第六讲 句法翻译
- 格式:ppt
- 大小:102.00 KB
- 文档页数:23
第六讲非谓语动词一、总说:1.概念:不能在句中单独做谓语的动词形式,在句中起名词、形容词或副词作用。
2. 时态和语态:非谓语的时态和语态是相对的,要选择正确的非谓语形式,必须找准参照物,牢记一句口诀:___________________________________。
3. 分类: to do,v-ing和v-ed。
4. 否认形式:在非谓语标志性的单词前加not,即在to, v-ing或v-ed前面加not。
二、不定式:㈠不定式的时态:参照物是_____________,须比拟二者的_______关系。
①一般式to do:表示的动作和谓语动词动作_________或发生在谓语动词动作_______。
. He decided to go with us.I hope to see you next week.②进展式to be doing: 表示的动作和谓语动词动作__________。
. The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.③完成式to have done: 表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作_______。
. I’m sorry to have interrupted you.比拟该句和I’m sorry to interrupt you.的区别:㈡不定式的语态:参照物是___________,须比拟二者的________关系。
. a. The library __________ next year is very beautiful. (build)b. The room seems ___________________ already. (tidy up)注:①在easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, interesting等形容词后的不定式由于往往能补充出for sb.〔即动作的发出者〕, 所以通常使用主动形式:. a. The water is not fit to drink.b. The chair is comfortable to sit on.c. The problem is difficult to deal with.②某些动词的不定式作表语,需用主动形式表被动含义:e.g. a. Parents are to blame if their children do not have good manners.b. The house is to let.㈢不定式的句法功能:动词不定式除了不能单独作谓语外,几乎能充当句子中所有的句子成分。
句法翻译法第一节名词性从句的翻译一、主语从句1、以what, whatever, whether, when, where, how, why等引导的主语从句,在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
(举例)What he told me was only liesWhen we can begin the journey is still a question.2、用it作形式主语的主语从句,可以把主语从句放到汉语句子的最前面翻译。
为了强调,it一般可以译出来, 翻译成“这”;如果不需要强调,it也可以不译出来, (但一定要采取颠倒语序倒着翻译!!!)(举例)It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.It seemed unbelievable that the pilot could have survived the crash.题二、宾语从句1.用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if等引导的宾语从句,在翻译成汉语的时候,一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
(举例)I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.Can you hear what I say?I don’t know that he swam across the river.I don’t know how he swam across the river.He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.2.用it作形式宾语的句子,在翻译的时候,that所引导的宾语从句一般可以按英语原文的顺序来翻译;it有时候可以不用翻译。