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EPA 300.1

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METHOD 300.1DETERMINATION OF INORGANIC ANIONS IN DRINKING

WATER BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY

Revision 1.0

John D. Pfaff (USEPA, ORD, NERL) - Method 300.0, (1993)

Daniel P. Hautman (USEPA, Office of Water) and David J. Munch (USEPA, Office of Water) -

Method 300.1, (1997)

NATIONAL EXPOSURE RESEARCH LABORATORY

OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268METHOD 300.1

DETERMINATION OF INORGANIC ANIONS IN DRINKING WATER BY ION

CHROMATOGRAPHY

1.0SCOPE AND APPLICATION

1.1This method covers the determination of the following inorganic anions in reagent

water, surface water, ground water, and finished drinking water. As a result of

different specified injection volumes (See conditions in Tables 1A and 1B), these

anions are divided between the common anions listed in Part A and the inorganic

disinfection by-products listed in Part B. These different injection volumes are

required in order to compensate for the relative concentrations of these anions in

drinking water and maintain good chromatographic peak shape throughout the

expected dynamic range of the detector. Bromide is included in both Part A, due to

its importance as a common anion, as well as Part B due to its critical role as a

disinfection by-product precursor.PART A.-- Common Anions

BromideNitrite

Chlorideortho-Phosphate-P

FluorideSulfate

NitratePART B.-- Inorganic Disinfection By-products

BromateChlorite

BromideChlorate

1.2The single laboratory Method Detection Limits (MDL, defined in Sect. 3.11) for the

above analytes are listed in Tables 1A, 1B and 1C. The MDL for a specific matrix

may differ from those listed, depending upon the nature of the sample and the specific

instrumentation employed.

1.2.1In order to achieve comparable detection limits, an ion chromatographic

system must utilize suppressed conductivity detection, be properly

maintained and must be capable of yielding a baseline with no more than 5 nS

noise/drift per minute of monitored response over the background

conductivity.

1.3This method is recommended for use only by or under the supervision of analysts

experienced in the use of ion chromatography and in the interpretation of the

resulting ion chromatograms.

1.4When this method is used to analyze unfamiliar samples for any of the above anions,

anion identification should be supported by the use of a fortified sample matrix

covering the anions of interest. The fortification procedure is described in Sect.

9.4.1.

1.5Users of the method data should state the data-quality objectives prior to analysis.

Users of the method must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results with

this method, using the procedures described in Sect. 9.0.

1.6Bromide and nitrite react with most oxidants employed as disinfectants. The utility

of measuring these anions in treated water should be considered prior to conducting

the analysis.

2.0SUMMARY OF METHOD

2.1A small volume of sample, 10 µL for Part A and 50 µL for Part B, is introduced into

an ion chromatograph. The anions of interest are separated and measured, using a

system comprised of a guard column, analytical column, suppressor device, and

conductivity detector.

2.2The ONLY difference between Parts A and B is the volume of sample analyzed by

the ion chromatographic system. The separator columns and guard columns as well

as eluent conditions are identical.

3.0DEFINITIONS

3.1ANALYSIS BATCH -- A group of no more than 20 field samples (Field sample

analyses include only those samples derived from a field sample matrix. These

include the initial and duplicate field samples as well as all Laboratory Fortified

Sample Matrices). The analysis batch must include an Initial Calibration Check

Standard, an End Calibration Check Standard, Laboratory Reagent Blank, and a

Laboratory Fortified Blank. Within an ANALYSIS BATCH, for every group of ten

field samples, at least one Laboratory Fortified Matrix (LFM) and either a Field

Duplicate, a Laboratory Duplicate or a duplicate of the LFM must be analyzed.

When more than 10 field samples are analyzed, a Continuing Calibration Check

Standard must be analyzed after the tenth field sample analysis.

3.2CALIBRATION STANDARD (CAL) -- A solution prepared from the primary

dilution standard solution or stock standard solutions and the surrogate analyte. The

CAL solutions are used to calibrate the instrument response with respect to analyte

concentration.

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EPA 420.1

EPA 420.1

METHOD #: 420.1Approved for NPDES (Editorial Revision 1978)

TITLE:Phenolics (Spectrophotometric, Manual 4-AAP

With Distillation)

ANALYTE:Phenolics :

INSTRUMENTATION:Spectrophotometer

STORET No.:32730

1.0Scope and Application

1.1This method is applicable to the analysis of drinking, surface and saline

waters, domestic and industrial wastes.

1.2The method is capable of measuring phenolic materials at the 5 g/L level

when the colored end product is extracted and concentrated in a solvent phase

using phenol as a standard.

1.3The method is capable of measuring phenolic materials that contain more than

50 g/L in the aqueous phase (without solvent extraction) using phenol as a

standard.

1.4It is not possible to use this method to differentiate between different kinds of

phenols.

2.0Summary of Method

2.1Phenolic materials react with 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of potassium

美国环保局 EPA 试验 方法 551_1

美国环保局 EPA 试验 方法 551_1

METHOD 551.1

DETERMINATION OF CHLORINATION DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS,

CHLORINATED SOLVENTS, AND HALOGENATED PESTICIDES/HERBICIDES IN

DRINKING WATER BY LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION AND GAS

CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION

Revision 1.0

J.W. Hodgeson, A.L. Cohen - Method 551, (1990)

D.J. Munch (USEPA, Office of Water) and D.P. Hautman (International

Consultants, Inc.) - Method 551.1, (1995)

NATIONAL EXPOSURE RESEARCH LABORATORY

OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268

551.1-2METHOD 551.1

DETERMINATION OF CHLORINATION DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS,

CHLORINATED SOLVENTS, AND HALOGENATED PESTICIDES/HERBICIDES IN

DRINKING WATER BY LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION AND GAS

CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION

1.0SCOPE AND APPLICATION

1.1This method is applicable to the determination of the following analytes in1-9

2016中考字表一(1--300)

2016中考字表一(1--300)

1

2016年重庆中考重点字词表一

1蔼 ǎi 1.和气，和善：和～。～然。2.果实、树木繁茂的样子：幽～。～～。3.云气：烟～。暮～。

2隘 ài ⒈险要的地方：要～。险～。⒉狭窄，狭小：～道。此人气量狭～。

3庵 ān 1、小寺庙：多称尼姑居住处:～堂。2、圆形的草屋：茅～

4鞍 ān 1. 套在骡马背上便于骑坐的东西：马～。～韂（chàn ）（马鞍和垫在马鞍下面的东西。亦称“鞍鞯”）

5黯 àn 1. 阴暗：～淡。

6肮 āng 1. 〔～脏〕a.不干净；b.喻卑鄙、丑恶。

7拗 ǎo 1.弯曲使断，折：竹竿～断了。

ào 2.不顺，不顺从：～口。～口令。

niù 3.固执，不驯顺：执～。～不过他。

8袄 ǎo 1. 有衬里的上衣：夹～。棉～。皮～。

9懊 ào 1.烦恼，悔恨：～丧（sàng ）。～恼。～恨。

10扒 bā 1. 抓住，把着:~车。~墙头儿。2. 刨开，挖:~坑。~堤。3. 剥，脱:~皮。~掉伪装。4. 拔:勿剪勿~。5. 拨动:~拉。~开草棵。

pá 1. 用耙搂，聚拢:~草。2. 搔，抓:~痒。3. 炖烂，煨烂:~羊肉。

11芭 bā 1. 〔～蕉〕ａ．多年生草本植物，叶宽大，叶柄一层一层紧裹着茎。叶和茎的纤维可编绳索；ｂ．这 种植物的果实，跟香蕉相似。2. 古书上说的一种香草。

12疤 bā 1. 伤口或疮平复以后留下的痕迹：伤～。疮～。～痕。 2. 器物上像疤的痕迹：坛子磕了一个～。

13捌 bā 1. “八”的大写。2. 古同“扒”，破裂，分开。3. 古代一种聚拢谷物的没有齿的耙。

14跋 bá 1.在山上行走：～山涉水。2. 踩，践踏：～前踬后（喻进退两难）。3. 文章或书籍正文后面的短文，说明写作经过、资料来源等与成书有关的情况：～文。～语。序～。

美国环保局 EPA 试验 方法 504_1

美国环保局 EPA 试验 方法 504_1

METHOD 504.11,2-DIBROMOETHANE (EDB), 1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLORO-PROPANE (DBCP), AND1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE (123TCP) IN WATER BY MICROEXTRACTION ANDGAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

Revision 1.1 Edited by J.W. Munch (1995)

T. W. Winfield - Method 504, Revision 1.0 (1986)T. W. Winfield - Method 504, Revision 2.0 (1989)James W. Eichelberger - Method 504.1, Revision 1.0 (1993)

NATIONAL EXPOSURE RESEARCH LABORATORYOFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTU.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYCINCINNATI, OHIO 45268

504.1-2METHOD 504.11,2-DIBROMOETHANE (EDB), 1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (DBCP), AND1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE (123TCP) IN WATER BY MICROEXTRACTION ANDGAS CHROMATOGRAPHY1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION1.1This method is applicable to the determination of the following compounds in1-3finished drinking water and groundwater:AnalyteRegistry NumberChemical Abstract Services1,2-Dibromoethane106-93-41,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane96-12-81,2,3-Trichloropropane96-18-41.2For compounds other than the above mentioned analytes, or for other samplesources, the analyst must demonstrate the usefulness of the method by collectingprecision and accuracy data on actual samples and provide qualitativeconfirmation of results by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).41.3The experimentally determined method detection limits (MDL) for EDB and5DBCP were calculated to be 0.01 µg/L and the MDL for 123TCP was calculatedto be 0.02 µg/L. The method has been useful for these analytes over aconcentration range from approximately 0.03-200 µg/L. Actual detection limitsare highly dependent upon the characteristics of the gas chromatographic systemused.2.0SUMMARY OF METHOD2.1Thirty-five mL of sample are extracted with 2 mL of hexane. Two µL of theextract are then injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a linearizedelectron capture detector for separation and detection. Analytes are quantitatedusing procedural standard calibration (Section 3.12).2.2The extraction and analysis time is 30-50 minutes per sample depending upon theanalytical conditions chosen.2.3Confirmatory evidence should be obtained for all positive results. This data maybe obtained by using retention data from a dissimilar column, or whenconcentrations are sufficiently high by GC/MS. Purge and trap techniques usingMethods 502.2 or 524.2 may also be used. Confirmation of all positive results ofEDB are especially important, because of the potential for misidentification ofdibromochloromethane (DBCM) as EDB.3.0DEFINITIONS3.1Laboratory Duplicates (LD1 and LD2) -- Two aliquots of the same sample takenin the laboratory and analyzed separately with identical procedures. Analyses ofLD1 and LD2 indicate the precision associated with laboratory procedures, butnot with sample collection, preservation, or storage procedures.3.2Field Duplicates (FD1 and FD2) -- Two separate samples collected at the sametime and place under identical circumstances and treated exactly the samethroughout field and laboratory procedures. Analyses of FD1 and FD2 give ameasure of the precision associated with sample collection, preservation andstorage, as well as with laboratory procedures.3.3Laboratory Reagent Blank (LRB) -- An aliquot of reagent water or other blankmatrix that is treated exactly as a sample including exposure to all glassware,equipment, solvents, reagents, internal standards, and surrogates that are usedwith other samples. The LRB is used to determine if method analytes or otherinterferences are present in the laboratory environment, the reagents, or theapparatus.3.4Field Reagent Blank (FRB) -- An aliquot of reagent water or other blank matrixthat is placed in a sample container in the laboratory and treated as a sample inall respects, including shipment to the sampling site, exposure to sampling siteconditions, storage, preservation and all analytical procedures. The purpose ofthe FRB is to determine if method analytes or other interferences are present inthe field environment.3.5Instrument Performance Check Solution (IPC) -- A solution of one or moremethod analytes, surrogates, internal standards, or other test substances used toevaluate the performance of the instrument system with respect to a defined setof criteria.3.6Laboratory Fortified Blank (LFB) -- An aliquot of reagent water or other blankmatrix to which known quantities of the method analytes are added in thelaboratory. The LFB is analyzed exactly like a sample, and its purpose is todetermine whether the methodology is in control, and whether the laboratory iscapable of making accurate and precise measurements.3.7Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix (LFM) -- An aliquot of an environmentalsample to which known quantities of the method analytes are added in thelaboratory. The LFM is analyzed exactly like a sample, and its purpose is todetermine whether the sample matrix contributes bias to the analytical results.The background concentrations of the analytes in the sample matrix must bedetermined in a separate aliquot and the measured values in the LFM correctedfor background concentrations.