80C51单片机汇编语言程序设计

Chapter 4 Program Design of Assemble Language主讲教师：黄英Contents：4.1 Introduction of Assemble Language (2)4.1.1 Features (2)4.1.2 Format (2)4.2 Basic structures (2)4.2.1 Sequential program (2)4.2.2 Branching program (2)4.2.2.1 Single branching program (2)4.2.2.2. Multi-branching program (3)1．By using some CJNE instructions (3)2．By using “address table” (4)3．By using “jump instruction table” (4)4．By using stack operation (5)4.2.3 Circular Structure (5)4.3 Delay time Program (6)4.3.1 Single-cycle delay time program (6)4.3.2 Long delay time program （Multi-cycle） (6)4.3.3 Adjusting delay time range (6)4.3.4 Get different timing with basic delay program (6)4.4 Pseudoinstruction (7)4.5 How to edit and assemble the source program (7)4.1 Introduction of Assemble Language4.1.1 Features1． P roduces the optimized program.2． P rogrammer must be familiar with hardware. 3． M anage and control hardware directly . 4． N ot universal, can ’t be transplanted.4.1.2 Format （Detailed information: P77）[<Label>]: <opcode> [<operand>]; [<note>]4.2 Basic structures3 types:✧ Sequential Structure ✧ Branching Structure ✧ Circular Structure4.2.1 Sequential programFor example: 3-byte unsigned constants addition4.2.2 Branching program4.2.2.1 Single branching program·Using jump instructions ：P67-68: JZ, JNZ, CJNE, DJNZ （条件转移指令） P73-74: JC, JNC, JB, JNB, JBC （位控制转移指令）Assumed that: 50H~52H cells of internal RAM have three augends respectively （beginning with high bytes ）, 53H~55H cells of internal RAM have three addends respectively （beginning with high bytes ）.Requirement: Design a program to put the additionresult into 50H~52H cells （beginning with high bytes ）, and the carry bit into 20H bit of bit addressable area .MOV R0, #52H MOV R1, #55H ① MOV A, @R0ADD A, @R1 MOV @R0, A DEC R0 DEC R1② MOV A, @R0 ADDC A, @R1MOV @R0, ADECR0 （50H/51H/52H ）= 11H/22H/33H DEC R1 （53H/54H/55H ）= 77H/88H/99H ③ MOV A, @R0ADDC A, @R1 112233H MOV @R0, A + 778899H CLR AADDC A, #00H ? ④ MOV R0, #20H ?MOV @R0, A ?For example: Compare the valuesSTAR T: CLR C; clear the carry bitMOV DPTR, #ST1 ; set the data pointer MOV X A, @DPTRMOV R2, A ; put the 1stconstant into R2INC DPTR MOV X A, @DPTR ; put the 2st constant into ASUBB A, R2 ; A = A – R2= 2st - 1stJNC BIG1 ; if no carry, then the 2st constant is bigger . XCH A, R2 ; else 1st constant is bigger , and put into A BIG0: INC DPTR ; let DPTR points to the result cell. MOVX @DPTR, A ; save the bigger constant. RETBIG1: MOV X A, @DPTR ; put the 2st constant into ASJMP BIG04.2.2.2. Multi-branching program· Instruction Set has no multi-branching instruction. · 4 methods to realize multi-branching:1．By using some CJNE instructions 2．By using “address table ”3．By using “jump instruction table ” 4．By using stack operation1．By using some CJNE instructionsCJNEA, #data, rel ; put the branching number into A.For example: temperature control systemCJNE A, 55H, LOOP1 ; if T a ≠T55（upper value limit ），then j ump to LOOP1 AJMP FH ; T a ＝T55，j ump to main program FH （返回） LOOP1: JNC JW ; if CY ≠0，T a >T55, then j ump to JW （降温）CJNE A, 54H, LOOP2 ; if T a ≠T54（low er value limit ），then j ump to LOOP2 AJMP FH ; T a ＝T54，j ump to main program （FH ） LOOP2: JC SW ; if CY ＝1，T a <T54, then j ump to SW （升温）FH: RETAssumed that: There are three continuous cells （ST1, ST2, ST3）in the externalRAM where ST1 and ST2 have 8-bit unsigned binary constants respectively .Requirement: Design a program to find the bigger constant , and put it into ST3 cell.Assumed that: There is a temperature control system, which current temperature value （Ta ） is saved in A . The lower value limit （T54）of temperature control is saved in the internal RAM cell 54H , The upper value limit （T55）of temperature control is saved in the internal RAM cell 55H .Requirement: Design a program to control temperature under the conditions: If Ta > T55, then executes the temperature-down processing subprogram （JW ）; If Ta < T54, then executes the temperature-up processing subprogram （SW ）; If T55≥Ta ≥T54, then returns to the main program （FH ）.2．By using “offset address table ”Step:（1）Set up a “offset address table ”（2）Using instruction: JMP @A+DPTRwhere: Offset table base address → DPTR Offset → A （offset value =BR0/BR1/BR2/BR3 - BRTAB ）R3: 00, 01, 02, 03 MOV A, R3 ; put the branching number into AMOV DPTR, # BRT AB ; let DPTR point to base address of offset table MOVC A, @A+DPTR ; fetch the offset v alue.JMP @A+DPTR ; j ump to the corresponding subroutine. （A is offset value, DPTR is the address of BRT AB ）; PC = A+DPTR BRT AB: DBBR0_BRTAB ; offset value of BR0 DB BR1_BRTAB ; offset value of BR1 DB BR2_BRTAB ; offset value of BR2 DBBR3_BRTAB; offset value of BR3BR0: MOV A, @R0 ; 00 ; fetch data from internal RAM to A （R0 saves low 8-bit address ） SJMP DONE ; stopBR1: MOV X A, @R0; 01; fetch data from ext ernal RA M （low er 256B ）to A （R0 saves low 8-bit address ） SJMP DONE; stopBR2: MOV A, R1; 02; put high address into A < 4K = 212 = 24·28 > （R1 saves high 8-bit address ） ANL A, #0FH ; fetch low 4-bit from high address, and clear high 4-bit. ANL P2, #0F0H ; fetch high 4-bit from P2 port, and clear low 4-bit of P2 ORL P2, A ; not change high 4-bit of P2, and send low 4-bit of P2MOV X A, @R0 ; fetch data from external RAM （4KB ）to A （R0 sav es low 8-bit address ）SJMP DONE; stopBR3: MOV DPL, R0; 03; put low 8-bit address of ext ernal RA M to DPL MOV DPH, R1 ; put high 8-bit address of external RAM to DPHMOV X A, @DPTR; fetch data from external RAM （64KB ）to A DONE : SJMP $; stop3．By using “jump instruction table ” For example:R3: 00, 01, 02, 03, … MOV A, R3 ; put the branching number into A RL A ; A = branching number × 2 MOV DPTR, # BRT AB ; let DPTR point to base address of offset table JMP @A+DPTR ; j ump to the corresponding subroutine, PC = A+DPTR BRT AB: AJMP ROUT0 ; j ump to ROUT0 AJMP ROUT1 ; j ump to ROUT1 AJMP ROUT2 ; j ump to ROUT2AJMP ROUT3 ; j ump to ROUT3 … AJMP ROUTn ; j ump to ROUTnWhy “RL A ” ?When R3 = 00, need j ump to BRT AB + 0, so A = 00, When R3 = 01, need j ump to BRT AB + 2, so A = 02, When R3 = 02, need j ump to BRT AB + 4, so A = 04, When R3 = 03, need j ump to BRT AB + 6, so A = 06.Assumed that: R3 saves branching number. BRTAB denotes the base address of jump instruction table.Requirement: Design a program to realize multi-branching. Offset table （offset value=BR0/BR1/BR2/BR3 - BRTAB ）Jump instruction table4．By using stack operationSteps: （1）Put the 16-bit address into stack（2）Using RET instruction to get PC value from stack For example:·R3: 00, 01, 02, 03 MOV DPTR, # BRT AB ; let DPTR point to base address of offset table MOV A, R3 ; put the branching number into A RL A ; A = branching number × 2 MOV R1, A ; R1 = 2·R3 INC A ; A = 2·R 3 + 1 MOVC A , @A +DPTR ; fetch low 8-bit address to A PUSH ACC ; and put low 8-bit address into Stack. MOV A, R 1 MOVC A , @A +DPTR ; fetch high 8-bit address to A PUSH ACC ; and put it into Stack. RET ; set PC value from stack. Get high 8-bit address first, and then low 8-bit address . BRT AB: DW BR0 ; 16-bit address of branching subroutine 0DW BR1 ; 16-bit address of branching subroutine 1 DW BR2 ; 16-bit address of branching subroutine 2 DW BR3 ; 16-bit address of branching subroutine 3 …DW BRn ; 16-bit address of branching subroutine n4.2.3 Circular StructureMethod: Using conditional jump instructions.For example:MOV R2, #0FFH ; set the initial value of the length counter. MOV R0, #3FH ; set the initial value of the string pointer. LOOP: INC R2 ; R2 = 00H, 01H,… INC R0 ; R0 = 40H, 41H,…CJNE @R0, #0DH , LOOPRETAssumed that: R3 saves branching number .BRTAB denotes the base address of jump instruction table.Requirement: Design a program to realize multi-branching.Assumed that: There is a character string that adopts “Enter ” symbol as the ending flag. This string is saved in the internal RAM beginning with 40H cell. Requirement: Design a program to get the length of this string.16-bit address t able. Pay attention to the operation of DW!4.3 Delay time Program4.3.1 Single-cycle delay time programMOV R5, #TIME; 1LOOP: NOP ; 1 NOP ; 1 DJNZ R5, LOOP ; 2If f osc = 6MHz, then machine cycle T M ：So total delay time: T max =1＋（1＋1＋2）×2us ×TIME; TIME = 00H-FFH, 0-255, cycles 265 times=1＋（1＋1＋2）×2us ×256 = 1＋2048 = 2049us4.3.2 Long delay time program （Multi-cycle ）MOVR5, #TIME1 ; 1LOOP2:MOV R4, #TIME2 ; 1 LOOP1:NOP; 1 NOP ; 1 DJNZ R4, LOOP1 ; 2 DJNZ R5, LOOP2 ; 2 RET; 2If f osc = 6MHz, then total delay time T max : T max = 1＋（（1＋（1＋1＋2）×256＋2）×256）＋ 2 ）× 2us = 1+ 525828 = 525829us4.3.3 Adjusting delay time range·by adding or deleting instructions that don ’t affect program function.MOV R0, #TIME1LOOP:ADD A, R1 ; 1 INC DPTR; 2DJNZ R0, LOOP; 2If f osc = 6MHz, then the delay time T of the cycle body is as follow :T = （1＋2＋2）×2us ×TIME = 10×TIME （us ） MOV R0, #TIME1LOOP: ADD A, R1 ; 1 INC DPTR ; 2 NOP; 1DJNZ R0, LOOP; 2If f osc = 6MHz, then the delay time T of the cycle body is as follow :T = （1＋2＋1＋2）×2us ×TIME = 12×TIME （us ）4.3.4 Get different timing with basic delay programMOV R0, #05H; 5s delay time LOOP1:LCALL DELA Y; 1s delay time DJNZ R0, LOOP1MOV R0, #0A H; 10s delay time LOOP2:LCALL DELA Y; 1s delay time DJNZ R0, LOOP2MOV R0, #14H; 20s delay time LOOP3:LCALL DELA Y ; 1s delay time DJNZ R0, LOOP32us126MHz1T M =⨯=4.4 Pseudoinstruction7 pseudoinstructions:ORG, END, EQU, DB, DW, DS, BIT（Read P93）Note: DB, DW, and DS are only used for program memory.4.5 How to edit and assemble the source program·hand assemble·Machine edit: get source program: *. asm·Across assembleHome Work of Chapter 4P98 （一）1、4 （二）6。

课程名称：单片机及应用第四章第四章80C51汇编语言程序设计一、基本要求1．1．了解汇编语言源程序的格式2．熟悉常用的伪指令3．掌握简单程序、分支程序、循环程序、查表程序和子程序等结构程序的设计二、知识点导学4．3 汇编语言程序举例用汇编语言进行程序设计的过程跟用高级语言进行程序设计很相似。

对于比较复杂的问题可以先根据题目的要求作出流程图，然后再根据流程图来编写程序。

对于比较简单的问题则可以不用流程图而直接编程。

当然，两者的差别还是很大的。

一个很重要的差别就在于用汇编语言编程时，对于数据的存放位置，以及工作单元的安排等都要由编程者自己安排。

而用高级语言编程时，这些问题都是由计算机安排的，编程者则不必过问。

例如MCS-51中有八个工作寄存器R0-R7，而只有R0和R1可以用于变址寻址指令。

因此，编程者就要考虑哪些变量存放在哪个寄存器，以及R0和R1这样可变址寻址的寄存器若不够用又如何处理等等。

这些问题的处理和掌握，将是编程的关键之一。

希望通过实践注意掌握。

这一节中将介绍一些汇编语言设计的实例及一些程序设计的方法。

一、简单程序简单程序是指一种无分支的直接程序，即从第一条指令开始依次执行每一条指令，直到最后一条，程序就算完毕。

这种程序虽然比较简单，但也能完成一定的功能，并且往往也是构成复杂程序的基础。

例1 将一个字节内的两个BCD十进制数拆开并变成相应的ASCII码，存入两个RAM单元。

解：设两个BCD数已放在内部RAM的20H单元，变换后的ASCII码放在21H和22H单元并让高位十进制BCD数存放在21H单元。

在上一章中曾举例用SW AP指令来将两个BCD数合在一个字节内。

拆字时也可以用SW AP 指令，并且借助于半字节交换指令XCHD，就不难完成所规定的功能。

数字0～9的ASCII码为30H～39H。

完成拆字转换只需将一个字节内的两个BCD数拆开放到另两个单元的低4位，并在其高4位赋以0011即可。