高考英语-虚拟语气-知识点考点全梳理

虚拟语气
概述：
虽然在整个语法体系中，虚拟语气所占比重不大。

但是，它却是学生理解和掌握上的一个难点。

历年高考中，单独设题考查虚拟语气的情况并不是很多。

它的考查经常是，虚拟语气与情态动词，与陈述语气的混合考查。

题型涉及完形填空，短文改错等。

思维导图：
目的状语从句
方式状语从句
让步状语从句
原因状语从句
在if only 引导的条件句
在表示愿望的感叹句中
在“what if ….”句型中
知识点梳理：
I 基本概念：
语气：语气表达的是说话者的态度问题。

通常是通过句子中的谓语动词与一些情态动词的结合，或通过自身的变化。

英语中的3种语气：
II 虚拟语气的具体用法
1. 非真实条件句
4.定语从句
用于句型：It is (high/about) time (that) + 过去式(be动词保持was, were两种形式)
+ should do (should不可省)
It is time that you went to bed.
It’s high time that we should begin the meeting.。

关于情态动词和虚拟语气的知识点总结【考纲解读】1、准确把握情态动词表允许、推测、判断等用法;2、准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气句子结构中的使用;3、wish，as/though，if only，would rather+从句，It is time+从句等句型中的虚拟语气;4、表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的词语后及各类从句中的虚拟语气;5、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用。

【知识点梳理】情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。

情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有的情态动词有过去式。

常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare等。

一、情态动词的基本用法和重点点击(一)can和could基本用法1.表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。

He could read books in English when he was only five.他只有五岁的时候就会读英文书籍了。

2.表示客观的可能性Anybody can make mistakes.任何一个人都有可能犯错误。

3.表示请求建议，用could 比 can语气更委婉 (回答用原形)Could you be here at eight o’clock tomorrow morning?你可不可以明天上午8点钟来这儿呢?4.表示允许、许可，用could 比 can更委婉客气。

Could/Can I borrow your reference books?我可以借用一下你的参考书吗?重点点击1.否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。

Can it be true? 难道这是真的?You can't be serious! 你怕不是在开玩笑吧!Oh, dear, what on earth can this mean? 哎呀，亲爱的，这究竟是意味着什么?2.表示“经过努力后终于能……”用be able toThe fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃了出来。

高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识（一）什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。

（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。

上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。

总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。

（二）虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。

（但我没有）与将来事实相反：If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作，我会是另一种做法。

（言外之意不是我做这个工作，用虚拟表达是我做这份工作的可能性很低）与过去事实相反：If anything had happened, he would have let us know.如果发生了什么情况，他早就通知我们了。

（所以没事发生）它们的共性都是表示与事实相反或者实现可能性不大3.特殊情况①在极少情况下，从句的谓语动词用原形，主句的谓语动词可用陈述语气（比较官方，正式，大气的说法，口语很少使用）If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted.如果这是官方的看法，这是不能接受的。

②if可以省略，但是语序要改为倒装Were I Tom I would refuse.如果我是汤姆我会拒绝。

高考英语复习知识点：情态动词和虚拟语气及英语作文结尾万能公式高考英语复习知识点：情态动词和虚拟语气虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点，但是难点。

考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上，因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式。

虚拟语气考点透析考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。

例如：①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.A.couldntB.shouldntC.cantD.might not解析句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。

that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。

正确答案为C。

2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。

例如：If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.A.rainedB.rainsC.has rainedD.is raining解析句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。

句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。

下了一天的雨是事实，所以用陈述语气。

因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为A。

3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。

虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。

高考考查虚拟语气主要和情态动词相结合。

1（1be动词的过去式用were”。

如：►. If I were a boy, I would join the army.►（2则用过去分词”►（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。

如：►. If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)►. Were I a boy, I would join the army.►. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.►. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（①。

表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。

表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。

如：►. I wish it were spring all the year round.►. I wish I had known the answer.►suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist, request,should + 动词原形或是动词原形。

如：►. She suggested we (should) leave here at once.►（2作表示建议、等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。

如：►. His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.►（3“should + 动词原形”►. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that we should clean the room every day.►. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.►. It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。

高中英语虚拟语气的用法归纳以下是高中英语虚拟语气的用法归纳：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示假设、愿望、建议、命令、猜测等非真实的情况。

一、基本用法1. 与现在事实相反条件从句：If + 主语 + 动词过去式（be 动词用 were）主句：主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形例句：If I were you, I would study harder. （如果我是你，我会更努力学习。

）Wouldn't life be boring if we had everything we wanted? （如果我们想要什么就有什么，生活岂不是很无聊？）2. 与过去事实相反条件从句：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词主句：主语 + would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词例句：If I had known your phone number, I would have called you. （如果我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。

）Couldn't you have done better if you had tried harder? （如果你再努力些，难道不能做得更好吗？）3. 与将来事实相反条件从句：① If + 主语 + 动词过去式② If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形③ If + 主语 + should + 动词原形主句：主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形例句：If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home. （如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。

）If she were to come here tomorrow, I would be very happy. （如果她明天来这儿，我会非常高兴。

）If he should fail in the exam, how disappointed his parents would be!（要是他考试不及格，他父母该多失望啊！）二、固定搭配1. wish 后的宾语从句与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反：从句用 would/could + 动词原形例句：I wish I were as tall as you. （我希望我和你一样高。

虚拟语气英语知识点总结一、虚拟语气的概念。

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测或建议等。

二、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。

- 结构：从句（If + 主语+ 动词的过去式（be动词一般用were）），主句（主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形）。

- 例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。

实际上我不是你）2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。

- 结构：从句（If+主语+had+过去分词），主句（主语+would/should/could/might + have+过去分词）。

- 例如：If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.（如果他听了我的建议，他就会通过考试了。

实际上他没听建议，也没通过考试）3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。

- 结构：从句（If+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形），主句（主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形）。

- 例如：If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就会待在家里。

明天是否下雨还不确定，但这是一种假设情况）- 或者If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him the news.（如果他明天来，我就会告诉他这个消息）- 以及If I were to see her tomorrow, I would give her the book.（如果我明天见到她，我就会把书给她）三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。

1. wish后的宾语从句。

- 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）。

高考英语语法---虚拟语气划重点在动词wish后面的宾语从句中，表示不可能实现的愿望，其动词形式有三种（1）表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。

I wish I had time to read.（2）表示与过去事实相反的愿望，或表示已经发生的一件遗憾事，谓语动词用“had +动词过去分词”。

I wish I had studied very hard.（3）表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿望，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。

I wish he would be more careful.I wish he would do the job better.She wishes I would go with her.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法(if 条件句下的虚拟语气)终点1.Without (没有),but for(要不是), otherwise(否则), 这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略条件句.I was busy last week ,otherwise I would have come to see you .= I was busy last week ,if I had not been busy last week, I would have come to see you1. Without electricity, human life____ quite different today. 对现在进行虚拟A. isB. Will beC. would have been2.But for the Party, he ____of hunger 30 years ago. 对过去进行虚拟B.would dieC. must dieD. must have died3. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ____your bitrhday party. 对过去进行虚拟A. AttendedB. have attendedC. Would attend练习We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _____ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited【答案】D重点2. 省略连词if 的虚拟条件句中(易错点☆☆☆)如果把连接条件从句的连词if省略，必须将从句的谓语部分的助动词had, 情态动词should或系动词were等移至主语之前，构成倒装语序。

2022高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气、特殊句式考点梳理（素材）高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气、特殊句式考点梳理考点1 情态动词和虚拟语气一、情态动词1.情态动词的类型(1)只作情态动词的有：must,can (could),may (might),ought to(2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need,dare(3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：shall (should),will (would)(4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have (had) to,used to 2.情态动词的特征(1)有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,要和动词原形连用构成谓语。

(2)适用于主语的各种人称和数 (have to例外,主语是第三人称单数时,要用has to)。

We/He must work hard.我们/他一定要努力工作。

I have to walk home.我得步行回家。

He has to walk home.他得步行回家。

(3)后面接动词原形。

He may lose his way.他可能会迷路。

You ought to obey the law.你应该遵守法律。

(4)具有助动词的作用,即可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简略答语。

—I can't swim. Can you swim？—No, I can't, either.——我不会游泳,你会游泳吗？——我也不会。

3.情态动词的基本用法(1)can,could用法例句can表示现在一般的能力,could表示过去一般的能力,即不表示做与未做某事 Mary can speak three languages. 玛丽能说三门语言。

Tom could sing English songs at the age of 6.汤姆6岁就能唱英文歌了。

表示请求、允许。

在一般疑问句中,could可代替can,但比can语气更委婉,答语要用can —Can/Could you help me？—Yes, I can. ——你能帮我吗？——可以。

高中英语语法专攻-《虚拟语气》【考点1-用于条件句】条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。

非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

例如：If he doesn't hurry up，he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。

( 真实)If he is free，he will ask me to tell stories.如果他有空，他会要求我讲故事。

（真实）If I were you，I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。

（我不可能是你。

非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反）If there were no air，people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。

（不可能没有空气。

非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反）If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。

(陈述语气)If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。

(虚拟语气)1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)If I had any money with me，I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

高考英语语法考点归纳总结：高考英语语法：虚拟语气一.概念: 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况, 而不表示客观存在的现实二.虚拟语气的表现形式: 通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现. 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时态相同, 但它们只表示语气, 而不表示时态, 但含有一定的时间概念虚拟语气的用法一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形1.表示祝愿a. Long live our country.b. May you succeed.c. May you be happy all your life.2.表示命令a. Everybody leave the room.二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should 多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句a. What would you do with a million dollars?b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.c. We could have done better with more money.d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.b. She looked as if she were ill.2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式a. The machines operated as if it had been repa ired.五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同a. Even if I were rich, I would work.六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.c. I wish I could help you.d. I wish I were young.②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变a. I wish the prices would come down.b. I wish you would help me.c. I wish he would be more careful.d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式a. I suggested that we should go there at once.b. I demand that he should answer me at once.c. The doctor insisted that the patie nt should stay in bed for two weeks.d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.与名词suggestion建议 / advice 建议 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等)中的谓语也用 ( should ) +动词原形a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式a. It is time we got up.九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中谓语形式与wish 的宾语从句相同a. If only he did n’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)b. If only he had take n the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式a. I would rather he came next Saturday.b. I w ould prefer you had seen the film yesterday.c. I would rather that he painted the house blue。

虚拟语气一、虚拟语气概述1、语气的定义：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句中。

(2)祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

(3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

二、虚拟语气考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：if条件虚拟语气考点1：与现在事实相反。

从句主句动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形典型例题 1Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldn’t beB. had been ill; wouldn’t have beenC. had been ill; should have beenD. hadn’t been ill; could be答案：A典型例题 2If you had enough money, what ________ ?A. will you buyB. would you buyC. would you have boughtD. will you have bought答案：B典型题 3If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.A. may getB. should have calledC. might getD. maybe get答案：C考点2：与过去事实相反。

从句主句had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have +过去分词典型例题 1---If he_____ , he ______ that food.---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken答案：B典型例题 2I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come答案：D典型例题 3If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told 答案：D考点3：与将来事实相反。

高考英语：虚拟语气考点必背虚拟语气是高中英语学习的难点，但是其变化有明显的规律，掌握之后，非常便于记忆。

一.概念语气有三种: 陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

语气表示说话人对劝词所示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法。

二.相关知识点精讲1、辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.2、虚拟条件句: 1)主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表移除2)混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。

1)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.2)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.3)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.3）隐含条件虚拟语气without；but for；except for；“if it were not for +宾语”或“were it not for + 宾语”；But that + 从句；主句谓语用虚拟语气，时态变化同上表。

4)倒装省略句如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，could有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could之后。

高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结虚拟语气通常用于表达与现实相反的假设情况。

在非真实条件句中，虚拟语气的形式有两种：与现在事实相反的假设和与过去或将来事实相反的假设。

与现在事实相反的假设通常使用if+主语+助动词的过去式（如were。

did。

had）+动词原形，主句则使用XXX动词原形。

例如：If I had time。

I would XXX。

如果我有时间，我会参加会议。

与过去或将来事实相反的假设则有三种形式：①if+主语+动词过去式；②if+主语+wereto+动词原形；③if+主语+should+动词原形（注意不能是would）。

主句同样使用XXX动词原形。

例如：If you had taken my advice。

you would not have failed in the exam。

如果你听了我的建议，你就不会在考试中失败了。

在错综时间条件句中，动词形式要根据表示时间的状语从句作出相应的调整。

另外，在条件句中可以省略if，把were、had、should提到句首，变成倒装句式。

例如：Were I at school again。

I would study harder。

如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力研究。

Had you arrived earlier。

you would have caught the bus.If it rains tomorrow。

XXX climbing.What would you do with a n dollars?We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.Otherwise。

I would have taken part in the sports meeting.XXX me of your birthday。

or else I would have known nothing about it.A man who s drinking water would be dead in about seven days.I might have been XXX assistance。

虚拟语气一、定义：虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。

1．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1）表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）Eg. If he had time, he would (could, might) go with youEg.If I were you, I would work hard.2）表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生Eg.If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.Eg.If they had helped us, we would have finished the task. (实际上没帮)3）表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生Eg.If it should rain, the crops would be saved.Eg.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.4）※注意：虚拟语气的倒装语序：如果if从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.Eg.If I had time, I would have done that yesterday.=Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.Eg.If I were you, I would go to the party.=Were I you, I would go to the party.Eg.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home=Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。