to recommend you some new items. Please check another email with full photos and descriptions.Any interest, please keep me posted. I have all samples on hand, and could send them at any time.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Kind regards,Kerry HuHere attached the photos for some of our new products.Take the responsibility for the final inspection.三、Order follow-up 订单操作28.Receiving PODear Stephy,Attached you can find the order W-XK153 for 6 pcs screwdriver set. We’d like to change L/C at sight into T/T 30 days.We need urgently 3 sets of samples. Give me the tracking number after arrangement.Sincerely,EvaWe could only accept L/C 60 days as payment terms.Please arrange the sampling in our selected Pantone No. ASAP.Only a trial order will be placed this time!If 5% discount provided, we’ll decide to place another 1X40’FCL.Drop test procedure: 摔箱跌落测试确定高度，一角三边六面测试。

位置变更 部门内部编号新增或更改 资产管理人 New Location Department Ref 或使用人
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