05-14英语专业八级考试全真试题附答案 (1)

大学英语专业八级考试测试试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Suggestions of Reading ActivitiesⅠ. Three 1 phases of reading—before reading—in the course of reading—after readingⅡ. Pre-reading activities—finding 2 to make comprehension easier—we-reading discussion activities to ease cognition—being aware of the 3 for reading—consideration of different types of reading skills:skimming, scanning, extensive reading, 4—understanding the 5 of the materialⅢ. Suggestions for during-reading activitiesA. Tips of 6 :—summarizing, reacting, questioning, 7 , evaluating, involving own experiencesB. My suggestions:—making predictions—making selections—combining 8 to facilitate comprehension—focusing on significant pieces of information—making use of 9 or guessing—breaking words into their 10—reading in 11—learning to pause—12Ⅳ. Post-reading suggestionsA. Depending on the goal of reading—penetrating 13—meshing new informationB. 14—discussing—summarizing—giving questions—filling in 15—writing reading notes—role-playingSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. Methods to help people get rich. B. Eight steps to make hill use of money.C. Measures to improve the quality of life.D. Basic knowledge of the payoff.17、A. Do a financial checkup. B. Read self-help books.C. Do online banking.D. Organize their daily schedule.18、A. To have online access. B. To have a shoe box.C. To know exactly what access can be used.D. To know the condition of income.19、A. Tracking on the online banking. B. Tracking with debit cards or credit cards.C. Tracking through checking account.D. Tracking with a joint account.20、A. For small purchases. B. For major purchases.C. For household expenses.D. For mortgage payment.21、A. Because the gene has been passed down before they died.B. Because their families and relatives had similar gene.C. Because the gene had to protect people in the past and today.D. Because the gene has been passed down by skipped generation.22、A. Ten minutes before we go indoor.B. Ten minutes after exposing to the sun.C. The first ten minutes when go out in the sun.D. As soon as we go out in the sun.23、A. Because they take advantage of numerous fertilizers.B. Because they are all sprayed with pesticides.C. Because they contain great chemicals and make poisons.D. Because they have been processed before sale.24、A. Because some of them are not used to some kinds of alcohol.B. Because most of them drink fewer times than people of other continents.C. Because half of them lack a gene to break down alcohol efficiently.D. Because some of them suffer from diseases that limit drinking.25、A. It gives conventional account for medicine.B. It introduces the dietary regime for the sick.C. It sees various medical issues in new light.D. It offers tips on survival in the wilderness.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE26Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate theft bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA., which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.27The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artficial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual's genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent.28The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG. and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG.. The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.29However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.30The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchersestimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.31Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG., compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.32In the meantime, Dr. Schulze's study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case.PASSAGE TWO26Asked what job they would take if they could have any, people unleash their imaginations and dream of exotic places, powerful positions or work that involves alcohol and a paycheck at the same time. Or so you'd think.27None of those appeals to Lori Miller who, as a lead word processor, has to do things that don't seem so dreamy, which include proofreading, spell checking and formatting. But she loves it. "I like and respect nearly all my co-workers, and most of them feel the same way about me," she says. "Just a few things would make it a little better," she says, including a shorter commute and the return of some great people who used to work there. And one more thing: She'd appreciate if everyone would put their dishes in the dishwasher.28It's not a lot to ask for and, it turns out, a surprising number of people dreaming up their dream job don't ask for much. One could attribute it to lack of imagination, setting the bar low or "anchoring," the term referring to the place people start and never move far from. One could chalk it up to rationalizing your plight.29But maybe people simply like what they do and aren't, as some management would have you believe, asking for too much—just the elimination of a small but disproportionately powerful amount of office inanity. That may be one reason why two-thirds of Americans would take the same job again "without hesitation" and why 90% of Americans are at least somewhat satisfied with their jobs, according to a Gallup Poll.30The matters that routinely rank high on a satisfaction scale don't relate to money but "work as a means for demonstrating some sort of responsibility and achievement," says Barry Staw, professor of leadership and communication at University of California, Berkeley's Haas School of Business. "Pay—even when it's important, it's not for what you can buy, it's a validation of your work and approval."31So, money doesn't interest Elizabeth Gray as much as a level playing field. "I like what I do," says the city project manager who once witnessed former colleagues award a contractor, paid for work he never completed, with the title of "Contractor of the Year".32Thus: "My dream job would be one free of politics," she says. "All advancement would be based on merit. The people who really did the work would be the ones who received the credit."40Frank Gastner has a similar ideal: "VP in charge of destroying inane policies." Over the years, he's had to hassle with the simplest of design flaws that would cost virtually nothing to fix were it not for the bureaucracies that entrenched them. So, the retired manufacturer's representative says he would address product and process problems with the attitude, "It's not right; let's fix it now without a committee meeting."41Monique Huston actually has her dream job—and many tell her it's theirs, too. She's general manager of a pub in Omaha, the Dundee Dell, which boasts 650 single-malt scotches on its menu. She visits bars, country clubs, people's homes and Scotland for whiskey tasting. "I stumbled on my passion in life," she says.42Still, some nights she doesn't feel like drinking—or smiling. "Your face hurts," she complains. And when you have your dream job you wonder what in the world you'll do next.43One of the big appeals of a dream job is dreaming about it. Last year, George Reinhart saw an ad for a managing director of the privately owned island of Mustique in the West Indies.44He was lured by the salary ($1 million) and a climate that beat the one enjoyed by his Boston suburb. A documentary he saw about Mustique chronicled the posh playground for the likes of Mick Jagger and Princess Margaret. He reread Herman Wouk's "Don't Stop the Carnival," about a publicity agent who leaves his New York job and buys an island hotel. In April of last year, he applied for the job.45He heard nothing. So last May, he wrote another letter: "I wanted to thank you for providing the impetus for so much thought and fun." He didn't get the job but, he says, he takes comfort that the job hasn't been filled. "So, I can still dream," he adds.46I told him the job had been filled by someone—but only after he said, "I need to know, because then I can begin to dream of his failure."PASSAGE THREE26Israel is a "powerhouse of agricultural technology", says Abraham Goren of Elbit Imaging (EI), an Israeli multinational. The country's cows can produce as much as 37 liters of milk a day. In India, by contrast, cows yield just seven liters. Spotting an opportunity, EI is going into the Indian dairy business. It will import 10,000 cows and supply fortified and flavored milk to supermarkets and other buyers.27So will EI lap up India's milk market? Not necessarily. As the Times of India points out, its cows will ruminate less than 100 miles from the headquarters of a formidable local producer—the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation, otherwise known as Amul. This Farmers' Co-operative spans 2.6m members, collects 6.5m liters of milk a day, and boasts one of the longest-running and best-loved advertising campaigns in India. It has already shown "immense resilience" in the face of multinational competition, says Arindam Bhattacharya of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG.. Its ice-cream business survived the arrival of Unilever; its chocolate milk has thrived despite Nestleacute.28Indeed, Amul is one of 50 firms—from China, India, Brazil, Russia and six other emerging economies—that BCG has anointed as "local dynamos". They areprospering in their home market, are fending off multinational rivals, and are not focused on expanding abroad. BCG discovered many of these firms while drawing up its "global challengers" list of multinationals from the developing world. The companies that were venturing abroad most eagerly, it discovered, were not necessarily the most successful at home.29Emerging economies are still prey to what Harvard's Dani Rodrik has called "export fetishism". International success remains a firm's proudest boast, and with good reason: economists have shown that exporters are typically bigger, more efficient and pay better than their more parochial rivals. "Exporters are better" was the crisp verdict of a recent review of the data.30Countries like India and Brazil were, after all, once secluded backwaters fenced off by high tariffs. Prominent firms idled along on government favors and captive markets. In that era, exporting was a truer test of a company's worth. But as such countries have opened up, their home markets have become more trying places. Withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil may be as impressive a feat as beating them in global markets.31BCG describes some of the ways that feat has been accomplished. Of its 50 dynamos, 41 are in consumer businesses, where they can exploit a more intimate understanding of their compatriots' tastes. It gives the example of Gol, a Brazilian budget airline, which bet that its cash-strapped customers would sacrifice convenience and speed for price. Many Gol planes therefore depart at odd hours and make several hops to out-of-the-way locations, rather than flying directly.32Similarly astute was India's Titan Industries, which has increased its share of India's wristwatch market despite the entry of foreign brands such as Timex and Swatch. It understood that Indians, who expect a good price even for old newspapers, do not throw their watches away lightly, and has over 700 after-sales centers that will replace straps and batteries.40Exporters tend to be more capital-intensive than their home-bound peers; they also rely more on skilled labor. Many local dynamos, conversely, take full advantage of the cheap workforce at their disposal. Focus Media, China's biggest "out of home" advertising company, gets messages out on flat-panel displays in 85,000 locations around the country. Those displays could be linked and reprogrammed electronically, but that might fall foul of broadcast regulations. So instead the firm's fleet of workers on bicycles replaces the displays' discs and flash-cards by hand.41The list of multinationals resisted or repelled by these dynamos includes some of the world's biggest names: eBay and Google in China; Wal-Mart in Mexico; SAP in Brazil. But Mr. Goren of EI is not too worried about Amul. The market is big enough for everybody, he insists. Nothing, then, is for either company to cry about.PASSAGE FOUR26It is hard for modern people to imagine the life one hundred years ago. No television, no plastic, no ATMs, no DVDs. Illnesses like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pneumonia meant only death. Of course, cloning appeared only in science fiction. Not to mention, computer and Internet.27Today, our workplace are equipped with assembly lines, fax machines, computers. Our daily life is cushioned by air conditioners, cell phones. Antibiotics helped created a long list of miracle drugs. The by-pass operation saved millions. The discovery of DNA has revolutionized the way scientists think about new therapies. Man finally stepped on the magical and mysterious Moon. With the rapid changes we have been experiencing, the anticipation for the future is higher than ever.28A revolutionary manufacturing process made it possible for anyone to own a car. Henry Ford is the man who put the world on wheels.29When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot over-look Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Henry Ford who most influenced all manufacturing everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars—one, strange to say, that originated in slaughter houses.30Back in the early 1900s, slaughter houses used what could have been called a "disassembly line." That is, the carcass of a slain steer or a pig was moved past various meat-cutters, each of whom cut off only a certain portion. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell, of The University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development tells what happened: "The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one magneto every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person."31Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile had arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.32Edsel Ford, Henry's great-grandson, and a Ford vice president: "I think that my great-grandfather would just be amazed at how far technology has come."40Many of today's innovations come from Japan. Norman Bodek, who publishes books about manufacturing processes, finds this ironic. On a recent trip to Japan he talked to two of the top officials of Toyota. "When I asked them where these secrets came from, where their ideas came from to manufacture in a totally different way, they laughed, and they said. 'Well. We just read it in Henry Ford's book from 1926: Today and Tomorrow.'"26、The second paragraph implies that testing for anabolic steroids______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. is always accurate and reliableB. is proved to be inaccurateC. may sometimes show inaccuracyD. has helped end doping in sport27、According to official Olympic policy, which of the following ratio between TG and EG is considered suspicious? ______(PASSAGE ONE.A. 1:1.B. 2.5:1.C. 3.3:1.D. 4.5:1.28、Which of the following is NOT true about UGT2B17, according to the passage? ______(PASSAGE ONE.A. None, one or two working copies of UGT2B17 can be found in different people.B. Test results would depend on numbers of working copies of UGT2B17.C. Most Caucasians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.D. Most Asians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.29、Why does the author suggest the athletes bring a copy of their genetic profile to the Olympic Games?______(PASSAGE ONE.A. Because it is required by the Beijing Olympic Games Committee.B. Because it may defend them against unfavorable testosterone test results.C. Because it is one of the ways to show "spirit of Olympianism".D. Because it will help them to perform better in the Olympic Games.30、According to the passage, ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. many people don't ask for much about their dream jobB. most Americans are not satisfied with their jobsC. Lori Miller is totally satisfied with her current jobD. Loti Miller is not satisfied with her current job at all31、What is the role of the 4th paragraph in the development of the passage? ______(PASSAGE TWO)A. To show that people don't ask for much about their dream job.B. To show that most people in America are satisfied with their jobs.C. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraph.D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.32、All the following are mentioned as features of a dream job EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. demonstrating duty and achievementB. being free of politicsC. making people dream about itD. involving alcohol drinking33、According to the passage, after EI enters the Indian dairy business, ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. India's milk market will not necessarily be greatly influencedB. India's milk market will be completely lapped upC. Amul will lose in the competition with EID. Unilever and Nestleacute will leave the Indian market34、All of the following are ways to accomplish the feat of withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. relying more on skilled laborB. specializing in consumer businessesC. taking advantage of the cheap workforceD. better understanding homeconsumers' tastes35、Which of the following would the author most probably agree? ______(PASSAGE THREE.A. Not all of the developing world's most successful companies are globalizing.B. Companies venturing abroad most eagerly are the most successful at home.C. Local dynamos are the most successful firms all over the world.D. Globalizing is not good for companies in emerging economies.36、To call Henry Ford "the man who put the world on wheels", the author means ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. he made quality wheels famous to the whole worldB. he produced cars for free for people all over the worldC. his innovation made it possible for anyone to own a carD. his innovation provided everyone in the world with a car37、The assembly line reduced the time to make a magneto by ______ within a year.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. 20%B. 38%C. 65%D. 75%38、Before assembly line was introduced, the price of a Ford's car was ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. $260B. $130C. $520D. $104039、The last paragraph implies that ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Today and Tomorrow provides technological solutions for manufacturersB. Many of the Japanese innovations are inspired by Today and TomorrowC. Today and Tomorrow is more popular among the Japanese than the AmericansD. Today and Tomorrow is a Japanese manufacturing encyclopedia40、SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.According to the passage, what is the status quo of cheating in sport?(PASSAGE ONE.41、According to the second paragraph, why are the tests for anabolic steroids inconvincible?(PASSAGE ONE.42、What does the phrase "a level playing field" in Paragraph 6 mean?(PASSAGE TWO)43、What's the main idea of the passage?(PASSAGE TWO)44、According to the passage, what's the market orientation of those "local dynamos"?(PASSAGE THREE.45、According to Dani Rodrik, what's the most important achievement for "export fetishism"?(PASSAGE THREE.46、Why do many Gol planes take off at odd hours and fly indirectly?(PASSAGE THREE.47、Where did the idea of assembly line come from?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.Language performance and language acquisition are the twoprinciple concerns of the psychology of language, or psycholinguistics. 48The intensified study of psycholinguistics has produced a considerableamount of literature and some significant advance in our understanding 49of language acquisition. Surprisingly little fundamental researchhas been conducted into the processes of learning a second language.The consequence has been most theories in this field 50are still extrapolating from general theories of human learning 51and behavior or from the recent work in language performance andacquisition. This is not to say that there has been no valuableresearch on language teaching. But this has been concerned about 52the evaluation of different teaching methods and materials, forexample, the use of language laboratories, the use of language drills,the teaching of grammar by different methods.Now, such research is difficult to evaluate, so experiments in 53language teaching suffer from the same set of problems that allcomparative educational experiments suffer from. It is virtuallyimpossible to control all the factors involved in even if we know 54how to identify them in the first place, particularly such factors asmotivation, previous knowledge, aptitude, learning outside the classroom,teacher performance. Consequently the conclusions to be drawnfrom such experiments can, with confidence, be generalized toother 55teaching situations. The results are, strictly spoken, only valid for the 56 learners, teachers and schools in what the experiment took place. 57PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。

英语专业八级考试全真试卷Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully a nd then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. Changes in the size of the World Bank’ s operations r efer to ___.A. the expansion of its loan programmeB. the inclusion of its hard loansC. the inclusion of its soft loansD. the previous lending policies2. What actually made the Bank change its overall lending strategy?A. Reluctance of people in poor countries to have small families.B. Lack of basic health services and inequality in income distribution.C. The discovery that a low fertility rate would lead to economic development.D. Poor nutrition and low literacy in many poor countries of the world.3. The change in emphasis of the Bank’s lending policies meant that the Bank would ___.A. be more involved in big infrastructure projectsB. adopt similar investment strategies in poor and rich countriesC. embark upon a review of the investment in huge dams and steel millsD.invest in projects that would benefit the low-income sector of society4. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the bank?A. Colossal travel expenses of its staff.B. Fixed annual loans to certain countries.C. Limited impact of the Bank’s projects.D. Role as a financial deal maker.5. Throughout the talk, the speaker is ___ while introducing the Wor ld Bank.A. biasedB. unfriendlyC. objectiveD. sensationalSECTION B CONVERSATIONQuestions 6 to 10 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation yo u will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the conversatio n.6. The man sounds surprised at the fact that ___.A. many Australians are taking time off to travelB. the woman worked for some time in New ZealandC. the woman raised enough money for travelD. Australians prefer to work in New Zealand7. We learn that the woman liked Singapore mainly because of its ___.A. cleannessB. multi-ethnicityC. modern characteristicsD. shopping opportunities8. From the conversation we can infer that Kaifeng and Yinchuan impressed the woman with their ___.A. respective locationsB. historic interestsC. ancient tombsD. Jewish descendants9. Which of the following words can best describe the woman’s feelings a bout Tibet?A. Amusement.B. Disbelief.C. Ecstasy.D. Delig ht10. According to the conversation, it was that made the woman ready to stop traveling.A. the unsettledness of travelB. the difficulties of trekkingC. the loneliness of travelD. the unfamiliar environmentSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 and 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.11. Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he ___.A. violated the traffic lawB. illegally attacked a boxerC. attacked sb. after a traffic accidentD. failed to finish his contract12. The license granted to Tyson to fight will be terminated ___.A. by the end of the yearB. in over a yearC. in AugustD. in a few weeksQuestion 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.13. The Russian documents are expected to draw great attention because ___.A. they cover the whole story of the former US presidentB. the assassin used to live in the former Soviet UnionC. they are the only official documents released about KennedyD. they solved the mystery surrounding Kennedy’s assassinationQuestion 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. New listen to the news.14. In the recent three months, Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has ___.A. increased slowlyB. decreased graduallyC. stayed steadyD. become unpredictable15. According to the news, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Business conditions have worsened in the past three months.B. The past three months have seen a declining trend in job offers.C. The rise of unemployment rate in some sectors equals the fall in others.D. The unemployment rate in all sectors of the economy remains unchanged.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.The Press ConferenceThe press conference has certain advantages. The first advantage lies with the(1)___ nature of the event itself; public officials are supposed to 1.___submit to scrutiny by responding to various questions at a press conference.Secondly, statements previously made at a press conference can be used as a(2)___ in judging following statements or policies. Moreover, in case 2.___of important events, press conferences are an effective way to break the newsto groups of reporters.However, from the point of view of (3)___, the press conference 3.___possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its(4)___ and news source. 4.___The provider virtually determines the manner in which a press conferenceproceeds. This, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n)(5)___ , as can 5.___be seen on live broadcasts of news conferences.Factors in getting valuable information preparation: a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter;—(6)___ of the news source: 6.___1 ) news source’ s (7)___ to7.___provide information;2)news-gathering methods.Conditions under which news reporters cannot trust the informationprovided by a news source— not knowing the required information;— knowing and willing to share the information, but without(8)___ skills; 8.___— knowing the information, but unwilling to share;— willing to share, but unable to recall.(9)___ of questions asked 9.___Ways of improving the questions:no words with double meanings;no long questions;— specific time, place, etc.;— (10) questions; 10.___— clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.改错Part ⅡProofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitDuring the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1.___they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.___favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.___not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.___were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5.___On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.___but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.___least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.___appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.___buy, sell, and set prices.阅读理解APart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make i tself into an entertain ment centre. ” say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now t he thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a fami ly destination again.” To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mil d ly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nati ons to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness wi thin ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of conte nding that many of its most popular beaches we re not swimming beaches at all. Be cause of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and most people don ’ t go in above their knees anyway-and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the y ear, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain ha d hardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in w hich Luxembourg had mere listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the Uni ted Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the se a. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European U nion, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the who le of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1 996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front me re visually attractive. The promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, ha d become increasingly tatty and neglected. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul anyway, ”says Wood, “so we decided to make aestheti c improvements at the same time, to try to draw people back to it.” Blackpool rec e ntly spent about $1.4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seat ing around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further $ 15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years a go is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious enough to accommodate comforta bly the entire populace of northern England. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it,“ you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that c rowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Bl ackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a san dcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.” W elsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summe r. I counted just 13 people scattered along a half mile or so of open sand. Exce pt for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is li ke this nearly always now.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we w er e young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children d on ’t want the beach. They wantarcade games and rides in helicopters and goodness kn ows what else.” She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see thos e days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I p ointed out.“For the moment, ”Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to th e town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an invita t ion to a heart attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was se tting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water h iss where it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the str eets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of d usk the town looked peaceful and happy — enchanting even — and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I r ealized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool ___.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standa rds of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxumbourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizin g. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Mal aysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each ca se investors——mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans——all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a co mbined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked in vestors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to conve rt baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and compa nies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support th eir currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bu st from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’ s plit the difference—— and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches, the catchphrase“ crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something r eal: excessively cozyrelationships between government and business really did l ead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asia n business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence . But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investme nts that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainl y on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia s eemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things ha ve started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recov e ry——and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all —— a s proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF cli ents have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia —— which refused IM F help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls ——also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, c laims full cr e dit for any good news——even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bo ttomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably concl ude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of t he IMF’s adv i ce made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, ban king reform ——whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative po wers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who p urported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were l ike medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the pat ients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you me an by “full”. South Korea’s industrial production is already above its pre-cr isi s level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korea n industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsa yer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full reco very of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the per manent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migrat ion means all the ways——from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakis tan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solutio n , everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable eco n omic and political turmoil, has been called“ one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventu re of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet , shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes, ”said Spencer Wells. The bo ok he’s trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written , and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three collea gues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the p eople he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans t o find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basi c story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early huma ns hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have c ontinued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most resea rchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the E arth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, hum an beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions wi thout having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second , as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed betw een groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the pla net; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved t oward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that th en became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. F or a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in th e great world events. ”Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a prof essor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration . Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and ma de new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousand s or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushedtheir bedraggled survivor s anywhere they could replant hope. “It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the foll owing reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the pas sage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colon izers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events an d migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. rem oteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at leas t of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has o ccurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many ar tists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which th eir work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. T he thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create condition s in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribut ion, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course thi ngs are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and thes e individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways a nd in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to m ake his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language its elf, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institution s through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his act ual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication s ystem outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication syste m which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this ki nd of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they fi rst show their conceptions, playtheir music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that a ctive composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of pu tting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot e xplain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals ha d in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of fe e ling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that t ime to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society an d the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creativ e work is that ___.A. they cave about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORR ECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the publ ic.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of internal communication syste m.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of socie ty.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individu als feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC. have little in common with the society of the timeD. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the society阅读理解BSECTION BTEXT EFirst read the question.31. The purpose of the passage is to ___.。

专八英语真题答案及解析专业八级英语考试，简称专八，是中国大学英语教学指导委员会主办的一项考试，旨在测试考生的英语综合应用能力。

本文将对专八英语真题的答案和解析进行详细介绍，帮助考生更好地理解考试内容和要求。

第一部分：听力 (共25小题，每小题1分，满分25分)听力部分是专八考试的第一部分，主要测试考生的听力理解能力。

下面是2019年专八英语听力真题的答案与解析。

1. A) Meeting with Mark.解析：题干中提到"Mark"，可以确定正确答案为A。

2. C) This week.解析：题干中询问的是"Tom"何时开始写作业，对应的答案为C。

3. B) Borrow her car.解析：题干中询问的是"Mary"想要借什么，对应的答案为B。

4. A) They think it is unnecessary.解析：题干中询问的是两个同学如何看待阅读书籍的重要性，对应的答案为A。

5. C) It is a big challenge for them.解析：题干中询问的是对话中年轻人们面对的困难，对应的答案为C。

6. B) He will call Dave.解析：题干中询问的是John打算做什么，对应的答案为B。

7. A) Listen to the weather forecast.解析：题干中询问的是她打算做什么，对应的答案为A。

8. C) A trip to the countryside.解析：题干中询问的是他们最终计划去哪里，对应的答案为C。

9. B) She was too late for the registration.解析：题干中提到Lucy說"I missed the deadline"，可以确定正确答案为B。

10. C) By giving examples.解析：题干中询问的是作者写这篇文章时主要使用了什么方法，对应的答案为C。

2014年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案1. The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organizationB sentence structuresC word formationD language functions2. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A arbitrarinessB productivityC cultural transmissionD finiteness3. The speech act theory was first put forward by__.A John ScarlB Johan AustinC Noarn ChomskyD M.A.K Halliday4. The capital city of Canada is __.A MontrealB OttawaC VancouverD York5. U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.A eight-yearB four-yearC six-yearD two year6. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.A HustonB BaltimoreC PhiladelphiaD Boston7. The state church in England is __.A The BaptistB The Roman CatholicC The Protestant ChurchD The Church of England8. The novel Emma is written by__.A Jane AustenB ElizabethC Gaskell Charlotte BronteD Mary Shelley9. Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?A William WordsworthB Percy B. ShelleyC George G. ByronD George Eliot10. William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.A his poemB his playsC His novelsD his short storiesKEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD2013年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案PART III GEBERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31 The full official name of Australia is A. The Republic of Australia. B. The Union of Australia. C. The Federation of Australia. D. The Commonwealth of Australia.32. Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPT A. its mineral resources. B. its heavyindustries. C. its forest resources. D. its fertile and arable land.33. In the United States community college offer A. two-year programmes. B. four-year programmes. C. postgraduate studies. D. B.A. or B.S. degrees.34. In ______, referenda in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottish parliament and a Wales assembly.A. 2000B. 1946C. 1990D. 199735. Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration? A. A weak seat. B.Knock and kick. C. Safe and sound. D. Coal and boat.36. Who wrote Mrs. Warr en‟s profession? A. George Bernard Shaw. B. William Butler Yeats.C. John Galsworthy.D. T.S. Eliot.37. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n) A. autobiography. B. short story. C. poem. D. novel.38. Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme? A. Unlock. B. Government. C. Goes. D. Off-stage.39. ________is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to. A. Collocation B. Onomatopoeia C. Denotation D. Assimilation40. The sentence “Close your book and listen to me carefully!” performsa(n) _______function. A. interrogative B. informative C. performative D. directive keys:31-35 DBADC 36-40 ADCBD2012年英语专业八级真题(word版)人文知识部分31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety.Keys:31-35 DBACD 36-40 ACBDA2011专八人文知识真题参考答案31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______. A. Northern Ireland B. Wales C. EnglandD. Scotland32. It is generally agreed that _______ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores. A. the French B. the Germans C. the British D. the Dutch33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf? A. Canada. B. New Zealand. C. Great Br itain.D. The United States of America.34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution? A. Th omas Jefferson. B. Thomas Paine. C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20th-century England. A. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist36. ______ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's histor y.A. BalladB. RomanceC. EpicD. Elegy37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century? A. The Great Gatsby . B. The Sun Also Rises. C. The Sound and the Fury. D. Beyond the Horizon.38. _______ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind. A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________. A. absence of obstructi on B. presence of obstruction C. manner of articulation D. place of articulation40. The definition "the act of using or promoting the use of several languages, either by an individ ual speaker or by a community of speakers" refers to _________. A. Pidgin B. CreoleC. MultilingualismD. BilingualismKeys:31-35 BDABD 36-40 CACAC2010年英语专八人文知识真题答案31. Which of the following is INCORRECTA. The British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 12156B. The British Constitution includes Parliamentary actsC. The British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of lawD：The British Constitution includes one single written constitution32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. QuebecB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A. 1770 B. 1788C. 1900D. 190 134. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued byA. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas PaineC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson 35．Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems? A. Will BlakeB. W.B.YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth36. The Financier was written byA. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. William FaulknerD. Theodore Dreiser37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as—————— A. alle gory B. sonnet C. blank verse D. rhyme38.____ refers to the learning and development of a languageA. language acquisitionB. language comprehensionC. language productionD. language introd uction39. The word “motel” comes from “motor–hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology. A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym40．Language is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed” servesA. an express functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive fu nctionKeys:31-35 DADAC 36-40 DAACB2009年英语专业八级人文知识真题及答案31. The Head of State of New Zealand is ______.A. the governor-generalB. the Prime MinisterC. the high commissionerD. the monarch of United Kingdom32. The capital of Scotland is ______.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. ManchesterD. London33. Who write the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President ?A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Thomas PaineD. John Adams34. Which is the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia ?A. PerthB. AdelaideC. SydneyD. Melbourne35. Ode to the West Wind was written by ______.A. Willian BlakeB. Willian WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridegeD. Percy Bysshe Shelley36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse ?A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Walt WhitmanC. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by ______.A. Thomas HardyB. John GalworhtyC. D.H. Lawrence D. James Joyce38. The sstudy of mental processes of language comprehension and production is ______.A. corpus linguisticsB. socialinguisticsC. theoretical linguisticsD. psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ______.A. dialectB. idiolectC. pidginD. register40. When a speake expresses his intension of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing ______.A. an illocutionary actB. a perlocutionary actC. a locutionary actD. none of the aboveKey: 31-35 DBACD 36-40 BCDCA2008年英语专业八级人文知识真题及答案31. The largest city in Canada is_______.A. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. TorontoD. Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in________.A. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress.33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is__________.A. the President.B. the Governor-General.C. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by__________.A. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th -century Britain EXCEPT_____.A. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A. A simple sentence.B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called______.A. hyponymy.B. synonymy.C. polysemy.D. homonymy.Key：31-35 BCADB 36-40 CDACD2007年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案31. The majority of the current population in the UK are descendants of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT_____.A. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the JutesD. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by___.A. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general33. The Declaration of Independence was written by__.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were____.A. the Red IndiansB. the EskimosC. the AboriginesD. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ______ poet and playwright.A. AmericanB. CanadianC. IrishD. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by_____.A. Arthur MillerB. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT_____.A. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of_____.A. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaningKey: CDACD CABDA2006年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案31.The Presidents during the American Civil War was_____.A. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand is_____.A. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers?A.The AboriginesB. The MaoriC. The IndiansD. The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_____.A . the Shadow CabinetB. the ParliamentC. the OppositionD. the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A. T.S.EliotB.wrenceC. Theodore DreiserD. James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by___.A. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Eugene O'NeilD. Ernest Hemingway37._____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_____.A. referenceB. meaningC. antonymyD. context39.The words"kid,child,offspring" are examples of__.A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonymsD. collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by_____.A. HalliayB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. SaussureKey：31-35BCADA 36-40 DBDBD2005年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案1. The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organizationB sentence structuresC word formationD language functions2. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A arbitrarinessB productivityC cultural transmissionD finiteness3. The speech act theory was first put forward by__.A John ScarlB Johan AustinC Noarn ChomskyD M.A.K Halliday4. The capital city of Canada is __.A MontrealB OttawaC VancouverD York5. U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.A eight-yearB four-yearC six-yearD two year6. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.A HustonB BaltimoreC PhiladelphiaD Boston7. The state church in England is __.A The BaptistB The Roman CatholicC The Protestant ChurchD The Church of England8. The novel Emma is written by__.A Jane AustenB ElizabethC Gaskell Charlotte BronteD Mary Shelley9. Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?A William WordsworthB Percy B. ShelleyC George G. ByronD George Eliot10. William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.A his poemB his playsC His novelsD his short storiesKEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD。

2005英语专业八级考试全真试题附答案【阅读理解】TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile -Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch, it's Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana."He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven't sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool. "I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father."I'll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clockburned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling. Mikey. But it's plain we are unlucky today! Let's go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicated crowds of people?A.Thousands ofB. FlowedC. PouringD. Unyoked13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B. Weather conditions and street lamps.C. Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D. Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionateB. ResponsibleC. ShyD. Determined15. What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workers.B. How to survive in a harsh environment.C. Generation gap between the father and the son.D. Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author's attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferentB. SympatheticC. AppreciativeD. Difficult to tellTEXT BWhen former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip two weeks ago, he joined a group of more than 350,000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. At 89 and suffering from advanced Alzheimer's disease, Reagan is in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip fractures not only increases after age 50 but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures.These injuries are not to be taken lightly. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, only 25% of those who suffer hip fractures ever fully recover; as many as 20% will die within 12 months. Even when patients do recover, nearly half will need a cane or a walker to get around.When it comes to hip fractures, the most dangerous place for elderly Americans, it turns out, is their homes; nearly 60% of these dangerous spills will occur in ore around the patient's domicile. This isn't all bad news, however, because a few modifications could prevent a lot of accidents.The first thing to do is to get rid of those throw rugs that line hallways and entrances. They often fold over or bunch up, turning them into booby traps for anyone shuffling down the hall.Entering and leaving the house is a particularly high-risk activity, which is why some experts suggest removing any doorsills higher than 1/2 in. if the steps are bare wood, you can increase traction by applying non-slip treads.Because many seniors suffer from poor balance (whether from neurological deficits or from the inner-ear problems that increase naturally with aging), it also helps to install grab bars and handrails in bathrooms and along hallways.The bedroom is another major hazard area that can be made much safer with a few adjustments. Avoid stain sheets and comforters, and opt for non-slip material like wool or cotton. Easy access to devices is important, so place a lamp, telephone and flashlight near the bed within arm's reach. Make sure the pathway between the bedroom and bathroom is completely clear, and install a night-light along the route for those emergency late-night trips.It's a good idea to rearrange the furniture throughout the house, so that the paths between rooms are free of obstructions. Also, make sure telephone and appliance cords aren't strung across common walkways, where they can be tripped over.In addition to these physical precautions, there are the health precautions every aging body shouldtake. Physical and eye examinations, with special attention to cardiac and blood-pressure problems, should be performed annually to rule out serious medical conditions. Blood pressure that's too low or an irregular heartbeat can put you at risk for fainting and falling. Don't forget to take calcium and vitamin D, two critical factors in developing strong bones. Finally, enrolling in an exercise programme at your local gym can improve agility, strength, balance and coordination - all important skills that can keep you on your feet and off the floor.17. The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION ofA. removal of throw rugs.B. easy access to devicesC. installation of grab barsD. re-arrangement of furniture18. In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A. The third paragraphB. The first paragraphC. The last paragraphD. The last but one paragraph19. The main purpose of the passage is toA. offer advice on how to prevent hip fracturesB. emphasize the importance of health precautionsC. discuss the seriousness of hip fractures.D. identify the causes of hip fractures.TEXT CIn his classic novel, "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?" she asks. He's astonished she can't see them. "Where! Everywhere," he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, "Life for the American is always becoming, never being."... ...20. The third paragraph examines America's future-mindedness from the _________ perspective.A. futureB. realisticC. historicalD. present21. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?A. Economic stagnationB. Environmental destructionC. High divorce ratesD. Neglect of history22. The word "pooh-pooh" in the sixth paragraph meansA. appreciateB. praiseC. shunD. ridicule23. According to the passage, people at present can forecast ________ of a new round of future-mindedness.A. the natureB. the locationC. the varietyD. the features24. The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus onA. how it comes into beingB. how it functionsC. what it brings aboutD. what it is related to.TEXT D"In every known human society the male's needs for achievement can be recognized... In a great number of human societies men's sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat."This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defences which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women's pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men's status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behaviour: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaelology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people's sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.25. The phrase "men's sureness of their sex role" in the first paragraph suggests that theyA. are confident in their ability to charm women.B. take the initiative in courtship.C. have a clear idea of what is considered "manly".D. tend to be more immoral than women are.26. The third paragraph does NOT claim that menA. prevent women from taking up certain professions.B. secretly admire women's intellect and resolution.C. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.27. The third paragraphA. generally agrees with the first paragraphB. has no connection with the first paragraphC. repeats the argument of the second paragraphD. contradicts the last paragraph28. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order toA. show that men are stronger than womenB. carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC. support the first sentence of the same paragraphD. disown the ideas he is expressing29. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA. is based on the study of archaeologyB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer30. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the authorA. approves ofB. argues is naturalC. completely rejectsD. expects to go on changingPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. ______ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) _________term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. ________ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England注：The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written byA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Brontë.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen.36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories.D. his novels38. Syntax is the study ofA. language functions.B. sentence structures.C. textual organization.D. word formation.a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.c. The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.d. Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Productivity.C. Cultural transmission.D. Finiteness.40. The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John Searle.B. John Austin.C. Noam Chomsky.D. M.A.K. Halliday.【改错】The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments' heavily investing in common ___1stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the ___2outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of ___3business firms. The rise in tuitions mayreflect the fact economic uncertainty ___4increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this isprimarily a factor in ___5graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one' s job prospects, ___6the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable. The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students ___7include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. ___8Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students ascustomers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the ___9rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of theathletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the bestathletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlierfrom professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities,the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, byagreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best ___10customer.【中译英】PART V TRANSLATION （60 MIN）SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。

英语专业八级练习题及答案解析英语专业八级练习题及答案解析Most people would describe water like a colorless liquid. They __1__would know that in very cold conditions it becomes a solid called ice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam. __2__However, water, they would say, is a liquid. We have learned that water consists of molecules composed with two atoms of hydrogen __3__and one atom of oxygen, which we describe by the formula H2O.This is equally true of the solid called ice and the gas called steam.Chemically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, and the solid, all of which is made up of molecules with the formula H2O. __4__This is true of other chemical substances; most of them can exist as gases or as liquids or as solids. We may normally think of iron as a solid, but if we will heat it in a furnace, it will melt and become a __5__liquid, and at very high temperatures it will become a gas. Nothingvery permanent occurs when a gas changes into a liquid or a solid.Everyone knows that ice, which has been made by freezing water,can be melted again by warmed and that steam can be condensed __6__on a cold surface to become liquid water. In fact, it is only because water is so a familiar substance that different names are used for __7__the solid, liquid and gas. Most substances are only familiar with __8__us in one state, because the temperatures requiring to turn them __9__into gases are very high, or the temperatures necessary to turn them into solids are so low. Water is an exception in this respect, which is another reason why its three states have given three different names. __10__答案：1 改like为as.describe sth as sth 是把……描述成……的意思。

2023年英语专业八级考试全真试卷试卷一(95 min)Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the talk.1.According to the passage, during the 18th and 19th centuries cities we are small in size mainly because ___.A.the urban population was stableB.few people lived in citiesC.transport was backwardD.it was originally planned2.Cities survived in those days largely as a result of ___.A.the trade activities they undertookB.the agricultural activities in the nearby areasC.their relatively small sizeD.the non-economic roles they played3.City dwellers were engaged in all the following economic activities EX CEPT ___.merceB.distributionC.processingD.transportation4.Urban people left cities for the following reasons EXCEPT ___.A.more economic opportunitiesB.a freer social and political environmentC.more educational opportunitiesD.a more relaxed religious environment5.Why did the early cities fail to grow as quickly as expected through out the 18th century?A.Because the countryside attracted more people.B.Because cities did not increase in number.C.Because the functions of the cities changed.D.Because the number of city people was stable.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview .At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.6.According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is ___.A.English language proficiencyB.different cultural practicesC.different negotiation tasksD.the international Americanized style7.Janet’s attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiations is ___.A.supportiveB.negativeC.ambiguousD.cautious8.Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators?A.Americans prepare more points before negotiations.B.Americans are more straightforward during negotiations.C.Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.D.Brazilians seek more background information.9.Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward?A.The British.B.Germans.C.Americans.D.Not mentioned.10.Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators?A.Reserved.B.Prejudiced.C.Polite.D.Prudent.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news.At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.11.The news item is mainly about ___.A.a call for research papers to be read at the conferenceB.an international conference on traditional Tibetan medicineC.the number of participants at the conference and their nationalitiesD.the preparations made by the sponsors for the international conference Questions 12 and 13 are based on the following news.At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.12.The news item mainly concerns ___ in Hong Kong.A.Internet centresB.an IBM seminarC.e-governmentD.broadcasting13.The aims of the three policy objectives include all the following EXCEPT ___.A.improvement of government efficiencyB.promotion of e-commerceC.integration of service deliveryD.formulation of Digital 21 StrategyQuestions 14 and 15 are based on the following news .At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.14.Which of the following records was the second best time of the year by Donovan Bailey?A.9.98.B.9.80.C.9.91.D.9.95.15.The record shows that Bailey was ___.A.still suffering from an injuryB.getting back in shapeC.unable to compete with GreeneD.less confident than beforePart Three 答案部分英语专业八级考试历年全真试卷2023录音文字材料、参考答案及具体解答听力原文PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKThe first area in American urban history extended from the early 17th cent ury to about 1840.Throughout those years the total urban population remained sm all and so with the cities.At the first federal census in 1790, city dwellers made upnearly 5.1% of the total population and only two places had more than 25 ,000 inhabitants.Fifty years later only 10.8% of the national population fell i nto the urban category and only one city, New York, contained more than 250,000 rgely because of the unsophisticated modes of transportation, even the more populous places in the early 19th century remained small enough that peop le could easily walk from one end of the city to the other in those days.Though smaller in modern standards these walking cities, as it were, perfor med a variety of functions in those days.One was economic.Throughout thepre-mod ern era, this part of urban life remained so overwhelmingly commercial that almo st every city owed its development to trade.Yet city dwellers concerned themsel ves not only with promoting agricultural activities in their own areas, they als o collected and processed goods from these areas and distributed them to other c ities.From the beginning line and increasingly in the 18th and early 19th centu ries, cities served as centres of both commerce and simple manufacturing.Apart from the economical functions, the early cities also had important no n-economic functions to play.Since libraries, museums, schools and colleges wer e built and needed people to go there to visit or to study, cities and the large early towns with their concentration of population tended to serve as centres o feducational activities and as places from which information was spread to th e countryside.In addition, the town with people of different occupational, ethn ic, racial and religious affiliations became focuses of formal and informal organi zations which were set up to foster the security and to promote the interests an d influence of each group.In those days the pre-industrial city in America func tioned as a complex and varied organizing element in American life, not as a sim ple, heterogeneous and sturdy union.The variety of these early cities was reinforced by the nature of their loc ationand by the process of town spreading.Throughout the pre-industrial period of American history, the city occupied sites on the eastern portion of the the largely under-developed continent, and settlement on the countryside generally followed the expansion of towns in that region.The various interest groups in e ach city tended to compete with their counterparts in other cities for economic, social and political control first nearby and later more distant and larger are as.And always there remained the underdeveloped regions to be developed through the establishment of new towns by individuals and groups.These individuals and groups sought economic opportunities or looked for a better social, political o r religious atmosphere.In this sense, the cities better developed a succession of urban frontiers.While this kind of circumstance made Americans one o f the most prolific and self-conscious city-building peoples of their time, it d id not retard the steadily urbanizing society in the sense that decade by decade an ever larger proportion of the people lived in cities.In 1680 an estimated 9 to 10 percent of American colonists lived in urban s ettlements.A century later, that was the end of the 18th century, though 24 pla ces had 2500 persons or more, city dwellers accounted for only 5.1% of the total population.For the next thirty years, the proportion remained relatively stabl e and it was not until 1830 that the urban figure moved back up to the level of 1690.In short, as the number of cities increased after 1680, they sent large num bers of people into the countryside and their ratainers.Nonetheless the continuous movement of people into and out of the cities made life in the many but relativ ely small places lively and stimulating.SECTION B INTERVIEWM: I’m talking to Janet Holmes who has spent many years negotiating fo r several well-known national and multi-national companies.Hello, Janet.W: Hello.M: Now Janet, you’ve experienced and observed the negotiation strategies used by people from different countries and speakers of different languages. So befor e we comment on the differences, could I ask you to comment, first of all, on what such encounters have in common?W: OK, well, I’m just going to focus on the situations where people are speakin g English in international business situations.M: I see.Now, not every one speaks to the same degree of proficiency.Maybe tha t affects the situation.W: Yes, perhaps.But that is not always so significant.Well, because, I mean, n egotiations between business partners from different countries normally mean we have negotiations between individuals who belong to distinct cultural traditions M: Oh, I see.W: Well, every individual has a different way of performing various tasks in eve ryday life.M: Yes, but, but isn’t it the case that in the business negotiation, they must c ome together and work together to a certain extent.I mean, doesn’t that level up the style of, the style of differences or somewhat?W: Oh, I am not so sure.I mean there’re people in the so-called Western World w ho say that in the course of the past 30 or 40 years, there are a lot of things that have changed a great deal globally, and that as a consequence, national differences had diminished, giving way to some sort of international Amer icanized style.M: Yeah, I’ve heard that.Now some people say this Americanized style has acted as a model for local patterns.W: Maybe it has, maybe it hasn’t.Because on the one hand, there does appear to be a fairly unified even uniform style of doing business with certain basic pri nciples and preferences, you know, like “time is money”, that sort of thing.B ut at the same time, it is very important to remember the way all retain aspects of national characteristics.But it is the actual behaviour that we will talk a bout here.We shouldn’t be too quick to generalize that to national characteris tic and stylistic type.It doesn’t help much.M: Yeah. You mentioned Americanized style.What is particular about American st yle of business bargaining or negotiating?W: Well, I’ve noticed that, for example, when Americans negotiate with people f rom Brazil, the American negotiators make their points in a direct, sophistical way.M: I see.W: While Brazilians make their points in a more indirect way.M: How?W: Let me give you an example.Brazilian importers look at people they’re talki n g to straight in the eyes a lot.They spend time on what some people thinks to b e background information.They seem to be more indirect.M: Then, what about the American negotiators?W: American style of negotiating, on the other hand, is far more like that of point-making; first point, second point, third point, and so on.Now of course, th is isn’t the only way in which one can negotiate and there’s absolutely no reason why t his should be considered as the best way to negotiate.M: Right.Americans seem to have a different style, say, even from the British, do n’t they?W: Exactly, which just show how careful you must be about generalizing.I mean,how about asking you explain how the American negotiators are seen as informal, and so metimes much too open.For British eyes, Americans are too direct even blunt.M: Is that so?W: Yeah, at the same time, the British too. German negotiators can appear direc t and uncompromising in the negotiations, and yet if you experience Germans and Americans negotiating together, it often is the Americans who are too blunt for the German negotiators.M: Fascinating! So people from different European countries use different styles , don’t they?W: That’s right.M: OK.So what about the Japanese then? I mean, is their style different from th e Americans and Europeans?W: Oh, well, yes, of course.Many Europeans nod its extreme politeness of their Japanese counterpart, the way they avoid giving the slightest defense, you know. They’re also very reserved to people they don’t know well.At the first meeti ng s American colleagues have difficulties in finding the right approach sometimes. But then when you meet the Japanese negotiators again, this initial impression tends to disappear.But it is perhaps true to say the average Japanese business person does choose his or her words really very carefully.M: So can we say that whatever nationalities you are dealing with, you need to r emember that different nationalities negotiate in different ways?W: Well it’s perhaps more helpful to bear in mind that different people behave i n negotiating in different ways.And you shouldn’t assume that everyone will be have in the same way that you do.M: Right.It is definitely a very useful tip for our businessman who often negot iatewith their overseas partners, OK, Janet, thank you very much for talking wi th us. W: Pleasure.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 1(For Question 11)The first International Tibetan Traditional Medicine Conference will be hel d July 15th to 17th in Lasa, capital city of Tibet autonomous region.China’s E thnic Medicine Institute, Tibetan Bureau and Tibetan Medical College will co-hos t the conference.The conference has received more than 500 research papers from China and abroad. The organizing committee primarily selected 290 articles to be discussed at the conference.More than 50 foreign guests from the United States, Russia, Britain, India, Germany, France, Italy and Nepal will attend themeeting .The China mainland has sent a delegation consisting of 250 Tibetan medicine expe rts to the conference.News Item 2(For Questions 12-13)The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was actively adopting information technology and building an electronic government, a senior Hong Kong official said yesterday.This is an integral part of Hong Kong’s Digi t al 21 Strategy formulated in 1998 to make Hong Kong both a regional and world-wi de internet centre, said Carrion, secretary for information technology and broad casting.She outlined three policy objectives in developing an E-government in H ong Kong at the IBM Asian E-government Executive Seminar.The first policy objec tive is to develop an electronic and peopleless government so as to improve the efficiency,cost-effectiveness and quality of public service.The second is to p romote the wide adoption of E-commence with the government setting a leading exa mple.The third is, through the E-government program, to integrate service deliv ery across motorable departments and agencies.News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)Canadian Olympic 100-meter champion Donovan Bailey showed he was on his w ay back to top form on Tuesday by winning the 100-meters at the athletic mee ting in Switzerland in the time of 9.98 seconds.Despite unfavorable windy co nditions, Bailey recorded the second best time of the year short of the 9.91 se t by double world champion Moris Greene of the United States on May 13th in Noso ka, Japan.“I would have run 9.80 if I’d really pushed myself.”said Bailey , 1 996 Olympic and 1995 world champion.The Canadian has been fighting for form since before the Sidney Olympics, following a long-term injury which resulted in a disappo inting series of starts in the season.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGStudy Activities in UniversityGood morning, today we’ll look at some study activities carried out in universi t y.As we know, students in colleges or universities are expected to master some academic materials that are fairly difficult to understand.However, some of the m find it hard to learn some complex, abstract or unfamiliar subject matters.As a result, a central problem in higher education is how to internalize academic k nowledge, that is how to make knowledge your own.In order to do so we must conv ert knowledge from being other’s knowledge to being part of our own way of think ing.Then how are we going to do it? What’s the means available to help us in t h e process of learning? There are four key study activities currently used in hig her education to encourage students to internalize knowledge.They are the ones we are familiar with: writing essays, going to classes and seminars, having indi vidual tutorials and listening to lectures.The four activities are long-establi shed features of our higher education, and they are as important now as they wer e a hundred years ago.Now let’s look at the features of them one by one.First, essay writing.The central focus of university work, especially in h umanities, for example in literature, history or politics, is on students’prod u cing regular essays or papers which summarize and express their personal underst anding of the topic.Then what is good about essay writing? Firstly, writing ess ays forces you to select what you find interesting in books and journals and to express your understanding in the coherent form.Individual written work also pr ovides teachers with the best available guide to how you are progressing in the s ubject, and allows them to give advice on how to develop your strengths or count eract your stly, of course, individual written work is still the b asis of almost all assessment in higher education.Written assignments familiari ze you with the form your exams will take.The second key activity in colleges and universities is seminars and class discussions.Their role is to help you to internalize academic knowledge by pro viding such contexts so that you can talk about such difficult problems as the treatment of inflation and the unemployment in economic policy or the use of the metaphors in Shakespeare’s plays.Talking is more active than written work.In conversation you know immediately how effective you are in expressing your point and can modify what you are saying in response to people’s reaction s .In addition, a normal program of between 10 to 25 classes covers far more topic s than one subject.Thenyou can hope to manage your written work.Participating in flexible conversations across this range of issues also allows you to practi se using the broader knowledge gained from other key activities such as lecturesNow let’s take a look at another activity, individual tutorials.Discussi o ns between the teacher and one or two students are used in many colleges as a su bstitute for or supplement to group discussion in classes like those mentioned b efore. Tutorials can range from direct explanation by teachers and are subject to flexible conversational sessions which at their best are very effective in stimu lating students’mastery of a body of knowledge.The one-to-one quality of the pe r sonal interaction is very important in stimulating acceptance of ideas and produ cing fruitful interaction. In order to make individual tutorial really work, st udents should make good preparation beforehand, and during the tutorial they als o should ask questions to keep the ball rolling rather than let the teachers tal k the vacuum.The last activity is lectures.As we all know, lectures play a large part o f most students’timetable and occupy considerable proportion of teachers’eff orts.However the major difficulty with lectures is that they are not interactive like discussions or tutorials.The lecturer normally talks for the whole time wi th minimal feed-back from questions.The science and making notes and the lecture while-con centrating on the argument being developed is often difficult to some students, especially when the argument is very complicated.We have said that lectures are clearly valuable in several specific ways.They can provide a useful overview i n every map, as it were, to familiarize you with the mainland features to be enc ountered during the course.Lectures typically give much more accessible descrip tions of theoretical perspectives in their oral presentations than can be found in the academic literature.Whenever there is a rapid pace of progress in theory or practice, lectures play an indispensable part in letting students know the d evelopmentimmediately, usually several years before the new material is include d in stly lectures are often very useful in allowing you to see dir ectly how exponents of different views build up their arguments.The cues provid ed by someone talking in person may seem irrelevant, but these cues are i mportant aids to understanding the subject matter better later.So far we’ve discussed four study activities and their respective features and roles in higher education.Of course study activities are not limited to jus t these four types.They’re other activities that are equally important, such, a s general reading, project learning, etc.We will cover them during our next lecture.答案与详解PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK1.答案: B【问句译文】根据该短文, 十八、十九世纪城市小的因素是什么？【试题分析】本题为细节理解题。

专业英语八级真题附答案详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1999)—GRADE EIGHTPAPER ONEPART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN. )In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. The technology to make machines quieterA. has been in use since the 1930's.B. has accelerated industrial production.C. has just been in commercial use.D. has been invented to remove all noises.2. The modern electronic anti-noise devicesA. are an update version of the traditional methods.B. share similarities with the traditional methods.C. are as inefficient as the traditional methods.D. are based on an entirely new working principle.3. The French company is working on anti-noise techniques to be used in all EXCEPTA. streets.B. factories.C. aircraft.D. cars.4. According to the talk, workers in "zones of quiet" canA. be more affected by noise.B. hear talk from outside the zone.C. work more efficiently.D. be heard outside the zone.5. The main theme of the talk is aboutA. noise-control technology.B. noise in factories.C. noise-control regulations.D. noise-related effects.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. Employees in the US are paid for their time. This means that they are supposed toA. work hard while their boss is around.B. come to work when there is work to be done.C. work with initiative and willingness.D. work through their lunch break.7. One of the advantages of flexible working hours is thatA. pressure from work can be reduced.B. working women can have more time at home.C. traffic and commuting problems can be solved.D. personal relationships in offices can be improved.8. On the issue of working contracts in the US, which statement is NOT correct?A. Performance at work matters more than anything else.B. There are laws protecting employees' working rights.C. Good reasons must be provided in order to fire workers.D. Working contracts in the US are mostly short-term ones.9. It can be assumed from the interview that an informalatmosphere might be found inA. small firms.B. major banks.C. big corporations.D. law offices.10. The interview is mainly about __________ in the USA.A. office hierarchiesB. office conditionsC. office rules.D. office life.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.11. Senator Bob Dole's attitude towards Clinton's anti-crime policy is that ofA. opposition.B. support.C. ambiguity.D. indifference.Questions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.12. Japan and the United States are nowA. negotiating about photographic material.B. negotiating an automobile agreement.C. facing serious problems in trade.D. on the verge of a large-scale trade war.13. The news item seems to indicate that the agreementA. will end all other related trade conflicts.B. is unlikely to solve the dispute once and for all.C. is linked to other trade agreements.D. is the last of its kind to be reached.Question 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. According to the news, the ice from Greenland provides information aboutA. oxygen.B. ancient weather.C. carbon dioxide.D. temperature.15. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?A. Drastic changes in the weather have been common since ancient times.B. The change in weather from very cold to very hot lasted over a century.C. The scientists have been studying ice to forecast weather in the future.D. The past 10,000 years have seen minor changes in the weather.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture once only. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Y our notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking ANSWER SHEETAt present companies and industries like to sponsor sports events. Two reasons are put forward to explain this phenomenon.The first reason is that they get (1) throughout the world.The second reason is that companies and industries (2) money as they get reductions in the tax they owe if they sponsor sports or arts activities.As sponsorship is (3) careful thinking is required in deciding which events to sponsor.It is important that the event to be sponsored (4) the product(s) to be promoted. That is, the right (5) and maximum product coverage must be guaranteed in the event.Points to be considered in sports sponsorship.Popularity of the eventInternational sports events are big (6) events, which get extensive coverage on TV and in press.Smaller events attract fewer people.Identification of the potential audienceAiming at the right audience is most important for smaller events.The right audience would attract manufacturers of related products like (7) , etc.Advantages of sponsorshipAdvantages are longer-term.People are expected to respond 8 to the products promoted and be more likely to buy them.Advertising is 9 the mind.Sponsorship is better than straight advertising:a) less 10b) tax-freePART ⅡPROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN. )Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET asinstructed.The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric (1) __________human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing (2) __________with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed thatone-half emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate onfishing, and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirds and (3) __________more of the hunter-gatherer's calories come from plants. Detailed studiesof the Kung by the food scientists at the University of London, showedthat gathering is a more productive source of food than is hunting. Anhour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible calories, (4) __________as an hour of gathering produces 240. (5) __________ Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, (6) __________and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails, interestingly, if they escapefatal infections or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to oldages despite of the absence of medical care. They experience no obesity, (7) __________and no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, noheart disease, and their blood cholesterol level are very low (about half of (8) __________the average American adult. ) If no one is suggesting that we return to (9) __________an aboriginal life, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet. (10) __________ PART ⅢREADING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN. )SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN. )In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple- choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then answer the questions.TEXT ARicci's "Operation Columbus"1 Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English-language edition of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong.2 Ricci is so confident that he has christen quest "Operation Columbus" and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far- fetched. The Italian edition of FMR —the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci— is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest artmagazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US $ 500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issuecarrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over "an inferiority complex about their art". He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange —what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.3 To realize this version, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising — and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine-publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US $ 5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 600% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporations. "To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors," reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. "We would like Italians."4 Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception, will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled —and won —on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-colour pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable. "I don't expect that more than 30% of my readers.., will actually read FMR," he says. "The magazine is such a visual delight that they don't have to. "Still, he is lining up an impressive stable of writers and professors for the American edition,including Noam Chomsky, Anthony Burgess, Eric Jong and Norman Mailer. In addition, he seems to be pursuing his own eclectic vision without giving a moment's thought to such established competitors as Connosisseur and Horizon. "The Americans can do almost everything better than we can, "says Ricci," But we (the Italians) have a 2,000 year edge on them in art."16. Ricci intends his American edition of FMR to carry more American art works in order toA. boost Americans' confidence in their art.B. follow the pattern set by his Italian edition.C. help Italians understand American art better.D. expand the readership of his magazine.17. Ricci is compared to Columbus in the passage mainly becauseA. they both benefited from Italian sponsors.B. they were explorers in their own ways.C. they obtained overseas sponsorship.D. they got a warm reception in America.18. We get the impression that the American edition of FMR will probablyA. carry many academic articles of high standard.B. follow the style of some famous existing magazines.C. be read by one third of American magazine readers.D. pursue a distinctive editorial style of its own.TEXT BUncle Geoff1 My mother's relations were very different form the Mitfords. Her brother, Uncle Geoff, who often came to stay at Swinbrook, was a small, spare man with thoughtful blue eyes and a rathersilent manner. Compared to Uncle T ommy, he was an intellectual of the highest order, and indeed his satirical pen belied his mild demeanor. He spent most of his waking hours composing letters to The Times and other publications in which he outlined his own particular theory of the development of English history. In Uncle Geoff's view, the greatness of England had risen and waned over the centuries in direct proportion to the use of natural manure in fertilizing the soil. TheBlack Death of 1348 was caused by gradual loss of the humus fertility found under forest trees. The rise of the Elizabethans two centuries later was attributable to the widespread use of sheep manure.2 Many of Uncle Geoff's letters-to-the-editor have fortunately been preserved in a privately printed volume called Writings of A Rebel. Of the collection, one letter best sums up his views on the relationship between manure and freedom. He wrote:3 Collating old records shows that our greatness rises and falls with the living fertility of our soil. And now, many years of exhausted and chemically murdered soil, and of devitalized food from it, has softened our bodies and still worse, softened our national character. It is an actual fact that character is largely a product of the soil. Many years of murdered food from deadened soil has made us too tame. Chemicals have had their poisonous day. It is now the worm's turn to reform the manhood of England. The only way to regain our punch, our character, our lost virtues, and with them the freedom natural to islanders, is to compost our land so as to allow moulds, bacteria and earthworms to remake living soil to nourish Englishmen's bodies and spirits.4 The law requiring pasteurization of milk in England was aparticular target of Uncle Geoff's. Fond of alliteration, he dubbed it "Murdered Milk Measure," and established the Liberty Restoration League, with headquarters at his house in London, for the specific purpose of organizing a counteroffensive. "Freedom not Doctordom" was the League's proud slogan. A subsidiary, but nevertheless important, activity of the League was advocacy of a return to the " unsplit, slowly smoked fish" and bread made with "English stone-ground flour, yeast, milk, sea salt and raw cane-sugar."19. According to Uncle Geoff, national strength could only be regained byA. reforming the manhood of England.B. using natural manure as fertilizer.C. eating more bacteria-free food.D. granting more freedom to Englishmen.20. The tone of the passage can most probably be described asA. facetious.B. serious.C. nostalgic.D. factual.TEXT CInterview1 So what have they taught you at college about interviews? Some courses go to town on it, others do very little. You may get conflicting advice. Only one thing is certain: the key to success is preparation.2 There follow some useful suggestions from a teacher training course co-ordinator, a head of department anda headteacher. As they appear to be in complete harmonywith one another despite never having met, we may take their advice seriously.3 Oxford Brookes University's approach to the business of application and interview focuses on research and rehearsal. Training course co-ordinator Brenda Stevens speaks of the value of getting students "to deconstruct the advertisement, see what they can offer to that school, and that situation, and then write the letter, do their CVs and criticize each other's ". Finally, they role play interviewer and interviewee.4 This is sterling stuff, and Brookes students spend a couple of weeks on it. "The better prepared students won't be thrown by nerves on the day," says Ms. Stevens. "They'll have their strategies and questions worked out. "She also says, a trifle disconcertingly, "the better the student, the worse the interviewee. ' She believes the most capable students are less able to put themselves forward. Even if this were true, says Ms. Stevens, you must still make your own case.5 "Beware of informality," she advises. One aspirant teacher, now a head of department at a smart secondary school, failed his first job interview because he took his jacket off while waiting for his appointment. It was hot and everyone in the staffroom was in shirtsleeves but at the end of the day they criticized his casual attitude, which they had deduced from the fact that he took his jacket off in the staffroom, even though he put it back on for the interview.6 Incidentally, men really do have to wear a suit to the interview and women really cannot wear jeans, even if men never wear the suit again and women teach most days in jeans. Panels respond instantly to these indicators. But beware: it will not please them any better if you are too smart.7 Find out about the peope who will talk to you. In the early meetings they are likely to be heads of departments or heads of year. Often they may be concerned with pastoral matters. It makes sense to know their priorities and let them hear the things about you that they want to hear.8 During preliminary meetings you may be seen in groups with two or three other applicants and you must demonstrate that you know your stuff without putting your companions down. The interviewers will be watching how you work with a team.9 But remember the warning about informality: however friendly and co-operative the other participants are, do not give way to the idea that you are there just to be friends.10 Routine questions can be rehearsed, but "don't go on too long", advises the department head. They may well ask: "what have been your worst/best moments when teaching?" , or want you to "talk about some good teaching you have done". The experts agree you should recognize your weaknesses and offer a strategy for overcoming them. "I know I've got to work on classroom management. I would hope for some help," perhaps. No one expects a new teacher to know it all, but they hope for an objective appraisal of capabilities.11 Be warned against inexpert questioning. You may be asked questions in such a way that it seems impossible to present your best features. Some questions may be plain silly, asked perhaps by people on the panel who are from outside the situation. Do not be thrown, have ways of circumnavigating it, and never, ever let them see that you think they have said something foolish.12 You will almost certainly be asked how you see the future and it is important to have a good answer prepared. Some peopleare put off by being asked what they expect to be doing in five or ten year's time. On your preliminary visit, says the department head, be sure to give them a bit of an interview of your own, to see the direction the department is going and what you could contribute to it.13 The headteacher offers his thoughts in a eight-point plan.1. Iron the application form! Then it stands out from everyone else's, which have been folded and battered in the post. It gives an initial impression which may get your application to the top of the pile.2. Ensure that your application is tailored to the particular school. Make the head feel you are writing directly to him or her.3. Put yourself at ease before you meet the interviewing panel, if you are nervous, you will talk too quickly. Before you enter the room remember that the people are human beings too; take away the mystique of their roles.4. Listen. There is danger of not hearing accurately what is being said. Make eye contact with the speakers, and with everyone in the room.5. Allow your warmth and humanity to be seen. A sense of humour is very important.6. Have a portfolio of your work that can link theory to practice. Many schools want you to show work. Fora primary appointment, give examples from the range of the curriculum, not just art. (For this reason, taking pictures on your teaching practice is important. )7. Prepare yourself in case you are asked to give a talk. Have prompt cards ready, and don't waffle.8. Your speech must be clear and articulate, with correct grammar. This is important: they want to hear you and they wantto hear how well you can communicate with children. Believe in yourself and have confidence. Some of the people asking the questions don't know much about what you do. Be ready to help them.14 Thus armed, you should have no difficulty at all. Good luck, and keep your jacket on!21. Ms Brenda Stevens suggests that before applying job applicants shouldA. go through each other's CVs.B. rehearse their answers to questions.C. understand thoroughly the situations.D. go to town to attend training courses.22. Is it wise to admit some of your weaknesses relating to work?A. Yes, but you should have ideas for improvement in the future.B. Yes, because it is natural to be weak in certain aspects.C. No, admitting weaknesses may put you at a disadvantage.D. No, it will only prompt the interviewers to reject you.23. The best way to deal with odd questions from the interviewers is toA. remain smiling and kindly point out the inaccuracies.B. keep calm and try to be tactful in your answers.C. say frankly what you think about the issues raised.D. suggest something else to get over your nervousness.24. The suggestions offered by the head teacher areA. original.B. ambiguous.C. practical.D. controversial.TEXT DFamily Matters1 This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support one's parents. Called the Maintenance of Parents Bill, it received the backing of the Singapore Government.2 That does not mean it hasn't generated discussion. Several members of the Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian. Others who acknowledged the problem of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response. Still others believe it will subvert relations within the family: cynics dubbed it the "Sue Your Son" law.3 Those who say that the bill does not promote filial responsibility, of course, are right. It has nothing to do with filial responsibility. It kicks in where filial responsibility fails. The law cannot legislate filial responsibility any more than it can legislate love. All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this morality provide insufficient. Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality, but to provide incentives to shore it up.4 Like many other developed nations, Singapore faces the problems of an increasing proportion of people over 60 years of age. Demography is inexorable. In 1980, 7.2% of the population was in this bracket. By the turn of the century, that figure will grow to 11%. By 2030, the proportion is projected to be 260%. The problem is not old age per se. It is that the ratio of economically active people to economically inactive people will decline.5 But no amount of government exhortation or paternalism will completely eliminate the problem of old people who have insufficient means to make ends meet. Some people will fallthrough the holes in any safety net.6 Traditionally, a person's insurance against poverty in his old age was his family. This is not a revolutionary concept. Nor is it uniquely Asian. Care and support for one's parents is a universal value shared by all civilized societies.7 The problem in Singapore is that the moral obligation to look after one's parents is unenforceable. A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children. A husband can be forced to support his wife. But, until now, a son or daughter had no legal obligation to support his or her parents.8 In 1989, an Advisory Council was set up to look into the problems of the aged. Its report stated with a tinge of complacency that 95% of those who did not have their own income were receiving cash contributions from relations. But what about the 5% who aren't getting relatives' support? They have several options: (a) get a job and work until they die; (b) apply for public assistance (you have to be destitute to apply); or (c) starve quietly.None of these options is socially acceptable. And what if this 5% figure grows, as it is likely to do, as society ages?9 The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies. This legislation will allow a person to apply to the court for maintenance from any or all of his children. The court would have the discretion to refuse to make an order if it is unjust.10 Those who deride the proposal for opening up the courts to family lawsuits miss the point. Only in extreme cases would any parent take his child to court. If it does indeed become law, the bill's effect would be far more subtle.11 First, it will reaffirm the notion that it is each individual's —not society's —responsibility to look after his parents. Singapore is still conservative enough that most people will not object to this idea. It reinforces the traditional values and it doesn't hurt a society now and then to remind itself of its core values.12 Second, and more important, it will make those who are inclined to shirk their responsibilities think twice. Until now, if a person asked family elders, clergymen or the Ministry of Community Development to help get financial support from his children, the most they could do was to mediate. But mediators have no teeth, and a child could simply ignore their pleas.13 But to be sued by one's parents would be a massive loss of face. It would be a public disgrace. Few people would be so thick-skinned as to say." Sue and be damned. "The hand of the conciliator would be immeasurably strengthened. It is far more likely that some sort of amicable settlement would be reached if the recalcitrant Son or daughter knows that the alternative is a public trial.14 It would be nice to think that Singapore doesn't need this kind of law. But that belief ignores the clear demographic trends and the effect of affluence itself on traditional bonds. Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the first place.25. The Maintenance of Parents BillA. received unanimous support in the Singapore Parliament.B. was believed to solve all the problems of the elderly poor.C. was intended to substitute for traditional values in Singapore.D. was passed to make the young more responsible to theold.26. By quoting the growing percentage points of the aged in the population, the author seems to imply thatA. the country will face mounting problems of the old in future.B. the social welfare system would be under great pressure.C. young people should be given more moral education.D. the old should be provided with means of livelihood.27. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Filial responsibility in Singapore is enforced by law.B. Fathers have legal obligations to look after their children.C. It is an acceptable practice for the old to continue working.D. The Advisory Council was dissatisfied with the problems of the old.28. The author seems to suggest that traditional valuesA. play an insignificant role in solving social problems.B. are helpful to the elderly when they sue their children.C. are very important in preserving Asian uniqueness.D. are significant in helping the Bill get approved.29. The author thinks that if the Bill becomes law, its effect would beA. indirect.B. unnoticed.C. apparent.D. straightforward.30. At the end of the passage, the author seems to imply that success of the Bill depends uponA. strict enforcement.B. public support.C. government assurance.。

英语专业八级试卷一、听力理解（35分）（一）Mini - lecture（10分）题目：The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Language Learning。

Fill in the blanks according to what you hear.The development of artificial intelligence has brought significant changes to language learning. AI - based language learning tools canprovide (1) _personalized_ learning experiences. For example, they can analyze learners' (2) _strengths and weaknesses_ and offer tailored study plans.These tools also offer a wide range of learning resources, such as (3) _interactive exercises_ and real - life language examples. Moreover, AI can simulate (4) _conversational partners_, which helps learners improve their speaking skills.However, there are also some challenges. One concern is the (5)_accuracy_ of the language models. Sometimes, they may generate incorrector inappropriate responses. Another issue is that over - reliance on AItools may lead to a lack of (6) _independent thinking_ in language learning.In conclusion, while AI has great potential in language learning, learners should use it (7) _wisely_ and combine it with traditionallearning methods.（二）Listening Comprehension（25分）Section A（15分）There are three news items in this section. Listen to each item carefully and answer the questions that follow.News Item 1.1. What is the main topic of this news item?A. A new scientific discovery.B. A political event.C. An environmental issue.2. Where did the event take place?A. In Asia.B. In Europe.C. In America.News Item 2.3. What has been announced by the company?A. A new product launch.B. A job cut.C. A merger.4. How will this announcement affect the employees?A. They will get a pay raise.B. Some of them may lose their jobs.C. They will have more working hours.News Item 3.5. What is the purpose of the new policy?A. To promote tourism.B. To protect local culture.C. To control population growth.6. What are the main measures of the policy?A. Restricting the number of visitors.B. Offering more cultural events.C. Building more hotels.Section B（10分）You will hear a conversation between a student and a professor. Listen carefully and answer the questions.1. Why did the student come to see the professor?A. To discuss a course assignment.B. To ask for a letter of recommendation.C. To complain about a grade.2. What is the student's main concern about the assignment?A. The topic is too difficult.B. He doesn't have enough time.C. He doesn't understand the requirements.3. What does the professor suggest the student do?A. Change the topic.B. Read more reference books.C. Ask for help from classmates.4. When is the assignment due?A. Next week.B. In two weeks.C. At the end of the semester.5. What will the student do next?A. Start working on the assignment immediately.B. Go to the library to find books.C. Talk to his classmates.二、阅读理解（30分）（一）Multiple - choice Questions（14分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage 1.The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has made information more accessible than ever before. However, it also brings some problems. One of the major issues is the spread offalse information.With the ease of sharing information on the Internet, anyone can post something without proper verification. This has led to the proliferation of fake news, which can have a significant impact on society. For example, false information about a company can cause its stock price to drop, or misinformation about a political candidate can influence an election.Another problem is privacy. As we use various online services, our personal information is often collected and sometimes misused. Companies may sell our data to third parties without our consent, which poses athreat to our privacy.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The advantages of the Internet.B. The problems caused by the Internet.C. The development of the Internet.2. According to the passage, what can fake news do?A. Improve a company's reputation.B. Increase a stock price.C. Influence an election.3. What is a threat to our privacy according to the passage?A. Using the Internet.B. Companies misusing our personal data.C. Sharing information online.（二）Short - answer Questions（16分）Read the following passage and answer the questions in no more than 10 words each.Passage 2.The concept of sustainable development has gained increasing attention in recent years. It aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.One of the key aspects of sustainable development is environmental protection. This includes reducing pollution, conserving natural resources, and protecting biodiversity. Another aspect is social development, which involves improving people's living standards, education, and health.Economic development is also an important part of sustainable development. However, it should be achieved in a way that is environmentally and socially sustainable.1. What is the aim of sustainable development?2. What are the key aspects of it?3. How should economic development be achieved?三、语言知识（15分）（一）Error Correction（10分）The following passage contains ten errors. Identify and correct them.In modern society, the importance of education are widely recognized. Education not only imparts knowledge but also shape a person's character. A well - educated individual is more likely to contribute to society in positive ways.However, there are still some problems in the education system. One problem is that the curriculum is often too theoretical, lacking of practical applications. Another issue is that some students do not receive equal educational opportunities due to their family background or geographical location.To solve these problems, governments should invest more in education, especially in rural areas. Teachers should also be trained to improve their teaching methods, make the classroom more interesting and effective.（二）Word Formation（5分）Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the given words.1. (create) - The artist's _creativity_ is shown in his unique paintings.2. (lead) - A good _leader_ should be able to inspire his team.3. (decide) - His _decision - making_ ability is very important in this project.四、翻译（15分）（一）汉译英（8分）中国的茶文化源远流长。

英语专八完整试题及答案一、听力理解（Part I Listening Comprehension）Section A: Mini-Lecture1. The speaker mentioned several benefits of learning a second language. What are they?- A. Improved cognitive abilities- B. Enhanced job prospects- C. Increased cultural understanding- D. All of the above2. According to the lecture, what is the most challenging aspect of learning a new language?- A. Vocabulary acquisition- B. Grammar rules- C. Pronunciation- D. Cultural nuancesSection B: Interview3. What is the main topic of the interview?- A. The impact of technology on education- B. The role of arts in society- C. The importance of environmental conservation- D. The future of space exploration4. What does the interviewee suggest as a solution to thediscussed issue?- A. Government intervention- B. Public awareness campaigns- C. International collaboration- D. Technological innovation二、阅读理解（Part II Reading Comprehension）Passage 15. What is the main idea of the passage?- A. The history of the English language- B. The evolution of English literature- C. The influence of English on global communication- D. The development of English as a global lingua franca6. The author uses which of the following to support their argument?- A. Historical events- B. Personal anecdotes- C. Scientific studies- D. Survey resultsPassage 27. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?- A. To persuade readers to adopt a healthier lifestyle- B. To inform readers about the latest health trends- C. To critique the current state of healthcare- D. To provide a comprehensive review of a health-related topic8. What is the author's stance on the topic discussed?- A. Skeptical- B. Supportive- C. Neutral- D. Critical三、语言知识（Part III Language Knowledge）9. Which of the following is the correct form of the verb "to be" in the past tense for the third person singular?- A. am- B. is- C. are- D. was10. The word "irrespective" is closest in meaning to:- A. regardless- B. respective- C. perspective- D. prospective四、翻译（Part IV Translation）Section A: English to Chinese11. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:- "The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."Section B: Chinese to English12. Translate the following sentence into English:- "随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

2005年英语专业八级考试真题及答案总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：190分PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1)<A href="javascript:;"></A><A href="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

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SECTION B INTERVIEW & SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)Which of the following is NOT Professor McKay’s view?A. People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21．B. There are as many sick people in old age as in middle agC. We should not expect more physical illness among old peoplD. We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a grou(3)According to Professor McKay’s report．A. family love is gradually disappearinB. it is hard to comment on family feelinC. more children are indifferent to their parentD. family love remains as strong as eve(4)Professor McKay is towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their chil－dren．A. negativeB. positiveC. ambiguousD. neutral(5)The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against isA. old-age sicknesB. loose family tieC. poor mental abilitieD. difficulties in math(6)<A href="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(7)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(8)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(9)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(10)According to the news，which trading nation in the top lo has reported a 5 percent fall in exports?A. The UB. The UC. JapaD. GermanPART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicate crowds of people?A. Thousands oB. FloweC. PourinD. Unyoke(3)Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individualB. Weather conditions and street lampC. Clattering trains and peddlers’yellD. Moving crowds and street traffi(4)Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionatB. ResponsiblC. ShD. Determine(5)What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workerB. How to survive in a harsh environmenC. Generation gap between the father and the soD. Love between the father and the so(6)What is the author’s attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferenB. SympathetiC. AppreciativD. Difficult to tel(7)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(8)In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A. The third paragrapB. The first paragrapC. The last paragrapD. The last but one paragrap(9)The main purpose of the passage is toA. offer advice on how to prevent hip fractureB. emphasize the importance of health precautionC. discuss the seriousness of hip fractureD. identify the causes of hip fracture(10)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(11)According to the passage，which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?A. Economic stagnatioB. Environmental destructioC. High divorce rateD. Neglect of histor(12)The word “pooh-pooh” in the sixth paragraph meansA. appreciatB. praisC. shuD. ridicul(13)According to the passage，people at present can forecast__________of a new round of future-mindedness．A. the natureB. the locationC. the varietyD. the features(14)The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus onA. how it comes into beinB. how it functionC. what it brings abouD. what it is related t(15)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(16)The third paragraph does NOT claim that menA. prevent women from taking up certain professionB. secretly admire women’s intellect and resolutioC. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in businesD. forbid women to join certain clubs and societie(17)The third paragraphA. generally agrees with the first paragrapB. has no connection with the first paragrapC. repeats the argument of the second paragrapD. contradicts the last paragrap(18)At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order toA. show that men are stronger than womeB. carry further the ideas of the earlier paragraphC. support the first sentence of the same paragrapD. disown the ideas he is expressin(19)The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA. is based on the study of archaeologB. illustrates how people expect men to behavC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokD. proves that the man，not woman，should be the wooe(20)The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the authorA. approves oB. argues is naturaC. completely rejectD. expects to go on changinPART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)U．S．presidents normally serve a(n）__________term．A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year(3)Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast U．S．?A. HustoB. BostoC. BaltimorD. Philadelphi(4)__________ is the state church in England．A. The Roman Catholic ChurchB. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England(5)The novel Emma is written byA. Mary ShelleB. Charlotte Brontё．C. Elizabeth GaskelD. Jane Auste(6)Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William WordswortB. George EllioC. George ByroD. Percy Shelle(7)William Sidney Porter，known as O．Henry，is most famous forA. his poemB. his playC. his short storieD. his novel(8)Syntax is the study ofA. language functionB. sentence structureC. textual organizatioD. word formatio(9)Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinesB. ProductivitC. Cultural transmissioD. Finitenes(10)The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John SearlB. John AustiC. Noam ChomskD. HallidaPART ⅣPROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></ A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

2005年英语专业八级考试全真试卷2005年英语专业八级考试试题原题及参考答案2005年03月06日TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Writing a Research PaperI. Research Papers and Ordinary EssayA. Similarity in (1) __________:e.g. —choosing a topic—asking questions—identifying the audienceB. Difference mainly in terms of (2) ___________1. research papers: printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one's (3) ___________II. Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA. Number of basic types: twoB. Characteristics:1. survey-type paper:—to gather (4) ___________—to quote—to (5) _____________The writer should be (6) ___________.2. argumentative (research) paper:a. The writer should do more, e.g.—to interpret—to question, etc.b. (7) _________varies with the topic, e.g.—to recommend an action, etc.III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research PaperIn choosing a topic, it is important to (8) __________.Question No. 1: your familiarity with the topicQuestion No. 2: Availability of relevant information on the chosen topicQuestion No. 3: Narrowing the topic down to (9) _________Question No. 4: Asking questions about (10) ___________The questions help us to work out way into the topic and discover its possibilities.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds t o answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. What is the purpose of Professor McKay's report?A. To look into the mental health of old people.B. To explain why people have negative views on old age.C. To help correct some false beliefs about old age.D. To identify the various problems of old age2. Which of the following is NOT Professor McKay's view?A. People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21.B. There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.C. We should not expect more physical illness among old people.D. We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.3. According to Professor McKay's report,A. family love is gradually disappearing.B. it is hard to comment on family feeling.C. more children are indifferent to their parents.D. family love remains as strong as ever.4. Professor McKay is ________ towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their children.A. negativeB. positiveC. ambiguousD. neutral5. The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against isA. old-age sickness.B. loose family ties.C. poor mental abilities.D. difficulities in maths.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin toA. eliminate bacteria.B. treat burns.C. Speed up recovery.D. reduce treatment cost.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.7. What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?A. It is featured by high technology.B. It allows you to imitate famous singers.C. It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.D. It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. China's Internet users had reached _________ by the end of June.A. 68 millionB. 8.9 millionC. 10 millionD. 1.5 millionQuestion 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. According to the WTO, Chinese exports rose _________ last year.A. 21%B. 10%C. 22%D. 4.7310. According to the news, which trading nation in the top 10 has reported a 5 per cent fall in exports?A. The UK.B. The US.C. Japan.D. Germany.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile -Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch, it's Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana." He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven't sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool. "I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father."I'll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling. Mikey. But it's plain we are unlucky today! Let's go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But atlast my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicated crowds of people?A.Thousands ofB. FlowedC. PouringD. Unyoked13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B. Weather conditions and street lamps.C. Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D. Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionateB. ResponsibleC. ShyD. Determined15. What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workers.B. How to survive in a harsh environment.C. Generation gap between the father and the son.D. Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author's attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferentB. SympatheticC. AppreciativeD. Difficult to tellTEXT B提示：原文出自美国时代杂志（TIME）日期Jan. 29, 2001文章标题No Fall Insurance 作者AN K. SMITH, M.D.。

专业英语八级考试全真试卷参考答案听力原文PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKThe World Bank is one of the major channels through which development aid i s passed from industrial west to the poor and developing nations of the world. I ts scale of operations is vast, which is why its lending program exceeds 7 billi on a year, and its work force numbers about 4500. In the last decade important c hanges have taken place in the size of the bank’s operations and in the emphasi s of its lending policies. What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank’s loan p rogram. This has increased from 1 billion to nearly 7 billion. The figure includ es hard loans, which are made at the current rate of interest, and soft loans, w hich are allocated to poor countries at concessionary rates, and usually channel led through the bank’s affiliate—the International Development Association.In deciding the emphasis of its lending policy, the bank has had to take i nto account the population explosion which is occuring in many poor countries of the world. It is a fact that the fertility rate of the poor countries is often very high. This is one of the main reasons for these countries remaining poor. U nfortunately, wide-ranging country sectionprograms do not usually reduce this r ate because this was a strong and deeply rooted tradition among people in these countries to have big families. What the bank discovered was that there was a li nk between economic and social development on the one hand, and reduction of fer tility rate on the other. Thus by improving basic health services, by introducin g better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting more even income di stribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fertility rate will be achieved. This advanced thinking persuaded the bank to change its overall lend ing strategy,(略,内容不完整，给你带来的困扰请见谅．)PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK答案：A【问句译文】世界银行运行系统变大系统的变化指的是什么？【试题分析】本题为细节题。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005)GRADE EIGHTPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [30MIN] SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gapfilling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-Filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Writing a Research PaperⅠ. Research Paper and Ordinary EssayA. Similarity in (1).__. (1).~e.g.--choosing a topic--asking questions---identifying the audienceB. Difference mainly in terms of (2)~ (2).__1. research paper: printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one’s (3) __ (3).__Ⅱ. Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA. Number of basic types: twoB. Characteristics:1. survey-type paper:--to gather (4)~ (4).__-- to quote--to (5).__ (5) __The writer should be (6)__ (6) __2. argumentative (research) paper:a. The writer should do more, e.g.-- to interpretto question, etc.b. (7).__ varies with the topic, e.g. (7).__--to recommend an action, etc.Question No.3: narrowing the topic down to (9)~ (9).~Question No.4: asking questions about (10) (10)~The questions help us to work our way into the topic anddiscover its possibilities.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. What is the purpose of Professor McKay’s report?[A] To look into the mental health of old people.[B] To explain why people have negative views on old age.[C] To help correct some false beliefs about old age.[D] To identify the various problems of old age.2. Which of the following is NOT Professor McKay’s view?[A] People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21.[B] There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.[C] We should not expect more physical illness among old people.[D] We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.3. According to Professor McKay’s report,[A] family love is gradually disappearing[B] it is hard to comment on family feeling[C] more children are indifferent to their parents[D] family love remains as strong as ever4. Professor McKay is _______ towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their children.[A] negative[B] positive[C] ambiguous[D] neutral5. The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against is[A] old-age sickness[B] loose family ties[C] poor mental abilities[D] difficulties in mathsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin to ______.[A] eliminate bacteria[B] treat bums[C] speed up recovery[D] reduce treatment costQuestion 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.7. What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?[A] It is featured by high technology.[B] It allows you to imitate famous singers.[C] It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.[D] It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.8. China's internet users had reached ______ by the end of June.[A] 68 million[B] 8.9 million[C] 10 million[D] 1.5 millionQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9. According to the WTO, Chinese exports rose ______year.[A] 21%[B] 10%[C] 22%[D] 4.73%10. According to the news, which trading nation in the top 10 has reported a 5 percent fall in exports?[A] The UK.[B] The US.[C] Japan.[D] Germany.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION [30MIN] In this section there are reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answer on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile-Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch, it’s Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana."He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven’t sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York buildings, the tall street lamps were tit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father’s bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I’m ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool."I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father.'I’ll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today, lust tell momma I’II be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father vied to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling, Mikey. But it’s plain we are unlucky today! Let’s go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate years. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.[A] sent out[B] released[C] dispatched[D] removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicate crowds of people?[A] Thousands of.[B] Flowed.[C] Pouring.[D] Unyoked.13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?[A] Huge crowds and lonely individuals.[B] Weather conditions and street lamps.[C] Clattering trains and peddlers’ yells.[D] Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?[A] Compassionate.[B] Responsible.[C] Shy.[D] Determined.15. What is the theme of the story?[A] The misery of the factory workers.[B] How to survive in a harsh environment.[C] Generation gap between the father and the son.[D] Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author’s attitude towards the father and the son?[A] Indifferent.[B] Sympathetic.[C] Appreciative.[D] Difficult to tell.TEXT BWhen former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip at the age of 89, he joined a group of more than 350,000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. Suffering from advanced Alzheimer’s disease, Reagan was in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip factures not only increases after age 50, but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures.These injuries are not to be taken lightly. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, only 25% of those who suffer hip fractures ever fully recover; as many as 20% will die within 12 months. Even when patients do recover, nearly half will need a cane or a walker to get around.When it comes to hip fractures, the most dangerous place for elderly Americans, it turns out, is their homes; nearly 60% of these dangerous spills will occur in or around the patient’s domicile. This isn't all bad news, however, because a few modifications could prevent a lot of accidents.The first thing to do is to get rid of those throw rugs that line hallways and entrances. They often fold over or bunch up, turning them into booby traps for anyone shuffling down the hall.Entering and leaving the house is a particularly high-risk activity, which is why some experts suggest removing any doorsills higher than 1/2 in. If the steps are bare wood, you can increase traction by applying non-slip treads.Because many seniors suffer from poor balance (whether from neurological deficits or from the inner-ear problemsthat increase naturally with aging), it also helps to install grab bars and handrails in bathrooms and along hallways.The bedroom is another major hazard area that can be made much safer with a few adjustments. Avoid satin sheets and comforters, and opt for non-slip material like wool or cotton. Easy access to devices is important, so place a lamp, telephone and flashlight near the bed within arm’s reach. Make sure the pathway between the bedroom and bathroom is completely clear, and install a night-light along the route for those emergency late-tight trips.It’s a good idea to rearrange the furniture throughout the house, so that the paths between rooms are free of obstructions. Also, make sure telephone and appliance cords aren't strung across common wall ways, where they can be tripped over.In addition to these physical precautions, there are the health precautions every aging body should take. Physical and eye examinations, with special attention to cardiac and blood-pressure problems, should be performed annually to rule out serious medical conditions. Blood pressure that's too low or an irregular heartbeat can put you at risk for fainting and falling. Don't forget to take calcium and vitamin D, two critical factors in developing strong bones. Finally, enrolling in an exercise programme at your local gym can improve agility, strength, balance and coordination - all important skills that can keep you on your feet and off the floor.17. The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION of[A] removal of throw rugs[B] easy access to devices[C] installation of grab bars[D] re-arrangement of furniture18. In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?[A] The third paragraph.[B] The first paragraph.[C] The last paragraph.[D] The last but one paragraph.19. The main purpose of the passage is to[A] offer advice on how to prevent hip fractures[B] emphasize the importance of health precautions[C] discuss the seriousness of hip fractures[D] identify the causes of hip fracturesTEXT CIn his classic novel "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper bas his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a stubby forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?" she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. "Where! Why everywhere," he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. "America is therefore the land of the future," the German philosopher Hegel wrote. "The American lives even more for his goals, for the future, than the European," Albert Einstein concurred. "Life for him is always becoming, never being."In 2012, America will still be the place where the future happens first, for that is the nation’s oldest tradition. The early Puritans lived in almost Stone Age conditions, but they were inspired by visions of future glories, God’s kingdom on earth. The early pioneers would sometimes travel past perfectly good farmland, because they were convinced that even more amazing land could be found over the next ridge. The Founding Fathers took 13 scraggly Colonies and believed they were creating a new nation on earth. The railroad speculators envisioned magnificent fortunes built on bands of iron. It's now fashionable to ridicule the visions of dot-com entrepreneurs of the 1990s, but they had inherited the urge to leap for the horizon. "The Future is endowed with such a life, that it lives to us even in anticipation," HermanMelville wrote. "The Future is the Bible of the Free."This future-mindedness explains many modem features of American life. It explains workaholism: the average American works 350 hours a year more than the average European. Americans move more, in search of that brighter tomorrow, than people in other lands. They also, sadly, divorce more, for the same reason.Americans adopt new technologies such as online shopping and credit cards much more quickly than people in other countries. Forty-five percent of world Internetuse takes place in the United States. Even today, after the bursting of the stock-market bubble, American venture-capital firms-which are in the business of betting on the future - dwarf the firms from all other nations.Future-mindedness contributes to the disorder in American life, the obliviousness to history, the high rates of family breakdown, the frenzied waste of natural resources. It also leads to incredible innovations. According to the Yale historian Paul Kennedy, 75 percent of the Nobel laureates in economics and the sciences over recent decades have lived or worked in the United States. The country remains a magnet for the future-minded from other nations. One in 12 Americans has enjoyed the thrill and challenge of starting his own business. A study published in the Journal of International Business Studies in 2000 showed that innovative people are spread pretty evenly throughout the globe, but Americans are most comfortable with risk. Entrepreneurs in the US are more likely to believe that they possess the ability to shape their own future than people in, say, Britain, Australia or Singapore.If the 1990s were a great decade of future-mindedness, we are now in the midst of a season of experience. It seems cooler to be skeptical, to pooh-pooh all those IPO suckers who lost their money betting on the telecom future. But the world is not becoming more French. By 2012, this period of chastisement will likely have run its course, and future- mindedness will be back in vogue, for better or worse.We don’t know exactly what the next future-minded frenzy win look like. We do know where it will take place: the American suburb. In 1979, three quarters of American office space were located in central cities. The new companies, research centers and entrepreneurs are flocking to these low buildings near airports, highways and the Wal-Mart malls, and they are creating a new kind of suburban life. There are entirely new metropolises rising - boom suburbs like Mesa, Arizona, that already have more people than Minneapolis or St. Louis. We are now approaching a moment in which the majority of American office space, and the hub of American entrepreneurship, will be found in quiet office parks in places like Rockville. Maryland, and in the sprawling suburbosphere around Atlanta.We also know that future-mindedness itself will become the object of greater study. We are discovering that there are many things that human beings do easily that computers can do only with great difficulty, if at all. Cognitive scientists are now trying to decode the human imagination, to understand how the brain visualizes, dreams and creates. And we know, too, that where there is future-mindedness there is hope.20. The third paragraph examines America’s future-mindedness from the ______ perspective.[A] future[B] realistic[C] historical[D] present21. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?[A] Economic stagnation.[B] Environmental destruction.[C] High divorce rates.[D] Neglect of history.22. The word "pooh-pooh" in the sixth paragraph means______.[A] appreciate[B] praise[C] shun[D] ridicule23. According to the passage, people at present can forecast ______ of a new round of future-mindedness.[A] the nature[B] the location[C] the variety[D] the features24. The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus on ______.[A] how it comes into being[B] how it functions[C] what it brings about[D] what it is related toTEXT D"In every known human society the male’s needs for achievement call be recognized...In a greater number of human societies men’s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat."This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defences which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women’s pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men’s status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behaviour: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people’s sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.25. The phrase "men’s sureness of their sex role" in the first paragraph suggests that they ______.[A] are confident in their ability to charm women[B] take the initiative in courtship[C] have a clear idea of what is considered "manly"[D] tend to be more immoral than women are26. The third paragraph does NOT claim that men ______.[A] prevent women from taking up certain professions[B] secretly admire women's intellect and resolution[C] doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business[D] forbid women to join certain clubs and societies27. The third paragraph ______.[A] generally agrees with the first paragraph[B] has no connection with the first paragraph[C] repeats the argument of the second paragraph[D] contradicts the last paragraph28. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to ______.[A] show that men are stronger than women[B] carry further the ideas of the earlier paragraphs[C] support the first sentence of the same paragraph[D] disown the ideas he is expressing29. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph______.[A] is based on the study of archaeology[B] illustrates how people expect men to behave[C] is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant joke[D] proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer30. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the author ______.[A] approves of[B] argues is natural[C] completely rejects[D] expects to go on changingPART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE [10MIN] There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31. ______is the capital of Canada.[A] Vancouver[B] Ottawa[C] Montreal[D] York32. U.S. presidents normally serve a(n) ______ term.[A] two-year[B] four-year[C] six-year[D] eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?[A] Huston.[B] Boston.[C] Baltimore.[D] Philadelphia.34. ______ is the state church in England.[A] The Roman Catholic Church[B] The Baptist Church[C] The Protestant Church[D] The Church of England35. The novel Emnza is written by ______.[A] Mary Shelley[B] Charlotte Bronte[C] Elizabeth C. Gaskell[D] Jane Austen36. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?[A] William Wordsworth.[B] George Elliot.[C] George C. Byron.[D] Percy 8. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for______.[A] his poems[B] his plays[C] his short stories[D] his novels38. Syntax is the study of ______.[A] language functions[B] sentence structures[C] textual organization[D] word formation39. Which of ale following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?[A] Arbitrariness.[B] Productivity.[C] Cultural transmission.[D] Finiteness.40. The speech act theory was first put forward by ______.[A] John Searle[B] John Austin[C] Noam Chomsky[D] M.A.K HallidayPART ⅣPROOFREADDING & ERROR CORRECTION [15MIN] Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error, In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro-vided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "A" sign and write the word you believe tobe missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary, word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blank provided at theend of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year - much steeper than the current, verylow, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because ofa loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common (1) ______stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price thatmaximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and (2) ______increasingly the outlook of universities in the United States isindistinguishable from those of business firms. The rise in tuitions (3) ______may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the demand for (4) ______education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing (5) ______income from a job (this is primarily a factor in graduate- andprofessional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, the (6) ______more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to (7) ______students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, givingstudents a governance role, and eliminate required courses. (8) ______ Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students ascustomers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten (9) ______the rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost tothem of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumnidonations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher educationin order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And untilthey were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy Leagueschools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeingnot to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on (10) ______their best customer.PART ⅤTRANSLATION [60MIN] SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难：但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。

后9周学习安排：1.每周认真完成一期八级全真题(2004年-1996年)，参考八级课件用红笔订正。

每周作业本交给各班精读课老师批阅。

2.各期全真试题可从网上下载，如：2004年英语专业八级全真试题。

3.学期结束前安排一次模拟考试，模拟考试成绩计入本课程最终成绩。

TEM8 (2005)Part I Section A Mini-lecture1.basic steps2.raw materials3.head/mind4.facts and opinions5.report/explain/summarize/paraphrase6.objective7.The purpose8.ask questions/ask yourself questions9. a manageable size10.the topic itselfSection B1-5 CADBD 6-10 BDACBPart II Reading comprehension11-15 BDACD 16-20 BDAAC 21-25 ADBAC 26-30 BACBDPart III General Knowledge31. BVancouver: 温哥华，加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省西南部城市，重要港口、贸易、工业和铁路交通中心。

Ottawa: 渥太华，加拿大的首都，位于安大略省东南部Montreal: 蒙特利尔，加拿大魁北克省南部城市，加拿大最大城市和主要港口以及文化、商业和工业中心。

York: 约克，英格兰北部自治市/美国宾夕法尼亚州南部城市32. BU.S. president: 总统美利坚合众国的总统，同时为国家元首和政府首脑33. AHouston: 休斯顿，西北，美国得克萨斯州城市，航天工业中心。

Boston: 波士顿，美国马萨诸塞州首府和最大城市。

Baltimore: 巴尔的摩，马里兰州北部城市。

Philadelphia: 费城，美国宾夕法尼亚州最大的城市，1790年到1800年曾作为美国的首都。

英语专业8级试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. 根据所听内容，选择正确的答案。

A. 选项AB. 选项BC. 选项CD. 选项D[听力材料][问题][答案] B2. 根据对话内容，回答以下问题。

A. 问题1B. 问题2[听力材料][答案]A. 问题1的答案B. 问题2的答案二、阅读理解（共30分）1. 阅读以下文章，回答后面的问题。

[文章内容]A. 问题1B. 问题2A. 问题1的答案B. 问题2的答案2. 阅读第二篇文章，并完成以下任务。

[文章内容]A. 问题1B. 问题2[答案]A. 问题1的答案B. 问题2的答案三、词汇与语法（共20分）1. 选择适当的词汇填空。

[例句] The _______ of the building is impressive.A. scaleB. skillC. speedD. spirit[答案] A2. 根据语法规则，选择正确的选项。

[例句] _______ he is very young, he is very knowledgeable.A. ThoughB. SinceC. BecauseD. Unless四、翻译（共20分）1. 将以下句子从英语翻译成中文。

[英文句子][答案] [中文翻译]2. 将以下句子从中文翻译成英语。

[中文句子][答案] [英文翻译]五、写作（共10分）根据以下提示写一篇不少于200词的短文。

[写作提示][范文][评分标准]请注意：以上内容仅为试题及答案的排版格式示例，具体题目和答案需要根据实际考试内容进行填充。

2020年英语专业八级试题及答案（卷一）听力原文Part 1, Listening ComprehensionSECTION A MINI-LECTUREObserving BehaviourGood morning, everyone. Today we will look at how to observe behaviour in research.Perhaps you would say it is easy and there is nothing extraordinary. Yes, you may be right. Allof us observe behaviour every day. For example, when traveling in another country, we canavoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture. And failing to beobserving while walking or driving can be life-threatening.We learn by observing people's behaviour. Researchers too rely on their observations tolearn about behaviour,but there are differences. For instance, when we observe casually, wemay not be aware of factors that bias our observations, and, [1] and when we rarely keepformal records of our observations. Instead, we rely on our memory of events.[2]Observationsin research on the other hand are made under precisely defined conditions, that is, in asystematic and objective manner, and with careful record keeping.Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies, and what do weneed to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation? Now, as you remember,the primary goal ofobservation is to describe behaviour, but it is in reality impossible toobserve and describe all of a person's behaviour. So we have to rely on observing samples ofpeople's behaviour. Doing so, we must decide whether the samples represent people's usualbehaviour. Thus, we will first take a brief look at how researchers select samples of behaviour.Before conducting an observational study, researchers must make a number of importantdecisions, that's about when and where observations will be made. As I've said before, theresearcher cannot observe all behaviour. Only certain behaviours occurring at particulartimes, in specific settings can be observed. In other words, behaviour must be sampled. In thislecture, I will briefly introduce two kinds of sampling, that is, time sampling and situationsampling.Now first, time sampling. Time sampling means that researchers choose various timeintervals for their observation. Intervals may be selected systematically or randomly. Supposewe want to observe students' classroom behaviour. Then in systematic time sampling, ourobservations might be made during five 20-minute periods, beginning every hour. The firstobservation period could begin at 9 am, the second at 10 am and so forth. [3]However, inrandom sampling, these five 20-minute periods may be distributed randomly over the courseof the day. That is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary —some longerothers shorter. One point I'd like to make is systematic andrandom time sampling are notalways used in isolation. They are often combined in studies. For example, while observationintervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at randomtimes. That means the researcher might decide to observe only during 15-second intervals thatare randomly distributed within each 20-minute period.[4]Now let's come to situation sampling. Then, what is situation sampling? It involvesstudying behaviour in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions. Bysampling as many different situations as possible researchers can reduce the chance that theirobservation results will be peculiar to a certain set of circumstances and conditions. [5]Why?Because people or for that manner animals do not behave in exactly the same way across allsituations. For example, children do not always behave the same way with one parent as theydo with the other parent, and animals do not behave the same way in zoos as they do in thewild. [6]So, by sampling different situations, a researcher can make more objectiveobservations than he would in only a specific situation.[7]Having discussed ways to sample behaviour in research, we are now moving ontoanother issue, that is, what researchers should do to record behaviour as it occurs, that iswhether researchers are active or passive in recording behaviour. This refers to the methodsof observation.Observational methods can be classified as “observation with intervention”or “observation without intervention”. Observation with intervention can be made in at leasttwo ways, participant observation and field experiment. In participant observation,observers, that is researchers, play a dual role: They observe people's behaviour and theyparticipate actively in the situation they are observing. If individuals who are being observedknow that the observer is present to collect information about their behaviour, this isundisguised participant observation. But in disguised participant observation, those whoare being observed do not know that they are being observed.[8]Another method of observation with intervention is field experiment. What is a fieldexperiment? When an observer controls one or more conditions in a natural setting in order todetermine the effect on behaviour, this procedure is called field experiment. The fieldexperiment represents the most extreme form of intervention in observational methods. Theessential difference between field experiments and other observational methods is thatresearchers have more control in field experiments.Now let's take a look at observation without intervention.[9]Observation withoutintervention is also called naturalistic observation because its main purpose is to describebehaviour as it normally occurs, that is, in a natural setting, [10] without any attempt by theobserver tointervene. An observer using this method of observation acts as a passiverecorder of what occurs. The events occur naturally and are not controlled by the observer.OK, in today's lecture, we have focused on how to make decisions of sampling beforebeginning our observation, and what we can do during observation. I hope what we'vediscussed will help you in your future research design.SECTION B INTERVIEWM: People often wonder how the human brain creates, for example, a beautiful painting, asculpture or even a delicious dinner. Today we are honoured to have Dr. Nancy Andreasen, aneuroscientist at the University of Iowa on our talk show. Dr. Andreasen has recently written abook called The Creating Brain: The Neuroscience of Genius. In her book, she tackles thequestionand tries to look into the brain behind creativity.M: Dr. Andreasen, thanks for coming on our show.W: Pleasure.M: Now, Dr. Andreasen can we start with the question “What is creativity?”W: Well, creativity can be saying as a process. This process starts with a person, for examplean artist, musician, inventor or even someone who's trying to figure out a better way of doinga task at work or at home.[1]That person must think about the problem or, or their project inanovel way and then come up with a solution.M: Hmm, I see. But how long will it take for the person to find a solution as it were?W: Well, it depends. [12]The creative process can go by in a flash or it can take years. But theend result is invariably the production of something new and useful, such as the automobile,or something beautiful and artistic, such as a painting by Vincent van Gogh.M: Hmm, Dr. Andreasen, then do you think the ability to be creative is inborn or not?W: Well,no one knows yet if the ability to be creative, for example the ability to produce a hauntingsymphony is the result of the environment or a genetic makeup that allows people to becreative more easily. [2]However, creativity does seem to run in certain families.M: Is that so?W: Yes. You see, [2] Johann Sebastian Bach was the most famous member of the Bach family,but there were 20 other eminent musicians who came from the same family.M: That's very interesting. Now Dr. Andreasen,we've so far been talking about those famouscreative people like van Gogh or Bach who have produced great pieces of work. Does thatmean that creativity only resides in great people?W: No, certainly not. Creativity is not limited, I mean, to the masterpiece work of artbut can also be found in everyday tasks such as cooking or gardening.M: Oh, really?W: For example, a cook changes a recipe or even makes one up using ingredients he or shehas on hand to produce a new one. He is in fact using the creative process to create noveltaste sensations.M: So can we say both famous and ordinary people can be creative?W: Yes.M: Now Dr. Andreasen, can you describe to us what the actual creative process is?W: OK. Uh, [3] artists, musicians and writers often describe periods during which they'rerelying on ordinary creativity. For example, you know writers can spend hours at the keyboardputting thoughts together –this process is similar to the way people put together novel ideaswhen talking. And and many great artists also describe a dream-like state during which asymphony, a poem or the idea for the ending of a play comes to them in a flash.M: So what's going on in the brain during a flash of inspiration?W: Well, for the moment no one knows for sure, but but researchers suggest that creativepeople often slip into a zone in which ideas, uh, and thoughts come up freely in a sort ofdisorganized way. During that state a part of the brain becomes very active. And thatbrainregion is known to be able to link up ideas or or thoughts in potentially novel ways.M: I see. Another question, do you think there is a creative personality?W: Well, perhaps we can put it this way. Gifted people in the arts or science tend to enjoyadventure. They often like to explore new places or ideas. Uh, [4] they don't like beinghemmed in by rules or convention and,and they often look at problems from a different angle.Another point is,is they often have to move doggedly ahead on a project -- even when theoutside world rejects their art or new ideas.M: Dr. Andreasen, what about the role of the environment in the creative process?W: Environment does play a role. You see there have been hotbeds of creativity throughouthistory. For example, the city of Florence during the Renaissance period was home to bothLeonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Both men in fact came from families that didn't especiallyvalue creativity,yet someone noticed a spark of talent in them and both got the training andfinancial backing to produce extraordinary pieces of art.M: Uh,[5] since the environment helps in the creative process, are there ways for people tobuild a better, more creative brain?W: Well, [5] I suggest that you spend 30 minutes a day on acreativity workout.M: Oh, could you say a bit more about that?W: Yes, you do three things. First, explore an unfamiliar area of knowledge. For example,people who use a lot of math on the job should sign up for a painting class.M: And the second?W: The second is, spend time each day thinking. This means that you don't censor yourthoughts, but allow your mind to go freely to a problem and see what kind of solutions or ideascome up.M: Next thing?W: That is, practice the art of paying attention. Look for and really observe a person,an objector something in your daily commute that you hadn't noticed before. Try describing or drawingthat object in a journal or sketchbook.M: I hope that your advice will help people to train their brain to be creative. OK, thank youvery much Dr. Andreasen for talking on the show.W: Not at all.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews 1:NASA astronauts successfully installed a new ammonia pump on the International SpaceStation Monday during their third spacewalk to make the emergency repairs. The astronauts donot yet know whether theirefforts were enough to restore the space station's cooling systemto full capacity. It took three spacewalks totaling more than 22 hours, but astronauts DougWheelock and Tracy Caldwell Dyson managed to move the 350-kilogram replacement pumpinto position. They tightened bolts and made connections so ammonia could flow into themodule. NASA called the success “a big step in the right direction.”[6] The space station'scooling system has been running at half capacity for more than two weeks. On July 31, anammonia pump failed. Another module continued to pump coolant through a separate loop,but astronauts had to power down non-essential equipment to prevent overheating. Thespace station's deputy program manager, Kirk Shireman, said [6] the team did anoutstanding job coping with what he called “a major malfunction.”News 2:[8] Pediatricians from the U.S. University have taken a look at one measure of children's wellbeing in Egypt, the Philippines and India --- the extent to which children are subject to corporalpunishment and abuse. The data reveal interesting cultural differences about what seems tobe acceptable when it comes to physically disciplining children.”Among the things we learnedfor instance was that in India, slapping a child in the face or head is more common thanspanking them,”the researchers say. “And in Egypt, 25 percent of the mothers said that theyhad beatentheir child up, which was defined as hitting them over and over again with a closedfist.”[7] “And then the other interesting things were, like the Philippines, the rate of tellingpeople that evil spirits was going to get them, the kind of emotional, kind of threatening tolock them out of the home, was very high.”[8] However, despite the differences in punishmentmethods, some notable similarities have been found. For example, the education level ofmothers impacted how often they resorted to physical discipline. The more years of education,the lower the rate of harsh physical punishment in kids.News 3:Officials say Japan lost its place as the world's No. 2 Economy to China in the second quarter,as the island nation's economic growth slowed to a crawl. [9] Japan's Cabinet Office saidMonday that gross domestic product rose an annualized 0.4 percent in the three monthsended June 3, compared with a revised 4.4 percent expansion in the first quarter. [10]Monday's report said export growth slowed and consumer spending stalled. The expansionwas weaker than economists estimated, with their predictions ranging from 0.6 percent to 3.4percent. Analysts say China's economy will almost certainly be bigger than Japan's at the end ofthe year, because of the big difference in each country's growth rates. China is growing atabout 10 percent per year, while Japan's economy is forecast to grow three percent this year.SECTION A MINI-LECTURE听力真题In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You willhear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your noteswill not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another tenminutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet fornote-taking.Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, thereare differences in daily-life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation-casual-(1) ________-dependence on memory---- research observation- (2) _________- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______- definition: selection of different locations- reason: humans’or animals’behaviour (5) ______ acrosscircumstances- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______- (10) ______ : no intervention- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEW听力真题In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of theinterview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.B. appears to be the result of the environment.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOTmentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Critical.C. Resolute.D. Original.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. creativity can only be found in great people.D. the environment is significant in the creative process.SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST听力真题In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. A problem in the cooling system was solved.B. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.C. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.D. An international space station was set up.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. Egypt.C. The Philippines.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B.. To investigate ways of physical punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To expose cases of child abuse and punishmentQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____lessthan the first quarter.A. 4 percentB. 3 percentC. 0.6 percentD. 3.4 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.真题答案Section A Mini-lecture1: rarely formal records2: systematic objective manner3: variable4: situation sampling5: vary6: advantage7: as it occurs8: have more control9: in natural setting10: method InterviewSection B Interview1: creative people focus on novel thinking rather than solution2: comes from both environmental and genetic makeup3: two4: critical5: the environment is significant in the creative processSection C News Broadcast6: a problem in the cooling system was solved7: the Philippines8: to expose cases of child abuse and punishment9: 4 percent10: 2听力原文Part 1, Listening ComprehensionSECTION A MINI-LECTUREWhat Do Active Learners DoAbility for learning. Active learners tmderstand that the responsibility for learning mustcome from within, while passive learners often want to blame others for their lack ofmotivation, poor performance, time management problems and other difficulties that theymight experience. When active learners don't perform as well as they've hoped, they evaluatewhy they didn't do well and change those studying behaviors the next time. Passive learners,on the other hand, often approach evey. course in the same manner, and then get angrywithprofessors when their performance is poor. It is only when students accept the respon- sibilityfor their own learning that they can truly be called active learners.So, from what I have said so far, you can see that being an active learner involves both skilland will. By skill, I mean the tools to handle the studying and learning demands placed on you,like how to read with purpose, when and where to get assistance if you are having difficulty. Bywill, I mean the desire and motivation to follow through. Here I'd like to emphasize that skill isnothing without will. For example, you may have a friend who is knowledgeable, but notmotivated in the classroom, even though he reads widely and can intelligently discuss a varietyof issues, he does little school work and rarely studies. In other words, students, such asthese, may have the skills to do well, but for some reason, they simply do not have the will. Andbecause skill and will go hand in hand, unmotivated students, those who do not have the will,may experience difficulty in college.OK, today we discuss the differences between an active learner and a passive one, andsome useful study strategies that may eventually help you become an active learner.SECTION B INTERVIEWInterviewer: Good morning, Mr. West. Nice to have you on ore" program.Interviewee: Good morning.Interviewer: OK. We all work or very few people can get away with not working. Work is a factof life when we're adults. But before, there wasn't a lot of choice in the selection of work. Nowthings are different.With greater mobility, the mobility that is offered when people havegreater opportunities for higher education or training, more and more people are able to choosethe fields that interest them . They can and do have opinions about what makes one job forthem better than another job. So, Mr. West, what do people actually want from their jobs?What are workers' opinions, you know, about what makes one job better than another?Interviewee: Well, to answer your questions, I'd like to look at two polls, two surveys. Theywere both done in the 1990s. The purposes were to find out what issues or jobcharacteristics were especially important to workers.Interviewer: Umm. What were they?Interviewee: Some of you might guess that the answer is obvious.Interviewer: I think so.Interviewee: You might say "oh people just want higher salaries, more money." But let's see ifthat's true.Interviewer: OK.Interviewee: Now, the first poll. The first poll was taken in 1990, andthis poll askedrespondents to choose what was the most important to them among five items. And they wereonly allowed to choose one out of the five items.Interviewer: So what were the five items?Interviewee: Alright. The first item was important and meaningful work. The second was highincome. The third was chances for advancement, promotion and so on. The fourth item wasjob security, and the fifth was shorter work hours, OK?Interviewer: It would be interesting to know the survey results.Interviewee: Yes, now let me tell you the results. 50% considered important and meaningfulwork the most important characteristic of a job. They didn't choose high income. Interesting.Anyway, 24% did say high income was the most important characteristic of a job. Of theremaining, 16% said chances for advancement was most important. Maybe these were youngerworkers, starting out on a career. 6% said job security and fmally4% said shorter work hourswas most important.Interviewer: I think what's striking about the results is that by far workers valued importantand meaningful work as more important than any of the other characteristics, that includedsalary.Interviewee: Yeah. Now I'm going to tell you about another poll, and this poll was taken ayear later in 1991, and it asked the respondents to reflect on how important certain jobcharacteristics were in theirwork.And this is a different type of poll because whereas in thefirst poll, respon- dents had to choose only one out of five, in this poll they wanted theirrespondents to react to each item separately. You know, this is to rank each item as "notimportant", "somewhat important", "important" or "very important". So they have four choicesfor each item.Interviewer: Sorry to interrupt you. How many items altogether?Interviewee: Oh, the poll had 16 items. Let me give you a few examples.Interviewer: OK.Interviewee: The second item they asked about is interesting work. They asked howimportant is interesting work to you. And again, I'm just going to tell you about how manypeople said it was very important. In this case, 78% of the respondents ranked this as veryimportant to them.Interviewer: 78%?Interviewee: Yes, 78%. This is a key point, I think. One often sees people working for a lotless if they enjoy their work.Interviewer: That's true.Interviewee: The fourth item they asked about was opportunity to learn new skills. Howimportant is that to you? 68% ranked this as very important. And I think that goes again to theidea of interest level, personal satisfaction, and the idea that people want their work to bemeaningful.Interviewer: Definitely.Interviewee: Another item, item NO. 7, recognition from coworkers.. 62% of therespondents said that this was very important. It was important for them to be recognized, tobe respected, and acknowl- edged for the work they've done. And I see recognition as apsychological benefit. There's no monetary reward necessarily attached to it, althoughsometimes they could be. But more people are looking for the psychological reward in termsof appreciation.Interviewer: It seems to me that people value psychological reward a lot more than money.Interviewee: That's right. At least the poll result seemed to say so. Now, let's take a look atanother item, NO. 14.Interviewer: OK!Interviewee: NO. 14 was chances for promotion. 53% said that this was very important tothem. It was im portant to them to have opportunities for advancement, chances forpromotion. And I think this goes along with high income and recognition. That's both apsychological reward, promo tion, as well as a monetary reward.Interviewer: Umm.Interviewee: 15 is contact with a lot of people. Some people are very people-oriented, and52% said that this was very important to them.Interviewer: So we can see workers do have a lot of things that arevery huportant to them.Interviewee: Yes, but you can also see the variation in numbers. But a note of caution here.These are av erages, and polls talk about averages. But still I think it is important for employersto become more aware of polls like these because it might allow them to keep their workerssatisfied in ways that maybe they haven't thought of before.Interviewer: Yeah, OK. Thank you very much Mr. West for talking to us on the program.Interviewee: Pleasure.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews 1:A Moscow company is now marketing "Sleepboxes"-freestanding, mobile boxes with beds insidefor travelers stranded overnight, or those in need of a quick snooze . The Sleepboxes aremeant to be installed in airports and rented for 30 minutes to several hours at a time . ASleepbox is currently installed at the Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow. "We travela lot and many times we faced a problem of rest and privacy in airports," says co-designerMikhail Krymov of design firm Arch Group, who together with Alexei Goryainov came up with theidea of Sleepbox. "And as we are architects, we like to think of solutions." Measuring 1.4 meterswide, two meters in length and 2.3 meters in height, Sleepboxes star feature is a two-meter-long bed made of polymer。

05-14英语专业八级考试全真试题附答案（1）2005英语专业八级考试全真试题附答案PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. ___ is the capital city of Canada. _B__A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) ____ ____term. B_A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.? AA. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. ____ ____ is the state church in England. DA. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England注：The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written by DA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Bront?.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen.36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet? BA. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for CA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories.D. his novels38. Syntax is the study of BA. language functions.B. sentence structures.C. textual organization.D. word formation.a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.c. The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.d. Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? DA. Arbitrariness.B. Productivity.C. Cultural transmission.D. Finiteness.40. The speech act theory was first put forward by BA. John Searle.B. John Austin.C. Noam Chomsky.D. M.A.K. Halliday.2006年31.The Presidents during the American Civil War was BA. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand is CA.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers? AA.The AboriginesB.The MaoriC.The IndiansD.The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of DA.the Shadow CabinetB.the ParliamentC.the OppositionD.the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century? AA.T.S.Eliot/doc/436039183.html,wrenceC.Theodore DreiserD.James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell T olls is written by DA.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Eugene O'NeilD.Ernest Hemingway37. ___ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines_ B_A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of DA.referenceB.meaningC.antonymyD.context39.T he words"kid,child,offspring" are examples of BA.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonymsC.emotive synonymsD.collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by DA.HalliayB.ChomskyC.BloomfieldD.Saussure2007年31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT C A. the Anglos B. the CeltsC. the JutesD. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by DA. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general33. The Declaration of Independence was written by AA. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were CA. the Red IndiansB. the EskimosC. the AboriginesD. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte? DA. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) _ ___ poet and playwright. CA. AmericanB. CanadianC. IrishD. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by AC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. ____B___ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics39. The d istinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT DA. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic40.The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of AA. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning2008年31. The largest city in Canada is CA. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. TorontoD. Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in DA. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress.33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States? AA. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is DA. the President.B. the Governor-General.C. the British monarch,D. the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by B A. William Langland. B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American? CA. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT AA. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language? AA. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”? CA. A simple sentence.B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the /doc/436039183.html,40. Th e phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called DA. hyponymy.B. synonymy.C. polysemy.D. homonymy.2009年31. The Head of State of New Zealand is DA. the governor-general.B. the Prime Minister.C. the high commissioner.D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.32. The capital of Scotland is BA. Glasgow.B. Edinburgh.C. Manchester.D. London.33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President ? AA. Thomas Jefferson.B. George Washington.C. Thomas Paine.D. John Adams.34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia? CA. Perth.B. Adelaide.C. Sydney.D. Melbourne.35. Ode to the West Windwas written by DA. William Blake.B. William Wordsworth.C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge.D. Percy B. Shelley.36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse? BA. Ralph Waldo Emerson.B. Walt Whitman.C. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser.37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by CA. Thomas Hardy.B. John Galsworthy.C. D.H. Lawrence.D. James Joyce.38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is DA. corpus linguistics.B. sociolinguistics.C. theoretical linguistics.D. psycholinguistics.39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called CA. dialect.B. idiolect.C. pidgin.D. register.40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the Awindow, he is performingA. an illocutionary act.B. a perlocutionary act.C. a locutionary act.D. none of the above.2010年31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT? DA. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada is AA. Quebec.B. Vancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? DA. 1770.B. 1788.C. 1900.D. 1901.34. TheEmancipation Proclamationto end the slavery plantation system in the South ofthe U.S. was issued by AA. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.35. ______ is best known for the technique of _ C_ dramatic monologuein his poems..A. Will BlakeB. W.B. YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth36.The Financieris written by DA. Mark Twain.B. Henry James.C. William Faulkner.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as AA. allegory.B. sonnet.C. blank verse.D. rhyme.38. ____A____ refers to the learning and development of a language.A. Language acquisitionB. Language comprehensionC. Language productionD. Language instruction39. The word “Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of _____C___ inmorphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym40. La nguage is t tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway Serves BA. an expressive function.B. an informative function.C. a performative function.D. a persuasive function.2011年31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is ___ DA. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland32. It is generally agreed that ___ ___ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores. _ DA. the FrenchB. the GermansC. the BritishD. the Dutch33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf? AA. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Great Britain.D. The United States of America.34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution? BA. Thomas Jefferson.B. Thomas Paine.C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ____ ____ in the 20th-century England.DA. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century? AA. The Great Gatsby.B. The Sun Also Rises.C. The Sound and the Fury.D. Beyond the Horizon.2012年31. The Maori people are natives of DA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head of BA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day on AA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north by CA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana? DA. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury? AA. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an exa mple of CA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n) BA. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping? DA.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.2013年31 The full official name of Australia is DA. The Republic of Australia.B. The Union of Australia.C. The Federation ofAustralia. D. The Commonwealth of Australia.32. Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPT BA. its mineral resources.B. its heavy industries.C. its forest resources.D. its fertile and arable land.33. In the United States community college offer AA. two-year programmes.B. four-year programmes.C. postgraduate studies.D. B.A. or B.S. degrees.34. In ____, referenda in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottish parliament and a Wales assembly. _ D_A. 2000B. 1946C. 1990D. 199735. Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration? CA. A weak seat.B. Knock and kick.C. Safe and sound.D. Coal and boat.36. Who wrote Mrs. Warren?s profession? AA. George Bernard Shaw.B. William Butler Yeats.C. John Galsworthy.D. T.S. Eliot.37. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n) DA. autobiography.B. short story.C. poem.D. novel.38. Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme? BA. Unlock.B. Government.C. Goes.D. Off-stage.39. ___B_____is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to.A. CollocationB. OnomatopoeiaC. DenotationD. Assimilation2014年31. Which of the following is the French-speaking city in Canada? CA. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. Toronto32. Which of the following are natives of New Zealand? AA. The MaorisB. The AboriginalsC. The Red IndiansD. The Eskimos33. The established or national church in England is CA. the Roman Catholic ChurchB. the United Reformed ChurchC. the Anglican ChurchD. the Methodist Church34. The 13 former British colonies in North America declared independence from Great Britain in CA. 1774B. 1775C. 1776D. 177735. ―Grace under pressure‖ is an outstanding virtue of _ ___ heroes. BA. Scott Fitzgerald‘sB. Ernest Hemingway‘sC. Eugene O‘Neill‘sD. William Faulkner‘s36.Widowers’ House was written by BA. William Butler YeatsB. George Bernard ShawC. John GalsworthyD. T. S. Eliot37. Who wrote The Canterbury Tales? CA. William ShakespeareB. William BlakeC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. John Donne38. Which of the following pairs of words are homophones? DA. wind (v.) / wind (n.)B. suspect (v.) / suspect (n.)C. convict (v.) / convict (n.)D. bare (adj.) / bear (v.)39. Which of the following sentences has the ―S+V+O‖ structure? CA. He died a hero.B. I went to London.C. Mary enjoyed parties.D. She became angry.40. W hich of the following CAN NOT be used as an adverbial? AA. The lion‘s shareB. Heart and soul.C. Null and void.D. Hammer and tongs.。