英语过去式的变化
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英语学习者常用的动词过去式总结一、规则动词的过去式变化如下:1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed ,如:work---workedplay---playedwanted----wantedact----acted2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:live---livedmove----movedtaste---tastedhope---hoped3、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:study---studiedcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:beg---beggeddrip---drippeddot---dotteddrop---droppedstop---stopped二、不规则动词的过去式的构成(不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
)1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。
如:begin(开始)—begandrink(喝)—drankgive(给)—gavering(按铃)—rangsing(唱)—sangsit(坐)—satswim(游泳)—swam2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。
如:drive(驾车)—droveride(骑)—roderise(升起)--roseshine(发光)--shone/shinedwrite(写)—wrotewin(获胜)--won(这是闭音节的i改为o)3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。
如:grow(生长)—grewknow(知道)—knewthrow(扔)—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。
如:get(获得)—gotforget(忘记)—forgot5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。
如:feed(喂)—fedmeet(遇见)—met6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。
英语过去式规则
英语过去式有四种常见的规则:
1. 一般规则:在动词原形后加-ed。
而且大多数动词都适用此规则。
例如:work - worked, play - played, dance - danced
2. 以不发音的-e结尾的动词,只需要在末尾加-d。
例如:love - loved, live - lived, like - liked
3. 以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词,去掉y变为i,再加-ed。
例如:study - studied, carry - carried, try - tried
4. 以重读闭音节并以一个辅音字母结尾的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。
例如:stop - stopped, plan - planned, jog - jogged
此外,还有一些不规则动词的过去式需要特别记忆:
be - was/were, do - did, have - had, go - went, see - saw, eat - ate, drink - drank, sleep - slept, give - gave, take - took, come - came, write - wrote, speak - spoke, meet - met, think - thought, find - found, get - got, run - ran, fly - flew, bring - brought, buy - bought, catch - caught, teach - taught, read - read
需要注意的是,以上仅为常见的规则和不规则过去式,还有一些特殊的动词过去式变化需要以具体单词为准。
初中英语中动词过去式、过去分词的变形规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1)规则变化一般在动词原形后加-edlook -looked - looked call -called -calledopen -opened -opened need -needed-needed①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]②-ed在t、d后发音为[id]③但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写,为fixed.以-e结尾的动词加-dmove -moved -moved phone -phoned -phonedhope -hoped -hoped agree -agreed -agreed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-edstudy -studied - studied carry -carried-carried try -tried-tried 以元音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-edplay -played -played enjoy -enjoyed -enjoyed stay -stayed -stayed 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-edstop -stopped -stopped plan -planned -planned fit -fitted -fitted 以-r结尾的词,双写r字母,再加-edprefer -preferred -preferred refer-referred -referred2)不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
cut(切),hit(打),cast(扔),hurt(伤害),put(放),let(让)shut(关),cost(花费),set(放),rid(清除)2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。
find(找到)--found, found pay(支付)--paid, paid leave(离开)--left, left lend(借出)--lent, lent meet(遇见)--met, met keep(保持)--kept, keptlose(丢失)--lost, lost teach(教)--taught, taught sit(坐)--sat, satlead(引导)--led, led win(赢)--won, won3.动词原形与过去分词同形例:come(来)--came--come run(跑)--ran--run become(成为)--became--become 4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
am/is -- was -- beenare -- were -- beenbecome -- became -- becomebegin -- began -- begunbreak -- broke -- brokenbring -- brought -- broughtbuild -- built -- builtBurn -- bumed/bumt -- burned/burntbuy -- bought -- boughtcatch -- caught -- caughtcome -- came -- comecost -- cost -- costcut -- cut -- cutdo/does -- did -- donedraw -- drew -- drawn dream—dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt drink -- drank -- drunkdrive -- drove -- driveneat -- ate -- eatenfall -- fell -- fallenfeed -- fed -- fedfeel -- felt -- feltfight -- fought -- foughtfind -- found -- foundfly -- flew -- flownforget -- forgot -- forgotten,forgotget -- got -- gotten,gotgive -- gave -- givengo -- went -- gonegrow -- grew -- grownhave/has -- had -- hadhear -- heard -- heardhide -- hid -- hiddenhold -- held -- heldhurt -- hurt -- hurtkeep -- kept -- keptknow -- knew -- knownlearn -- learned/learnt -- learmed/learnt leave -- left -- leftlend -- lent -- lentlet -- let -- letlose -- lost -- lost make -- made -- mademean -- meant -- meantmeet -- met -- metpay -- paid -- paidput -- put -- putread -- read -- readride -- rode -- riddenring -- rang -- rungrise -- rose -- risenrun -- ran -- runsay -- said -- saidsee -- saw -- seensell -- sold -- soldset -- set -- setshake -- shook -- shakenshall -- should --show -- showed -- shown,showedshut -- shut -- shutsing -- sang -- sungsit -- sat -- satsleep -- slept -- sleptsmell -- smelled/smelt -- smelled/smelt speak -- spoke -- spokenspell -- spelt,spelled -- spelled,spelt spend -- spent -- spentstand -- stood -- stoodsteal -- stuck -- stuckstick -- stuck -- stuckswim -- swam -- swumtake -- took -- takentear -- tore -- torntell -- told -- toldthink -- thought -- thoughtthrow -- threw -- thrown understand -- understood -- understood wear -- wore -- wornwill -- wouldwin -- won -- wonwrite -- wrote -- written。