口外历年真题精选

口外期末考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 口腔颌面部感染的常见途径是：A. 直接扩散B. 淋巴传播C. 血行传播D. 飞沫传播2. 以下哪项不是颌面部骨折的临床表现：A. 面部畸形B. 咬合异常C. 疼痛D. 皮肤瘙痒3. 口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤中最常见的类型是：A. 鳞状细胞癌B. 基底细胞癌C. 恶性黑色素瘤D. 淋巴瘤4. 口腔颌面部软组织损伤中，以下哪种情况需要进行清创处理：A. 轻微擦伤B. 深度小于1cm的切口C. 深度大于2cm的切口D. 表面瘀斑5. 以下哪项不是口腔颌面部感染的常见致病菌：A. 金黄色葡萄球菌B. 大肠杆菌C. 链球菌D. 绿脓杆菌二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）6. 口腔颌面部感染的常见症状包括______、______和______。

7. 颌面部骨折的诊断依据包括______、______和______。

8. 口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤的治疗方法主要有______、______和______。

9. 口腔颌面部软组织损伤的急救措施包括______、______和______。

10. 口腔颌面部感染的预防措施包括______、______和______。

三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）11. 简述口腔颌面部感染的常见原因及其预防措施。

12. 描述颌面部骨折的分类及治疗方法。

13. 阐述口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤的临床表现及诊断要点。

14. 解释口腔颌面部软组织损伤的急救原则。

四、病例分析题（每题15分，共30分）15. 患者，男，35岁，因面部外伤后出现肿胀、疼痛和开口受限，经检查发现下颌骨骨折。

请分析可能的骨折类型，并提出相应的治疗方案。

16. 患者，女，45岁，口腔内发现一无痛性肿块，经活检确诊为鳞状细胞癌。

请根据病情提出综合治疗方案，并讨论预后。

五、论述题（共20分）17. 论述口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤的综合治疗策略，包括手术、放疗和化疗的适应症和注意事项。

六、附加题（10分）18. 请根据当前口腔颌面部疾病治疗的发展趋势，谈谈你对口腔颌面部疾病预防和治疗的新认识。

口外第一学期：名解--------干槽症、oral and maxilloficial surgery 、智齿冠周炎、痈、控制性降压麻醉、osseointergration问答----切取活检的方法及注意事项下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉口内注射标记、方法、麻醉区域下颌阻生第三磨牙的分类中央性、边缘性颌骨骨髓炎的鉴别第二学期：名解-----坚固内固定、保存性功能性外科、扳机点、快速成形技术（英文）、牵张成骨术（英文）问答-----简述对唇腭裂序列治疗的理解、口腔颌面部的创伤特点、颊癌的病例分析、咬肌间隙感染的病例分析名解骨结合AHI 阻塞性窒息微创外科贝尔麻痹问答唇腭裂序列治疗的理解TMJ前脱位和髁突颈骨折的鉴别病例：翼下合间隙感染舌癌口外问答冠周炎扩散途径骨结合影响因素局麻药中常加入的血管收缩剂是什么？有何作用？拔牙断根原因舌挫裂处理涎石病临表特点及治疗唇腭裂手术目的，牙槽突裂植骨时间，骨来源癌症综合序列治疗引起张口受限的疾病有哪些？简述其特点名解骨膜下种植体OSAHS 快速成型技术Fery综合症扳机点临界瘤移动体位试验关节强直NOE骨折随意皮瓣路德维希咽颊炎骨结合修复前外科口外下颌下线结石多发原因甲状舌管囊肿随意皮瓣舌挫伤处理拔牙后疼痛原因坚强内固定保存性功能外科QSAHSAHI活检问答冠周炎扩散途径骨结合影响因素局麻药中常加入的血管收缩剂是什么？有何作用？拔牙断根原因舌挫裂处理涎石病临表特点及治疗唇腭裂手术目的，牙槽突裂植骨时间，骨来源癌症综合序列治疗引起张口受限的疾病有哪些？简述其特点名解骨膜下种植体OSAHS 快速成型技术Fery综合症扳机点临界瘤移动体位试验关节强直NOE骨折随意皮瓣路德维希咽颊炎骨结合修复前外科08级名解：classification of TNM 唇腭裂序列治疗味觉性出汗综合征（英文）debridement 牙合面畸形选择：1.开口度指2拔牙上下颌牙，阻生牙开口角度3.肿瘤N2b 4肿瘤药的分类名称 5.正合不适6.用于：关闭生理间隙7.三叉神经扳机点可能有多个8.皮瓣适用于9腭裂2岁治疗偏晚10牙源性囊肿不包括正中囊肿了11皮样囊肿含皮肤附属器12骨化性纤维瘤与骨纤维异常增生症的不同点，治疗异同12智齿冠周炎脓液延下颌骨外斜面后外方可能引起咬肌间隙感染13 哪些不会引起张口受限：问答：1 拔牙适应症2 牵张成骨的适应症3 TMD防治原则4 颌面部创伤特点5.病例分析：女性，40岁，舌右侧疼痛半年，检查：白色斑块，糜烂，易出血。

广东外语外贸大学出国英语培训入学考试真题全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today I want to share with you my experience of taking the entrance exam for the English training program at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.When I first heard about the exam, I was really nervous because I didn't know what to expect. But after studying hard and preparing myself, I felt more confident. The exam was divided into four parts: listening, reading, writing, and speaking.The listening part was a bit challenging for me because the speakers spoke really fast. But I tried my best to focus and understand the questions. The reading part was easier for me because I love reading English books and articles. I was able to answer most of the questions correctly.The writing part was a bit tricky because I needed to write an essay about my favorite holiday. I wrote about my trip to Disneyland and why it was the best holiday ever. I tried to use different vocabulary words and sentence structures to make my essay more interesting.Finally, the speaking part was the most fun! I had to talk about my daily routine and answer some questions from the examiners. I practiced speaking English with my friends and family, so I felt more confident during this part of the exam.Overall, I had a great time taking the entrance exam for the English training program at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. I hope I did well and can't wait to start my English training soon!篇2Title: My Experience in the Entrance Exam for Studying Abroad English Training at Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesHey everyone! I want to share with you my experience in the entrance exam for studying abroad English training at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. It was such a fun and exciting day!The exam was divided into four parts: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. In the listening part, we had to listen to different recordings and answer questions about them. Some of the recordings were really fast, but I tried my best to pay attention and write down the answers.The reading part was a bit challenging too. We had to read passages and answer questions based on them. Some of the passages were quite long, but I tried to scan them quickly and find the answers.The writing part was my favorite because I love writing stories. We had to write a short essay about our favorite hobby and why we like it. I wrote about how much I love playing soccer with my friends and how it helps me relax and have fun.Finally, the speaking part was nerve-wracking but exciting. We had to talk about a topic given by the examiner for two minutes. I talked about my dream of traveling around the world and how I want to learn English to communicate with people from different countries.Overall, the exam was a bit challenging but so much fun! I can't wait to find out the results and hopefully get accepted into the program. Wish me luck!篇3Hello everyone! Today, I'm going to tell you all about the entrance exam for the English training program at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. It's like a big test to see if you're ready to study English and go abroad. Let's dive in!First, you have to know some basic English words and grammar. They'll ask you questions like "What's your name?" or "How old are you?" Don't worry, it's not too hard. Just study a bit and you'll be fine!Next, there will be a listening test. You'll hear people talking in English and you have to understand what they're saying. It's important to listen carefully and try your best to answer the questions.Then, there's a reading test. You'll read some passages in English and answer questions about them. Remember to take your time and read carefully. Don't rush through it!After that, there's a writing test. You'll have to write a short essay in English. Just think of it as telling a story or describing something you like. Remember to use proper grammar and punctuation.Finally, there's a speaking test. You'll talk to a teacher in English and answer their questions. Don't be shy, just do your best and try to speak clearly.So, that's the entrance exam for the English training program at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. Remember to study hard and good luck on the test! You can do it!篇4Hi everyone! Today I want to share with you a really cool thing – the entrance exam for the English training program at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. It's like a super fun challenge that could help us get better at speaking English and maybe even go abroad someday!So, in this exam, we have to show our English skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. For the listening part, we have to listen to conversations and answer questions about them. It's kind of like a game where we have to pay attention and think fast!Next up is the speaking part, where we have to talk about a topic for a few minutes. We can choose a topic we like and just talk about it. Maybe I'll talk about my favorite food or my favorite superhero!Then there's the reading part, where we have to read some passages and answer questions about them. It's like a puzzle that we have to solve with our reading skills. And finally, there's the writing part, where we have to write an essay about a topic. I'll make sure to use lots of big words and cool phrases to impress the examiners!I'm super excited about this exam because I really want to improve my English and maybe even study abroad one day. So, wish me luck and let's rock this exam together! Go English! Go GDUFS!篇5Hi everyone! Today I want to share with you the entrance exam questions for the study abroad English training at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies and Foreign Trade. Are you ready? Let's get started!Question 1:Why do you want to study abroad and improve your English skills? Please provide at least two reasons.Question 2:Please write a short paragraph (around 100-150 words) about your dream study abroad destination and why you want to go there.Question 3:Imagine you are traveling in a foreign country and you need to ask for directions to a popular tourist attraction. How would you communicate with the locals in English to find your way?Question 4:What are some of the benefits of studying abroad, besides improving your language skills? Please provide at least three examples.Question 5:If you could choose any job in the world that requires English language skills, what would it be and why? Please explain your choice in detail.Remember to answer each question thoroughly and express your thoughts clearly. Good luck on your exam! Let's all work hard to achieve our dreams of studying abroad and becoming fluent in English! Go, go, go!篇6Title: Let's have fun with the GDUFS Study Abroad English Training Entrance Exam!Hey guys, are you ready to have some fun and show off your English skills for the GDUFS Study Abroad English Training Entrance Exam? Let's dive into the exciting world of English together!First, let's warm up with some simple questions to get our brains going. Can you tell me the English names of some common animals like dog, cat, and bird? How about the colors red, blue, and yellow? Don't worry, these are just the basics!Now, let's move on to some more challenging questions. Can you put these words in the correct order to make a sentence: I, like, apples, do, you? How about figuring out the correct verb tense to complete this sentence: Yesterday, Tom (play) ______ basketball with his friends.Next, let's test your listening skills with a short audio clip. Listen carefully and answer the questions that follow. Don't worry if you don't get it right the first time, practice makes perfect!Finally, it's time for the reading comprehension section. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions to show off your reading skills. Remember, take your time and don't rush through it.Phew, that was a lot of brain work! But don't worry, just do your best and have fun with the GDUFS Study Abroad English Training Entrance Exam. Good luck, my fellow English learners! Let's show them what we've got!篇7Title: My Experience Taking the Entrance Exam for English Language Training at Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesHey everyone! So I want to tell you about my experience taking the entrance exam for the English language training program at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. It was super exciting and a bit nerve-wracking, but I had a lot of fun too!The exam had a few different parts. First, we had to do a listening test where they played some recordings and we had to answer questions about them. It was kind of tricky because they spoke really fast, but I tried my best to listen carefully and write down the answers.Next, we had a reading comprehension section where we had to read some passages and answer questions about them. Some of the passages were really interesting, like one about a trip to a foreign country and another about a famous historical figure. I had to read carefully to make sure I understood everything.After that, we had a writing test where we had to write a short essay in English. I wrote about my favorite hobby, which isplaying soccer. I had to make sure to use good grammar and spelling, so I tried to be really careful with my writing.Finally, we had a speaking test where we had to talk about a given topic for a few minutes. I got a topic about my family, so I talked about my parents and siblings and what we like to do together. It was a bit nerve-wracking speaking in English, but I tried to be confident and speak clearly.Overall, the exam was a bit challenging, but I had a lot of fun showing off my English skills. I hope I did well and can get into the English language training program at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. Wish me luck! Bye!篇8Title: My Experience in the Entrance Exam for Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesHey everyone! I want to tell you about my experience in the entrance exam for Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. It was super cool and a little bit nerve-wracking, but I had a lot of fun in the end.First, we had to do a listening test. The teacher played a recording and we had to write down what we heard. It was a littletricky because the recording was fast, but I did my best to catch everything. Then, we had a reading test where we had to answer questions about a passage in English. Some of the words were hard, but I tried to guess the answers based on the context.Next, we had a speaking test. We had to talk about our hobbies and favorite foods in English. I was a little shy at first, but the teacher was really nice and helped me feel more comfortable. Finally, we had a writing test where we had to write a short essay about our dreams and goals. I wrote about how I want to travel the world and learn about different cultures.Overall, the exam was a challenge, but I had a lot of fun and learned a lot. I can't wait to see if I get accepted into the program. Wish me luck!篇9Title: My Experience Taking the Entrance Exam for English Training at Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesHey guys, do you want to hear about my experience taking the entrance exam for English training at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies? It was super exciting and a little bitnerve-wracking, but I had a lot of fun!First, let me tell you about the exam. It had three parts: listening, reading, and writing. In the listening part, they played all kinds of recordings like conversations, news reports, and speeches. It was a bit tricky because they spoke really fast, but I did my best to answer the questions.Next was the reading part. They gave us a few passages to read and then asked us questions about them. Some of the passages were really interesting, like one about the history of the English language. I learned a lot just from reading them!Finally, there was the writing part. We had to write an essay on a given topic. I wrote about my dream of studying abroad and how learning English would help me achieve it. I made sure to use all the vocabulary and grammar I had learned in my English classes.After the exam was over, I felt relieved but also proud of myself for trying my best. I hope I did well and will get accepted into the English training program at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. Wish me luck!Overall, taking the entrance exam was a great experience. It really tested my English skills and showed me how much I have learned so far. I can't wait to continue improving and become even better at English!篇10Once upon a time, I went to Guangdong University of Foreign Studies to take the entrance exam for studying abroad English training. It was super duper exciting, but also kind of nerve-wracking, ya know?The exam had a bunch of questions, like reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, listening, and speaking. It was like a big adventure through the land of English. I had to use all my brain power to answer the questions and show off my English skills.In the reading part, I had to read some stories and answer questions about them. It was like going on a reading journey and exploring different worlds. I had to really focus and understand the meaning of the stories. It was like solving a puzzle, but with words instead of pieces.For vocabulary and grammar, I had to match words with their meanings and choose the correct grammar rules. It was like playing a game of memory, but with English words. I had to remember all the words I learned and use them in the right way. It was a real brain workout, let me tell ya!Then, there was the listening part, where I had to listen to conversations and answer questions about them. It was like listening to a secret code and trying to figure it out. I had to really pay attention and tune my ears to understand what was being said. It was a challenge, but I think I did pretty good.Last but not least, there was the speaking part, where I had to talk about a given topic for a few minutes. It was like telling a story to a friend and sharing my thoughts. I had to be confident and speak clearly to show my English skills. It was a little scary, but I gave it my best shot.Overall, the exam was a fun and challenging experience. I learned a lot and had a great time exploring the world of English.I hope I did well and can continue my English adventure at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. Wish me luck!。

一、名词解释：1.局部麻醉：用局部麻醉药暂时阻断机体一定区域内神经末梢（1分）和纤维（1分）的感觉传导，从而使该区疼痛消失。

（1分）2.颌间牵引：是在上下颌牙列上分别安置有挂钩的牙弓夹板，然后根据骨折需要复位的方向，在上下颌牙弓夹板的挂钩上套上橡皮圈作牵引，使其恢复到正常的咬合关系。

3.颞下颌关节紊乱病：并非指单一的疾病，它是一类病因尚未完全清楚而又有共同发病因素和临床主要症状的一组疾病的总称。

一般有颞下颌关节区及相应的软组织包括肌肉的疼痛；下颌运动异常和伴有功能障碍以及关节弹响、破碎音及杂音等三大症状。

4.三叉神经痛：指在三叉神经分布区域内出现阵发性电击样剧烈疼痛（1分），历时数秒至数分钟，间歇期无症状。

疼痛可由于口腔和颜面的任何刺激引起（1分），以中老年人多见，多数为单侧性。

临床上通常将三叉神经痛分为原发性和继发性两种。

原发性三叉神经痛系指无神经系统体征，而且各种检查并未发现明显和发病有关的器质性病变者。

（1分）5.牙颌面畸形：指因颌骨发育异常而引起的颌骨体积、形态、以及上下颌骨之间及其与颅面及其他骨骼之间关系的异常（1分），和随之伴发的牙颌关系及口颌系统功能异常（1分）及颜面部的畸形（1分）6.阻滞麻醉：阻滞麻醉是将局麻药注射到神经干或其主要分支附近，以阻断神经末稍传入的刺激，是被阻滞的神经分布区域产生的麻醉效果。

7.颌间牵引：是在上下颌牙列上分别安置有挂钩的牙弓夹板，然后根据骨折需要复位的方向，在上下颌牙弓夹板的挂钩上套上橡皮圈作牵引，使其恢复到正常的咬合关系8．扳击点：是指在三叉神经分支区域内某个固定的局限的小块皮肤或粘膜特别敏感，对此稍加触碰，立即引起疼痛发作。

9.智齿冠周炎是指智齿萌出不全或阻生时，牙冠周围软组织发生的炎症。

临床上以下颌智齿冠周炎多见。

10.牙颌面畸形：指因颌骨发育异常而引起的颌骨体积、形态、以及上下颌骨之间及其与颅面及其他骨骼之间关系的异常（1分），和随之伴发的牙颌关系及口颌系统功能异常（1分）及颜面部的畸形（1分）二、简答题：1.简述下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉的口内注射方法及麻醉区域？（9分）答：1）注射方法：病员大张口，下颌颌平面与地面平行。

2023年全国口译员资格考试真题与答案（正文）2023年的全国口译员资格考试已经结束，以下是今年的真题与答案，供考生参考。

第一部分：听力理解（共四篇听力材料，每篇10题）第一篇：材料一：政治演讲Q1. 演讲者的身份是什么？Q2. 演讲的主题是什么？Q3. 为什么演讲者提到了历史事件？材料二：新闻报道Q4. 新闻报道中提到的国家是哪个？Q5. 新闻报道中所述事件是什么？Q6. 事件的原因是什么？材料三：教育讲座Q7. 讲座的目的是什么？Q8. 讲座中提到的重要问题是什么？Q9. 为什么讲座中提到了国外的经验？材料四：旅游广告Q10. 广告中提到的旅游目的地是哪里？Q11. 广告中提到的旅游活动是什么？Q12. 为什么这个目的地适合旅游者？第二部分：阅读理解（共三篇阅读材料，每篇15题）阅读材料一：科技文章Q13. 文章主要讨论的是什么科技？Q14. 这项科技在哪个领域有潜在的应用？Q15. 文章中提到的优势是什么？阅读材料二：商业报告Q16. 这项报告是为了解决什么问题而进行的？Q17. 报告中列举的企业案例是在哪个行业？Q18. 为什么这些企业需要实施改变？阅读材料三：文化研究Q19. 这篇研究报告主要探讨的是哪个文化现象？Q20. 文章中提到的原因是什么？Q21. 研究的结果如何？第三部分：口译表达（共两个任务，每个任务5题）任务一：逐句口译请根据提供的英文句子逐句进行口译，语速适当，重点表达清晰。

任务二：长篇口译请根据提供的长篇英文短文进行口译，重点把握短文的主旨和要点。

第四部分：口译笔记（共两个任务，每个任务5题）任务一：根据听到的短语或句子写下意思。

（考生需根据听到的内容尽量准确地写下对应的中文意思）任务二：边听边翻译句子。

（考生需根据听到的英文句子边听边翻译成中文）答案解析：这部分根据具体真题来回答，可以提供详细的解析和参考答案，以帮助考生对于每个问题有更好的理解。

总结：在2023年的全国口译员资格考试中，听力理解部分、阅读理解部分和口译表达部分都是相应考生表现语言理解、表达和口译能力的重要环节。

更多2019年口腔颌面外科学考试专业实践能力模拟试题点击这里（公众号关注：百通世纪获取更多）口腔颌面外科学考试专业实践能力模拟试题（二）一、A1型题每一道考试题下面都有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。

请从中选择一个最佳答案。

51.早期腮腺黏液表皮样癌的治疗方法宜选用A.包膜外摘除肿瘤B.放疗C.肿瘤及腮腺摘除，保留面神经D.化疗加放疗E.肿瘤及腮腺摘除，不保留面神经52.颧骨颧弓骨折后骨折块移位方向主要取决于A.骨折块上所附着咀嚼肌的牵引B.致伤外力的方向和大小C.骨折线的方向和倾斜度D.骨折的部位E.重力的影响53.慢性腮腺炎行导管扩张术的主要适应证是A.有结石者B.导管或管口狭窄者D.无明显炎症者E.有阻塞症状者54.关于涎石病，以下说法错误的是A.多发生于下颌下腺B.多表现为反复进食时唾液腺肿胀C.治疗以解除导管阻塞为原则D.X线都能显示结石E.对确认为涎石病者，不作唾液腺造影55.骨关节病的主要临床特征是A.在开口运动中多声破碎B.在开口运动中有连续的摩擦音C.开口受限，咀嚼痛D.开口型歪曲E.关节周围区疼痛56.使用平行长焦距技术投照根尖片时应A.增加焦点胶片距B.减少焦点胶片距C.减少胶片与牙齿距离D.患者上前牙与地面垂直E.患者被检牙与地面垂直[更多初级中药师考试真题请点击百通世纪进入]57.一患者上颌骨骨折移位和软腭后坠，引起呼吸困难，最主要的抢救措施是A.环甲膜切开B.清除口腔内分泌物C.头低侧卧位D.舌牵向口外E.上提并固定上颌骨58.一患者从建筑工地高处摔下，检查见左、右下侧切牙间牙龈撕裂，下颌牙弓缩窄，舌后坠，颌骨骨折部位可能是A.颏孔区骨折B.髁状突骨折C.正中颏部单线骨折D.颏部粉碎性骨折E.下颌角骨折59.患者，35岁，左下颌第三磨牙区和下颌升支渐进性膨隆，按压有乒乓感，X线片显示多诊断可能是A.牙源性角化囊肿B.成釉细胞瘤C.牙源性黏液瘤D.颌骨中央性血管瘤E.骨化纤维瘤60.一患者因右颌下区反复肿痛10年，进食后疼痛加重，颌下区可触及硬块，检查可及颌下腺导管沙砾样结石，其治疗宜采用A.进食酸性食物B.全身应用抗生素C.理疗D.导管结石摘除E.下颌下腺摘除61.患者，女性，20岁，左舌下区浅蓝色肿物1年，将舌抬高，柔软，增大后破裂，流出蛋清样黏稠液，数日又长大如初，该患者的诊断可能是A.口底黏液腺囊肿B.舌下腺囊肿C.口底皮样囊肿D.囊性水瘤E.下颌下腺囊肿62.患儿，女，1岁，出生2个月即发现左颊稍显膨隆，逐渐长大，低头位增大明显，目前不适宜的治疗方案是A.给予激素治疗B.发展迅速，及时治疗C.穿刺诊断D.放射治疗E.定期观察和复查63.患者，男性，40岁，左颈部无痛性肿物5年，缓慢增大，检查见肿物约2.5cm×3cm，圆形，质地坚韧如软胶样周界清楚，表面未及动脉波动，穿刺抽出褐色血样液体，但经久不凝，该患者的诊断可能是A.颈动脉瘤B.神经鞘瘤C.颈部海绵状血管瘤D.囊性水瘤E.腮裂囊肿64.患者，男性，24岁，因右颌下无痛性肿物6个月入院，检查见肿物柔软与皮肤无粘连，穿刺抽出黏稠液，口底未见异常，B超显示囊性肿物，手术摘除颌下腺，术后1个月囊肿再A.颌下腺囊肿B.囊性水瘤C.舌下腺囊肿口外型D.皮样囊肿E.以上都不是65.患者，男性，60岁，右上前牙区牙龈菜花样肿物1个月，约1cm×1cm，病理报告为“高分化鳞癌”，X线片显示局部牙槽突有破坏，颌面部和颈部未及淋巴结肿大，该患者最佳治疗方案是A.上颌骨区域性扩大切除+根治性颈淋巴结清扫B.上颌骨区域性扩大切除+功能性颈淋巴结清扫C.上颌骨区域性扩大切除+定期观察，密切注意颈淋巴结情况D.上颌骨次全切除+功能性颈淋巴结清扫E.上颌骨全切除+功能性颈淋巴结清扫66.一患儿儿童期颏部对冲伤致单侧颞下颌关节强直，其伴发面下部发育畸形错误的描述是A.颏点偏向患侧B.健侧面部丰满C.患侧角前切迹加深D.患侧下颌体及升支短小E.患侧面部丰满67.患者，男，30岁，夏天贪凉面对风扇直吹一晚，晨起发现左侧口角下垂，口腔漏水，此患者诊断最大可能是A.左侧中枢性面神经麻痹B.左侧面肌痉挛C.左侧贝尔麻痹D.右侧贝尔麻痹E.右侧面肌亢[更多初级中药师考试真题请点击百通世纪进入]68.患者，女性，21岁，昨日拔右下颌第一磨牙后拔牙创出血不止，检查见拔牙创舌侧牙龈撕裂约1cm，局部渗血明显，正确止血方法为A.棉纱球压迫止血B.填塞碘仿纱条C.行颈外动脉结扎术D.肌注酚磺乙胺（止血敏）E.局麻下缝合牙龈裂口69.患者，男性，50岁，左下颌第三磨牙残根，并患有慢性乙型肝炎30年，关于此类患者拔牙，下列说法错误的是B.肝炎急慢性期皆可拔牙C.术前应进行肝功检查D.肝功损害严重者术后易出血E.拔牙前应检查凝血酶原时间70.患者，女，45岁，由于天气闷热，风扇直对面部吹一上午。

目　录2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2005年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2006年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2007年南开大学外国语学院专业英语真题及详解2008年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2009年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2010年南开大学外国语学院904语言学基础真题及详解2011年南开大学外国语学院866语言学基础真题及详解2012年南开大学外国语学院883语言学基础真题及详解2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解考试科目：应用语言学I. Illustrate each of the following terms briefly. (45 points)1． prescriptive linguistics【答案】Prescriptive linguistics: the linguistics that tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors. It seeks to tell people how language ought to be used by those who wish to use it.2． Displacement【答案】Displacement: Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, we can talk about Sapir, who is already dead; we can even talk about next week, which is in the future.3．IPA【答案】IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet, which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888. IPA is a set of symbols which can be used to represent the phones and phonemes of natural languages.4．suprasegmental【答案】Suprasegmental: aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principle Suprasegmental features are syllable, stress, tone, and intonation.5．blendings【答案】Blending is a process in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or byjoining the initial parts of the two words. For example, the word “smog” is blended from “smoke” and “fog”.6．denotation【答案】Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. It is the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning, opposite to connotation.7．hyponymy【答案】Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example, the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.8．stem【答案】A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. For example, “friend-” in friends, and “friendship-” in friendships are both stems. The former shows that a stem can be equivalent to a root, whereas the latter shows that a stem may contain a root and a derivational affix.9．inflectional morpheme【答案】Inflectional morpheme: It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words Inflectional affixes and only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind.10．back-formation【答案】It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, from “editor” the word “edit” was generated.11．c-command【答案】C-command: A c-commands B if and only if: 1) A does not dominate B and B does not dominate A; 2) The first branching dominating A also dominates B.12．Sapir-Whorf hypothesis【答案】Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people’s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.13．context of situation【答案】Context of situation: It refers to the linguistic and situational environment in which a word, utterance or text occurs. The meaning of utterances, etc., is determined not only by the literal meaning of the words used but also by the context or situation in which they occur.14．corpus linguistics【答案】Corpus linguistics: an approach to investigating language structure and use through the analysis of large databases to real language examples stored on computer. Issues amenable to corpus linguistics include the meanings of words across registers, the distribution and function of grammatical forms and categories, the investigation of lexico-grammatical associations, and issues in language acquisition and development. 15．CALL【答案】CALL: It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.II. Name each of the following IPA symbols. (10 points)1．[]【答案】voiceless postalveolar fricative2．[j]【答案】palatal approximant3．【答案】glottal plosive4．[w]【答案】bilabial approximant5．[x]【答案】voiceless velar fricative6．[υ]【答案】high back lax rounded vowel7．[æ]【答案】low front lax unrounded vowel8．[p]【答案】voiceless bilabial plosive9．【答案】voiceless aspirated affricate10．[d]【答案】voiced post-alveolar affricateIII. Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. (10 points)1．Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct.【答案】T【解析】本题考查语义三角理论。

Oral testby S.M.What are unhealthy foods?Mention of healthy food, people often immediately think of vegetables fruits and so on. As for unhealthy food, we always think about meat, oil, chips and so on. Actually, meat, oil crops also play a very critical role in maintaining the health of human body. For example, meat is the main source of protein. And protein is essential for the body. SO, what is unhealthy food?Firstly, unhealthy food always has a lot of fat. For example, the food in KFC and MDS, both of them can make people fat. Because the food such as French fries, hamburgers and fried chicken is high in calories. As we know, overweight always make people sick, so if you want to be healthy, don't often eat junk food. They are definitely unhealthy.Secondly, unhealthy food has little nutrition value. Such as cookies and cola have too much sugar. Canned food is easy to cause cancer.Thirdly, unhealthy food is delicious. Some of the snacks are unhealthy, such as potato chips, cola, ice cream, barbecue and canned foods. They usually do harms to people’s health, but they are really delicious and I really love them. So, unhealthy foods are always delicious.Unhealthy food may cause many negative effects. They may cause heart diseases, obesity and poor concentration. It will lead to some diseases and make us lack of energy.Sometimes choosing an extra piece of pizza or a bar of chocolate may be the expression of a very serious addiction to unhealthy food. In my opinion, if we want to be healthy, we must prevent ourselves from yummy food. But we will be unhealthy, if we choose to enjoy all kinds of junk food. It’s a dilemma for me. But I will try my best to live a healthy life without unhealthy food.If you could have any food, which would it be?If I could have any food, I prefer Korean barbecue. When I saw Korean soap opera on TV, I was attracted by people’s facial expression. When eating barbecue, the zizi sound make the meat more delicious.In Korea, people cut beef into proper pieces. Prepare some ingredient such as garlic and green onion. Heat up the iron plate and put the beef on it. Then add some sauce on the beef. Cut the beef into smaller pieces with scissors until its color turn brown. And then you can enjoy the delicious Korean barbecue with sauce, onion and garlic. You can also roll the beef in a piece of vegetable, so it won’t taste greasy.Mention of healthy food, people often immediately think of vegetables fruits and so on. As for unhealthy food, we always think about meat, oil, chips and so on. Actually, meat, oil crops also play a very critical role in maintaining the health of human body. For example, meat is the main source of protein. And protein is essential for the body. And Korean beef is rich of protein. It has some nutrition that is necessary for human.So, if I could have any food, I would like to taste Korean barbecue.Which food does your family often eat?My dad and my mom are both born in the countryside. They love nature. So my family prefers food with less pollution, such as vegetable, fruit, milk, eggs and tofu. We would like to eat this kind of food because we think they are good for our health. They also can prevent us away from diseases. 去As for my family, we often eat food with less oil and salt. For breakfast, we often have porridge and eggs. But sometimes I have to rush to my school. I will take bread and milk to school and finish them there.For lunch and dinner, we usually have four dishes and soup. We often eat vegetable, steamed fish, ribs, cucumber with beef, steamed egg, carrots, potato. We are used to drinking soup every day. Especially people live in Guangdong Province. We will make a soup in a clay pot. Sometimes cook for several hours.As for me, I like tomatoes with eggs most. This is quite a traditional dish in China. It looks colorful. And it’s really delicious. It’s also easy to cook. I will help my mom cook it sometimes.Firstly, wash the tomatoes and cut them into pieces. Then pour oil into the pan. Stir the eggs until they are mixed up. Heat up some oil and throw the eggs in. Add a spoon of salt and a spoon of sugar. Fry for about five minutes. It tastes sweet and it’s really healthy.That’s all.What are healthy foods?Mention of healthy food, people often immediately think of vegetables fruits and so on. As for unhealthy food, we always think about meat, oil, chips and so on. Actually, meat, oil crops also play a very critical role in maintaining the health of human body. For example, meat is the main source of protein. And protein is essential for the body. SO, what are healthy foods?Healthy food must contain necessary nutrition which can benefit human’s body. Some healthy food is quite good for preventing disease. For example green tea can prevent us from heart disease and cancer. Milk is rich of protein, minerals and vitamins. Some research shows that fish can make people smart and it’s really delicious.But sometimes junk food may be more delicious than healthy food. Such as potato chips, cola, ice cream, barbecue and canned foods. They are in high calories though they taste good always.Sometimes choosing an extra piece of pizza or a bar of chocolate may be the expression of a very serious addiction to unhealthy food. In my opinion, if we want to be healthy, we must prevent ourselves from yummy food. But we will be unhealthy, if we choose to enjoy all kinds of junk food. It’s a dilemma for me. But I will try my best to live a healthy life without unhealthy food.Which food do you like second least?I like many kinds of food. I like fish, chicken, potato, carrot, tofu and so on. I love them because my mom can cook a lot of delicious food with these ingredients. Meanwhile, they are good for our health because they are full of nutrition.Although I like eating food, I don’t like junk food, such as potato chips, cola, ice cream, barbecue and canned foods. They are in high calories though they taste good always. I am clear that they will do harm to our health. So I seldom eat in KFC and MDS.I like fat pork second least. Fat pork tastes greasy. When I am eating fat pork, I feel disgusted. On the other hand, it has a lot of fat. Eating too much fat pork can make us overweight. I can’t believe that some people like eating such disgusting thing.Sometimes choosing an extra piece of pizza or a bar of chocolate may be the expression of a very serious addiction to unhealthy food. In my opinion, if we want to be healthy, we must prevent ourselves from yummy food. But we will be unhealthy, if we choose to enjoy all kinds of junk food. It’s a dilemma for me. But I will try my best to live a healthy life without unhealthy food.What are good habits?We all have habits, such as learning habits, eating habits, speaking habits and thinking habits. Good habit, obviously, is something good that you do often or regularly, such as washing your hands before eating, helping those who are in trouble, saying “please”“Thank you” and “Excuse me” .Good habits can bring us benefits. For example, washing your hands can prevent us from falling ill. And always behaving in good manners can make us getting along well with each other. So there is no doubt that we should cultivate good habits.What is your second best habit?We all have habits, such as learning habits, eating habits, speaking habits and thinking habits. Good habit, obviously, is something good that you do often or regularly. My second best habit is reflecting on myself. As a famous saying from Zengzi said: "Each day I reflect on myself in three ways: in doing things for others, have I been disloyal? In my interactions with friends, have I been untrustworthy? In what I have learnt have I practiced?" We always make mistakes. For example, one day I was in a bad mood. So when my friends talks to me, I said something ugly. And she was a little embarrassed. That night I reflect on myself and found that I had already hurt her feelings. So next day I apologized to her and begged her pardon.I think it’s necessary for us to reflect on ourselves, improve our personality and cultivate good habits.How can one develop good habit?when it comes to how can one develop good habits, I think that we should take actions immediately and persist on it. We all have habits, such as learning habits, eating habits, speaking habits and thinking habits .And Good habit, obviously, is something good that you do often or regularly. So if we want to cultivate a good habit, we must do it persistently for a long time. Take myself for an example, I used to be lazy. I always put off doing my homework and as a result I can’t hand in on time.I decided to make a habit of finish the work on time. To cultivate it, I have to do my homework right away and persist on doing it. Gradually, I do not procrastinate and cultivate a good habit. So in my opinion, to cultivate a good habit, all we should do are take actions and persist.How many good habits do you have?Actually, I think it’s a strange question. If I want to answer this question, I have to make a list of my habits and find the good habits and count it. I can’t find out the exact number. But I believe I have a lot. We all have habits, such as learning habits, eating habits, speaking habits and thinking habits. Good habit, obviously, is something good that you do often or regularly, For example, I love doing sports in my leisure time, which can built my body and keep me fit. Also, I like writing, in order to record my life and my feelings. What’s more, I always help my parents do some house work. In a word, I do have a lot of good habits.Who in your family has the best habit?We all have habits, such as learning habits, eating habits, speaking habits and thinking habits. Good habit, obviously, is something good that you do often or regularly. I think my mom has the best habit in my family. She always reflects on herself. For example, once I had an agreement with her, and she became a little unreasonable. But next day she apologized to me and discussed the problem with me again patiently. I think it’s very brave and wise for a mother to admit her mistakes to her child and correct it. As a famous saying from Tseng Tzu said: "Each day I reflect on myself in three ways: in doing things for others, have I been disloyal? In my interactions with friends, have I been untrustworthy? In what I have learnt have I practiced?"How to celebrate the Spring Festival?Which festival is the most important?For overall Chinese people the most important festival must be the Spring Festival. It is celebrated at the time near spring, which means everything come back to life. The reason why so many Chinese people like the Spring Festival is it is a treasured time that people can get together with family especially those who can’t stay with parents because of their jobs. I love the Spring Festival most. On the Spring Festival, my mother always cooks what I like for me to eat and buys some beautiful clothes for me. What’s more, my parents will take me to visit my relatives. When we meet each other , we must say some lucky words, like “I hope your dream will come true”. Hearing these word, all of us will feel very happy. Later, the grow-ups should give me the lucky money. So I can use it to buy what I like .The Spring Festival is also an exciting time. At night, we can enjoy the beautiful firework in the sky. It’s very fascinating and charming. In a word, I look forward to the coming Spring Festival.if you ask me which festival you don’t like, I will say “Until now, I haven’t met any festival I don’t like. Because festivals means I don’t need to go to school and have my own time to do what I like and go where I want to go. ”My favorite festival is the Dragon Boat Festival. It’s a festival to honor Quyuan, an ancient poet who loved his country very much. On that day, Chinese people would make this kind of food, Zhongzi. Its ingredients are rice, shrimp, mushroom and so on. It’s wrapped by bamboo leaves. Before you taste it, you are able to smell a pleasant smell. It tastes sticky and tender. It is a very delicious food that you can have a try.The least favorite festivalif you ask me which festival you don’t like, I will say “Until now, I haven’t met any festival I don’t like. Because festivals means I don’t need to go to school and have my own time to do what I like and go where I want to go. ”My favorite festival is the Dragon Boat Festival. It’s a festival to honor Quyuan, an ancient poet who loved his country very much. On that day, Chinese people would make this kind of food, Zhongzi. Its ingredients are rice, shrimp, mushroom and so on. It’s wrapped by bamboo leaves. Before you taste it , you are able to smell a pleasant smell. It tastes sticky and tender. It is a very delicious food that you can have a try.And for overall Chinese people the most important festival must be the Spring Festival. It is celebrated at the time near spring, which means everything come back to life. The reason why so many Chinese people like the Spring Festival is it is a treasured time that people can get together with family especially those who can’t stay with parents because of their jobs. I love the Spring Festival most. On the Spring Festival, my mother always cooks what I like for me to eat and buys some beautiful clothes for me. What’s more, my parents will take me to visit my relatives.When we meet each other , we must say some lucky words, like “I hope your dream will come true”. Hearing these words, all of us will feel very happy. Later, the grow-ups should give me the lucky money. So I can use it to buy what I like .The Spring Festival is also an exciting time. At night, we can enjoy the beautiful firework in the sky. It’s very fascinating and charming. In a word, I look forward to the coming Spring Festival.You like bestMy favorite festival is the Dragon Boat Festival. It’s a festival to honor Quyuan, an ancient poet who loved his country very much. On that day, Chinese people would make this kind of food, Zhongzi. Its ingredients are rice, shrimp, mushroom and so on. It’s wrapped by bamboo leaves. Before you taste it, you are able to smell a pleasant smell. It tastes sticky and tender. It is a very delicious food that you can have a try.if you ask me which festival you don’t like, I will say “Until now, I haven’t met any festival I don’t like. Because festivals means I don’t need to go to school and have my own time to do what I like and go where I want to go. ”And for overall Chinese people the most important festival must be the Spring Festival. It is celebrated at the time near spring, which means everything come back to life. The reason why so many Chinese people like the Spring Festival is it is a treasured time that people can get together with family especially those who can’t stay with parents because of their jobs. I love the Spring Festival most. On the Spring Festival, my mother always cooks what I like for me to eat and buys some beautiful clothes for me. What’s more, my parents will take me to visit my relatives. When we meet each other , we must say some lucky words, like “I hope your dream will come true”. Hearing these words, all of us will feel very happy. Later, the grow-ups should give me the lucky money. So I can use it to buy what I like .The Spring Festival is also an exciting time. At night, we can enjoy the beautiful firework in the sky. It’s very fascinating and charming. In a word, I look forward to the coming Spring Festival.。

口译期末考试原题和答案****一、听力理解（共20分）1. 听短对话，选择正确答案。

（每题2分，共10分）（1）A: 你昨天去看电影了吗？B: 是的，我去了，电影很有趣。

问：B昨天做了什么？A. 去看电影了B. 没去看电影C. 去逛街了答案：A（2）A: 这个项目需要在下周一之前完成，你觉得我们能按时完成吗？B: 只要我们努力，应该没问题。

问：B对项目完成的看法是什么？A. 很有信心B. 没信心C. 不确定答案：A（3）A: 你最近在读什么书？B: 我在读一本关于人工智能的书。

问：B最近在读什么类型的书？A. 科幻小说B. 人工智能C. 历史书籍答案：B（4）A: 明天的会议你准备了吗？B: 我已经准备好了PPT，但是还需要再检查一下数据。

问：B为明天的会议做了哪些准备？A. 准备了PPTB. 检查了数据C. 准备了PPT和检查了数据答案：C（5）A: 你对这个新政策有什么看法？B: 我认为这是一个积极的改变，但还需要时间来观察效果。

问：B对新政策的态度是什么？A. 反对B. 中立C. 支持答案：C2. 听长对话，回答问题。

（每题3分，共10分）对话内容：（略）（1）问：会议的主要议题是什么？答案：讨论新产品的市场推广策略。

（2）问：会议中提到的竞争对手是谁？答案：是行业内的领先公司X公司。

（3）问：会议决定采取什么措施来应对竞争对手？答案：加大研发投入，提高产品质量，以及加强市场营销。

二、口译实践（共60分）1. 英译汉（每段10分，共20分）（1）原文：“The company has been focusing on expanding its market share in the Asia-Pacific region, which is expected to drive the growth of the business in the coming years.”译文：该公司一直在专注于扩大其在亚太地区的市场份额，预计这将推动未来几年业务的增长。

广东2024年英语口语考试真题Title: Guangdong 2024 English Oral Examination QuestionsIntroduction:In 2024, Guangdong will be holding its annual English oral examination for students across the province. This exam aims to assess students' speaking skills in English and their ability to communicate effectively. Here are the questions that will be asked during the examination.Part 1: Personal Information1. Can you introduce yourself and tell us about your hobbies and interests?2. What are your future career aspirations and how do you plan to achieve them?3. Can you describe a memorable travel experience you have had in the past?Part 2: Education and Learning4. What is your favorite subject in school and why?5. How do you think technology has impacted education in recent years?6. Can you share a study tip or technique that helps you learn better?Part 3: Current Events and Global Issues7. What do you think is the biggest challenge facing the world today?8. How do you believe individuals can contribute to environmental conservation efforts?9. Can you discuss a recent news story that has caught your attention?Part 4: Opinion and Debate10. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: "money can buy happiness"? Why?11. Should school uniforms be mandatory for all students? Why or why not?12. What is your opinion on the role of social media in our daily lives?Conclusion:The 2024 Guangdong English oral exam will be a great opportunity for students to showcase their language skills andability to express themselves in English. By preparing for these questions and practicing speaking, students can improve their confidence and fluency in the language. Good luck to all participants in the upcoming exam!。