(全英文)水处理课件——消毒
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H1N1 病毒SARS 病毒
保证管网中对微生物的持续抑制作用
不同水质加氯量与余氯量关系
1.如水中无细菌、有机物和还原性物质等,
则需氯量为零。
(见下图虚线)
3.若水中需氯杂质主要为氨氮及含氨有机物时,投
氯量与余氯量的关系如图中OAHC曲线所示。
第1区即OA段:水中杂质把氯消耗光
,此时消毒效果不可靠
第2区即AH段:氯与氨反应,有
余氯存在,有一定消毒效果,
但余氯为化合性氯,其主要成
分是一氯氨,H为峰点。
有一定
消毒效果。
注解:曲线与横坐标间的垂直距离
a1,a2,a3,a4表示余氯量。
B
加氯量超过折点需要量---折点
加氯。
折点加氯
第3区即HB段:仍然是化合性余
氯,加氯量继续增加,氯胺被氧
化成不起消毒作用的化合物N 2、
NO、N 2O等,余氯反而减少,最后
到折点B,化合余氯量降至最小
值。
第4区即B点以后:没有消耗氯
的杂质了,投氯全部用于增加游离余氯量,消毒效果最好。
柜式真空加氯机
加氯间。
.01 .1 1 5 10 50 90 95 99 99.9 99.990.1 110Percent of Media with Smaller DiameterNaturally Occurring Sand Processed Filter Sand20 30 70 80 P a r t i c l e D i a m e t e r , m m Size Distribution of Typical Naturally Occurring and Processed Filter SandFigure by MIT OCW.Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous.Water Treatment: Principles and Design . 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 881.Typical properties of filter media used in rapid filters*PROPERTY UNIT GARNET LLMENITE SAND ANTHRACITE GAC Effective Size, ES mm 0.2 - 0.4 0.2 - 0.4 0.4 - 0.8 0.8 - 2.0 0.8 - 2.0 Uniformity Coefficient,UC UC 1.3 - 1.7 1.3 - 1.7 1.3 - 1.7 1.3 - 1.7 1.3 - 2.4 Density, �� g/mL 3.6 - 4.2 4.5 - 5.0 2.65 1.4 - 1.8 1.3 - 1.7Porosity, � % 45 - 58 Not available 40 - 43 47 - 52 Notavailable Hardness Moh 6.5 -7.5 5.6 7 2 - 3 Low* = Not AvailableFigure by MIT OCW.Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous. Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 882.Figure by MIT OCW.Adapted from: Binnie, C., M. Kimber, and G. Smethurst. Basic Water Treatment. 3rd ed. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.10010-110-210-3 10-4 10-510-610-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4Sedimentation �� = 2650 kg/m 3Sedimentation �� = 1050 kg/m 3Sum 2 Sum 1Interceptionc = 0.5 mm, v = 5 m/h, o C)Particle Diameter, mDiffusionInfluence of Particle Size and Density on Filtration Transport Efficiency (d and T = 25T r a n s p o r t E f f i c i e n c y Figure by MIT OCW.Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous.Water Treatment: Principles and Design . 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 912.Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: Yao, K.-M., M. T. Habibian, and C. R. O'Melia. "Water and Waste Water Filtration: Concepts and Applications." Environmental Science & Technology 5, no. 11 (November 1971): 1105-1112.Figure by MIT OCW.Adapted from: O'Melia, C. R., and J. Y. Shin. Removal of particles using dual media filtration: modeling and experimental studies." Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 1, no. 4, (2001): 73-79.Figure by MIT OCW.Adapted from: Binnie, C., M. Kimber, and G. Smethurst. Basic Water Treatment. 3rd ed. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.。