下载文档原格式
课题4 化学式与化合价一、选择题1．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）下列化学用语的含义描述正确的是（ ） A ．SO 2可表示二氧化硫这种物质 B ．N 2表示两个氮原子C ．Mg 2+表示镁元素的化合价为+2价D ．H 2O 2表示过氧化氢由氢气和氧气组成【答案】A【解析】A 、SO 2可表示：①二氧化硫这种物质，②一个二氧化硫分子，③二氧化硫由硫元素和氧元素组成等，正确；B 、N 2表示：①氮气这种物质，②一个氮气分子等，两个氮原子表示为2N ，错误；C 、元素符合右上角数字表示一个离子所带电荷数值，Mg 2+表示一个镁离子带两个单位正电荷，错误；D 、物质由元素组成，H 2O 2表示过氧化氢由氢元素和氧元素组成，H 2O 2是纯净物，不含其他分子，错误。
故选A 。
2．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）下列符号中，表示2个氮分子的是（ ） A ．2N 2 B ．2NC ．N 2D ．2N 2O【答案】A【解析】分子用化学式来表示，在化学式前加上数字表示分子的个数，故2个氮分子表示为2N 2，则A 选项正确；故答案为A 。
3．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）“宏观-微观-符号”相结合是化学学科独有的思维方式。
下列化学用语书写不正确的是（ ） A ．2个氧原子2O B ．2个氢分子22HC ．钠离子NaD ．氧化铜CuO【答案】A【解析】A 、原子的表示方法，用元素符号来表示一个原子，表示多个该原子，就在其元素符号前加上相应的数字。
2个氧原子表示为2O ，故A 不正确；B 、分子的表示方法，正确书写物质的化学式，表示多个该分子，就在其化学式前加上相应的数字。
2个氢分子表示为2H 2，故B 正确；C 、离子的表示方法，在表示该离子的元素符号右上角，标出该离子所带的正负电荷数，数字在前，正负符号在后，带1个电荷时，1要省略，若表示多个该离子，就在其离子符号前加上相应的数字。
方程式素材库(共55页)总目录一、无机化学方程式二、热化学方程式三、有机反应方程式四、离子方程式五、电极方程式-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------分目录表一、无机化学方程式 (6)A (6)Ag (6)Al (6)Al (6)AlO、Al(OH) ....................................................................................................... 6 323铝盐 (7)As (7)B (7)Ba (7)Be (7)Br (8)C (8)C (8)C (8)CO (9)CO (9)2Ca (9)Cl (10)Cu (10)F (11)F (11)2Fe (11)Fe (11)FeO (12)FeO ....................................................................................................................... 12 32FeO21 ....................................................................................................................... 43．Fe(OH)、Fe(OH) (12)32FeCl (12)2FeCl (12)3FeS (13)其它Fe化合物 (13)H (13)H (13)2Hg (13)HF (13)HCl (13)HBr (14)HI (14)HO (14)2HO (14)22HS (15)2HCO (15)32HClO (15)HNO (15)3HPO (16)43HSO (16)32HSO (17)42I (18)K (18)K (18)KO、KO (18)222KOH (18)KCO (18)32KHCO (19)3KClO (19)KAl(SO) (19)24KMnO (19)4KSCN (19)KH (20)L (20)Li (20)LiO (20)2LiOH (20)LiCO (20)32LiHCO (20)3M (21)Mg (21)MgO (21)Mg(OH)12 ......................................................................................................................... 2．MgCO (21)3Mg(HCO) (21)23MgSO (22)4MnO (22)2N (22)N .................................................................................................................................... 22 2NO、NO、NO .. (22)522NH ................................................................................................................................. 22 3NHHCO、(NH)CO .. (23)32344NHCl (23)4NHNO .......................................................................................................................... 23 34(NH)SO、(NH)SO .................................................................................................. 24 424342Na、NaO、NaO (24)222NaH (24)NaOH (24)NaAlO ............................................................................................................................ 25 2NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、NaI (25)NaCO、NaHCO ......................................................................................................... 25 323NaNO、NaNO ............................................................................................................. 26 23NaPO、NaHPO、NaHPO ...................................................................................... 26 422344NaS、NaHS ................................................................................................................... 26 2NaSO、NaSO、NaSO (26)3324222NaSiO (27)32CHONa (27)56O (27)O (27)2O (28)3P (28)PO、PO ..................................................................................................................... 28 5322Pb、PbO ........................................................................................................................ 28 2铅盐 (29)R (29)S (29)S (29)SO (29)2SO (30)3Si (30)SiO (30)2Z (31)Zn (31)ZnO (31)Zn(OH) (31)223........................................................................................................................ . 二、热化学方程式B (32)C (32)H (32)N (33)P (33)S (33)三、有机反应方程式 (34)(一)、烷烃 (34)(二)、烯烃 (34)(三)、炔烃 (34)(四)、芳香烃 (34)(五)、石油 (35)(六)、卤代烃 (35)(七)、醇类 (35)(八)、酚类 (36)(九)、醛类 (36)(十)、羧酸 (36)(十一)、糖类 (37)(十二)、油脂 (37)(十三)、氨基酸 (38)四、离子反应方程式 (38)A (38)Al (38)Ag (39)As (40)B (40)Ba (40)C (40)C (40)Ca (41)Cl (41)CN (42)Cr (42)Cu (42)CxHyOz (42)F (43)F (43)2Fe (43)H (44)+ (44)HHO (44)2HO ................................................................................................................................ 44 22HCO5 4.................................................................................................................... . 系列32．HPO系列..................................................................................................................... 45 43HS系列......................................................................................................................... 46 2HSO系列 (46)32I (46)L (47)M (47)Mg (47)Mn (47)N (48)Na (48)NN系列 (48)3-- ..................................................................................................................... 、NO4NO832O (48)P (49)S (49)S (49)Si (50)Z (50)五、电极反应方程式 (51)(一)、原电池电极反应方程式 (51)1．Cu─HSO─Zn原电池.......................................................................................... 51 422．Cu─FeCl ─C原电池............................................................................................. 51 33．钢铁在潮湿的空气中发生吸氧腐蚀.. (51)4．氢氧燃料电池（中性介质） (51)5．氢氧燃料电池（酸性介质） (52)6．氢氧燃料电池（碱性介质） (52)7．铅蓄电池（放电） (52)8．Al─NaOH─Mg原电池 (52)9．CH燃料电池(碱性介质) ......................................................................................... 52 410．熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 (52)11．银锌纽扣电池(碱性介质) (53)(二)、电解电极反应方程式 (53)1．电解CuCl溶液....................................................................................................... 53 22．电解精炼铜 (53)3．电镀铜 (53)4．电解饱和食盐水 (53)5．电解HCl溶液 (54)6．电解NaOH溶液 (54)7．电解HSO溶液...................................................................................................... 54 428．电解KNO 溶液....................................................................................................... 54 39．电解CuSO溶液...................................................................................................... 54 410．电解AgNO溶液................................................................................................... 54 311．铅蓄电池充电 (55)分正文部一、无机化学方程式A Ag↑+HO+NOAgNOAg+2HNO(浓)＝2332)↑(见光或受热2Ag + Cl2AgCl＝2AgBr↓+ NaNOAgNO + NaCl ＝AgCl↓+ NaNOAgNO + NaBr＝3333+ NaNO + NaI AgNO＝AgI↓33 +2HNO2AgNO+HS＝AgS↓3232+3AgNOAgPO+3HNO＝HPO343343Al）Al（两性△△点燃2AlClAl+3OO2Al(纯氧) S2Al+3SAl 2Al+3Cl3322232 -1 mol(气) ＝2AlO固) + 3349.3 kJ·(4Al(固) + 3O322高温高温O 2Al+Cr 4Al+3MnOO2AlAl+2Cr O+3Mn 3232232 △高温+3FeO 2Al+FeO Al2Al+3FeOAlO+2Fe 3322232Al+3H↑↑+3H＝2Al + 6HCl = 2AlCl + 3HAl(SO)SO22233244△↑+6H) (浓2Al+6HSOO +3SO(SOAl)4222432+NO↑+2HO (Al、Fe在冷、浓的HSO、)Al+4HNO(稀)＝Al(NOHNO中钝化) 3433322↑+3H2NaAlO2Al+2NaOH+2HO＝222AlO、Al(OH)（两性）323AlO+3HSO＝Al(SO)+3HO (AlO)是两性氧化物3223424232．O +H+2NaOH＝2NaAlO Al O2322△OO2Al(OH)+3HAl2233O +6H=Al(SO) 2Al(OH)+3HSO+3HCl=AlCl+3HO Al(OH)2322343342O +2H+NaOH＝NaAlO Al(OH)232铝盐↓+3NaCl)OHAlCl+3NaOH＝Al(33+3NH↓Cl＝Al(OH)AlCl+3NH·HO43233+6NaCl ↑↓+3CO2Al(OH)+3NaCO+3HO＝2AlCl222333↑↓+3COAl(OH)AlCl＝+3NaHCO2333↓4Al(OH)＝AlCl+3NaAlO+ 6HO3232] + 3NaCl Na[Al(OH) + 4NaOH ＝AlCl43+3H↓↑O＝2Al(OH)S(SOAl)+3NaS+ 6H2433222↑↓+ 3CH 4Al(OH)＝+ 12HO AlC42343As+ 6ZnCl↑O+ 6Zn + 12HCl ＝2AsH + 3HAsO23322+ 28NO↑AsO + 9HSO 6HS + 28HNO(稀) + 4HO ＝3As43234232 + 8H↑O+ 3HSO + 28NO + 28HNO(浓) ＝2HAsOAsS222442333BBaBa(OH) + CO ＝BaCO↓+ HO Ba(OH) + 2CO(过量) ＝Ba(HCO) 22223232Ba(OH)+ HSO＝BaSO↓+ 2HO 3Ba(OH)+ 2HPO ＝Ba(PO)↓+ 6HO 222442223433BaCl + HSO ＝BaSO↓+ 2HCl BaCl + NaSO ＝BaSO↓+ 2NaCl42224244BaCO+2HCl=BaCl+CO↑+HO BaCO+2HNO=Ba(NO)+CO↑+HOBe2332223223BaO+HSO(稀)＝BaSO↓+HO) 242224Be+2HCl=BaCl+H↑Be+2NaOH= NaBO+H ↑22222．O+2HBeCl+2NaOH=Be(OH)↓222OBO+2H Be(OH)+2NaOH=NaO Be(OH)+2HCl=BeCl+2H 2222222Br△+ Fe Br＝FeBrBr +H 2HBr 3222＝HBr + I + HI＝NaBr + I Br + NaI Br + 2FeBr ＝2FeBr Br2223222HBr + HBrOO ＝Br + H22 O NaBr + NaBrO + HBr + NaOH＝22 +2HBrSOBr+SO +2HO＝H42222+2HBrBr+HS＝S↓22↑2NaHCO + 2NaBrO + 2NaBr + CO + 3NaCO + HO ＝2Br222323 C少量)2C+O(2点燃CO(C+O足量)22△2COC+CO2高温OC+HCO+H(生成水煤气)22△)Si+2CO(2C+SiO制得粗硅2△△CSC+Si C +2SsiC(金刚砂) 2电炉CaC+CO3C+CaO↑ 2电炉↑SiC+2CO3C+SiO 2△)SO↑+2HOC+2H(浓CO↑+2SO 42222△)(CO↑+4NO↑+2HOC +4HNO浓3222CO点燃2CO+O2CO22△CO+CuOCu+CO 2△O3CO+Fe2Fe+3CO 322催化剂+HOCO+HCO 222 △CO2点燃2MgO+C+2MgCO 2CO＝HCO+HO 3222O CO+H)＝NaCO+2NaOH(过量2223＝NaHCO(过量)+NaOHCO32O +H＝CaCO ↓CO+Ca(OH)(过量)2223 ))+Ca(OH)＝Ca(HCO2CO(过量2232 CO↓+Na+3HCO+2NaAlOO＝2Al(OH)322223 OH+NaHCOCH+CHONa+HO＝CO3656225CO＝NaOCO+Na 3222 CO+O+2NaO＝2Na2CO222223)侯氏制碱法↓NaHCO+NHCl(CO+NH+NaCl+HO＝42323Ca高温CaSiO CaO+SiO CaO+HO=Ca(OH) 32222Ca(OH)+2Cl＝CaCl+Ca(ClO)+2HO Ca(OH) +SO＝CaSO+HO 222222243CaCO+2HNO＝Ca(NO)+HO+CO ↑222333．) 等还原性气体、(SO)和浓HNOHSO不能制备HS、HI、HBr(用24322高温CaSiO+CO↑CaCO+SiO 2233)＝CaSO+2HF↑CaF+HSO(浓42242CaSO+Ca(HPO)Ca(PO)+2HSO(浓)＝SOCa(PO)+3H(浓)＝3CaSO+2HPO 23444344322244422) PO)(重钙Ca(PO)+4HPO＝3Ca(H23344422↑Ca(OH)+2H＝CaH+2HO2222Cl2NaCl Cl +2NaCl +H ＝2HCl (光照或点燃) 222PCl 3Cl +2P2PClCl +PCl 52323Cl +CuCuCl 2FeCl +2Fe3Cl 2223 2NaCl+Br 2Cl+2NaBr＝Cl +2FeCl ＝2FeCl 22232+10HCl +I+6HO＝2HIO* 5Cl Cl + 2KI ＝2KCl + I 322222 S＝2HCl+S↓Cl +H＝Cl +NaS2NaCl+S↓2222 +2HCl HSO Cl+HSO+ HO＝Cl+SO +2HO＝HSO +2HCl 42322222224＝2HCl+O Cl +HOCl+HO＝HCl +HClO 222222O +2H 2Cl+2Ca(OH)＝CaCl+Ca(ClO)＝NaCl+NaClO+HO+2NaOHCl2222222＝)5KCl+KClO+3HO 3Cl +6KOH(热、浓2232Cu +O 2222△3CuO+2NH O 3Cu+N+3H 322O CuSO+H CuO+HSO＝+HCuO+2HCl＝CuClO 222424O +2HSO＝CuSO+H Cu(OH) O +2HCuCl+2HClCu(OH)＝24422222△CuO + HO Cu(OH)22+2NaCl ↓+2NaOH＝Cu(OH) CuCl+HCuClS＝CuS↓+2HCl 2222↓+NaSO CuSO+2NaOH＝Cu(OH) SCuSO+H＝CuS↓+HSO 42424224↓+BaSO↓CuSO+Ba(OH)＝Cu(OH)4242FF22F + 2HO = 4HF + O F + H = 2HF 22222Fe Fe点燃点燃3Fe + 2O 2Fe + 3ClOFe2FeCl 42233△2FeBr 2Fe+3Br＝FeS Fe +S32△△FeSFe+S FeI Fe+I 22高温O(g)FeO+4H Fe+2HCl3Fe+4H＝FeCl+H↑223242Fe+CuCl＝FeCl+Cu Fe+SnCl＝FeCl+SnCl 22224Fe + HS＝FeS+H↑222Fe +6HSO(浓)＝Fe(SO)+3SO↑+6HO 2222443Fe +HSO(稀)＝FeSO+H↑2424Fe +6HNO＝Fe(NO)+3NO↑+3HO 23332Fe +4HNO＝Fe(NO)+NO↑+2HO 23338Fe +30HNO＝8Fe(NO)+3NO↑+15HO 2323310Fe +36HNO ＝10Fe(NO)+3N↑+18HO 223338Fe +30HNO＝8Fe(NO)+3NHNO+9HO 243333Fe(Al) +HSO 室温下钝化)浓(42．Fe＝Cu + (CHCOO)Fe + (CHCOO)Cu 2332FeO△△2FeO 6FeO+O+3Fe 3FeO + 2AlAlO42233O ＝Fe(NO)+NO↑+2HFeO+4HNO23332Fe O32△高温+O3CO2Fe+3CO FeO +2Al Fe AlO+2Fe 2333222O +3HO+6HCl＝2FeCl＝2Fe+3HO (制还原铁粉) Fe+3HFeO23222323O Fe43△△O+8HCl(浓)+2FeCl+4HFeClFe O+4H3Fe+4HO FeO242332423、Fe(OH)Fe(OH)32△2Fe(OH)Fe + 2HO == 4 Fe(OH) O+3HO4Fe(OH) + O22233232FeCl22FeCl + Cl＝2FeCl FeCl+Mg＝Fe+MgCl 22322FeCl32FeCl+Fe＝3FeCl 2FeCl+Cu＝2FeCl+CuCl(用于雕刻铜线路版) 222332FeCl+HSO+HO＝HSO+2FeCl+2HCl23232242FeCl+Zn＝2FeCl+ZnCl 2FeCl+HS＝2FeCl+2HCl+S↓2222332FeCl+2KI＝2FeCl+2KCl+I 232FeCl+3NH·HO＝Fe(OH)↓+3NHCl433232FeCl+3NaCO+3HO＝2Fe(OH)↓+3CO↑+6NaCl 222333FeCl+3NaHCO＝Fe(OH)↓+3CO↑23332FeCl + SO + 2HO ＝2FeCl + HSO + 2HCl BaCl + HSO ＝BaSO↓+ 2HCl 4224222324FeCl + 3KSCN == Fe(SCN) + 3KCl33．FeS S↑FeS + HS↑+ H == FeSOSOFeS + 2HCl == FeCl + H242242== 2FeO +8SO4FeS + 11O22222其它Fe化合物) (较难反应FeSOFe(SO)+2Ag＝+AgSO434422 +Ag 不反应Fe(NO)33HH2) 爆炸冷暗处H +F ＝2HF (22＝2HCl (光照或点燃) H+Cl 22△催化剂+S H HS3H +N 2NH 22322高温高压△△纯+SiCl 2H )+4HClSi(6H 4PH+P 422432NaH＝H+2Na2O (O3H+Fe＝2Fe+3H制还原铁粉) 2322△△OSi+2H +SiO 4H 3Fe+4HO+FeO 2H 2222234HgO ↑+ 2NO)) = 3Hg(NO(3Hg + 8HNO稀+ 4H22323O↑+ 2NO)) = Hg(NO(Hg + 4HNO浓+ 2H22323HF O+2H＝SiF4HF+SiO242HCl↑+3H2AlCl＝6HCl +2Al +H FeCl2HCl +Fe ＝↑2223．△△O+2H 4HCl(g)+O2ClMnCl+Cl+2HO 4HCl(浓)+MnO2222222O+8H2KCl+2MnCl+5Cl16HCl+2KMnO＝2224) 白烟NHCl(O HCl +NH＝+7H14HCl+KCrO＝2KCl+2CrCl+3Cl42232372O 2FeCl+3H 6HCl +FeO＝＝2HCl +FeOFeCl+3HO 222332△+NaCl＝NaHPOO HCl +NaPOFeCl+2FeCl+4HO 8HCl(浓) +Fe424433322+NaCl HPO HCl +NaHPO＝+NaCl PO HCl +NaHPO＝NaH42322444 NaCl+HO+CO HCl +NaHCO＝+NaCl HCl +NaCO＝NaHCO 233232HBr O HBr + NaOH = NaBr + H2= 2HCl + Br2HBr + Cl22HI△H2HI+I22OHI + NaOH = NaI + H 2HI + Cl = 2HCl + I 222HO2HCl+HClO ＝Cl+HO +2H2FO＝4HF+O 22222↑O＝Mg(OH)+H Mg+2H2NaOH+H2Na+2HO＝↑22222电解高温O2H +4H O 3Fe+4H O(g)Fe2H↑+O2234222SO+HO＝HSO SO+HO＝HSO 432322223NO+HO＝2HNO+NONO+HO＝2HNO 3523222PO+HO(冷)＝2HPO PO+3HO(热)＝2HPO 423225253CO+HO＝HCO 3222HO222HO＝2HO+O↑HO + Cl＝2HCl+O 222222225HO +2KMnO + 6HCl ＝2MnCl + 2KCl + 5O↑+ 8HO222422．SH2MgS+HHS + Mg＝↓HS + Cl＝2HCl+S 2222O 2S+2H少量)＝2HS+O(＝S+3O(足量)2SO+2HO 2H2222222O ↓+SO+2HSO(浓)＝SHS+HO 2HS+SO＝3S+2H 24222222△O+2NO+4H3S↓S+2HNO(稀)＝H S 3H+S H 23222O +5S+8H+KSOS+2KMnO+3HSO＝2MnSO5H24222444O +3S+7H+KSO＝Cr(SO)*3HS+KCrO+4HSO222223242474+6NaOHNaSOO+2HO＝* HS+4Na422222+2HCl CuS↓HS+CuCl＝＝FeS+H↑S+FeH2222+2HCl ↓S+HgCl＝HgS H HS+2AgNO＝AgS↓+2HNO 222233O +H＝4NO+SO HS +4NO ＝PbS↓+2HNO S+Pb(NOH)22323322COH32O +H=CO↑HCO2232HClO HClO=HCl + O2↑HNO3PO+3AgNO+AgPO＝H3HNO334334O+2H)+NO↑Al(NOAl+4HNO(稀)＝2333↑SO + 28NOO + 4H＝6HAsO + 9H3AsS +28HNO44222333△CO↑4HNO(浓)+C+4NO↑+2HO23222HNO+CaCO＝Ca(NO)+HO+CO↑2233326HNO+Fe＝Fe(NO)+3NO↑+3HO 233324HNO+Fe＝Fe(NO)+NO↑+2HO2333．30HNO+8Fe＝8Fe(NO)+3NO↑+15HO 2323336HNO+10Fe＝10Fe(NO)+3N↑+18HO2323330HNO+8Fe＝8Fe(NO)+3NHNO+9HO 234333FeO+4HNO＝Fe(NO)+NO↑+2HO 233323HS+2HNO(稀)＝3S↓+2NO+4HO 2234HNO＝4NO+O+2HO(见光或受热分解) 2223NH+HNO＝NHNO(白烟)3334(用HNO和浓HSO不能制备HS、HI、HBr、(SO) 242233NaS+8HNO(稀)＝6NaNO+2NO+3S↓+4HO 23233NaSO+2HNO(稀)＝3NaSO+2NO↑+HO 222334* 5HNO(浓)+P＝HPO+5NO↑+HO24323P+20HNO(浓)＝4HPO+20NO+4HO 243423S+6HNO(浓)＝HSO+6NO↑+2HO 223243S+4 HNO(稀)＝3SO↑+4NO↑+2HO 232* S +6HNO(浓)＝HSO+6NO↑+2HO 24223HPO434HPO+Ca(PO)＝3Ca(HPO)(重钙) 22234344HPO(浓)+NaBr＝NaHPO+HBr4432HPO(浓)+NaI＝NaHPO+HI 4324HSO32HSO+X+HO＝HSO+2HX 422322(X表示Cl、Br、I) 2222HSO+O＝2HSO43222HSO+HO＝HSO+HO22322245HSO+2KMnO＝2MnSO+KSO+2HSO+3HO242424432．+2HCl SO+2FeClHSO+2FeCl+HO＝H2332224 O+SO＝HHSO2232O ↓3S+2HSO+2HS＝2H2322 HSO42+H↑Zn +HSO＝ZnSO2244 +H↑Fe +HSO＝FeSO2244↑SO＝MgSO+HMg+H2442↑Al(SO)+3H2Al+3HSO＝224342△O Al(SO)+3SO↑2Al+6HSO(浓)+6H2223442)SOSO＝(NH2NH+H444223△O+3SO↑+6H(SOAl2Al+6HSO(浓))2232442O +2HS↓+SOS+HHSO(浓)＝24222 +3SO＝2HPOPO+3HSO(浓)3244235) BaSO+HOBaO+HSO(稀)＝242422 +HONaNaO+HSO(冷、稀)＝SO22224224O MgSO+HMgO+HSO＝2424O +3H)AlO+3HSO＝Al(SO24233422△O↑+2HCO2HSO (浓)+C↑+2SO24222O +2HSO2H(浓)+S＝3SO↑2422室温下钝化HSO(浓)+Fe(Al) 42O (SO＝Fe)+3SO↑+6H6HSO(浓)+2Fe2322442△O 2HSO浓()+Cu+2HCuSO+SO↑24422△)+2HBr(SO浓OSO+Br+2HH42222△O+2HSOHSO浓()+2HI+I24222↑＝CaSO+2HF(HSO浓) +CaF4224△↑)+NaClNaHSO+HClHSO(浓424) +2NaCl(SOSONa+2HClH浓4224△NaHSO+HNOSO(浓)+NaNO↑(微热)H343423HSO(浓)+Ca(PO)＝3CaSO+2HPO 444232432HSO(浓)+Ca(PO)＝2CaSO+ Ca(HPO) 242424342．I2HI I + H 22+Fe IFeI22O I + 2NaOH = NaI + NaIO +H22KK△KO K + O 222K + 2HO = 2KOH + H↑22KO、KO222KO + HO = 2KOH 22KO + CO = KCOKOH32222KO + 2CO = KCO +O 2223222KO + 2HO = 4KOH +O 22222KOH +CO = KCO +HO 2232KOH +CO = KHCO 32KCO32KCO +2HCl = 2KCl + CO↑+ HO 2232KCO +CaCl = CaCO↓+ 2KC 3232KCO +2AgNO = AgCO↓+ 2KNO 332332．KHCO3O ↑+ HKHCO +HCl = KCl + CO223△O+ CO↑2KHCO + HKCO23223KClO3△↑2KClO 2KCl + 3O23O + 3H↑KClO +6HCl = KCl +3Cl232KI2KI + Cl = 2KCl + I22↓+ KNOKI + AgNO = AgI33KAl(SO)24↓SOSO +3Na + 2Al(OH)2KAl(SO) + 6NaOH = K3442242↓↓+ 2Al(OH) + 3BaSO2KAl(SO) +3Ba(OH) = KSO3242424↓= KAlO +2BaSOKAl(SO) + 2Ba(OH)42422KMnO4△KMnO + MnO + O↑2KMnO 224242KMnO +16HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl +5Cl↑+ 8HO 22242KMnO + 5HO + 6HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl +5O ↑+ 8HO 222422KSCN3KSCN + FeCl = Fe(SCN) + 3KCl33．KH↑KH + HO = KOH + H22LLi△LiO Li + O 22↑O = 2LiOH + H2Li + 2H22OLi2O + CO = LiCOLi3222 O = 2LiOH LiO + H22LiOH O +HCO2LiOH +CO = Li↓2223= LiHCO LiOH +CO32LiCO32O + HCO +2HCl = 2LiCl + CO↑Li2322LiHCO3O ↑+ HLiHCO +HCl = LiCl + CO223△LiCO + CO 2LiHCO↑+ HO23232MMg点燃+ H↑Mg + 2H2Mg+OO = 2Mg(OH)↓2MgO 2222点燃点燃2MgO+CMg + Cl 2Mg +CO MgCl 222MgBr Mg + Br ＝Mg + S ＝MgS 22↑＝MgSO + H Mg + HSO↑Mg +2HCl ＝MgCl + H 224242+2Rb 熔融)＝MgCl Mg+2RbCl( 2Mg+TiCl(熔融)＝Ti+2MgCl242MgO O MgO + 2HCl = MgCl +H22 MgO + HO = Mg(OH)↓22Mg(OH)2O Mg(OH) + 2HCl = MgCl +2H222MgCO3O ↑+ HMgCO +2HCl = 2MgCl + CO2223△MgCO +2H+ COO ↑Mg(OH)↓2223△+ MgO↑COMgCO 23)Mg(HCO23O ↑+ 2H + 2HCl = MgClMg(HCO) + 2CO22322△Mg(OH)↓)2Mg(HCO+ CO↑+ HO23222MgSO4↓MgSO + Ba(OH) = Mg(OH) + BaSO↓4242 MgSO + 2NaOH =Mg(OH)↓+ NaSO↓4422MnO2△OMnO + 4HCl(浓)MnCl + Cl↑+ 2H2222NN2催化剂2NO+3H N+O 2NH N22232 高温高压点燃N2Na NN+3Mg+6Na＝MgN 32232O、NO、NNO5222NO2NO+O＝22)NO用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和NO+NO+2NaOH(＝2NaNO222催化剂O + 6H5N6NO + 4NH223 △) 溶液鉴别溴蒸气和KINO＝NO+I+2KOH(不能用淀粉ONO+2KI+H2222O4NO+SO+H4NO+HS＝2232+NO＝SO + SONO322+NO 2HNOO＝3NO+H322＝2HNOONO+H 3522NH3△3Cu+N2NH+3HO+3CuO232+6HCl +3Cl＝N2NH223ClN+6NH+3Cl8NH＝4223点燃O4NH+3O(纯氧2N)+6H2322催化剂O+5O4NO+6H4NH223 △催化剂NO)+6NO5N+6HO(4NH用氨清除23 △) ＝NHCl(白烟NH+HCl43) 白烟NO(NH+HNO＝NH3343SO(NH)2NH+HSO＝424423) Cl(侯氏制碱法O+CONH+NaCl+H＝NaHCO↓+NH42332 )SO2NH+SO+HO＝(NH343222△O↑+HNH·HONH2233 -+HONHNH + OH + HONH·43322CONHHCO、(NH)34432O+CONHHCO＝NH+H23324↑+HO+CO ↑CO(NH)＝2NH222334ClNH4+HCl NHNHCl＝34△O+ H + NH↑2NHCl + Ca(OH)CaCl23224△ONHCl + NaOH+ H↑NaCl + NH243O·HNHCl + NaOH == NaCl + NH243NHNO34+ NaOH == Na + NH·NHHO NO NO23433△Na + NaOHNH + NH↑+ HONO NO234332HNO + 4N↑NO5NH + 9HO22334．(NH)SO、(NH)SO444223SO+SO+HO＝2NHHSO(NH)3322244OH+ 2NaOH == + 2 NH·Na(NH)SO SO2442234△O+ 2NaOH+ 2NH↑+ 2H (NH)SOSONa 2442432、NaO、NaONa222点燃点燃2NaCl +2Na Cl NaO 4Na+O＝2NaO 2Na+O 222222△2Na+H2NaOH+H↑2NaH2Na+S＝NaS(爆炸) 2Na+2HO＝22224NaCl+Ti)＝熔融4Na+TiCl(2Na+2NH＝2NaNH+H 4232△NaSONaO+SO＝2Na 2NaOH 2NaO+OO NaO+HO＝4222 2 22322O 2NaCl+HNaO+2HCl＝＝O+CONaCO Na223222O)NaO(此反应用于制备+2NaNaO＝2Na2222＝2HOO＝2NaOH+H ；＝O4NaOH+O↑(此反应分两步NaO+2HO2NaO+2H22222222222) O的制备可利用类似的反应2HO+O↑。
