我国上市公司股权激励下的盈余管理研究

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II

摘 要

在现代企业经济制度下,公司的所有者与经营者不一致,从而带来了委托代理问

题,而股权激励能够使二者的利益目标一致化,从而减少利益冲突,因而被认为是解

决委托代理问题的一种有效方案。但是股权激励也带来了新的问题,它改变了管理者

的薪资结构,企业的管理者为了获取更多收益,可能会通过盈余管理来操纵公司的会

计信息,以达到规定的业绩标准并提升公司的股价,因此股权激励也可能带来一定的

负面效应。目前股权激励计划在我国上市公司中已经比较普遍,因此对股权激励与盈

余管理之间关系的研究具备较强的现实意义。本文希望通过研究对企业制定股权激励

方案提出相应的建议。

本文选择2013-2018年实施股权激励的上市公司作为样本并按照1:1的比例为样

本配置了对照组。本文采用修正的琼斯模型计算出企业的可操纵性应计利润,以此衡

量盈余管理的大小程度并作为被解释变量,选取是否进行股权激励、股权激励程度、

股权激励模式作为解释变量,通过多元回归对股权激励与盈余管理间的关系进行了研

究,之后选取具备代表性的企业作为案例分析样本,对企业股权激励下盈余管理的具

体路径和影响进行了分析。

研究结果表明:我国上市公司的股权激励会加大企业的的盈余管理行为,而这种

现象和股权激励模式不相关。整体上企业的盈余管理大小和股权激励程度显著正相关,

但在激励程度较低的样本中,这种相关关系不显著,而在激励程度较高的样本组中,

二者的相关性变为显著,因此激励程度的合理性对于股权激励方案而言非常重要。国

有企业的盈余管理水平整体上低于非国有企业,在国有企业中,盈余管理水平与股权

激励程度的关系不显著,但是在非国有企业中,二者的相关性变为显著。本文对我国

上市企业的股权激励和盈余管理之间的关系进行了研究,探讨了我国现行的股权激励

机制的有效性,最后对现阶段我国上市企业怎样研究出台更科学、高效的激励方案提

出了建议。

关 键 词:股权激励;盈余管理;上市公司

III ABSTRACT

Under modern enterprise economic system, owners and managers of companies are seperated, which

brings about the principal-agent problem. Equity incentive can make their interests consistent, thus

reducing the conflict of interests, so it is considered as an effective way to solve the principal-agent

problem. However, equity incentive also brings new problems. It changes the salary structure of managers.

In order to obtain more profits, managers may manipulate accounting information of company through

earnings management, so as to achieve the specified performance standards and improve stock price of

company. Therefore, equity incentive may also bring some negative effects. At present, equity incentive

plan is quite common in listed companies of our country, so research on the relationship between equity

incentive and earnings management has strong practical significance. This thesis hopes to put forward

corresponding suggestions for enterprises to make equity incentive plan.

In this thesis, A-share listed companies that implemented equity incentive from 2013 to 2018 are selected

as research samples, and the control group is configured according to the standards of similar enterprise

scale and the same industry. In this thesis, the modified Jones model is used to measure the degree of

earnings management of enterprises and as the explained variable. Whether to carry out equity incentive,

the degree of equity incentive and the mode of equity incentive are selected as the explanatory variables.

A multiple regression model is constructed to study the internal relationship between equity incentive

system and earnings management in enterprise management, then select representative enterprises as the

sample of case study, and analyze the specific path and impact of earnings management under equity

incentive.

The results show that: Equity incentive plan of listed companies will lead to serious earnings management

behavior, and the widely used stock option model and restricted stock model will cause the tendency of

earnings management, that is, the degree of earnings management is not related to the equity incentive

model. On the whole, the level of earnings management is positively related to the level of equity

incentive, but when incentive level is low, the correlation is not significant. When the level of equity

incentive is high, the correlation between the two becomes significant, which shows that making a

reasonable incentive level is very important for the effectiveness of equity incentive plan. The level of

earnings management of state-owned enterprises is lower than that of non-state-owned enterprises. In

state-owned enterprises, the level of earnings management is not significantly related to the level of equity

incentive, but in non-state-owned enterprises, the two are significantly related. This thesis makes a deep

study on the internal relationship between equity incentive and earnings management of managements in

China's listed companies, analyzes the effectiveness of equity incentive system, and finally puts forward

suggestions on how to make a reasonable and effective equity incentive plan for China's listed companies.

IV KEY WORDS: Equity incentive; Earnings management; Listed companies

V

目 录

1 绪论 ...................................................... 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 ........................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1研究背景 ......................................................................................................... 1

1.1.2研究意义 ......................................................................................................... 2

1.2 研究思路及研究方法 ................................................................................................ 3

1.2.1主要的研究思路 ............................................................................................. 3