TPO lec con 分类
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t p o听力学科分类及部分单词总结(含词根)Conversation课程学业:1.课程与作业:1-2,5-2,6-2,8-2,9-1,10-1,12-1,15-2,16-2,17-1,19-1,22-2,25-1,26-1,27-1,27-2,28-1,29-1,30-1,30-2,32-1,33-1,33-2,34-22.选课与换课:14-2,21-2,23-2,24-2,28-23.研究项目:2-1,4-2,13-1,20-2校园生活:1.图书馆与书店:1-1,4-1,7-2,9-2,10-2,13-2,14-1,20-1,24-1,26-2,31-2,34-12.校内工作:3-2,7-1,11-2,12-2,15-1,17-2,18-1,18-2,25-23.住宿与餐饮:19-2,32-24.问询:3-1,5-1,8-1,21-1,31-15.社团与活动:2-2,6-1,11-1,16-1,22-1,23-1,29-2TPO lecture 学科背景分类(1-34)1.Physical Science(38)Astronomy2-4(Bode’s Law)3-4(Spectroscopy)5-2(Moon Landing)13-4(Meteorites)14-3(Seafarers and Stars)18-1(Sunspots)19-2(Difficulties in Astronomy)21-1(Geocentric Theory)22-2(Faint Young Sun Paradox)24-4(Shield Volcano on Venus)26-3(Comets)29-4(Carbon Nanotubes)30-3(Jarosite)Ecology & Environmental Science9-2(Shrubs in Tundra)10-3(Phosphorus Cycle)11-3(Landscape & Climate)12-4(Solar Energy)13-2(Interrelationships)17-2(Milankovitsh Hypothesis)20-2(Interglacial Periods)23-2(Earth Radiation Budgets)29-1(Pedodiversity Plant)32-2(Relationships among Species)33-2(Colorado’s Water)34-2(ASP Digestion)Geology1-2(Uranium-Lead Dating)4-2(Moving Rocks)6-4(Climate Change in Sahara Desert)7-4(Glacial Movement)9-3(Desert Lakes)15-2(Geologic Time Periods)16-1(Lechuguilla Cave)30-2(Oviraptor)31-2(Plate Drift)32-3(The Copper Basin)Chemistry5-3(Spectroscopy)8-4(The Periodic Table of Elements)Computer Science21-2(Software Development)2.Social ScienceArcheology1-3(Catalhoyuk)14-4(Passage Graves)23-1(Antikythera Mechanism)24-3(Megafauna)28-4(Gonur-depe)29-3(Clovis People & Caches)32-1(Ancient Bananas)33-1(The Great Pyramid)History4-4(Government Support for Arts)8-3(Vision Correction)10-2(American Food Crops)17-3(Ancient Egyptian Calendar)18-3(Spices)25-3(Egyptian Hieroglyphs)Economics & Business6-1(Boom and Bust)11-4(Advertising)12-2(Managing by Wandering Around)26-1(Green Marketing)34-4(The Life of Innovation)Psychology2-1(Behaviorism)10-4(Childhood Amnesia)14-1(Cognition)15-1(Distraction)30-1(Metacognition)Anthropology7-3(Iroquois People & Birch Tree)22-1(State Formation)31-4(The Botai Culture)Linguistics9-4(Features of Human Language)19-1(Family Tree Model)20-1(Gricean Maxims)Philosophy2-3(Aristotle)28-1(Foundationalism)Sociology5-1(Meme)3.Life ScienceAnimal7-2(Bat’s Use of Ultrasound)10-1(Whales)14-2(Microclimate)17-4(Octopus)18-4(North American Wood Frog)20-4(Snowshoe Hare)21-3(Evolution Theory)22-3(Pleistocene Rewilding)23-3(Dolphin’s Navigation)24-1(Crocodile Vocalization)27-1(Coral Reefs Marine)27-3(Sauropod)31-3(Decline of Coral Reefs)33-3(Notothenioids)12-1(Cell Division)15-4(Biology Community)26-2(Carbon Cycling)Animal Behavior1-4(Marmots)3-1(Humming Birds)4-1(Displacement Activity)8-1(Active Habitat Selection)11-1(Distraction Display)16-3(Foraging Behavior Among Beavers)25-1(Assisted Migration Conservation)25-4(Play)28-2(Mirror Self-Recognition)Botany2-2(Manila Hemp)6-2(Nightcap Oak)19-3(Plants in Salt Mashes)28-3(Plant s’ Photoreceptor)34-3(Plants and Pollinators)4.ArtArt History3-3(Chauvet Painting)8-2(Women Artist in Paris)15-2(Palimpsest)16-4(Stained Glass Art)17-1(Prehistoric Art Dating)18-2(Copies of Greek Sculptures)26-4(Archimedes Palimpsest)34-1(Dadaism)1-1(Rose Frantzen)19-4(Cecilia Beaux)21-4(Alice Neel)27-4(Primary Colors)Music12-3(Opera)16-2(Piano)22-4(Musicians & Film Industry)25-2(Bela Bartok)27-2(Cremonese Violin)30-4(Electric Guitar)31-1(Music in Ancient Greece)Literature4-2(Emerson’s Self-reliance)5-4(Folk Tales and Fairy Tales)6-3(Character Sketch)13-3(Medieval Poetry)20-3(Folk Tales)Architecture11-2(Cape Cod House)13-1(Pedestrian Malls)29-2(Reverberation)32-4(Harriet Morrison Irwin)33-4(The Renaissance Gardens)Dance History23-4(Screen Dance)24-2(Modern Dance)Theater History7-1(The Well-made Play)9-1(Philippe Jacques De Loutherbourg)Film History3-2(Jean Painleve)astronomy2-4asteroid beltMercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranus (天神,乌拉诺斯)NeptunePlutoAstronomical unitPatternCeresobjectGravitation gravity,grav=heavy重,或悲伤Grave 严肃的,庄重的,坟墓Aggra-vation 加重,恶化You can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2.8 spot was skipped Validity3-4bloom 花,开花期 n. 开花,使植物繁盛,大量出现v.spectroscopy spectroscopicspectraspectral linesspectrum 光谱,波普,范围,系列spectral graphemitchemical compositioncrystal prismbeamoptical radiationexposeuranium 以Uranus 为依据命名heliumbleed intomagnify 放大,赞美randomlycompileflamefingerprintextensivecircumspect 小心谨慎的circum周围+spect看→看周围→小心2perspective 透视的per全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了的→透视的3prospective 预期的prospect前景+ive……的→adj.预期的4respectable 可敬的;人格高尚的respect尊敬+able可以……的→adj.可敬的;人格高尚的5respectful 恭敬的,尊重的respect尊敬,尊重+ful有……的→adj.恭敬的,尊重的6respective 各自的,各个的re回+spect看+ive……的→回头看[自己]→各自的7retrospective 追想的,回顾的retrospect[v.回顾,回想]+ive……的→adj.追想的,回顾的8spectacular 壮观的,引人注目的spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的 n.壮观的演出Badv.1respectively 分别地, 各个地respective[adj.各自的,各个的]+ly表副词→adv.分别地, 各个地Cn.1prospect 景象,前景pro前面+spect看→向前看→前景2aspect 样子, 外表, 面貌, [问题等的]方面a加强意义+spect看→看的东西→外表,容貌3circumspection 细心,慎重circumspect[adj.小心谨慎的]+ion表名词→n.细心,慎重4inspector 检查员, 巡视员inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+or人→n.检查员, 巡视员5inspection 检查,审查;检阅inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+ion表名词→n.检查,审查;检阅6prospectus 章程,内容简介;创办计划pro前+spect看+u s→向前看的东西7respect 敬意,问候,关系,方面re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬8spectacle [spect看+acle东西→看的东西→景象;眼镜9spectacular 壮观的演出spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的 n.壮观的演出10spectator 观众,旁观者spect看+ator人→看的人11spectrum 系列,范围;光谱spect看+rum→可以看的范围Dn.&v.1respect 尊敬,尊重re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬Ev.1expect 预期;期望,指望ex出+pect=spect看→看出去,看外面→期待2inspect 检查,调查,视察in内,里面+spect看→看里面→检查3retrospect 回顾,回想retro向后+spect看→向后看4speculate 思索;推测spec=spect看+ulate→看准了→思考,投机5suspect 怀疑sus下面+spect看→在下面看一看,斜眼看→怀疑前缀: per- 1. 表示"贯穿,自始至终;全部"; 2. 表示"假,坏"Aadj.1perennial 全年的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+enn年+ial的→全年的2permanent 永久的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+man拿住+ent……的→永久拿住→永恒的3pernicious 有害的,有毒的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+nic毒+ious……的→有毒的4perplexed 困惑的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+plex重叠+ed……的→重叠在一起→困惑的5perspective 透视的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了→透视的6perspicacious 独具慧眼的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spic看+acious多……的→全部看到→独具慧眼7perverse 刚愎自用的,故意作对的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vers转+e→一直和别人拧着转8perfunctory 草率的per假,坏+funct作用+ory……的→没起好作用→草率的Bn.1percussion 敲打;碰击; 冲突per贯穿,自始至终;全部+cuss摇动,敲打+ion表名词→一直敲打2peroxide 过氧化物per贯穿,自始至终;全部+oxide氧化物→贯穿的氧化物→过氧化物3perturb 烦乱,扰乱per贯穿,自始至终;全部+turb搅→直搅乱→扰乱4perfidy 不忠,背叛per假,坏+fid相信+y状态→假相信→不忠诚5perjury 伪证,假誓per假,坏+jur发誓+y状态→假发誓;参考:jury陪审团Cv.1perforate 打洞per贯穿,自始至终;全部+forate打孔→打孔穿过→打洞2perfuse 使洒遍,横流per贯穿,自始至终;全部+fuse流→流遍3permeate 弥漫,遍布,散布;渗入,渗透per贯穿,自始至终;全部+me走+ate表动词→走过去→渗透过去4persist 坚持per贯穿,自始至终;全部+sist站→站到最后→坚持5perspire 出汗per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spir呼吸+e→全身呼吸→出汗6persuade 劝说per贯穿,自始至终;全部+suade劝→一直劝→劝说7peruse 细读per贯穿,自始至终;全部+use利用→[读书的时候]全部利用→细读8pervade 弥漫,普及per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vade走→走遍,遍及9perpetrate 做坏事;犯罪per假,坏+petr石+ate表动词→像石头一样顽固的做坏事→专横,做坏事10pervert 堕落,滥用per假,坏+vert转→转向坏→堕落1.you get the idea2.Anyone want to take a stab at the scientific term for visible light? And I’m sure all of you know thisbecause you all did the reading for today3.before we get into that, it’s probably a good thing to back up a bit4.what happens if the sunlight’s spectrum is magnified? Maybe you all didn’t do the reading. Well,here’s what you’d see.5.I’m sure all of you know it. OK. Let’s try something else. Any of you happened to be familiar withthe …?5-2compelling reasonspinpointimpact craterbasincolor-coated imagespacecraftlunarorbitequatortopographical 地形的elevation (low, high)diameterdepthplanetaryredistributecrustmantlepenetratecomposition, formationmeteor showerconcentration of hydrogencometmoleculeevaporationprimitiveoxygen and hydrogenrocket fuelmaybe a ways off: way off, 偏离轨道,错得厉害,有很大距离,(”I think you are way off base.)haul: to move something really big with a lot of effortsperpetually, eternally, perpetual motion (永动机), permanentgive or takecrude estimateby inference “You seemed to know about the book and by inference I though t you had read it.”13-4meteoroids 流星体meteorite:陨石meteor: 流星,大气现象,meteorology,气象学,mythologyinterplanetary spaceproportionterrestrial territory terr=earth,土地;frighten,可怕,恐惧;extraterrestrial 地球外的,宇宙的 Mediterranean,地中海的subterranean,地下的,subterrane,下层,洞穴,地下室cometasteroid (-oid, 希腊语,like, acidoid, 似酸的, asteroid,星状的,小行星,organoid,类器官debris uncountable noun 残骸,碎片,垃圾methanecarbon dioxide (monoxide) nitric oxide 一氧化氮particlenickelindistinguishableleft overanalogous: similar, “marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat analogous to trying to build a bridge under water.”Analogy 类似,相似,比拟,“The teacher draw an analogy between the human heart and a pump.”Now I’m going a bit out of a boarder here.the thing is, what’s especially interesting about … is that…难句: they consist of the same chemical elements that are in matter originated on earth.It might help if you think of…remember we talked about the two classes of planets in our solar system? And how they differ in composition?14-3latitude 纬度longitudealtitude elevationorient v. 标定方向,使熟悉或适应,orient oneself orientation n.oriental 东方的seafarersnavigationalpartition v. 分割 partition the country 分裂国家symmetrical 对称的匀称的symmetric 对称性的historichistoricalidenticalcanoediscern 看出理解了解识别Vikingkeep track of seasonsecology9-2we are around the topicCelsiusVegetationShrubTundra: a flat land with very little vegetationPrecipitation, respirationThawPermafrostImpermeableNone of the plants that grow there can have deep roots, can they? No, and that’s one of the reasons that shrubs survive in the arctic Interfere withMicrobes microbialMicroscopic organismNitrogenPhosphorusInsulateRun-offSemiaridPrairie10-3scarce scarcitynitrogen, carbon, phosphorus硫,sulphur sulphuricbreak down erodeparticleweather v.mine v.fertilizerdecomposecompositionalgaeclogadverse adversitysediment depositsubstantial11-3citrusbout 发作 I was suffering with a bout of nerves一段时间,一阵(不愉快的事大量发生)The latest bout of violence has claimed twenty-four lives.Spell of frost 一阵(某种活动,天气等)Wetland swamp marsh 淹没,使陷入困境,忙的不可开交OverwhelmedSwampy marshy 泥泞的沼泽的marshmallowsugar coated hawsdrain 排水 v. 下水道n. drainage 废水,排水系统sewer 下水道阴沟divert 转道,转向-vert=turnconvert convertible 可辩论的敞篷车ventilate 通风 ventilate the room ventilatorsubscribe 订阅 subscribe to 同意,支持Fahrenheit CelsiusPlumb v. plumberA drop in the bucket12-4alternative energy sourcediffused 含糊不清的难以理解的diffuse v. 传播四散普及 to diffuse new ideas fuse 融化融合保险丝引信 confusespur v. 策马前进鼓励激励加速推动 n. 马刺,刺激因素fall into two categoriespanel 专门小组仪表板solar energyplantmega13-2interrelationshipinterdependenceecosystem ecofriendlylogpondstanding stillmammalssponge songebob squarepantssoak up17-2circular a. ovalelliptical a. 隐晦的,间接的hemisphere sphere 势力范围圈子,阶层This area was formerly within the sphere of influence of the US Glacier 冰川Rotation rotateAxis 轴 symmetry axisScopeSkeptical 怀疑性的TiltPrecessionGeology16-1permeablepermeate the smell of roast beef permeated the airlimestonesulfuric acidbacteriadiagram,let’s draw a diagramwater table 地下水位fissure deep crack in something, especially in rock.Carbonic acidDissolveSolubleSolutionSolv: loosen 溶解,解决,松开Dry as a boneBone dry: the river bed is bone dry.Residue: 残余,残渣,remainsPesticide residue:农药残留Homicide: 凶杀, suicide: 自杀Cide: cut, kill; homi: 人DecideGypsumDormant: 潜伏的,休眠的,静止的Dormant volcanoElaborate: 复杂的,精心制作的,精巧的Labor; 劳动Collaborate: 合作,协作15-2gravelgrav=heavy, 沉重的,悲伤的grave,aggravationgravity, gravitationgravitateepoch: 纪元,时期erosion and weatheringremnants: 残存物CE: common eraBCE: before common era 公元纪年AD: Anno Domini, in the year of our lord, 主的纪年BC: before ChristLivestock; 牲畜9-3Arabian PeninsulaBarren: 贫瘠的,荒原Monsoon: 季风,季风季节,季风雨Dot, spotButte: 孤山,独立的山丘Butt,buttonSand duneTorrential: torrential rain pours down very rapidly and in great quantities. Clay siltChop up 切开,割断 chopstick lamb chopHollow: 坑,洞,山谷 a hollow tree, 空心的树Ridge: 背脊,山脉,田埂,隆起Hollows and ridges: 沟壑3-3(Chauvet Painting)8-2(Women Artist in Paris)15-2(Palimpsest)16-4(Stained Glass Art)17-1(Prehistoric Art Dating)18-2(Copies of Greek Sculptures)26-4(Archimedes Palimpsest)34-1(Dadaism)1-1(Rose Frantzen)19-4(Cecilia Beaux)21-4(Alice Neel)27-4(Primary Colors)3-3cave paintingslides 幻灯片diagram,picturedepictprimitivedating techniquecharcoalPaleolithicNeolithic8-2canny,canny valleypremiereBiology12-1renew 更新,延长有效期tissuechromosomespringcoil up 盘绕,卷成一圈,coil:线圈,卷tongue in cheek 开玩笑的,不是认真的,风凉话,说说而已sequence,repetitiouslacethreadravel: 使纠缠,变得错综复杂,磨损,unravel,解开,阐明1-3settlementinhabitantNeolithicPaleolithicHatchway hatch孵化HearthPlaster 灰泥Lung ribSootBurial sitesAncestor 祖先词根 cess go 行走前进accessibleexcessive 过分的过度的successive suc 随后连续的继承的 successor 继承人继任者 heir heritor process 过程处理concession 让步迁就speculateexcavationcav holelife science12-1be programmed to do 预先设定好了要nerve cellsgene genetic informationchromosome (练习听开头猜测chromosome定义)springcoil 盘绕卷成圈线圈 coil upbreak off 分离脱离停止enzyme 酶immortal 不死的,永恒的,不朽的mortal 致命的,不共戴天的,终有一死的,极度的凡人人类mort = death15-4inorganicphotosynthesisphoton光子microbe。
托福分类词汇表(共17类863个常用单词)TOEFL Vocabulary List by Category (Total 17 Categories。
863 Common Words)Category 1: Psychology1.Mental - related to the mind2.Physical - related to the body。
material。
or physics3.Spiritual - related to the soul or spirit4.Conformity - the act of following the majority5.Majority - the larger group6.Minority - the smaller group7.XXX - XXX8.Subject - the object of study in an experiment9.Psychology - the study of the mind and rXXX - XXX XXX11.Mental Process - mental activity or cognitive process12.Mental State - mental n or mood13.Mental Activity - mental n or processness - awareness or XXX15.Internal Activity - mental activity within the mind16.General Psychology - the study of basic psychological principles17.XXX - the study of XXX18.ral Science - the study of r and its effects19.Mind-Body n - the n een the mind and body20.Heredity - XXX offspring21.Activity Theory - the theory that activity is XXX-being22.Central Processor Model - a model of cognitive processing in the brain23.n Storage - the process of storing n in the brain24.Artificial Intelligence (AI) - the development of computer systems that XXX intelligenceputer Analogy - the use of computer XXXputer n - the use of computer XXXputer Model - a computer program used to XXX28.XXX Detector - a device used to detect XXX29.n Error - an error in judgment due to n of a certain e30.Method of Right and Wrong Cases - a method used to test hypotheses31.Response - XXX32.Interview Method - a method of XXX interviews33.nnaire - a set of XXX data34.Method of n - a method of studying XXX35.n Method - a method of predicting XXX experience36.n - the ability to see37.Pupil - the opening in the center of the eye38.Visible Light - the n of XXX to the human eye39.Color Matching - the process of matching colors40.Color Contrast - the difference in color een two objects41.Color Mixture - the process of mixing colors42.Additive Color Mixture - the process of creating colors by adding light43.Color Weakness - XXX colorsGeography is the study of the Earth's surface。
地理地质•plate tectonics板块构造论•continental drift大陆漂移•crust,地壳core地核•mantle地幔lithosphere岩石圈•converge会聚split被分开apart分开的•mountains山脉oceans海洋•volcano火山•active volcano活火山•extinct volcano死火山•dormant volcano休眠火山• volcanic island火山岛•volcanic ash/dust火山灰•eruption爆发(erupt)•altitude海拔•latitude纬度high latitudes高纬地区(low)•woof纬线•horizon地平线,岩层,(视野)•longitude经度,经线•meridian子午线•parallel平行的•time zone时区•Arctic北极的Antarctic南极的•Arctic pole/North pole北极•Antarctic pole/South pole南极•channel, strait海峡•continent大陆•peninsula/byland半岛•plateau/ highland高原•plain平原•geo chronology地质年代学•geographer地理学家•geologic age地质年代/time时期/map图•geological, geologic地质学的•geological survey地质勘测•geologist地质学者•earthquake, quake, seism地震•hypocenter, focus震源•magnitude震级•seismology地震学•tsunami海啸•equator赤道•glacial冰川的•glacier冰川•topography地形学人类学•age/epoch/era时代•ancestor祖先• anthropology人类学•anthropologist人类学家•anthropological research人类学研究•antique古董,古老的•antiquity古代,古代人•applied anthropology应用人类学•archeological site考古遗址•archeologist考古学家•archeology考古学•clan部落, 氏族•tribe部落•conclusion结论•crude天然的•cultural anthropology文化人类学•date anthropology年代人类学•ecological anthropologist生态人类学•linguistic anthropology语言人类学•physical身体的anthropology •psychological心理的anthropology •evidence证据•flint打火石•hatchet短柄斧•Bronze Age青铜时代•Iron Age铁器时代•Stone Age石器时代•hypothesis假设•Paleolithic旧石器时代•Mesolithic中石器时代•Neolithic新石器时代•origin起源•originate起源•paleoanthropologist古人类学•relic遗迹•remains遗迹•reveal 显示•ruins废墟历史•abundance丰富n.•advocate拥护者•assassinate暗杀•assumption/supposition设想•bias/prejudice偏见•casualty伤亡(high)•centennial百年•Civil War美国内战•commemorate纪念•Confederacy联盟•conquer征服•conservative保守派•radical激进分子•declaration宣言•deny否认•draft草稿•emancipation释放, 解放•frontier边境•Gettysburg Address盖茨堡演说•harsh荒芜的,苛刻的•herald使者,先驱,传达,欢呼•immigrant移民(入)emigration(出)•independence独立•interpretation解释, 阐明•oust剥夺,取代,驱逐•pioneer virtues先驱者•proclaim宣布, 声明•root cause根本原因•signatory签字者•slavery奴隶制度•suffrage投票,选举权,参政权•suffragette妇女参政权论者•testimony/evidence证据••trace痕迹, 踪迹•vote投票,表决•westward movement西进运动•westward expansion/migration向西部移民•wilderness荒野天文学•astronomy/uranology天文学•astronomical天文学的•astronomical observation天文观测•astronomical telescope天文望远镜•comet彗星•cosmic宇宙的•cosmic dust宇宙尘埃•cosmology宇宙学•cosmos/universe宇宙•Galaxy/Milky Way银河•Mercury水星,汞,墨丘利神(众神的信使) •Venus金星,维纳斯•Earth地球•Mars火星,战神•Jupiter木星,主神朱庇特•Saturn土星,萨杜恩:农神•Uranus天王星,优利纳斯神:最早的至上的神•Neptune海王星,尼普顿:海神•Pluto冥王星,普路托:死亡之神和阴间统治者•luna月神,月•lunar月亮的•meteor shower流星雨•meteorite陨石•observable可观察到的•orbit轨道•planetoid/asteroid小行星•satellite卫星•solar太阳的•solar eclipse日蚀/radiation太阳辐射•space capsule太空舱/suit太空服•spacecraft宇宙飞船动植物学•zoology动物学•botany植物学•botanic, botanical植物学的•autotrophic自给营养的•heterotrophic异养的•bark树皮, 吠声•botanist植物学家•breed繁殖•multiply/reproduce繁殖•bud芽,发芽•carnivore食肉动物•herbivore食草动物•omnivore杂食动物•scavenger腐食动物•predator掠夺者, 食肉动物•Darwinism达尔文学说, 进化论•devolution退化•evolution进化,进化论•kingdom界,王国•phylum门•class纲•order/sub目•family科•genus属•species种•diversity多样性•foliage/leaf树叶•gregarious/social群居的•habitat栖息地•hatch孵化•leaflet小叶,传单•natural selection自然选择•offspring后代•photosynthesis光合作用•shoot/sprout萌芽•spawn产卵•stalk茎,柄,梗,秆•stem茎,干•symbiosis共生医学•blood vessel血管•abdomen腹部•ailing/ill/sick生病的•anatomy解剖学•anemia贫血症•artery动脉•vein静脉•capillary毛细血管•capsule胶囊•cardiology心脏病学•cardiovascular心脏血管的•central nervous system中枢神经系统•circulatory system循环系统•motion system运动系统•digestive system消化系统•endocrine system内分泌系统•respiratory system呼吸系统•urinary system泌尿系统•reproductive system生殖系统•contagious传染性的•contaminate污染•contract感染•cramp/spasm抽筋,痉挛•dentist牙科医生dental牙齿的•surgeon外科医生•diabetes糖尿病•diagnosis诊断结果•diarrhea痢疾,腹泻•disable v. /handicapped n. adj.残疾(人)•dispensary诊疗所•pharmacy药房,药剂学,制药业•embryo胚胎•euthanasia/mercy killing安乐死•exhale呼气inhale吸气•breath呼吸•hypertension高血压•immunization免疫•indigestion消化不良•infection传染,传染病•infectious传染的•intestine/ bowel肠•medicinal herb药草•metabolism新陈代谢•muscle fiber肌肉纤维•muscular system肌肉系统•myopia/ nearsightedness近视•neuron神经细胞, 神经元•pediatrician儿科医生•physician内科医生•physiology生理学•physiologist生理学者•plasma血浆•prescription处方, 药方•pulmonary肺部的•saliva口水,唾液•sanitary卫生的•secrete分泌•skeletal system骨骼系统•skull头骨•small intestine小肠•symptom症状, 征兆•treatment/ therapy治疗•therapist临床医学家•tissue组织。
对话场景词汇:A:OfficeHours办公时间—Student &Professor论文论文:thesisstatement论文陈述,中心句wanderofftopic[?w?nd?][?(:)f][?t?pik]v.跑题. lookoveradraftversion检查草拟版本catalog目录drawup得出结论疑难解答考试专业疑难解答:考试:re-take重修选课与作业(见选课和注册办公室):birdcourse轻松的课transfer转系转专业enquiry[?n'kwa?ri]询问advisor?sapproval[?'pruvl]导师许可rigorous['r?ɡ?r?s]adj.严格的eligible['?l?d??bl]adj.合格的迟到或缺课:misssomebody?slecture缺课fillmeinsomething给我补课疑难解答:bulletinboard['bulitin]公告板schoolbulletin学校公告栏rushingagainsttheclock忙碌checkback回顾记录; 再联系申请申请与志愿:scholarship/fellowshipn.奖学金选课选课(见选课作业和注册办公室):preparatory course[pri?p?r?t?ri][k?:s]n.预备课程:B:Service Encounter服务咨询-- Student & Officer Library:图书馆referenceroom n.资料室thereferencestacks[?ref?r?ns][st?ks]n.书库loancounter[l?un][?kaunt?]n.借书处loanperiod[l?un][?pi?ri?d]n.借书期限finevt.罚款/n.罚金charge=fee n.费用academics[??k??demik]a.学术journal[?d??:n?l]n.期刊paperback n.平装本literatureguide n.导读referenceguide[?ref?r?ns][gaid]n.参考指南publishedandunpublisheddata n.出版/未出版数据库precaution[pr?'k???n]n.预防Bookstore:书店storecredit[st?:][?kredit]n.商店退款;赊账购物retreat[ri?tri:t]n.退书Cafeteria:食堂restaurant/dining room[?da?n??][ru:m]n.餐厅deepfriedfood[di:p][fraid][fu:d]n.油炸食物Registrar’sOffice:注册办公室注册(见选课和考试选课作业):fieldwork[fildw?k]/research[ri?s?:t?]n.实地研究academicrecordn.学业成绩financialaid 助学金facultyadvisor:指导老师生活指导facilitiesmanager:后勤经理auditorium[??:di?t?:ri?m]n.礼堂,会堂CounselingCenter:咨询中心银行和工资counselor [?kauns?l?]n.咨询员paycheck['peit?ek]n.薪水payroll[?peir?ul]n.工资单;薪水册CareerServices Office:就业服务办公室实习与打工:intern n.实习生career/jobfairn.招聘会advancement=promotion[pr??m?u??n]n.晋升CampusActivities.校园活动校内活动:offcampus 校外commute [k?'mj?t]v.通勤flyers[?flai?z]n.传单讲座学科词汇:讲座场景A--Art艺术Art艺术美术:fineart[fain][ɑ:t]n.美术academy[??k?d?mi]n.学院;研究院studio[?stju:di?u]n.工作室;画室salon[s??l?n]n.沙龙,美术展览馆theRenaissance[?r?n??zans]n.文艺复兴tribalart[?traib?l][ɑ:t]n.部落艺术abstractart [??bstr?kt][ɑ:t]n.抽象派avant-garde[,?v??'ɡɑ:d]n.前卫派realism[?ri?liz?m]n现实主义impressionism[?m?pre??n?z(?)m]n.印象主义impressionisticstyle[?m,pre??'n?st?k]印象派风格Dadaism.[?dɑ?d?iz?m]n.达达派,达达主义neoclassical[?ni??u kl?sik?l]adj.新古典主义的realistic[ri??listik]adj.现实主义的minimalist['m?n?m(?)l?st]n.简单抽象派艺术家precursor[pr?'k??s?]n.先驱figurehead['f?g?hed]名誉领袖critic['kr?t?k]n.批评家amateur[,?m?t?]n.业余艺术家oilpainting油画watercolor水彩画engraving[?n'gre?v??;en-]n.版画muralpainting['mj??r(?)l]/fresco['fresk??]n.壁画caveart[keiv][ɑ:t]n.洞穴壁画charcoaldrawing['t?ɑ?k??l]木炭画sketch[sket?]n.速写/素描caricature['k?r?k?tj??;'k?r?k?t???]n.漫画animatorn.漫画家panorama [p?n?'rɑ?m?] n.全景画sculpture[?sk?lpt??]n.雕塑statue['st?tju?;-t?u?]n.塑像bust[b?st]n.半身雕塑像sculptorn.雕塑家decoration[?dek??rei??n]=adornment[??d?:nm?nt]n.装饰品stainedglass[ste?nd`gl?s]n.彩色玻璃weaving[?wi?.v??]n.织动,编织mosaic[m?u?zei-ik]n.马赛克ceramics[si?r?miks]n.制陶术,制陶业reproduction/replica [ri?pr?'d?k?(?)n]['repl?k?]复制品brushstroke[br??][str?uk]n.一笔,绘画技巧texture[?tekst??]n.质地,纹理perspective[p?'spekt?v]透视画法brush[br??]n.画笔drawingboard画板canvas[?k?nv?s]n.画布,帆布indigo['?nd?g??]靛蓝layer[,lei?]n.垫片,层framing['fre?m??]n.装框paste[pe?st]v.裱糊scene[si:n]n.景色naturescene[?neit??][si:n]n.场景,景色landscape[?l?ndskeip]n.风景posture[?p?s t??]n.姿势facial[?fei??l]adj.面部的,表面的gesture [,d?est??] n.造型printingpress[?printi?][pres]n.印刷机lightproof[,laitpru:f]adj.不透光image[,imid?]n.影像prehistory[?pri?hist?ri]n.史前era[?i?r?]n.时代;年代;纪元season [,si:z?n]n.适合某种活动的季节,期间rank[r??k]v.分等级appeal[??pi:l]v.对……有吸引力makeaname[meik][?][?neim]v.出名,成名clergy[?kl?:d?i]n.神职人员;牧师;僧侣ChristianChurch:[?krist??n][t??:t?]n.基督教教会monastery[?m?n?stri]n.修道院;僧侣prayerbook [?pre?] [buk]n.祈祷书knight[nait]n.骑兵,骑士戏剧电影摄影:drama[,drɑ:m?]n.戏剧dramaturge[,dr?m??t?:d?]n.剧作家tragedy[,tr?d?idi]n.悲剧puppetshow[,p?pit-??u]n.木偶剧script[skript]n.剧本earlyversion[??:li][?v?:??n]n.早期版本theatricaltext[θi??trik?l-tekst] n.戏剧文本producer[pr??dju:s?]n.制片人film[film]n.=movie[?mu:vi]n.=motionpicture[?m?u??n][?pik t??]n.电影production[pr??d?k??n]n.作品,成品,电影制片director[di?rekt?]n.导演documentarist[?d?k j?ˋment?r?st]n.纪录片导演documentary [?d?kju?ment?ri]n.纪录片portray[p?:?trei]vt.描绘,扮演cast[kɑ:st]v.指定角色audition[?:?di??n] v.在试演中评估某一人物performer[p??f?:m?]n.表演者acrobat[,?kr?b?t]n.杂技演员juggler[,d??ɡl?]n. 玩杂耍的人mime[maim]n.滑稽演员,哑剧演员,丑角clown[klaun]n.小丑puppeteer[p?pi?ti?]n.演木偶戏的人pantomime[,p?nt?maim]n.哑剧表演minstrel[,minstr?l]n.诗歌演唱者audience [??:di?ns]n.观众,听众,读者theater[?θi?t?]n.=cinema[?sinim?]n.电影院scenery[,si:n?ri]n.舞台布景imitation[,imi?tei??n]n.道具costume[,k?stju:m]n.装束makeup[,meik?p]n.化妆品characteristic[?k?rikt??r istik]n.特征,特质stereotype:[?steri?taip]n.刻板印象,成见,定型行为hybrid[?haibrid]n.混合;混血narration [n??rei??n]n.叙事,讲述standard[?st?nd?d]n.标准framework[,freimw?:k]n.结构photography [f??t?gr?fi]n.摄影film[film]n.胶片expose[iks?p?uz]v.曝光,暴露exposure [iks?p?u??] n.曝光sensitizedpaper[,sensitaizd-'peip?]n.感光纸emulsion[i?m?l??n]n.感光乳剂high-tech[ha??t ek]n.高科技equipment[i?kwipm?nt]n.设备processing[pr?u?sesi?]n.处理entertain [,ent??tein]v.娱乐n??ve?t?(r)]n.改革者pioneer[?pai??n i?]n.先驱innovator[ˋ?inventor发明家mechanic[m?'k?n?k]机械工proprietor[pr?'pra??t?]业主feminist ['f?m?n?st]女权主义者humanitarian[hj?,m?n?'te?r??n]人道主义者apprentice[?'prent?s]学徒disciple[d?'sa?p(?)l]n.学徒crew[kru:]n.全体人员mortal['m??t(?)l]犯人renowned[ri?naund]adj.著名的householdadj.家庭的/家喻户晓的classicadj.经典的traditional[tr??di??n?l]adj.传统的immortal[?'m??t(?)l]adj.不朽的/神uniqueadj.唯一的/独特的versatile['v??s?t a?l]adj.(人)多才多艺的(物)多功能的innocent['?n?s(?)nt]adj.天真的/无罪的romantic adj.浪漫的oddadj.怪诞的/奇数的erratic[?'r?t?k]adj.奇怪的eccentric[?k'sentr?k;ek-]adj.古怪的weirdadj.怪异的/不可思议的emotionaladj.情绪的/情感的emotiveadj.感人的sentimental[sent?'ment(?)l]adj.感伤的/多愁善感的cheerlessadj.无精打采的/无生命力的clumsy['kl?mz?]adj.笨拙的rigid['r?d??d]adj.僵化的spare[spe?]adj.简朴的zigzag['z?gz?g]adj.曲折的symbolic[s?m'b?l?k]adj.象征性的contemplative[?k?n templeitiv]adj.沉思的;冥想的-]adj.讽刺的sarcastic[sɑ:?k?stik,sɑradj.真正的,真实的;可信的authentic[?:?θentik]accessible[?k?ses?b?l]adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的daydream[?de?dri?m]n.白日梦nightmare[?naitme?]n.噩梦音乐:Musicfolkmusic民间音乐hillbillymusic['h?lb?l?] 乡村音乐chambermusic[?t?eimb?] [?mju:zik]n.室内音乐symphony[?simf?ni]n. 交响乐Broadwaymusical:[?br?:dwei][?mju:zik?l]n.百老汇音乐剧musician[mju(:)?zi??n]n.音乐家composer[k?m?p?u z?]n.作曲家;作家critic[?kritik]n.评论家;批评者choir [?kwai?]n.合唱队chorus [?k?:r?s]=choir[?kwai?]n.合唱队noten.音符step[step]n.音级scale[skeil]n.音阶tone[t?un]n.音调pitch[pit?]n.音高volume[,v?lju:m] n.音量register[,red?ist?]n.音域solo['s??l??]独奏/独唱harmonyn.和声chord[k??d]n.和弦melody[?mel?di]n.旋律;歌曲rhythm['rie?m,'riθ?m]n.节奏韵律rhythmicpatterns['riemik-'p?t?nz]n.有节奏的模式notation[n?u?tei??n]n.谱号(musicalnotation:音乐记谱) score[sk?:]n.乐谱composition[,k?mp??zi??n]n.乐曲movementn.乐章lullaby['l?l?ba?]催眠曲sonata[s?'nɑ?t?]奏鸣曲serenade[ser?'ne?d]小夜曲vocalmusic声乐bandmusic/windmusic管乐orchestra [??:kistr?]n. 管弦乐队conducting指挥podium['p??d??m]指挥台accompaniment[?'k?mp(?)n?m(?)nt]n.伴奏musicalinstrument 乐器stringinstrument[stri?][?instrum?n t]n.弦乐器keyboardinstrument 键盘乐器percussioninstrument[p??k???n][?instrum?nt]n.打击乐器violin[?vai??lin]n.小提琴;小提琴手viola[vi??ul?]n.中提琴,中提琴演奏者cello [?t?el??] n.大提琴fhorn号;喇叭clarinet[kl?ri?net]n.单簧管;竖笛,黑管pounddrum击鼓formal[?f?:m?l]adj.正式的improvisational[??mpr?va?ˋze???n?l]adj.即兴的fanatical[f?'n?tikl]狂热的建筑:Architecturearchitect[?ɑ:kitekt]n.建筑师buildingtechnique建筑工艺craftingn.工艺;手工aesthetic[i:s?θetik]adj.美学的school[sku:l]n.学派guild[ɡild]n.协会design设计designelement设计元素nteriordesign[in?ti?ri?-di'zain]n.室内设计construct[k?n'str?kt]n.结构compactstructure[?k?mp?kt][?str?kt??]n.紧凑的结构component[k?m?p?un?nt]n.零件,构件composing[k?m'p?uzi?]n.组成tension[,ten??n]n.绷紧状态cube[kju?b]n.立方体facade[f??sɑ:d]n.(建筑物的)外立面,尤指正面alignment[??lainm?nt]n.直线排列parallel[,p?r?lel]adj.平行的fine[fain]adj.(区别)微小的;细微的flat[fl?t]adj.扁平的immense[i?mens]adj.极大的molten[,m?ult?n]adj.熔化的;熔融的archives['a:kaivz]档案馆planetarium[,pl?n?'te?r??m]天文馆aquarium[?'kwe?r??m]水族馆skyscraper[,skai?skreip?]n.摩天大楼officebuilding写字楼cabin['k?b?n]n.小木屋cathedral[k?'θi?dr(?)l]n.大教堂mosque[m?sk]清真寺castle['kɑ?s(?)l]n.城堡Gothic[,ɡ?θik]adj.哥特式的pyramid金字塔thestatueofliberty自由女神像thetriumphalarch[ɑ?t?]凯旋门celebrated[,selibreitid]adj.著名的roof[ru:f]n.屋顶dome [d?um]n.穹顶arch[ɑ:t?]n.拱(连柱的)ceiling [,si:li?]n.天花板marbleslab['mɑ?bl-sl?b]n.大理石板skeleton[,skelitn]n.框架结构整体框架steelgirder[sti:l][?g?:d?]n.钢梁metal-frame金属结构mat[m?t]n.垫子pedestal['pedist?l]n.基架,基座doorway[,d?:wei]n.门口corridor[,k?rid?:]n.走廊staircase[,st??k eis]n.楼梯electricelevator[i?lektrik-,eliveit?]n.电梯dwelling[,dwel??]n.住处,居住空间fountain[,fauntin]n.喷泉lamp[l?mp]n.灯chimney[,t?imni]n.烟囱drainer[,drein?]n.下水道装置,滤水器sewer[sju?]n.排水沟pipeline[,paiplain]n.管道,输送管道canal[k??n?l]n.运河timber[,timb?]n.木材splint[splint]n.薄木条lime[laim]n.石灰plaster[,plɑ:st?]n.石膏mortar[,m?:t?]n.砂浆,灰浆tile[tail]n.饰面砖,瓷砖fiber[,faib?]n.纤维hemp[hemp]n.大麻纤维newmaterial新材料prototype['pr??t?ta?p]n.原型portrait[,p?:trit] n.肖像sphinx[sf??ks]n.狮身人面像sculpt[sk?lpt]v.雕刻pastel[p?s?tel] n.彩色蜡笔画parchment[,pɑ:t?m?nt]n.羊皮纸decoration[?dek??r ei??n]=adornment[??d?:nm?nt]n.装饰品pour[p?:]v.浇注erect[i?rekt]v.竖立,建立hammer[,h?m?]v.锤打imold[m?uld]v.塑造cohere[k?u?hi?]v.粘合converge[k?n?v?:d?]v.聚合于,集中于一点span[sp?n]v.(桥、拱等)横跨fabricweaving[,f?brik-'wi?vi?]n.纺织,编织城市规划:City Planninglayout [?leiaut]n.布局downtown[?daun?taun]n.市中心suburb[?s?b?:b]n.郊外country=ruralarea[?k?ntri]=[?ru?r?l][???ri?]n.农村residentialarea[?rezi?den??l][???ri?]n.住宅区localresident[?l?uk?l][?rezid?nt]n.当地居民dweller[?dwel?]n.居民inhabitant[in?h?bit?nt]n.居民sidewalk[?saidw?:k]n.人行道pedestrianmall[pi?destri?n][m?:l]n.步行街off-limits[??f?l?m.?ts]n.禁区,禁止进入transportationhub[?tr?nsp?:?tei??n][h?b]n.中转港busterminal[b?s][?t?:min?l]n.公车终点站facilitate[f??siliteit]v.提供便利privatelyowned[,praivitli-?und]adj.私有的publiclyowned[,p?blikli:-?und]adj.公有的publicutility[,p?blik-ju?tiliti]n.公用事业vehicle[,vi:ikl]n.交通工具parkingarea/lot[?pɑ?ki?][???ri?]/[l?t]=carpark[k=stoppingplace[?st?pi?][p leis]n.停车场automobile[??:t?m?ubi:l]=car[kɑ:]=vehicle[?vi:ik?l]n.汽车subwaystation[?s?bwei][?stei??n]=underground[??nd??graun d]n.地铁文学:Literaturecreategenre[???nr?]n.文体fairytale[?fe?.ri.te?l]n.童话;神话folktale[f?ulk][teil]n.民间故事mythology[mi?θ?l?d?i]n.神话;神话学;神话集allegory[??liɡ?ri]n.寓言legend[?led??nd]n.传说novel[?n?v?l]=fiction[?fik??n]n.小说sciencefiction[?sai?ns][?fik??n]n.科幻小说prosen.=essay[?esei]n.散文descriptiveprose[d?'skr?pt?v] 描写性散文narrative prose ['n?r?t?v]叙述性散文poetry[?p?uitri]=poem[?p?u im]n.诗歌autobiography[??t?b a?'?gr?f?]n.人物传记charactersketch [?k?rikt?][sket?]n.素描,人物速写”lyrics[?liriks]n.抒情诗ballad ['b?l?d]民谣proverb ['pr?v??b]谚语editorial[?edi?t?:ri?l]n. 社论type[taip]n.类型style[stail]n.风格works[w?:ks]n.作品author[??:θ?]n.作者storytellers[?st??ri?tel?]n.说故事的人satirist['s?t?r?st]讽刺作家biographer[ba?'?ɡr?f?]自传作家imagist['imid?ist]意象派诗人troubadour[?tru?b?du?]n.行吟诗人literacy[?lit?r?si]n.读写能力;精通文学literarycriticism文学批评literarystudies文学研究comment [?k?ment]n.评论schoolsofliterature文学流派realism['r??l?z(?)m]现实主义surrealism[s?'r??l?z(?)m]超现实主义modernism['m?d(?)n?z(?)m]现代主义aestheticism[i?s'θet?s?z(?)m;es-]唯美主义character[?k?rikt?]n.人物,角色,性格leadingcharacter主人公major/maincharacter[?meid??]/ [mein][?k?rikt?]=roundc haracter[raund][?k?rikt?]n.主角minorcharacters[?main?][?k?rikt?]=flatcharacter[fl?t][?k ?rikt?]n.配角characters?personalities[?k?rikt?s][?p?:s??n?liti]n.人物个性people?strait[?pi:plz][treit]n.人物特质modeln.人物原型stereotype:[?steri?taip]n.刻板印象,成见,定型行为background[?b?kgraund]n.背景setting[?seti?]n.场景prelude['prelju?d]序曲prologue['pr??l?g]n.序言mainplot[pl?t]n主要情节obligatoryscene[??blig??t?ri][si:n]n.必须的情节incident[?insid?nt]n.事件.ending[?endi?]=denouement [dei?nu:mɑ?]n.结局quotation[kw?u?tei??n]n.引用语fortune[?f?:t??n?t]n.命运,运气servant[?s?:v?nt]n.仆人master[?mɑ:st?]n.主人royalty[?r?i?lti]n.皇室prince[?prins]n.王子princess[?prin?ses]n.公主knight[nait]n.骑兵,骑士chivalry[??iv?lri]n.侠气,骑士精神clergy[?kl?:d?i]n.神职人员;牧师;僧侣religion[ri?lid??n]n.宗教;宗教信仰ChristianChurch:[?krist??n][t??:t?]n.基督教教会museum[mju(:)?zi?m]n.博物馆entertainment[?ent??teinm?nt]=recreation[?rekri?ei??n]=amuse ment[??mju:zm?nt]n.娱乐formula[?f?:mjul?]n.准则,公式universaltruth[?ju:ni?v?:s?l][tru:θ]n.真理theinciting[e?][in?saiti?]n.刺激logical[?l?d?ik?l]adj.合乎逻辑的appreciate[??pri:?ieit]vt.欣赏戏剧(见艺术电影摄影):drama[?drɑ:m?]=theater[?θi?t?]=play[plei]n.戏剧opera[??p?r?]n.歌剧well-madeplay[wel][meid][plei]n.佳构剧comedy[?k?midi]n.喜剧portray[p?:?trei]vt.描绘舞蹈:Danceballet[b??le?]n.芭蕾舞toeshoe[ˋt???u?]n.芭蕾舞鞋choreography[?k?ri??gr?fi]n.编舞choreographer[,k?ri'?ɡr?f?]舞蹈编排家讲座场景B--SocialScience 社会科学考古:ArchaeologyStoneAge石器时代Paleolithic [,p?l???'l?θ?k]旧石器时代的the Paleolithic period/age [e?][?p?li?u?liθik][?pi?ri?d]/ [eid?]=theOld/lateStoneAge[e?][?uld]/[leit][st?un][eid?]n.旧石器时代Mesolithic [?m?s???l?θ?k]中石器时代的Neolithic[?ni????l?θ?k]新石器时代的theNeolithicperiod/age[e?][?ni:?u?liθik][?pi?ri?d]/[eid?]=Newstoneage [nju:][st?un] [eid?]n.新石器时代BronzeAge[br?nz](青)铜器时代IronAge铁器时代primitive [?primitiv]n.原始人,adj原始的ancestor[??ns?s t?]祖先caveman山顶洞人nomad [?n?um?d]n.游牧民clan[kl?n]氏族tribe[tra?b]部落alliance[??lai?ns]=federation[?fed??r ei??n]n.联盟homogeneous[?h??m??d?i?n??s?h?m-]同一种族(种类)的archeologist[,ɑ:ki'?l?d?ist]考古学家antiquity [?n?t?kw?t?]古代,古老ancientcivilization[,s?v?l?'ze??n]古代文明grave=tomb[greiv]=[tu:m]n.坟墓ruins [?ru??n]遗迹,废墟remains[r?'me?nz]遗产/遗骸skull[sk?l]颅骨cranial['kre?n??l]颅骨的historicalrelic [his?t?rik?l] [?relik]n.遗迹culturalrelics['r?liks]文物relic [?r?l?k]遗物,文物antique[?n'ti?k]古物/古董artifact[?ɑ?t??f?kt]手工艺品utensil[ju:?tens?l]n.餐具,炊具cookingcontainer [?kuki?][k?n?tein?]n.容器canoe[k??nu:]独木舟obsidian[?b?sidi?n]n.黑曜石covert['k?v?t]n.隐藏处shelter[??elt?]n.庇护所religion[ri?lid??n]n.宗教ritual[,rit?u?l]n.(宗教)仪式originate[??r?d???n e?t]起源于inhabit[in?h?bit]vt.居住于bury[?beri]v.埋葬excavate/unearthv.挖掘excavation[?eksk??vei??n]n.挖掘历史:Historyera [?i?r?]n.时代;年代;纪元prehistory[?pri?hist?r i]n.史前ancientRome/Greek [?ein??n t] [r?um]/[gri:k]n.古罗马/希腊medieval[,medi'i:v?l,]adj.中世纪Europe[?ju?r?p]n.欧洲Britain [?brit?n]n.英国Italy[?it?li]n.意大利Rome(Roma) [r?um]n.罗马Greek [gri:k]n.希腊Egypt[?i:d?ipt]n.埃及France [?fr?ns]n.法国Germany [?d??:m?ni] n.德国Spain [spein]n.西班牙Turkey[?t?:ki]n.土耳其(Turkish)Netherlands[?nee?l?ndz]=Holland[?h?l?nd]n.荷兰(Dutch荷兰人)Canada[?k?n?d?]n.加拿大(Canadian[k??neidi?n]n.加拿大人)MountRushmore 拉什莫尔山(位于美国南达科他州)总统山;人类学:Anthropologyecologicalanthropologist [?i?k??l?d??k?l]生态人类学家p?l?d??st]人类学家anthropologist[??nθr??p?l?d??]古人类学家paleoanthropologist[?p?l?????nθr??psychologicalanthropologist [?sa?k??l?d??k?l]心理人类学家Native American[?neitiv][??merik?n]n.美洲原住民,印第安人patriarchal[,peitri'ɑ:k?l]adj.家长的/族长的哲学:Philosophyphilosophy[fi'l?s?fi,f?-]n.哲学;哲理;人生观Aristotle?sethicaltheory[??rist?tlz] [?eθik?l][?θi?ri]n.伦理学AncientGreekphilosopher [?ein??nt][gri:k][fi?l?s?f?]n.古希腊哲学家Socrates[?s?kr?ti:z]苏格拉底;Plato[?pleit?u]柏拉图;Aristotle[??rist?tl]亚里士多德ideology [?a?d???l?d??]意识形态intellect['int?lekt]n.智力,理解力;知识分子;思维逻辑领悟力;智力高的happiness[?h?pinis]n.幸福fame[feim]n.名声,名望external[ik'st?:n?l]adj.外部的;表面的optimism['?ptimiz?m]n.乐观;乐观主义心理学:Psychologybaby[?beibi]=infant[?inf?nt]=nursling[?n??sli?]n.婴儿kid[kid]n.儿童teenager[?ti:neid??]n.十三至十九岁的人youngpeople[j??][?pi:pl]n.年轻人adult[??d?lt]n.成年人oldpeople[?uld][?pi:pl]=theaged[e i:][eid?d]=elderlypeople[ ?eld?li][?pi:pl]=seniorcitizens[?si:ni?][?sitiz?nz]老年人mature[m??tju?]vt.使成熟majority[m??d??r?t?]n.多数人minority[ma??n?r?t?m?-]n.少数人conformity[k?n?f??m?t?]n.从众individual[?indi?vid?u?l]n.个体,个人self-reliance[,self-ri?lains]n.依靠自己,自立participate[pɑ:?tisipeit]v.参与behaviorism[b??h e?v??r?z(?)m]n.行为主义psychoanalysis[?saik?u??n?lisis]n.精神分析egocentric[?i:g?u?sentrik]adj.自我中心的;利己主义的mentalprocesses:[?mentl][?pr?u ses]n.心理历程mental[?mentl]心理的founder[?faund?]n.创始人Archimedes[?ɑ?ki?mi?di?z]n.阿基米德mentalprocess[?mentl][?pr?u ses]n.思维过程thought[θ?:t]n.思想,想法cognition[k?ɡ?ni??n]n.认识cognitivecapacity[?k?gnitiv][k??p?siti]n.认知能力ideomotor action[?aidi??m?ut?] [??k??n]n.意识,观念运动motivation[,m?uti'vei??n]n.动机;积极性;推动intention[in?ten??n]n.意图,目的intuitive[in?tju:itiv]adj.直觉的hypotheses[hai?p?θisis]n.假定;臆测conscience[?k?n??ns]n.道德心,良心virtuous['v?:t?u?s]adj.善良的;有道德的curiosity[?kju?ri??siti]n.好奇心generous[?d?en?r?s]adj.慷慨的,大方identity[ai?dentiti]n.身份;同一性fame[feim]n.名声,名望spiritual[?s p?r?tj??l]心灵的soul[s?ul]n.灵魂;心灵physical [?f?z?k?l]身体的,物质的,物理的behavior[bi'heivj?]n.行为,举止;habit[?h?bit]n.习惯muscle[?m?s?l]n.肌肉sign language[sain][?l??gwid?]n.手语,符号语音ut]n.喉咙,嗓子throat[θr?laryngeal[l??rind?i?l]adj.喉部larynx[?l?ri?ks]=voice box[v?is][b?ks]喉头subjective[s?b?d?e ktiv]adj.主观的objective[?b?d?e ktiv]adj.客观的positive/negativeelectrode[?p?z?tiv]/[?neg?tiv][??lektr??d]正/负电极迷宫maze[meiz]=labyrinth[?l?b?rinθ]n.questionnaire[?kwest???ne?]n.问卷subject[?s?b d??kt]n.受实验对象缺点obsession[?b?se??n]n.困disadvantage[?dis?d?vɑ:ntid?]n.扰deaf[def]adj.聋的blind[blaind]adj.盲abnormal[?b?n?:m?l]adj.反常的distracted[di?str?kt]adj.心烦意乱的childamnesia[t?aild][?m?ni:zi?]n儿童健忘症,记忆缺失语言学:linguistics[li??gwistiks].语言学Proto-Indo-European:[pr??.t??-][??nd??][ju?r??pi:?n] n.原始印欧语grammar[?gr?m?]n.语法verb[v?:b]v.动词noun[naun]n.名词adjective[??d?iktiv]n.形容词经济学Economics商业Businessmerchant[?m?:t??nt]n.商人adman[??dm?n]n.广告人bidder[?bid?]n.投标者client[?klai?nt]n.客户potentialcustomer[p??ten??l][?k?st?m?]n.潜在客户skilledlabor[skild][?leib?]n.熟练工人businessowner=employer[?biznis][??un?]=[im?pl?i?]老板businessconference[?biznis][?k?nf?r?ns]=seminar[?seminɑ:]n.会议industrialrevolution [in?d?stri?l][?rev??l u:??n]n.工业革命,产业革命industry[?ind?stri]n.产业,工业infrastructure[?infr??str?kt??]n.基础设施industrycluster:[?ind?stri][?kl?st?]n.产业集群alliance[??lai?ns]=federation[?fed??r ei??n]n.联盟collaborate[k??l?b?reit]vi.合作;协作urbanization[???b?nai?zei??n]n.都市化prosper[?pr?sp?]vi.繁荣flourish['flauri?]n.兴旺;茂盛affluence['?fl??ns]n.富裕,富足poverty[?p?v?ti]n.贫困boomandbust[bu:m][?nd][b?st]繁荣与萧条collapse[k??l?ps]n./vt.崩溃outofbusiness歇业,破产outofwork[aut][?v,?,?v][w?:k]n.失业GreatDepression[greit][di?pre??n]n.大萧条dotcomcrash[e?][d?t?k?m][kr??]n.互联网泡沫tulip mania[?tju:lip][?meini?]n.狂热irrational[i?r???n?l]adj.不理性的sophisticated[s?'f?st?ke?t?d]adj.世故的,老练的;复杂的,尖端的speculation[?spekju?lei??n]n.投机conflict[k?n'flikt,'k?nflikt]n.冲突variation[?ve?ri?ei??n]n.变种panic[?p?nik]n.恐慌consumerism[k?n'sju?m?r?z(?)m]n.消费主义gardening=horticulture[?ɡɑ?dn??]=[?h?:ti?k?lt??]n.园艺remotemountainous region[ri?m?ut][?mauntin?s][?ri:d??n]n.偏远山区brand=trademark[br?nd]=[?treidmɑ:k]n.品牌,商标product[?pr?d?kt]n.产品commodity[k??m?diti]n.商品luxury[?l?k??ri]n.奢侈品specimen[?spes?m?n]n.样本service[?s?:vis]n.服务nativeto[?neitiv][tu]原产至statistics[st??tistiks]n.统计学hailfrom[heil][fr?m]来自于,出产于retail[?ri:teil,ri?teil]n.v.零售promissorynote[?pr?mis?ri][n?ut]n.本票revenue[?revinju:]=income[?ink?m]n.收入disposableincome[di'sp?uz?bl][?ink?m]-money[?m?ni]n.可支配收入percapita [p??k?p?t?]人均subsistencelevel收支平衡的生活水平subsistence[s?b's?st(?)ns]n.存活,生活annualbudget[??nju?l] [?b?d?it]n.年度预算borrowing[?b?r?ui?]n.借款bank loan[b??k][l??n]银行贷款interest['intrist,'int?r-]利息check[t?ek]支票;收据;账单cost[k?st]n.成本rent[rent]n.租金tax[t?ks]n.税金profit[?pr?fit]n.利润withdraw[w?e'dr??]从银行账户中提款annualbudget[??nju?l][?b?d?it]n.年度预算taxincentive[t?ks][in?sentiv]n.税收优惠federal subsidy[?fed?r?l] [?s?bsidi]=financialassistance[f??n?n??l][??sist?ns]n.财政资助//补贴foundation[faun?dei??n]=fund [f?nd]n.基金会theNationalEndowmentfortheArtsfoundation[e?][?n???n(?)l][in?daum?nt][f?][e?][ɑ?t s]n.美国艺术基金会gold[g?uld]n.金子(区:goal目标)monetary[?m?nit?ri]adj.货币的,财政的commercial[k??m?:??l]adj.商业的;营利的guarantee[?g?r?n?ti:]v.担保mortgage[?m?:gid?]n./vt.抵押auction[??:k??n]n./vt.拍卖ns?]n.赞助人patronagepatron[?peitr?n]=sponsor[?sp?[?p?tr?n?d?]n.资助,赞助masscommunications[m?s][k??mju:ni?kei??nz]大众传播工具media[?mi:di?]=communication[k??mju:ni?kei??n]n.媒体advertisement[?d?v?:tism?nt]n.广告advertisingplan[??dv?taizi?][pl?n]n.广告策划billboard[?bilb??d]n.公告牌slogan[?sl?u g?n]n.标语;呐喊声targetagegroup[?tɑ:git][eid?][gru:p]n.目标年龄群市场调查marketresearch/survey[?mɑ:kit][ri?s?:t?]/[?s?:vei]社会学:Sociologymeme[mi:m]n.文化基因longevity[l?n?d?e viti]n.寿命fecundity[fiˋk?nd?t?]n.繁殖力,复制能力fidelity[fi?deliti]n.保真度,精准accuracy['?kjur?si]n.[数]精确度,准确性calendar['k?lind?]n.日历;[天]历法;Jupiter['d?u:pit?]n.[天]木星;朱庇特(罗马神话中的宙斯神)monumental[,m?nju'ment?l]adj.不朽的;纪念碑的;非常的enormous[i'n?:m?s]adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的政治类:PoliticsAmericanRevolution美国革命/独立战争IndependenceWar美国独立战争AmericanCivilWar美国内战theSecondWorldWar第二次世界大战military [?m?l?t?r?-tr?]adj.军事的warrior['w?ri?,'w?:-]n.战士fiftystates55个州federalsystem[?f?d?r?l]联邦制Congress[?k??gr?s]美国国会Senate[?s?n?t]参议院Democrats[?d?m??kr?t]民主党Republicans[r??p?bl?k?n]共和党election[??l?k??n]选举vote[v??t]投票veto[?vi?t??]否决council[?kauns?l]n.委员会legislation[?l?d??s?le???n]立法constitution[?k?nst??tju???n]宪法justice['d??stis]n.司法,法律制裁diplomat[?dipl?m?t]n.外交官bureaucracy[bju?r?kr?si]n.官僚主义anarchism[??n??k?z?m]n.无政府主义centralized ['sentr?laizd]adj.中央集权的radical[?r?d?k?l]adj.激进的,根本的patriotic[,p?tri'?tik]adj.爱国的inspire[in'spai?]vt.激发;鼓舞;release [r??li?s]v.释放colonize[?k?l??na?z]v.拓殖,殖民immigrant[??m?gr?nt]n.移民socialstatus[,s?u??l-?steit?s]n.社会地位讲座场景C—LifeScience生命科学动物学:biology[ba?'ɑl?d?i]生物学speciology[?spi:?i'?l?d?i]n.物种学zoology[z?u??l?d?i]n.动物学microbiology[,ma?kroba?'ɑl?d?i]微生物学marinebiology 海洋生物学entomology[?ent??m?l?d?i]n.昆虫学ornithology[,?rn?'θɑl?d?i]n.鸟类学cellbiology[sel-bai??l?d?i]n.细胞生物学biochemist[,bai?u?kemist]n.生物化学家paleontologist[,peili?n?t?l?d?ist]n.古生物学者creature[?kri:t??]n.生物organism[??:g?niz?m]n.有机物,微生物microbe['ma?krob]微生物plankton['pl??kt?n]浮游生物invertebrate[in?v?:tibr?t]n.无脊椎动物vertebrate[?v?:t?br?t,-?bret]脊椎动物amphibian[?m?fibi?n]n.两栖动物reptile[?reptail]n.爬行动物herbivore['h?:bi?v?:]n.食草动物herbivorous:[h?:?biv?r?s]a.食草的,草食的carnivore['kɑrn?v?r]食肉动物omnivorous[am?niv?r?s]a.杂食的ruminant[?ru:min?nt]n.反刍动物mollusk [,m?l?sk] n.软体动物land creature [l?nd][?kri:t??]陆地生物cold[k?uld]bloodanimal[bl?d][??nim?l]n.冷血动物warm[w?:m] bloodanimal[bl?d][??nim?l]n.热血动物mammal['m?m?l]n. [脊椎]哺乳动物primates[?pra?m?ts]灵长目动物endangeredspecies濒危动物species[?spi:?i:z]n.物种breed[bri:d]n.品种monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polyandrous[,pɑl?'?ndr?s]一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的polygamous[p?'l?g?m?s]一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的community[k??mjun?ti]动物的群落或人的部落flock[flɑk](牛、羊等)群herd[h?d]兽群hordes/swarms [h?rd]/[sw?rm](昆虫等)群生理生化:respiratory system[ris?pai?r?t?ri-'sist?m]n.呼吸系统digestivesystem消化系统nervesystem[n?:v]n.神经系统circulatory['s?kj?l?t?ri]system 循环系统hormonal[h?r'monl]system内分泌系统reproductivesystem生殖系统、urinarysystem 泌尿系统immunesystem[i?mju:n][?sist?m]n.免疫系统motorsystemn.运动系统breed [brid](名词)品种,(动词)繁殖multiply/reproduce['m?lt?pla?]/[,ripr?'dus]繁殖offspring [??f?spri?]n.后代crossbreed['kr?:sbri:d]v.(使)杂交sperm [sp?:m]n.精子spawn[sp?n](鱼、虾、蛙等)孵fertilizer[?f?tl?a?z?]使…受精n.肥料unfertilizedegg[?n'f??t?l a?zd]未受精卵fertilizedegg[,f?:tilaizd-eg]n.受精卵pregnant[?pregn?n t]a.怀孕的emb ryo[,embri?u]n.胚胎hatchling['h?t?li?]n.刚孵化的幼体incubation[,??kju'be??n]孵化fledglings[?fled?li?]n.雏鸟cell[sel]n.细胞.蜂房cytoplasm[,sait?pl?z?m]n.细胞质cellmembrane[sel-'mem?brein]n.细胞膜cellwall[sel-w??l]n.细胞壁nucleus[,nju:kli?s]n.细胞核organelle[?:ɡ??nel]n.细胞器skincells[skin][selz]n.皮肤细胞nervecells[n?:v][selz]n.神经细胞unicellular[,ju:ni?seljul?]adj.单细胞的multicellular [,m?lti?seljul?]adj.多细胞的renewing[ri'nju:i?]n.更新metabolism[m??t?b?liz?m]n.新陈代谢hormone[?h?:m?un]n.激素,荷尔蒙insulin[,insjulin]n.胰岛素secretion[si?kri:??n]n.分泌,分泌物anatomy[??n?t?mi]n.人体解剖organ[??:g?n]n.器官vestige[?v?st?d?]n.退化器官liver[,liv?]n.肝脏lung[l??]n.肺kidney[,kidni]n.肾stomach['st?m?k]n.胃pancreas['p??kr??s]n.胰tissue[?ti?u:,-sju:]n.组织vessel[,ves?l]n.血管tendon[,tend?n] n.腱membrane[,membrein]n.膜gland[ɡl?nd]n.腺digestivegland[ɡl?nd]消化腺digestiveenzyme消化酶tentacle[,tent?kl]n.触角,触须jaw[d??:]n.颌,颚tongue[t??]n.舌头valve[v?lv]n.瓣膜skeletal['skelit?l]adj.骨骼的vertebra[,v?:tibr?]n.脊椎骨=spinal['spa?nl]cord脊椎rib[rib]n.肋骨fingerprint['fi?g??print]n.指纹nail[neil]n.指甲division [di?vi??n]n.部分beak[bi:k]n.喙,(鹰等的)嘴bill[b?l](鸟)嘴tooth[tu:θ]-teeth[ti:θ]n.牙齿toothless[?tuθl?s]adj.无齿的compoundeye[k?m?paund][ai]n.复眼fin[fin]n.鱼鳍scale[skeil]n.鱼鳞forelimb[,f?:lim] n.前肢limb[lim]n.肢,臂;分支wing[wi?]n.翅膀feather [?fee?]n.羽毛tail[teil]n.尾卫生与疾病:hygiene['ha?d?in]卫生hygienic[hai?d?i:nik]adj.卫生学的(hygiene[,haid?i:n]卫生学)sanitation[,s?n?'te??n]公共卫生;卫生设施disease[di?zi:z]n.疾病diagnose[,dai?ɡn?uz]v.诊断drug[dr?ɡ]n.药物medicine[,medisin]n.医学,药dentalclinic牙医诊所surgeon['s??d?(?)n]n.外科医生virus [,vai?r?s]n.病毒fungi[,f?nd?ai]n.真菌类yeast[jist]酵母(菌)parasite['p?r?sa?t]寄生虫parasitic [?p?r??s itik]a.寄生的,寄生虫的inflection传染/感染paralysis[p??r?lisis]n.麻痹,瘫痪cardiac[,kɑ:di?k]adj.心脏(病)的antibiotic [??ntibai??tik]n.抗生素antibody [,?nti?b?di] n.抗体vaccine[,v?ksi:n]n.疫苗fungicide[,f?nd?isaid]n.杀真菌剂营养学:nutrient[,nju:tri?nt]n.营养物质calorie [?k?l?ri]卡路里(热量单位)protein[,pr?uti:n]n.蛋白质starch淀粉glucose[,ɡlu:k?us]n.葡萄糖carbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物(淀粉)vitamin[?vit?min,vai-]n.维生素,维他命malnutrition[?m?lnju?tri??n]n.营养不良,营养不足decaffeinated[di:'k?fineitid]adj.不含咖啡因toxic[,t?ksik]adj.有毒的toxin毒素植物学:botany 植物学botanical/botanic植物学的botanist[,b?t?nist] n.植物学家herb [h?:b]n.草本植物parasiteplant['?rɡ?n]寄生植物aquatic['?nju?l]plant水生植物horticulture[?h?rt??k?lt??]园艺学system系统forest[,f?rist]n.森林jungle [?d???g?l]n.热带丛林tropicalrainforest[,tr?pikl-rein-?f?rist]n.热带雨林Tropicalsavannaforest[,tr?pikl-s??v?n?-?f?rist]n.热带稀树草原deciduousforest[di?sid?u?s-?f?rist]n.落叶林Deciduousmonsoonforest[di?sid?u?s-m?n?su:n-?f?rist]n.落叶季雨林Temperaterainforest[,temp?rit-rein-?f?rist]n.温带雨林Temperateevergreenforest[,temp?r it-?ev?ɡr i:n-?f?rist]n.温带绿叶林subarctic[,s?b?ɑ:ktik]adj.亚寒带flowering tree [?flau?ri:i?][tri:]n.会开花的树lumber[,l?mb?]n.木材lawn[l?n]草坪草原meadow[?med?u]n.草地;牧场grassland[,ɡrɑ:sl?nd]n.prairie[?pre?ri]n.大草原;牧场ranch[rɑ:nt?]n.大农场;大牧场shrub[?r?b]=bush[br??]灌木丛cluster[?kl?st?z]n.串,簇;群,组vi.群集,丛生marsh[mɑ:?]n.沼泽;湿地beach[bi:t?]n.海滩alpineregion[,?lpain-?ri:d??n]n.高山区blossom[[?blɑ:s?m]花群、开花root[ru:t]n.根stem[stem]n.茎stalk[st?k]杆petal[,petl]n.花瓣bud[b?d]花蕾column['kɑl?m]花柱pistil[,pistil]n.雌蕊stamen[,steimen]n.雄蕊wither/shrivel/fade凋谢seed[si:d]n.种子germinate[?d??:mineit]vi.发芽.shoot(sprout)[?ut][spra?t]嫩芽,抽枝rhizome['raiz?um]n.根茎,根状茎,地下茎trunk[tr??k]树干bark[bɑrk]树皮crown[kraun]n.树冠canopy [,k?n?pi] n.天篷:树林中最上面一层branch[br?nt?]树枝twig [tw?ɡ]小树枝leaf [li:f](leaves复)n.叶子leaflet['lifl?t]小叶peel(skin)[pil]果皮husk[h?sk](干)果壳/(玉米)苞叶shell(硬)[??l]果壳barren['b?r?n]贫瘠的;不生育的pesticide[?pestisaid]n.农药|杀虫剂insecticide[in'sektisaid]n.杀虫剂,农药granary(grain store) ['gr?n?ri]粮仓annual 一年一生的perennial[p?'r?n??l]多年一生的rosette[ro'z?t](叶的)丛生mutualism[,mju:tju?liz?m,?mju:t?u?liz?m]n.共生symbiosis[?simbi??usis]n.共生,共生关系symbiotic[,simbai??tik]adj.共生的考过的动物:reptile[?reptail]n.爬行动物rodent[?r?ud?nt]n.啮齿动物gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee[?t?imp?n?zi:]n.黑猩猩baboon[b?'bu:n]n.狒狒anthropoid[??nθr?p?id]a.类人猿的beast[bist]野兽wolf[wulf]n.狼cheetah['t?it?]猎豹bear[b??]vt.熊lions[?lai?n]n.狮子rat [r?t]=mouse[maus](复数mice)n.鼠squirrel[?skwir?l]n.松鼠kangaroo[?k??g??ru:]n.袋鼠marmot['mɑ:m?t]n.土拨鼠chipmunk[?t?ipm??k]n.花栗鼠meerkat['mi?k?t]n.猫鼬elephant[?elif?nt]n.大象mammoth[?m?m?θ]n.猛犸象,长毛象cattle[?k?tl]n.牛bison['baisn]n.美洲野牛buffalo[?b?f?l?u]n.水牛rhinoceros[rai'n?s?r?s]n.犀牛zebra[?zi:br?,?ze:-]n.斑马hippopotamuses[?hip??p?t?m?s]=hippo['hip?u]n.河马deer[di?]n.鹿camel[?k?m?l]n.骆驼antelope['?nt?lop]羚羊rabbit[?r?bit]n.兔子pigeon[?pid?i n]n.鸽子crow[kr?u]n.乌鸦eagle[?i:gl]n.鹰hawk[h?:k]n.鹰owl[aul]n.猫头鹰songbird[,s??b?:d]n.鸣禽hummingbird[?h?mi?b?:d]n.蜂鸟bat[b?t]n.蝙蝠colubrid[?kɑl?br?d,?kɑlj?-]n.无毒蛇类venomoussnake[?ven?m?s][sneik]n.有毒的蛇dinosaur[?dain?s?:]n.恐龙Tyrannosaurusrex[tai?r?n?'s?:r?s][reks]n.霸王龙alligator[??ligeit?]= crocodile[?kr?k?dail]n.鳄鱼turtle['t?tl]龟snake[sneik]n.蛇frog[fr?g]n.青蛙chameleon变色龙lizard[?liz?d]n.蜥蜴snail[sneil]n.蜗牛penguin[?pe?gwin]n.企鹅otter[??t?]n.水獭shrimp[?rimp]n.虾crayfish [,kreifi?]n.龙虾clam[kl?m]n.蛤crab[kr?b]n.螃蟹coral[?k?r?l]n.珊瑚beaver[?bi:v?]n.海狸dolphin[?d?lfin]n.海豚starfish[?stɑr?f??]n.海星octopus['?kt?p?s]n.章鱼whale[hweil]n.鲸鱼eel[i:l]n.鳗鱼flounder[,flaund?]n.比目鱼squid[skwid]n.鱿鱼jellyfish[,d?elifi?]n.水母oyster[,?ist?]n.牡蛎sponge[sloθ]海绵insect[?insekt]n.昆虫bug[b?ɡ]n.虫子worm[w?m]虫/蠕虫。
托福综合写作学科分类今天咱们来聊聊托福综合写作里的学科分类呀。
你们知道吗,托福综合写作就像是一个知识小宇宙,里面有好多不同学科的知识在里面呢。
有一种学科分类是关于自然科学的。
比如说动物方面的知识。
就像小熊猫,它们长得超级可爱,毛茸茸的。
在托福综合写作里可能会讲到小熊猫的生活习性哦。
小熊猫喜欢住在高高的树上,它们的家就在那些树枝搭成的小窝里。
要是题目是关于小熊猫的生存面临哪些威胁,那文章可能就会提到森林被砍伐,小熊猫的家越来越小啦。
还有它们吃的竹子要是不够了,小熊猫就会饿肚子呢。
这就像我们如果家里的小零食突然没有了,我们也会不开心一样。
还有关于植物的自然科学内容。
像向日葵,向日葵总是朝着太阳的方向生长。
那在托福综合写作里可能会说向日葵这种向着太阳生长的特性对它自己有什么好处呢。
也许是能让它更好地吸收阳光,就像我们晒太阳会感觉很舒服,向日葵也需要阳光来让自己长得高高壮壮的。
如果说有一个关于植物在不同环境下生长的题目,就像沙漠里的植物和森林里的植物有什么不同。
沙漠里的仙人掌,它的身体胖胖的,能储存很多水分,因为沙漠里水很少很少。
森林里的大树呢,周围有好多小伙伴,还有充足的雨水,大树就可以长得又高又大,枝叶繁茂。
除了自然科学,还有社会科学方面的内容。
比如说历史故事。
就像古代的城堡,城堡是用来保护人们的。
城堡有高高的城墙,厚厚的大门。
在托福综合写作里可能会探讨城堡的建造对当时社会的意义。
就像我们搭积木一样,只不过古人搭的是真正的大城堡。
城堡可以让住在里面的人很安全,不会被敌人轻易攻打。
而且城堡里还有很多不同的房间,有储存粮食的,有士兵住的。
这就像我们的家有卧室、厨房一样,每个房间都有它的作用。
再比如说文化方面的内容。
像不同国家的节日。
咱们中国有春节,春节的时候大家都喜气洋洋的,贴春联、放鞭炮、吃饺子。
那在别的国家也有很有趣的节日。
在托福综合写作里可能会比较不同国家节日背后的文化内涵。
比如西方的圣诞节,有圣诞树,树上挂满了彩灯和小礼物。
托福TPO分类听力练习对话1 学生与图书馆管理员:TPO13C2 / TPO9C2/TPO1C1 / TPO14C1/TPO4C1 / TPO10C22 学生与老师谈论文:TPO6C2 /TPO12C1 / TPO13C1 /TPO22C2 / TPO17C1谈problem:TPO21C2/ TPO23C2/TPO16C2 /TPO10C1 /TPO4C2生物1, 动物行为:/ Tpo3l1 habitat/ Tpo8l1 habitat selection / Tpo16l3 foraging2, 动物的超能力:Tpo20l4 躲避天敌/ Tpo18l4冬眠/ Tpo9l4 linguistics 动物语言/ Tpo23L3 dolphin发声法/ Tpo24l1 crocodile vocalization3, 珍稀动植物:TPO6l2 澳洲珍稀物种4, 动植物进化史:Tpo21l3 毒蛇/ Tpo24l3 megafauna (mammoth)5, 动植物与环境的互动:Tpo13l2 海狸/ Tpo22l3 人类活动的影响6, 生理:Tpo12l1 染色体艺术史1, 艺术形式:Tpo12l3 opera/ Tpo16l2 piano/ Tpo18l2 sculpture/ Tpo23l4 choreography2, 技术手段:Tpo15l3 莎草纸/ Tpo16l4 着色玻璃/ TPO17L1 radio-carbon dating3, 艺术史上的知名人物:Tpo1l1 当代绘画艺术家/ Tpo24l2 modern dance: a ballerina4, 文学1),文学形式:Tpo20l3 folktale2),文学人物3),其它:Tpo6l3 writing天文1,天体形成的过程/天体物质2,天文观测手段:Tpo3l4 spectroscopy3,对某些现象的假想:Tpo24l4 shield volcano on Venus4,知名天文现象:Tpo18l1 太阳黑子5,人类对天文知识的应用:Tpo14l3 navigation地质1,一些地质现象形成的原因:TPO16L1 Lechuguilla2,地质勘探手段:Tpo1l2 uranium-lead dating technique3,一些知名的地质现象:Tpo20l2 ice age4,环境科学:Tpo11l3 wetlands/ Tpo17l2 地球绕太阳影响气候/ Tpo23l2反照率。
实用标准TOEFL分类词汇根据“最强的天使”的托福分类词汇及语音文件汇总整理1 地理 GEOGRAPHY geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线,经线parallel 平行圈,纬线latitude 纬度longitude 经度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形,地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的,陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism(geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物,沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石Grain纹理Crystallize 使成型Split 分裂2地质类geology 地质学geologist 地质学家crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer (stratum,复数strata) 地层plate 板块fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift (crack; split) 断裂disintegration (decompositio n) 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩quartz 石英limestone 石灰岩marble 大理石granite 花岗岩lithogenous 岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈magma 岩浆mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床platinum 白金,铂silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞,水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口lava 火山岩浆volcanic 火山的volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰earthquake ( quake; tremor;seism) 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic wave 地震波cataclysm 灾变3天文类1 ASTRONOMY 天文astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly bod y) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体,类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转,绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星originate 起源terrestrial 内陆的Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空,外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员,航天员space suit 宇航服,航天服space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员star 恒星stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona 日冕leap year 闰年rotation 自转analogy 类比methane 甲烷alcohol 酒精fraction 部分incorporate 体现round off 使完美derive 起源chromosphere 色球photosphere 色球层debris 小碎屑convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission 发射,散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪4考古,人类anthropologist 人类学家paleoanthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人(科)homogeneous 同一种族(种类)的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘ruins 遗迹,废墟remains 遗迹,遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物,文物antique 古物,古董antiquity 古代,古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age (青)铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的5生态类ECOLOGY 生态学ecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonospher e) 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant 污染物noxious (toxic) 有毒的fumes (有毒)废气waste 废物solid waste 固体垃圾sewage (wastewater) 污水sewage purification 污水净化sewage disposal 污水处理decibel (噪音)分贝6气象类Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层current (气)流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿;水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水breeze 微风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风funnel 漏斗,漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastroph e) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾7化学类chemistry 化学chemical property 化学特性,化学性质chemical composition ( mak eup ) 化学成分chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应chemical change 化学变化chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter; materia l) 物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧nitrogen 氮helium 氦carbon 碳calcium 钙silicon 硅sulfur 硫iodine 碘compound 化合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术petroleum (oil) 石油petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油refine 提炼,精炼gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷solution 溶液dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive 聚合力adhesive 粘合力atom 原子nucleus 原子核electron 电子neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子particle 粒子ion 离子particle accelerator 粒子加速器catalysis (复数catalyses)催化作用catalyst 催化剂artificial 人造的synthetic 合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye 染料cosmetics 化妆品8物理类PHYSICS 物理physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 加速度equilibrium 平衡statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对gravity 地心引力vibration 震动medium (media) 媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch 音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance 回声,洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性,磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part) 电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片,集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大amplify (动词)放大amplifier 放大器,扬声器oscillation 震荡optical 光(学)的optical fiber 光学纤维lens 透镜,镜片convex 凸透镜concave 凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜magnifier 放大镜spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线infrared rays 红外线microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque 不透明的9数学类MATHEMATICS mathematics 数学mathematician 数学家arithmetic 算术calculation 计算calculator 计算器abacus 算盘numeral 数字sum 和total (sum total) 总和,总数aggregate 总计fraction 分数,小数decimal 十进位,(十进)小数digit 数字,数位percentage 百分比addition 加法plus 加上subtraction 减法minus 减去multiplication 乘法multiplication table 乘法表multiply 乘以times乘以power 乘方square 平方division 除法divide 除以algebra 代数quantity 表示量的数(或符号)equation 方程式,等式formula 公式root 根geometry 几何geometric 几何的dimension 维parallel adj. 平行的 n. 平行线quadrilateral 四边形square 正方形area 面积rectangle 长方形,矩形polygon 多边形cube 立方形volume 体积sphere 球形circle 圆形ellipse (oval) 椭圆形cone 圆锥形circumference 圆周diameter 直径radius 半径triangle 三角形angle 角degree (角) 度calculus 微积分differential calculus 微分学integral calculus 积分学function 函数probability 概率statistics 统计quantitative 量的,数量的qualitative 质的,质量的deduction (inference) 推论,演绎induction 归纳10农业类AGRICULTURE 农业agriculture (farming) 农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤;土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂,泥沙clay 黏土,湿土clod 土块agrarian 土地的,农业的pilot (experimental ) 试验性的harrow( rake) 耙,耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot (patch)小块地ranch 农场,牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲,锹shovel (平头) 铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till) 耕作sow(seed) 播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉manure(fertilizer) 肥料spray 喷洒(农药)insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal) 谷物,谷粒granary(grain store) 粮仓mill 碾,磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟,小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法,营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed) 温室cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜spinach 菠菜broccoli 花椰菜cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子pepper 辣椒pumpkin 南瓜tomato 西红柿beet 甜菜carrot 胡萝卜radish 小红萝卜pea 豌豆soybean 大豆celery 芹菜garlic 大蒜leek 韭菜onion 洋葱头potato 土豆peanut 花生sesame 芝麻cotton 棉花husbandry (animal husbandr y) 畜牧业pasture 牧场livestock 家畜fowl (poultry) 家禽cattle 牛,家畜buffalo 野牛dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场hay (作饲料用)干草haystack 干草堆fodder (feed) 饲料trough 饲料槽barn(shed) 牲口槽stable 厩,马厩cowshed 牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) 猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏roost (hen house) 鸡舍fish farm 养鱼场aquaculture 水产养殖动物类分类词汇及语音文件 1111 动物ANIMALDarvinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目family 科genus 属suborder 亚目species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic( life) 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian (amphibiousanimal) 两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物insect 昆虫antenna (复数 antennae) 触须larva 幼虫,幼体camouflage 伪装pest 害虫worm 虫,蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous ) 食肉的predator 捕食者prey (动词)捕食(名词)被捕食的动物scavenger 食腐动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀,翼bill (鸟)嘴beak (鹰等的)嘴nest 筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼bat 蝙蝠gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat 栖息地rodent 啮齿动物(如松鼠)primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物(如珊瑚)shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 对虾crab 螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge 海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟,虫的叫声)唧唧squeak (老鼠等)吱吱porpoise 海豚sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群flock (鸟,羊等)群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch (花等)束,捧beaver 海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的,一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的,一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的,一雌多雄的trapper 诱捕动物者rhinoceros 犀牛niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官,遗迹oyster 牡蛎fertilizer 使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism 新陈代谢baboon 狒狒breed (名词)品种,(动词)繁殖multiply (reproduce)繁殖hatch 孵spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵offspring (young) 解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物microbe 微生物herbivorous 食草的carnivorous 食肉的omnivorous 杂事的植物类分类词汇及语音文件 12 12 植物PLANTbotany 植物学botanist 植物学家botanical (botanic) 植物的plant 植物aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层,顶棚foliage (leaf) 叶leaflet 小叶rosette (叶的)丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽,抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel(skin) 果皮shell (硬) 果壳husk (干)果壳;(玉米)苞叶trunk 树干branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝bark 树皮jungle 丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地,牧场prairie 大草原shrub (bush) 灌木cluster 一簇(灌木)fern 蕨类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用symbiosis 共生wither (shrivel, fade) 凋谢pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollination 授粉cell 细胞tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的orchid 兰花pollinate 授粉crossbreed 杂交shrub 灌木sequoia 红杉root pressure 根压cohesion-tension 凝聚压力bore 腔,肠column 花柱symbiotic 共生的immunity 免疫organism 生物,有机物necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物(淀粉),糖类glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命calorie 卡路里(热量单位)malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养13政治类POLITICS 政治constitution 宪法legislation 立法Democrats 民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment 修正案Congress 美国国会Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的,市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态maneuver 擦略tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote 投票officeholding 任职veto 否决American Revolution 美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖,殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 谴责,指控welfare 福利patronage 资助,赞助unionization 联合,结合14教育类EDUCATION 教育educator 教育家higher education 高等教育moral character 道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友treasurer 生活委员,财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程(总称)discipline 学科,管理learn by rote 死记硬背音乐类分类词汇及语音文件 15 15 音乐MUSICmusical instrument 乐器orchestra 乐队string 弦乐wind 管乐shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓footbeat 点脚,跺脚percussion 震荡,打击乐器note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐16心理类PSYCHOLOGY 心理mental 心理的physical 身体的,物质的,物理的spiritual 心灵的conformity 从众majority 多数人minority 少数人threshold judgment (心理学)初始性判断subject 受实验对象人物类分类词汇及语音文件 1717 人物PEOPLEartist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格,体裁eccentric 古怪的odd 怪诞的,奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的,不可思议的unique 独一无二的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的,无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的,情感的sentimental 感伤的,多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的,无生命力的patriarchal 家长的,族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的nervous 紧张的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的outstanding 杰出的versatile (人)多才多艺的,(物体)多功能的household 家庭的,家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的symbolic 象征性的immortal 不朽的,神nostalgia 怀旧主义,思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的。