研究生英语教程Unit1

. relationships
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Starting out—Task 1
Step Two Choose the most important three attributes for people in each role, and give your reasons.
Reference: employee: good health, cooperativeness employer: good health, great communicative skills,
business, along with the successful building up of the social
network.
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Starting out—Task 1
Step Three
Based on your work done in the previous two steps, tell each other what you would like to be after graduation, an employer or an employee? Give reasons for your choice.
2. According to NACE, employment situation in 2007 was more
optimistic, with more college graduates finding jobs and
with a higher starting pay than in this year. T
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Starting out
Audio script
Job Market—an Extra Hard Test for New College Graduates

新时代研究生学术英语教程1第一单元Here is an essay with over 1,000 words on the topic "New Era Graduate Academic English Course 1 Unit 1":In the new era of globalization and technological advancements, the acquisition of academic English proficiency has become increasingly crucial for graduate students. As they embark on their research journeys, the ability to effectively communicate their ideas, findings, and insights to an international audience has become a critical skill. The "New Era Graduate Academic English Course 1 Unit 1" aims to equip students with the necessary tools and strategies to thrive in this dynamic academic landscape.The first unit of this course focuses on the fundamental aspects of academic writing, a cornerstone of graduate-level research and scholarship. Students will be introduced to the core elements of academic discourse, including the organization and structure of research papers, the use of appropriate language and tone, and the importance of coherence and clarity in their written communication.One of the primary objectives of this unit is to help students develop a strong foundation in the conventions of academic writing. Thisincludes understanding the purpose and structure of different sections within a research paper, such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion. By mastering these components, students will be better equipped to effectively convey their research objectives, contextualize their work within the existing body of knowledge, and present their findings in a logical and compelling manner.Furthermore, this unit emphasizes the significance of academic voice and tone. Graduate students are expected to adopt a formal, objective, and impersonal style in their writing, demonstrating their depth of understanding and critical thinking abilities. Through targeted exercises and feedback, students will learn to avoid common pitfalls, such as the overuse of personal pronouns, colloquial language, and emotional appeals, and instead cultivate a more academic and authoritative writing style.In addition to the structural and stylistic aspects of academic writing, this unit also addresses the fundamental principles of effective paragraph and sentence construction. Students will explore techniques for developing coherent and well-structured paragraphs, including the use of topic sentences, supporting evidence, and logical transitions. They will also delve into the nuances of sentence structure, exploring ways to vary sentence length, complexity, and rhythm to enhance the overall flow and readability of their work.One of the key focuses of this unit is the development of critical thinking and analysis skills. Graduate students are expected to engage in in-depth research, synthesize complex information, and formulate original arguments. This unit will guide students in honing these essential skills, teaching them how to critically evaluate sources, identify key themes and patterns, and construct persuasive and well-reasoned arguments.Furthermore, this unit emphasizes the importance of academic integrity and proper citation practices. Students will learn how to effectively incorporate and cite sources, ensuring that they avoid plagiarism and maintain the highest standards of scholarly ethics. They will be introduced to various citation styles, such as APA and MLA, and will practice implementing these guidelines throughout their academic writing.Another crucial aspect of this unit is the development of research skills. Graduate students are expected to be proficient in searching for, evaluating, and integrating relevant literature into their work. This unit will equip students with strategies for effectively navigating academic databases, identifying authoritative sources, and synthesizing the existing body of knowledge to support their research objectives.In addition to the core components of academic writing, this unit also addresses the importance of audience awareness and professional communication. Students will learn how to tailor their writing style and tone to specific academic or professional contexts, ensuring that their work is accessible and impactful to their intended readers. This includes strategies for effectively communicating complex ideas to both specialist and non-specialist audiences.Throughout this unit, students will have ample opportunities to apply the concepts and skills they have learned through a series of practical exercises and writing assignments. These activities will not only reinforce their understanding of academic writing but also provide valuable feedback and guidance from experienced instructors.By the end of this unit, students will have developed a comprehensive set of academic writing skills that will serve them well throughout their graduate studies and beyond. They will be equipped with the confidence and competence to effectively communicate their research, engage in scholarly discourse, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.In conclusion, the "New Era Graduate Academic English Course 1 Unit 1" is a crucial stepping stone in the academic journey ofgraduate students. By mastering the fundamental principles of academic writing, critical thinking, and research skills, students will be well-positioned to excel in their graduate programs and to make meaningful contributions to the global academic community.。

04 Cultural knowledge expansion cultural background
单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的 提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果 ，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击 此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼 ，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请 尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处 添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为 了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量 言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加 正文 10*16
Graduate English Comprehensive Course
(Part 2) Uni
目录
CONTENTS
• Course Introduction • Text Analysis • Language skill improvement • Cultural knowledge expansion • Classroom interaction and discussion • After class homework and requirements
Academic writing style
Adopting an academic writing style that is clear, concise, and formal, with proper use of citations and references.
Oral skills
Public speaking skills
Developing the ability to speak confidently and effectively in public, including the ability to deliver clear and coherent presentations.

1. line1 Globalization is steadily and inexorably knitting separate national economies into a single world economy. Basic economic forces so far have outweighed political efforts to slow this trend. Efforts to buck the effects of economic integration have ranged from ant-globalization protests to Congressional efforts to prevent American companies from reincorporating abroad.1.全球化正持续不断地把各国相互独立的经济联合成一个统一的世界经济。

迄今为止，在延缓这一趋势的过程中，基本的经济力量比政治力量强大的多。

从反全球化的抗议到美国国会设法阻止美国公司在海外重组公司而做的努力都是为反对经济一体化效应而做的努力。

3. line13 Another lesser-noticed benefit is that it makes it harder for governments to sustain excessively high tax rates.3.另一个较少被关注的好处是全球化使政府很难再维持一个过高的税率。

4. line25 The main draw has been a low 10% corporate tax rate. Ireland has boomed from investment inflows and now has a per-capita income level higher than Great Britain or France.4.最具吸引力的就是10%的低水平的公司税率。

Unit 1academia n. 学术界acumen n. 敏锐，聪明ambiguous adj.不明确的ambiguity n. 不明确brink n. 始发点，边缘collaborative adj. 协作的，合作的collaborator n. 合作者，协作者contributor n. 投稿人，撰稿人conviction n. 坚定的信仰或主张expertise n. 专门知识，专门技能foster v. 培养，促进，助长headhunter n. 猎头lone wolf n. 自行其是的人，好独处的人mindset n. 思维定式mitigate v. 缓和，减轻mobilize v. 争取支持，动用资源newbie n. 新手outshine v. 优于…，使…黯然失色perception n. 看法，认识prioritize v. 使…优先prospective adj. 预期的，未来的，可能的scary adj. 可怕的studied adj. 经过深思熟虑的teamwork n. 合作，协作，配合transition n. 过渡，转变Unit 2aftertaste n. 余味apportion v.分配，分摊apprentice n. 学徒broth n. 肉汤，米汤，菜汤ceramic adj. 陶瓷的chili pepper n. 辣椒粉chrysanthemum n. 菊collective adj. 集体的，共同的commemorate v. 纪念，庆祝culinary adj. 烹饪用的drainage 排水，排污dynasty 朝代eccentric adj. 怪异的，古怪的exquisite adj. 精致的facet n. （性格、情况等的）一个方面fare n. 食物ferment v.使…发酵filling n. 馅fragrance n. 香味garnish n. （添加在食物上的）装饰菜ginger n. 姜glutinous adj. 很黏的greasy adj. 多脂的，沾油脂的harmonious adj. 和睦的，融洽的humility n. 谦逊，谦恭improvise v. 即席而作，即兴表演light adj. 味道清淡的，浓度低的，易消化的lingering adj. 经久不消的，久缠不去的literally adv.逐字的，照着原文longevity n. 长寿maw n. 动物的嘴（咽喉）precept n. 戒律，准则reed n. 芦苇reign n. 统治时期renowned adj. 著名的scallop n. 扇贝seniority n. 年长，职位高specialty n. 特色菜stew v.炖，焖tendon n. （连接肌肉和骨头的）腱toast n. 祝酒triangular adj. 三角形的whiff n. 一阵气味Unit 3advance adj.预先的，提前的affectionately adv. 亲切的，有感情的annotate v. 加注解于articulate v. 清楚地表达，清晰地吐字banish v. 驱逐，赶走bereavement n. 丧亲（之痛），丧友（之痛）cataclysmic adj. 剧变的，骤变的conservative adj. 保守的conservatively adv. 保守地cop n. 警察craft v. 精制defenseless adj. 未设防的，无防备的deftly adj. 灵巧的，敏捷的derivative adj. 无独创性的，无新意的earmark n. 特征enticing adj. 吸引人的，诱人的fledgling adj. 新生的，年轻的fundamentalist n. 信奉正统基督教的人goblet n.无柄高脚杯hedge v. 避免作出正面回答installment n. （分期连载的）部分，（分期出版的）分册intellectualism n. 理智magisterial adj.权威的，威严的，盛气凌人的maturity n. 成熟note n. 口气，调子orphan v.孤儿outdo v. 超过，胜过outright adj. 完全的，彻底的plotline n. 情节主线，主要情节promise v. 有…的希望，使…很有可能prose n. 散文punch n. 宾治，潘趣酒quibble n.小小的不满/批评，吹毛求疵quirky adj. 古怪的，奇特的resistible adj. 可抵抗的，可抑制的seductive adj. 诱人的，有魅力的sour adj.敌对的，不愉快的unadorned adj.未装饰的，不加渲染的undercurrent n. 潜伏的情绪villain n. 坏人，反面角色witchcraft n. 巫术wizard n. 男巫Unit 4accommodate v. 迎合，迁就altruistic adj. 利他主义的，无私的avalanche n.雪崩bolster v. 改进cuddle v. （尤指喜爱而）搂抱，拥抱elusive adj. 难以表述的，难懂的frenzied adj. 狂乱的，疯狂的，异常激动的impair v.削弱，损伤，损害impairment n. 削弱，损伤，损害liaison n. 密切的联系，关系mundane adj. 平凡的，平淡的myriad adj. 无数的，不计其数的neurotic adj. 神经质的，神经过敏的，极度焦虑（害怕）的obsessive adj. 着迷的physiological adj. 生理机能的，生理系统的platonic adj. 纯友谊的，柏拉图式的，纯精神恋爱的prerequisite n.必备条件，先决条件，前提psychosomatic adj. 由精神压力所引起的，（疾病）由心理上的惧怕（焦虑）引起的reminisce v. 缅怀往事，追忆往事retard v.阻碍，减缓retardation n. 阻碍，减缓witticism n.妙语，俏皮话，诙谐语wry adj. 露出怪样的，苦笑的Unit 9clog v. 堵塞cram v. 把…塞入crash v. 借宿demolish v. 摧毁，拆掉development n.新开发的房产，新建住宅区dire adj. 极其严重的，极可怕的divert v. 改变（用途或方向）dole n. 救济金eligible adj.合格的，有资格的eliminate v. 消除，根除flatline v. 降到很低的水平hellhole n. 地狱般的地方，环境极恶劣的地方initiative n. 计划，措施lot n. 【尤美】一块地（用于建房或其它用途）lousy adj. 糟糕的mismatch n. 不匹配，不协调mortgage n. 抵押借款，按揭pending adj. 未定的，待决的raze v. 把（城镇、建筑物）夷为平地skimp v. 舍不得花（足够的钱、时间等），克扣slump v. 暴跌soar v. 骤升，猛增stall v. 停滞不前status quo n. 现状subsidize v.给予补助traction n. 牵引力virtually adv.事实上，实际上voucher n. 代金券，凭证windfall n. 意外之财。

Unit 1 Understanding Academic EnglishObjectives:- Learn the purpose of this course- Get to understand different voices that people often use in their communication - Understand features of academic English- Build your learning ability via the Internet- Meet your teacher and new classmatesContents- Teacher’s introduction- Reading and discussion: How’s your voice?- Language focus: word choice, and structural complexity- Writing practice: understanding different styles- Rewriting practice: consolidating academic English writing skills- Classroom extension: Internet survey on features of academic English1.Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskDo you know how to write a paper with an academic voice? Most Chinese students use only the casual voice for their daily life purposes, which does not fit the academic writing style. When you can learn to use an academic voice and a formal writing style, you will gain authority and respect for yourself as a researcher as well as a research writer.Read the following three texts with different kinds of voice and tell what they differ in.1.2 Reading PassageHOW’S YOUR VOICE?Casual VoiceHey, dude, no way you can sit here!Huzzah! We won! We beat ‘em! Ha! Blue Vampires. They think they’re so great. We showed ‘em. Go Aardvarks!Yuck! I hate broccoli with those nasty, stinkin’ mush-rooms. Why do we gotta have these things again, man?!www, we gotta cancel the Consultative VoiceYou’re not allowed to sit inthis area, because it’s asafety concern.I’m so glad for our team, thegreat Fighting Aardvarks,and now together wecelebrate this victory.I’d prefer not to have thisparticular vegetable again, ifit’s possible. Does anyonereally enjoy this combinationof mushrooms and broccoli?It’s possible that our partymight have to be postponedor canceled because of theAcademic VoiceThis area must be keptclear for foot traffic.The Fighting Aardvarksclaimed victory over theBlue Vampires in thefinal round tonight. Bothteams competed well andthe fans are enthusiastic.Very few people enjoythis broccoli andmushroom dish.Therefore, it will not beserved again within thiscalendar year, or theservers will be killed.Due to the inclementweather, the AnnualTattoo Party will notparty ‘cause it’s totally raining like crazy! Sweeeet! I love those Indiana Jones movies! They’re awesome with the whip and the bugs and stuff. Everyone loves those flicks!bad weather that’s threaten-ing our location.Indiana Jones films arereally very popular withyour age group. Critics can’tdecide why such an oldcharacter is so appealing.take place this Thursdayat Finster Park. Theplanning committee willreschedule the event andrelease information assoon as possible.Hollywood is perplexedat the reasons that Indi-ana Jones is so favoredby such youngaudiences. The answerremains a mystery.1.3Reading Comprehension1.3.1 Do you know in which situation these voices are appropriately used? And why?1.3.2 Read the passage carefully again and decide the differences among them.2Language Focus2.1 Word ChoiceAcademic voice can be well expressed by choosing words. Here are some words to acquire:Here are some words to avoid.2.1.1 Can you match the formal and informal words and phrases?2.2 Structural complexity‘Syntax’ is the technical word that is used to describe sentence structure. It is extremely important that well-arranged sentences carry an academic voice, whereas choppy, simple sentences sound oral and colloquial. Sentences that are too short and poorly connected can be irritating to read. Conversely, sentences that are too long and rambling are difficult to follow and are likely to be confusing. Use a sentence length that allows your thoughts to flow clearly. Rewrite the following sentences into a text with well-ordered sentences and structural complexity.A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses. It indicates the relationship between the elements. These elements connect. We often find the following thing. In only one single sentence a conjunction contains one or more ideas. These ideas may be equal or unequal in importance. Ideas are equal, and we call them coordinate ideas. For example, John studies electronics. Helen studies Computing. These two sentences can become a compound sentence. It shows the relationship between the two ideas. We want to maintain the equality of the ideas. We call the clauses in the new sentence coordinate clauses.3.Writing Practice3.1Understanding different stylesRead the following texts and decide where they come from.1At AT & Bell Laboratories infrared lasers are being used to capture live microbes. Working like optical tweezers, the pressure of the laser light traps minute objects in itsfocus point. Researchers are using the device to move around viruses bacteria, and other cells they are study under the microscope. After several hours, however, the focus light will heat up the microbes to a boiling point.____________________________________________________________________ 2All we ask is that you spend two hours of your time attending a Barratt Sales presentation. There, you’ll discover the ben efits of timeshare. At Barratt we call it Holiday Ownership because that’s why it really is. You’ll be under no obligation to purchase, but we think you may be tempted._____________________________________________________________________ 3There were only two Americans stopping at the hotel. They did not know any of the people they passed on the stairs on their way to and from their room. Their room was on the second floor facing the sea. It also faced the public garden and the war monument. There were big palms and green benches in the public garden. In the good weather there was always an artist with his easel. Artists liked the way the palms grew and the bright colors of the hotels facing the gardens and the sea.4Although many studies have already been done, more studies are needed to determine the effects of microcomputer-assisted instruction in various teaching situations.____________________________________________________________________ 5The parents of a seven-year-old Australian boy woke to find a giant python crushing and trying to swallow him. The incident occurred in Cairns, Queensland and the boy’s mother, Mrs. Dryden said: “it was like a horror movie. It was a hot night. He suddenly started screaming. We rushed to the bedroom to find a huge snake trying to strangle him. ” Mrs. Dryden and her husband, Peter, tried to stab the creature with knives, but the python bit the boy several times before escaping.____________________________________________________________________3.2. Choosing appropriate stylesNow you are going to write an essay in class for your teacher’s assignments. Which of the following sentences you would like to use for your writing?1. He couldn’t finish his work in the time given.2. The first set of results were compiled and presented by the other group of students.3. I would like to focus on the following areas of research: …4. They argued that this methodology was unreliable.5. In addition, the data was used to focus on the following hypothesis.6. I enjoyed my English class with you and am having a good experience this semester.7. At about twelve pm on August 21, 1984, she told us, I came out of the kitchen to toss out some water.8. We, at any rate, will continue to keep an open mind.9. Is the menu at that the French restaurant giving you trouble? Then you might need the V oice, a hand-held computer that translates spoken English into French, Spanish, German or Italian.10. There is an emerging consensus that a concerted effort on a national level will be required to capture the glittering prizes that a new technology offers.3.3. Rewriting PracticeRewrite the following passage into an academic one.Why are there so many jams on the roads these days? One thing is that public transportation like trains, buses, etc., is so dear. A long time ago cars cost a lot but now, unfortunately, they’ve got a lot cheaper. Another thing is that driving is a lot nicer than waiting for a bus. The trouble is that if everyone buys a car the roads get packed.4Writing ProjectThe following is a checklist for writing in academic English. It is not complete. Use the Internet, books, textbooks and lecturers' expertise to find out what other conventions could be applied to using academic English. And make a list of these conventions and keep this for future reference.Writing academic English● Use academic voice● Write with structural complexity● Avoid casual style● Distinguish formal and informal words and phrases●…5. Final Checklist。

My First JobTwo noted Americans explain whyIt’s not what you earn----it’s what you learnCompiled by Daniel LevineThe Auto Prepper (Jay Leno)I acquired a very strong work ethic from my parents, both of whom lived through the Great Depression. They couldn’t understand people who didn’t work regularly. I once told my mom that Sylvester was getting $12 million for ten weeks of work. “What’s he going to do the rest of the year?” She asked.我从父母那儿获得了很强的工作道德观。

他们俩都经历过大萧条时期，对不是按常规工作的人感到难以理解。

我曾经告诉我妈妈，西尔维斯特·史泰龙工作10周挣1200万美元。

“那他在一年其余的日子里干什么呢?”她问。

I took my parents’ work ethic into my first job at Wilmington Ford near my hometown of Andover, Mass, when I was 16. I worked until five or six o’clock on school days and put in 12-hour days during the summer as a prepper. This meant washing and polishing the new cars, and making sure the paper floor mats were in place. Another responsibility was taking off the hubcaps at night, so they wouldn’t get stole n and replacing them the next day. This was hard work because we had about seven acres of cars.我把父母的工作道德观带人了我在故乡马萨诸塞州安多佛镇附近的威尔明顿镇福特汽车专营店干的第一份工作。

Unit 1Excuse NotesWord Bankanthology: n. a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/文选attest :v. to show sth. or to say or prove that sth. is true 证明choke: v. to stop breathing 窒息，哽住devilment : n. behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧distribute: v. to give sth. out to several people, or to spread or supply sth. 分发，发送epiphany: n. understanding 理解forge: v. to make an illegal copy of sth. in order to deceive 伪造，铸造gem: n. sb. or sth. that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品，非常有用的人genuine: adj. sth. genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的lucid: adj.clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的，明白的，清醒的omit: v. to fail to include or do sth. 省略，疏忽plight: n. an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境，状态seduction: n. the attractive quality of sth. 诱惑superintendent: n. people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc. 主管，负责人treason: n. lack of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌，叛国罪vulgar: adj. rude and likely to upset or anger people 无理的，粗俗的Phrases and Expressionsbe evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐，赶走be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的glance at: to give a quick short look 一瞥turn into: to change into 进入，（使）变成Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. According to the passage, the teacher ____D____.A. is angry with his students.B. does not like his students forging excuse notes.C. blames the parents.D. teaches a successful writing class.2. Mikey missed school ____D____.A. because his grandmother fell down from the stairsB. because he did not like his teacherC. because his parents wanted him to be homeD. because he did not want to go to school3. When the students forged the excuse notes, they were ____A____.A. very smart and imaginativeB. boredC. indifferentD. excited4. The principal of the school ____B____.A. blamed the teacher for what he had done in class.B. praised the teacher for what he had done in class.C. was disappointed with the teacher.D. fired the teacher.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )A. The students enjoyed the teacher’s writing class very much.B. The students were very creative in forging excuse notes.C. The teacher enjoyed teaching writing.D. The students did not enjoy the teacher’s writing class.II. Complete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.His methods anything but conventional, Mr. McCourt created a lasting impact on his students through imaginative assignments in his (1)creative writing. He found that some of his students (2) forged excuse notes in the name of their parents. He does not angry with what the students had done; instead, he divided those notes into two (3)piles, one for the (4)genuine ones written by parents, the other for forgeries. The students were so smart that they could create a variety of (5)excuses. So the teacher decided to dig up their (6)talent in writing by asking them to write excuse notes. The students were so (7)absorbed in the writing that they almost forgot to have (8)lunch.At last the principal (9)praised the teacher for this successful teaching method. Both the teache and the students were happy about the writing class. And the teacher realized everyone (10)needed an excuse. Understanding is essential to the teacher and the students.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.A. falseB. beautifulC. famousD. forged2. To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.A. accuseB. abuseC. deduceD. excuse3. Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.A. reckonedB. beckonedC. softenedD. stiffened4. Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.A. withB. byC. beforeD. for5. She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.A. lucidB. dullC. unclearD. ambiguous6. Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?A. politeB. boringC. vulgarD. pleasant7. The books will be __D___ free to local schools.A. contributedB. tributeC. attributedD. distributed8. The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.A. omitB. permitC. summitD. illuminate9. Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.A. lightB. mightC. plightD. moonlight10. I have to __B___ my reputation.A. detectB. protectC. intactD. preventII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. superintendent choke attest forge gemgenuine lucid omit turn into excuseglance at evicted disguise worthy imagination1. In the US. a school is superintendent in charge of the schools in a particular area.2. Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party.3. The expensive purse is made of genuine leather.4. Can you turn this article into English?5. She took a glance at her watch.6. I know why this happened. You don't have to find any excuse.7. He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.8. This emperor is said to have paid many personal visits to various counties disguise as an ordinary citizen.9. Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause.10. Children often have very vivid imagination.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students. They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.2. My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools. Neither acknowledged me. They walked up and down, peering at papers. The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.3. Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse. Also, if we sang today we could sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.参考译文：1.我每天收到以父母名义写的请假条，很多是学生自己写的。

Unit1Getting InformationThe Auto Prepper1、How did the author’s parents feel about people who didn’t work regularly?They couldn’t understand those people.2、How did the author manage to get this job back?He wrote to Henry Ford Ⅱand got help from him.The Cashier3、Did the author prefer to save money or spend money? How do you know?She preferred to save money. The evidence: Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.”4、What’s the important lesson the author learns from her first job?To be a successful salesperson, one needs to be a great listener.5、In which field is the author now working?Toy making.Vocabulary and StructureA选词填空They made regular visits to the park on the suburbs during the weekends.She was promoted to division manager last year.We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there.His handling of these important issues was highly praised.Thomas bought a new hat to replace the one he had lost.The movie received generally favorable reviews.Thank you for all the time and effort you have put in.Make sure you’re home by midnight.He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot.The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help.B词性转换open (n.) openingpersist (n.) persistencesucceed (n.) successsucceed (adj.) successfulimportant (n.) Importancepromote (n.) promotiondepress (n.) depressionvalue (adj.) valuableloyal (n.) loyaltyfavor (adj.) favorableC近义词We can obtain (acquire) knowledge by reading books, newspapers, and by watching TV.When all her other friends deserted her, Steve remained constant (loyal).New York is a city famous (noted) for its shopping and nightlife.You frightened (startled) me –I thought you were in the garden.He accepted the blame (responsibility) for the mistake in the government report.Teaching is not very worth doing (rewarding) financially.She showed sincere (genuine) sorrow at the news.Guess whom I encountered (bumped into) today?Tickets must be bought (purchased) two weeks in advance.We all hope that agreement can be reached at the end (eventually).事态填空I think I have seen your teacher twice this week.The fire started at seven last night.When the old lady entered the apartment, the thief had escaped already.We did not catch what the stranger said.When they finally got to the hotel, night had fallen already.The visitors have just arrived from America.By the time he gets home, his father will have left for Shanghai.We will not start the project before he has come back from the United States.He lost his new knife shortly after he had bought it.The fire had been burning for three hours before the firemen arrived.I told him that he could go there after school.Irene has taught English at our school for two years. She will renew her contract tomorrow. He is ill. He has not eaten any food since last night.This time tomorrow we will be planting trees in the park.From 3 to 5 yesterday, they were repairing the car on the way to the park.时态填空According to the time table, the train for London leaves at seven o’clock in the evening. You needn’t hurry her. She will have finished it by the time you are ready.Darwin proved that natural selection is the chief factor in the development of species. While Peggy is reading, her brother is playing records.It’s been a long time since I saw you last. How are you?We have been working on it for several hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion. He said that he would leave for Shanghai the next day.This is the first time I have seen this kind of refrigerator.He had found this job before he moved into this city.I think this time yesterday he was having an English class in No.3 Classroom Building.By 2008, the university will have trained 20,000 postgraduates.Since 1970, he has been working in this bank and he loves the job very much.I don’t like to be disturbed if I am working.Before long, she will forget all about the matter.You can see the house hasn’t been painted for years.。

研究生英语阅读教程Unit1课后作业及答案V ocabulary: Choice QuestionC 。

1The Car Connectivity Consortium was founded under U.S. law as a limited liability corporation. CA assetsB businessC responsibilityD investmentC ）2Suffering was easier to bear than the bitterness he felt corroding his spirit.CA inspiringB revealingC destroyingDreleasing2、Reading Comprehension: Choice QuestionB The "black swan" in Paragraph 4 means that the thing in question________.A is preciousBrarely happensCis only our dreamD catches our attention4）A By "the pattern seems clear" (Paragraph 1), the author implies that what happened at Deepwater Horizon________.A has its unique reasonsB is not an isolated eventC is avoidable if taken seriouslyD is unavoidable no matter what5）A By "it would be foolish to think that the only risks we are still underestimating are the ones that have suddenly becomesalient" in Paragraph 9, the author means to stress that________.A there are also risks in fields other than the oil industryB there are more risks in the oil industry than we have knownC we no longer underestimate the risks in the oil industryD we should be careful not to underestimate the risks again in the future.A 6）The author describes in detail the greenhouse gas effect to________.A re mind people of the possible risks aheadB t ry to persuade the global warming skepticsC tell people to face reality and take initiativesD convince people of the reliability of his information3、V ocabulary: Choice Question7）D）Sales are reminiscent of the 2008 holiday season when merchandise was marked down 50% to 80%. Aback fromB different fromCbetter thanD similar to4、Reading Comprehension: Choice QuestionC The author specifically mentions Joe Barton's criticism of BP to emphasize that________.A public opinions matter in the case of the oil spillsB the oil industry should impose pressure on BPC BP has indeed made unforgivable wrong decisionsD the fight against the oil industry is inconsistent5、V ocabulary: Choice Question9）D ou agree to waive the claim, which speaks well for your friendly attitude and close cooperation.A startB continueC changeD quit6、Reading Comprehension: Choice Question10 B Things with the high stakes________.A should be left to the market aloneB can be better handled with government helpC can be better solved by the market than the governmentD may be made worse by government intervention11）D Michael Greenstone would summarize the role played by the 1990 law as________.A beneficialB unpredictableC negligibleD adverse12 D The author's purpose in writing the article is to________.A call on the public to condemn the oil industryB offer solutions to the problems in the oil industryC expose the deal between the industry and the governmentD analyze the reasons behind the oil disasters and issue warnings7、Cloze13）.（20分）There are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the right word or phrase from the list given below for each of the blanks. Change the form if necessary.unexpected regardless of necessarily puzzle altersevere come up with shrink wisdom tendResearchers in California have found that birds around San Francisco Bay have slowly gotten bigger over the last 27 to 40 years. The finding is certainly interesting—because it counterssome conventional_ _ wisdom 1__on how animals respond to climate change.A well-known ecological rule, called Bergmann's Rule, states that animals__ tend 2__to be larger at higher latitudes. It is believed that this occurs because larger animals are better able to conserve body heat. Bergmann's Rule, then, would suggest that animals will__ shrink 3__in size as their native climates get warmer."We had the good fortune to find a(n)_ unexpected _4__result," Rae Goodman, the researcher at the SanFrancisco State who led the study explained, "but we were then left with the_ puzzle _5__of figuring out what was going on."They__6 come up with __several possibilities, all indicating that birds—and ultimately other animals—may respond to climate change in unexpected ways. One theory is that the larger body size was caused by fat stores which have increased in response to__ severe7__weather events. Another was that changes in plant ecology could have__ altered 8__the birds' diet, leading to increased body sizes.__ Regardless of 9__the specific mechanism, it is clear that climate change is causing significant shifts in traits—like body size—that don't usually exhibit much flexibility.Though the finding was unexpected, however, it was not _ necessarily _10__ all bad news. "It gave me a little more hope," Study Co-Author Gretchen LeBuhn explained, "that these birds are able to respond—hopefully in time—to changes in climate."8、V ocabulary: Choice Question14）B About 1% to 2% of the population are affected by temporary loss of smell: drugs, pollution and pregnancy can all distort the senses.A work withB interfere withC associate withD come with15 A Humans have trouble evaluating risks that are not salient.A noticeableB uniqueC acceptableD real9、V ocabulary: Blank Filling）Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.1. The Secretary of State for Environment has the power to_ cap _1__councils which plan to spend excessively.2. __2 In the wake of __two heart surgeries, Clinton, 65, has lost 25 pounds and appears fit.3. Ernest seems to have as many lives as the__ proverbial3__cat.4. Most of my worries__ stem from 4__wondering whether or not I'm pleasing the woman I'm with.5. At room temperature, the__ odds 5__of that happening are once in a billion years.6. It is very wet here, a big surprise_ given _6__the fact this isa polar desert.7. Celebrity sometimes makes people think they are fireproof: their fans love them__ come what may 7__.8. _ Far from _8__being relaxed, we both felt so uncomfortable that we hardly spoke.9. If anything, money spent on political donations and lobbying holds more__ sway 9__when it is unexamined.10. __ In retrospect 10__, I wished I had thought about alternative courses of action.10、Reading Comprehension: Choice Question17）C People's fear of planes after the 9/11 attacks________.A is understandableB drives them crazyC cannot be fully justifiedD proves to be well-grounded11、V ocabulary: Choice Question18）B His wife set about upbraiding him for neglecting the children.A encouragingB criticizingC understandingD hating19）A For the would-be online criminals, the likelihood of their getting caught and punished is vanishingly small, yet the profits are great.A extremelyB probablyC unfortunatelyD slightly20）C Do you look forward to old age, or do you dread frailty, loss of memory and dependence on others?A lonelinessB povertyC weaknessD illness12、Reading Comprehension: Choice Question21 D How might Robert Stavins comment on the BP executives and their mistakes?A Nobody in their right mind would make such mistakes.B They have everything in their power to avoid the mistakes.C These mistakes are actually beyond human control.D These mistakes, though serious, reflect common human weakness.13、V ocabulary: Choice Question22）D I greatly enjoy these meetings unless I have to make a speech, in which case I'm in a state of dreadful anxiety.A unexpectedB naturalC understandableD terrible。

Unit 1 Romantic LovePart I Before Reading Activities1.Look at the pictures below and in English tell a love story that is to happen in the fall.Girl Boy Recalling Missing Dancing Praying2.Consult your parents and senior relatives about the dowry in different periods since 1960s, and then make a comparison with what you want for your marriage and report it to the class.Like:bicycle in_________Car in _____________House in _____Jewelry in______________Lover watches in ____________Quilts in ______________Sewing machine in___________TV set in ________________Washing machine in ____________Wooden cases in_______________Part II Passage ReadingTextArabella and CupidMary Corrigan1.There couldn't have been a worse place for Arabella to have a puncture right in front of the entrance to the church.2.Geoff looked at the line of smart cars along the Kerb. Arabella looked hopelessly out of place. Her staid lines simply screamed 1952 at the long, sleek late-model cars,and brought forth a ripple of mirth from the by-standers.”Oh,look, Doreen,there;s the bride‟s car,”giggled the woman with the string bag, flourishing her umbrella at Arabella.3.Geoff set about changing the ryre, to the zccompaniment of much urgingand criticism from String Bag,Doree and company. It was hot work, standing in the sun, waiting for the bride to emerge, and they welcomed Geoff‟s plight as the sun, waiting for the bride to emerge, and they welcomed Geoff‟s plight as a sort of curtain raiser to entertain them until the main act came on.Geoff fumed. “Old buzzards,” he muttered. “Nothing else to do with their Saturday afternoons but hang around churches and goggle at brides.4.“Put a bit of elbow grease into it , laddie,”said Doreen. “You don‟t want to hold up the wedding party. You‟re right in the way of the bride‟s car. Oh, look,here it comes.”The black limousine honked its horn behind him. Geoff wished he had stayed in Sydhey until Monday. He coursed the urge to have his first weekend at home in fouryears, which had been responsible for his unofficial arrival in Brisbane three days ahead of time . Why hadn‟t he left Arabella sitting up on her blocks, where she had beenfor the last four years, instead of taking her out on the road?5. “Look, Doreen, here‟s the guard of honour,”shrieked String Bag.She prodded Geoff with her umbrella.”Hurry up,” she said. “the bride will be coming out any minute. You‟d better get this old scrapheap out of the way.”6.Furiously, he worked at the ryre,and, just as he had it pumped up, he was conscious of a flurry of white tulle and confetti at the door of the church.Strin Bag, Doreen and company had Mercifully turned away from him and uniformed guard of honour.7.The bride‟s car renewed its impatient honking.He threw the pump into Arabella and seated himself behind the wheel.He switched on the ignition and heaved a relieved sigh when she responded. He let in the clutch. Nothing happened. Arabella …s rear wheels were spinning in the air. He had forgotten to let down the jack!By this time,the bride and groom were at the kerb, surrounded by the guard of honour, who hooted with delight at the sight of Arabella with her tail in the air,and the unhappy Geoff----a sorry picture of grease and dust in an old T-shirt.One of them helpfully let down the jack while another held Arabella‟s backdoor wide open.It all happened too quickly for Geoff. With a stately mock solemnity, the bride and groom entered Arabella, whose embarrassed chug-chugging was drowned in the raucous mirth of the guard of honour.9.Geoff began to see the humour of the situation. With a grin he raised and enquiring eyebrow at the groom.“Forward, James,”said the bridegroom. “To The Golden Bow by the longest possible route. The guests must arrive there before us.”Arabella jerked forward.The bride and groom rocked with laughter as the rest of the wedding party gave them a rousing, cheer. In the rear-vision mirror Geoff caught a glimpse of the limousine driver,scratching his head in puzzlement.10.“wouldn‟t it be the stunt of the year,”said the bridegroom. “not to turn up at Golden?”“Oh Bill,”giggled the bride. “don‟t be awful.”“No seriously, Jessie, you and I and ---what‟s your name, old boy?”“Call me Geoff.”“...you and I and Geoffhere ought to celebrate with a burger. I‟m starving.Do you like burgers, Geoff?”Love them, said Bill, “what could be better? A short stop at a burger bar and on to surfers Paradise. No wedding reception, no speeches.How does that appeal to you,Geoff?”“There‟s just one thing,”said Geoff. “Arabella hasn‟t enough petrol to get to The Golden Bowl, let alone Surfers. Your car is still following us. Perhaps you‟d better change over.”“Oh, no, Geoff,” said Jessie. “We‟ll buy some petrol, won‟t we ,Bill?”“What do we use for money?Roger has my wallet. That‟s what the best man is for.”“That seems to settle it, then,”said Geoff, regretfully. “I haven‟t a bean.You‟ll have to change cars...unless...”“Unless what?:“Well, I live just around this corner. We could go home and syphon some petrol out of my dad‟s car.”“Good of you, Geoff! Give Arabella her head for home.”13.To say that Mrs Bayliss was astonished would be putting it mildly. Looking up from her gardening, she blinked at the spectacle of Geoff coming the from path, followed by a vision of radiance in lace and tulle and an impeccably dressed airman in the uniform of a pilot officer.14.“You‟re not seeing things,mum,”said Geoff. “meet Jessie and Bill.They‟ve just been married. Arabella‟s out of juice, and we‟re going to syphon some petrol out of the Jaguar.”Mrs Bayliss had one answer for all situations:”What about a cup of tea?”She said serenely.15.Geoff gave her a broad wink as he and Bill went off to attend to the petrol.Jessie followed her into the kitchen and sat on the edge of the table in her finery while Mrs. Bayliss made the tea.By the time the men reappeared, Jessie had told her the story of Arabella‟s mishap in front of the church and how Geoff had come to be chauffeur to a pair of complete strangers.16.”Now Geoff, get into your good clothes, “said Bill. “You‟re coming to our wedding breakfast.”Geoff protested, but weakly, knowing all the time that he was going to see this crazy joke through. The whole unorthodox procedure appealed to him.Time enough to be serious on Monday, when he would be taking on his new job, with all the dignity it would demand He changed into his only suit, an old grey one, and in no time they were chugging off again in Arabella.17.They arrived at Te Golden Bowl just as the guests were beginning to wonder what had become of the happy couple. The wedding breakfast was a light-hearted affair, with the bride and groom demanding that Geoff sit between them.18.However,he declined. Geoff was a man of quick decisions and during the general introductions--”Janice, meet Geoff”--he suddenly knew why the whole thing had happened. He might have expected it. Arabella had always had a way of taking thingsinto her own hands, and this was how she decreed that he would find the ideal he had carried around in his heart ever since he could remember .19.So it was that, declining the invitation to sit between the bride and groom, he seated himself next to the chief bridesmaid and made no attempt to conceal his adoration.By the time the toasts were beginning, he knew he would never let her out of his sight.“Do you believe in love at first sight?” he whispered.Janice‟s eyes were shining when she said softly, “Yes, I believe I do.”20.THe chairman was saying,”And now I would like to call on a distinguished guest to say a few words. It is a surprise to see him among the guests, as I did not expect him to arrive in Brisbane until Monday. I refer, of course, to the newly appointed Commanding Officer at Amberley, Group Captain Geoffrey Bayliss, DFC.”21.Geoff was as surprised as anyone. In his infatuation with Janice, he had not noticed the presence of his old school mate, Padre Teddy Collins. He rose to his feet, well aware of the looks of shocked apprehension on the faces of Bill and his fellow officers. The prank they had played on the poor inoffensive bloke in the broken-down car had rebounded with a vengeance, when the bloke turned out to be the new boss. 22.Geoff raised his glass. “Long life and prosperity,” he said “to the happy couple.”He looked around the long tables and grinnd disarmingly.There was a spontaneous burst of applause from the young officers, who, in the last few minutes, had experienced surprise apprehension and relief.23.”One more toast,” called Geoff. “I give you a fairy godmother called Arabella, who has her own way of making dreams come true.”He resumed his seat and turned to Janice.24.When Bill and Jessie were driving off in Bill‟s car, Jessie threw her bouquet right into Janice‟s arms.25.“How appropriate,”murmured Geoff. The look in Janice‟s eyes told him all he wanted to know. He took her by the hand. “Come with me,” he said. “I want you to meet Arabella.”Notes1.Arabella looked hopelessly out of place:Geoff‟s car-Arabella-was dwarfed by those beautiful cars that were parked along the kerb of the road ,waiting for the bride and bridegroom and all the other fuests to come out of the church.2.“Old buzzards”:”Buzzard”is a collective noun for all the hawk like birds;in slang it means a greedy and selfish person. In the text here, Geoff uses the phrase to show his anger at those people who are hanging around the church with nothing to do on purpose but just tease him and his old car.3.“You‟re not seeing things, mum,”:You‟re not experiencing an illusion.”see things”, in colloquial English, just means having an illusion. By using this sentence, Geoff is telling his mother although this is really happening before her eyes.4.Wedding breakfast:In the West, after the wedding ceremony, a banquet will be given to entertain all the guests and relatives who attend the wedding ceremony. Whether the banquet is served in the morning or midday, or even in the afternoon, it is all ”wedding breakfast”.New Wordspuncture ['pʌŋ(k)tʃə] n.a small hole in a tyre resulting in an escape of air(轮胎的)刺孔staid [steɪd] adj. （sometime derogative ）(of peple, their appearance, behaviour, tastes, etc) serious, dull and old-fashioned; conservative 古板的，保守的，一本正经的giggle ['gɪg(ə)l]ugh lightly in a nervous, affected, or silly manner(紧张做做地)轻笑；傻笑plight [plaɪt]n.a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation 险境，困境，苦难fume [fjuːm]v. emit gas, smoke, or vapour;feel,show, or express great anger goggle ['gɒg(ə)l] v. Look with wide open eyes, typically in amazement or wonder (多指因惊奇等)瞪大眼睛看goggles ['gɑglz]n.close-fitting glasses with side shields, for protecting the eyes from glare, dust, water, etc.(用以挡光、防尘、放水等的)护目镜honk ['hɒŋk]v.cause(a car horn)to make a harsh sound 按汽车喇叭shriek [ʃriːk]v.utter a high-pitched piercing sound or words,especially as an expression of terror, pain, or excitement(尤指因惊吓、疼痛或兴奋而)尖声叫喊prod [prɒd]v. Poke(someone )with a finger, foot, or pointed object(用手指、脚、尖物)刺，捅heave [hiːv]v.produce(a sigh);lift or haul(a heavy thing )with great effort;(informal )throw (something heavy)发出（叹息）；用力举起（或拉、拖）；（非正式）扔，甩，抛（重物）hoot [huːt]v(of person)make loud sounds of scorn, disapproval, or merriment(人)发出呵呵声（大声表示轻蔑、不赞成或快乐）solemnity [sə'lemnɪtɪ]n.the state or quality of being serious and dignified 庄严；庄重chug [tʃʌg]v.emit a series of regular muffled explosive souds, as of an engine running slowly;(N. Amer. informal)consume(a drink)in large gulps without pausing(如引擎慢慢运转般)作响；（北美，非正式）咕嘟咕嘟的喝jerk [dʒɜːk]v. Move with a sudden movement 猝然一动，猛地一动rock [rɒk]v.cause(someone or something)to move gently to and fro or from side to side;(with reference to a building or region)shake or cause to shake orvibrate, especially because of an impact, earthquake, or explosion 轻轻摇动，是轻轻摆动，使轻轻晃动；（尤指由于撞击、地震或爆炸）（使）（建筑物，地区）剧烈震动；（使）摇晃stunt [stʌnt]n. An action displaying epectacular skill and daring; something unusual done to attract attention惊险动作，绝技；引人瞩目的花招，burger ['bɝ：gɚ]n.a flat round cake of minced beef that is fried or grilled and generally eaten in a bread roll 汉堡包，夹心牛肉饼syphon ['saɪfən]v.draw(a liquid )from one place to another using a pipe or tube which is in the form of upside-down U 通过虹管吸blink [blɪŋk]v.shut and open the eyes quickly 眨眼睛impeccably [im'pekəbli]adv.(of behaviour, performance, or appearance)in accordance with the highest standards of propriety; faultlessly(行为，表演，外表)最佳地，完美地，无瑕疵地serenely [sə'ri:nli]adv. In a calm, peaceful,and untroubled way;tranquilly安详地；宁静地wink [wɪŋk]n.an act of closi ng and opening one eye quickly, typically as a signal眨眼；眨眼示意mishap ['mɪshæp]n.an unlucky accident 不幸事故；灾难unorthodox [ʌn'ɔːθədɒks] adj.contrary to what is usual, traditional, or accepted; not orthodox 非传统的；非正统的；异端的decline [dɪ'klaɪn] v.politely refuse(an invitation or offer);become smaller, fewer, or less; decrease 谢绝，婉言拒绝；变小，减少；下降decree [dɪ'kriː]v.order (something )by an official order issued by a ruler or authority that has the force of law 依法命令infatuation [ɪn,fætʃʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n;]n.(be infatuated with )being inspired with an intense but short-lied passion or admiration for (被一时强烈的激情或爱慕)冲昏通脑；迷恋prank [præŋk]n. A practical joke or mischievous act 玩笑；恶作剧rebound [rɪ'baʊnd]v.bounce back through the air after hitting a hard surface or object;have an unexpected adverse consequence for (someone, especially the person responsible for it )弹回，跳回；（事件，局势）产生事与愿违的结果disarmingly [dis'a:miŋli]adv.(of manner or behaviour )having the effect of allaying suspicion ofr hostility, especially through charm (尤指通过魅力)（举止，行为）消除疑虑地；消除敌意地resume [rɪ'zjuːm;] v. Begin to do or pursue(something)again after a pause or interruption(中断后)重新开始，继续Useful Expressionsset about sth./doing sth. (no passive)begin (a task); start doing sth. 开始（某工作）；着手（做某事）hang around/about... (informal)be standing about (a place ), doing nothing definite; not move away 无所事事地待在（某处）；荡来荡去put elbow grease into sth. (colloquial )make harder efforts to sth. (口)费力；苦干hold up sb./sth. Obstruct or delay the progress of sb./sth. 阻碍或延误（某人/某事物）pump up inflate(a tyre, etc )by pumping air into it 给（轮胎等）打足气what become of sb./sth. (idiom)what is happening to sb./sth（习语）（某人、某事物）情况如何refer to sb./sth mention or speak of sb./sth.;allude to sb./ sth.提到；说到或涉及（某人或某事物）Proper NamesArabella (人名)阿拉贝拉（原为女孩名，此课中为汽车款式名称）Cupid (人名)丘比特，罗马神话中的爱神，其形象往往为背插双翼、手执弓箭做待发状的男童Geoff (人名)杰夫Doreen (人名)杜林String Bag (人名)网袋女（referring to the woman with the string bag）Sydney (地名)悉尼，澳大利亚新南威尔士州首府，港口城市the guard of honour 仪仗队James (人名)詹姆斯the Golden Bow 金碗（餐厅或俱乐部的名字）Bill (人名)比尔Jessie (人名)杰西Surfers Paradise 冲浪者天堂（俱乐部名）Roger (人名)罗杰the best man 伴郎Mrs，Bayliss (人名)贝里斯太太Jaguar 捷豹牌汽车，时间诶顶级豪华车品牌，历史悠久；2004年3月捷豹汽车正式进入中国市场Janice (人名)贾尼丝Commanding Officer 指挥官Amberley (地名)安柏丽，澳大利亚皇家空军基地，位于昆士兰州布里斯班附近DFC =Distinguished Flying Cross 优异飞行十字勋章，英国及一些英联邦国家为表彰英国皇家空军及英联邦国家空军成员而设立的一种奖章，后来美国也设立了此种军功勋章Padre Teddy Collins (人名)帕德累•特迪•科林斯ExercisesI.After Reading ActivitiesComprehension of the TextRead the text carefully and do the reading comprehension exercises below by choosing a correct answer from the four given choices marked A.,B., B.and D.1.Arabella has been____ for four years before she had a puncture right in front of the entrance to the church.A.outside the churchB.inside the churchC.in her garageD.near Sydney2.When Arabella was ignited again after Geoff‟s amendment to her, she still trmained unmoved because____.A.the jack was heaving the carB.The driven wheel was broken againC.Geoff forgot to let in the clutchD.Geoff didn‟t pump enough air into the tyre3.Arabella was unable to reach Surfers Paradise as the bridegroom ordered for the reason that she was______.A.produced in 1952B.In short of oilC.Fond of burgersD.The stunt of the year4.The bride told Mrs. Bayliss everything except_____.A.What had happened to Arabella in front of the churchB.Why Geoff became their wedding car driverC.where they wanted to go after they left her houseD.Geoff would meet Janice for the first time in his life5.When Geoff was requested to offer a toast to Arabella because _____.A.it was Arabella that was lucky enough to drive the newly married coupleB.It was Arabella‟s contributions that Geoff was appointed Commanding Officer at AmberleyC.It was Arabella that had young officers experience surprise, apprehension and reliefD.It was Arabella‟s broken-down that led to his meeting with JanicePoints for DiscussionBreak into small groups and discuss the following questions. Later the teacher may ask some of you to report the answers of your group to the class.1.If you are asked to write a list of what could be most important elements in pursuingromantic love, what will you write down/ Any Why?2.Do you have a boyfriend/girlfriend or fiance/fiancee of husband/wife?Would you p;ease try to tell your classmates something about your personal romance or some romantic anecdotes about yourself?What lesson should they learn from your love story?nguage FocusV ocabularyDo the exercises below by choosing the correct answers from given choices markedA.,B.,C,or D.1.Weiss said he‟s proud of Duchovny for voluntarily seeking help with his sex addition problem, apparently without______from press reports of lawsuits.A.ShriekingB.ProddingC.ScreamingD.Scratching2.Satellites are as vulnerable as they are valuable.America and Russia stopped such anti-satellite tests because both stood to lose:each side‟s eyes-in-the-skies monitored the other‟s nuclear weapons, helping to avoid awful______.A.rippleedyC.SolemnityD.Mishap3.On Sunday, August 8,2006,China and Chad have _____diplomatic relations after the Central African nation agreed to sever ties with Taiwan.A.renewedB.RedecoratedC.ResumedD.Rebounded4.I had a narrow shave yesterday when I had a ____on the motorway, but fortunately I was able to keep the car in control until I could pull over and stop.A.punctureB.TyreC.FractionD.Prank5.Despite broad similarities,food affects everyone‟s brain a little differently. For example, Gibson explained, extroverts are more likely to succumb to the “postlunch dip”----that desire to nap, or____Coffee, mid-afternoon.A.spineB.DeclineC.ChewD.Chug6.You‟ve got the flawless resume, ___-credentials and the perfect look-you are an employer‟s dream candidate,So why is it you‟ve been on the job hunt for almost a year and there are no prospects in sight? Expert says change of attitude might be best approach.A.flawedB.ImpeccableC.StaidD.Novel7.For example anger may provoke violent feelings towards another, but generally people refrain from stabbing each other willy-nilly. Instead they will shout, hit hteir head on the wall or just silently___.A. GiggleB.SpinC.EvadeD.Fume8.Streaking is one of the oldest tricks in the book.Unfortunately, it‟s also a sure-fire way to embarrass yourself for months to come. In the 1970s streaking was a popular______, a display of courage, and a general right of passage for college freshmen.A.winkB.ChauffeurC.PrankD.Philosophy9.The iron entered the princes soul as early as the very first tour of Wales he took with Diana in October 1981. As they worked the rope line together, the side that got Diana went crazy, ____with excitement and calling for “Di Di Di!”The side that got Charles groaned with disappointment. “Oh no !We got HIM.”A.shriekingB.DecreeingC.HonkingD.Howling10.A man was divorced by his wife in 2008 for running across China to support the 2008 Beijing Olympics for which he sold his apartment to finance the run. His wife promised to divorce him if he went ahead with the ____, and so he did.According to him, he was just running to promote the Olympic spirit.A.infatuationB.BouquetC.EthicsD.Stunt11.The diverging performance of investment banks such as Goldman and the retail operations of banks such as Citi is problematic for and administration that wants a strong Wall Street but is also under pressure to tackle the ____of ordinary people.A.plightB.SolemnityC.ApprehensionD.Sensation12.The IMF(International Bank Fund ) said Asia‟s rate of growth could _____to more than 5 per cent in 2010 if the rest of the world economy posted a clear improvement. But Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the IMF‟s managing director, said the outlook for Asia was “very uncertain”.A.hootB.jerkC.reboundD.reject13.Vampire stories are in many ways sex for the squeamish. We don‟t need Raj Persaud to tell us that plunging canines int soft warm necks ,, or driving stakes between ____bosoms, are very basic sexual metaphors.A.chuggingB. flourishingC.fumingD.heaving14.Thett Lambis often cranky like any other 3-year-old toddler, but here‟s one thing that makes him completely different:he has a rare medical condition in which he can‟t sleep a ____.15.Michael Phelps swam into Olympic history yesterday, becoming the athlete to win the most gold medals ever. And he did it swimming blind. A problem with his _____ , however, meant that he swam most of the race without knowing what was going on around him.A.spectaclesB.pranksC.gogglesD.perspectives16.Mr. Persky,48,stood on Park Avenue, handing out resumes to passers_by and wearing a sandwich board that said, “Experienced M.I.T.Grad for Hire.” A couple of young brokers who passed Mr. Persky said they thought his _____ methods would pay off. One said Mr. Persky had a “first mover‟s advantage”.And that “all this press coverage will probably get him a job.”A.unorthodoxB.disarmingC.distinguishedD.staid17.That may be extreme, but many Americans can‟t even talk about sex without_____, squirming or blushing. Let‟s start there. Talk to your kids about sex tonight, with confidence and a straight face. “I‟d prefer you waited to have sex.That means whenever you choose to do it, make sure you use one of these condoms.”A.decliningB.rockingC. gigglingD.blinking18.Joseph Garner of Purdue University and his colleagues in Norway report that the way goldfish respond to pain shows that these animals do experience pain consciously, rather than simply reacting with a reflex-such as when a person recoils after stepping on a tack(____away before he or she is aware of the sensation).A.decreeingB.resumingC.forgingD.jerking19.Will reading in dim light ruin your eyesight?The majority of eye experts believed it was unlikely to do any permanent damage, but it might make you squint, ____more and have trouble focusing.A.referB.blinkC.stareD.prod20.She realized that she felt fear as ____ for this man. As a result, she didn‟t know whether she should accept his proposal for marrying him or not.A.dignityB.solemnityC.infatuationD.accompanimentClozeRead the following passage carefully and choose the best answer given below the passage for each of the blanks.Science Daily(July 13,2009)-University of Denver(DU)researchers find that couples who live together before they are engaged have a higher chance of getting_(1)__than those who wait until they are married to live together,or at least wait until they are engaged.__(2)_____,couples who lived together before engagement and then married,reported a lower satisfaction in their marriages.The research,which appears in the Journal of Family Psychology, was_(3)___by Galena Thoades,senior researcher, Scott Stanley, research professor,and Howard Markman, professor of psychology.“We think that some couples who move in together without a clear_(4)____tomarriage may wind up sliding into marriage partly because they are already (5)____,”Thoades says. “It seems wise to talk about commitment and what living together might mean for the future of the relationship before moving in together,especially because cohabiting likely makes__(6)___harder to break up compared to dating,”Stanley says.The three researchers also studied the reasons__(7)__couples decide to live together.That study, which appeared in the Journal of Family Issues, shows that most couples chose to live together in order to spend more time together. The second most popular reason is convenience, followed by testing the relationship. This is different then__(8)____research that found most people cohabit to test the relationship.“Cohabiting to test a relationship turns out to be associated__(9)____the most problems in relationships,” Thoades says. “Perhaps if a person is feeling a need to test the relationship, he or she already knows some important information about how a relationship may go __(10)___time.”1.A engaged B .split up C.broken up D. Divorced2.A.In addition B. Apart from C. Except for D> Besides that3.A. Carried B. Chugged C. Infatuated D.conductedmitment B. Promise C.slogan D. Motto5.A.engaging B.marrying C. Cohabiting D. Divorcing6.A. that B. divorce C. it D. marriage7.A. which B. why C. that D. it8.A. Unorthodox B. Impeccable C. Previous D.serene9.A.to B. With C in D.into10.A. By B. Beyond C. Upon D.overTranslationA Translate the following into English.性背叛Vs情感不忠莱维和他的同事克里斯滕•凯利邀请了超过400位大学生（四分之三是女性）完成感情联系中依属关系类型的标准评估，并且询问他们什么更痛苦，是情感不忠还是性背叛。

UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。

[ 2 ] A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15 000 people—is proving that optimism﹡ can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism﹡leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression﹡, loneliness and painful shyness.
1. donate v. give (eg money)to a charity, etc.; contribute捐赠； 赠送 2. prophecy△ n. power of telling what will happen in the future; statement that tells what will happen预言能力；预 言
1. metropolitan※ adj. of or in a capital city大城市的，大都会 的，首府的
[ 5 ] Impressed, the company hired 100 people who had failed the standard industry test but had scored high on optimism. These people, who might never have been hired, sold 10 percent more insurance than did the average representative.

Unit 1Excuse NotesWord Bankanthology: n.a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/文选attest :v.to show sth.or to say or prove that sth.is true 证明choke: v.to stop breathing 窒息, 哽住devilment : n.behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧distribute: v.to give sth.out to several people, or to spread or supply sth.分发, 发送epiphany: n.understanding 理解forge: v.to make an illegal copy of sth.in order to deceive 伪造, 铸造gem: n.sb.or sth.that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品, 非常有用的人genuine: adj.sth.genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的lucid: adj.clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的, 明白的, 清醒的omit: v.to fail to include or do sth.省略, 疏忽plight: n.an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境, 状态seduction: n.the attractive quality of sth.诱惑superintendent: n.people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc.主管, 负责人treason: ck of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌, 叛国罪vulgar: adj.rude and likely to upset or anger people 无理的，粗俗的Phrases and Expressionsbe evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐, 赶走be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的glance at: to give a quick short look 一瞥turn into: to change into 进入, （使）变成Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1.According to the passage, the teacher ____D____.A.is angry with his students.B.does not like his students forging excuse notes.C.blames the parents.D.teaches a successful writing class.2.Mikey missed school ____D____.A.because his grandmother fell down from the stairsB.because he did not like his teacherC.because his parents wanted him to be homeD.because he did not want to go to school3.When the students forged the excuse notes, they were ____A____.A.very smart and imaginativeB.boredC.indifferentD.excited4.The principal of the school ____B____.A.blamed the teacher for what he had done in class.B.praised the teacher for what he had done in class.C.was disappointed with the teacher.D.fired the teacher.5.Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )A.The students enjoyed the teacher’s writing class very much.B.The students were very creative in forging excuse notes.C.The teacher enjoyed teaching writing.D.The students did not enjoy the teacher’s writing class.plete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words.The initial letter of each word has been given to you.His methods anything but conventional, Mr.McCourt created a lasting impact on his students through imaginative assignments in his (1)creative writing.He found that some of his students (2) forged excuse notes in the name of their parents.He does not angry with what the students had done; instead, he divided those notes into two (3)piles, one for the (4)genuine ones written by parents, the other for forgeries.The students were so smart that they could create a variety of (5)excuses.So the teacher decided to dig up their (6)talent in writing by asking them to write excuse notes.The students were so (7)absorbed in the writing that they almost forgot to have (8)lunch.At last the principal (9)praised the teacher for this successful teaching method.Both the teache and the students were happy about the writing class.And the teacher realized everyone (10)needed an excuse.Understanding is essential to the teacher and the students.VocabularyI.Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1.A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.A.falseB.beautifulC.famousD.forged2.To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.A.accuseB.abuseC.deduceD.excuse3.Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.A.reckonedB.beckonedC.softenedD.stiffened4.Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.A.withB.byC.beforeD.for5.She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.A.lucidB.dullC.unclearD.ambiguous6.Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?A.politeB.boringC.vulgarD.pleasant7.The books will be __D___ free to local schools.A.contributedB.tributeC.attributedD.distributed8.The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.A.omitB.permitC.summitD.illuminate9.Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.A.lightB.mightC.plightD.moonlight10.I have to __B___ my reputation.A.detectB.protectC.intactD.preventII.Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below.Change the form where necessary. superintendent choke attest forge gemgenuine lucid omit turn into excuseglance at evicted disguise worthy imagination1.In the US.a school is superintendent in charge of the schools in a particular area.2.Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party.3.The expensive purse is made of genuine leather.4.Can you turn this article into English?5.She took a glance at her watch.6.I know why this happened.You don't have to find any excuse.7.He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.8.This emperor is said to have paid many personal visits to various counties disguise as an ordinary citizen.9.Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause.10.Children often have very vivid imagination.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1.Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students.They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.2.My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools.Neither acknowledged me.They walked up and down, peering at papers.The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.3.Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse.Also, if we sang today we could sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.参考译文: 1.我每天收到以父母名义写的请假条, 很多是学生自己写的。

Unit1 Free Falling1. What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2. How is the story organized?The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).3. How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4. How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5. What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence "He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps" symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.What is the effect of saying farewell and actual leaving on the author?Whom did the author like to say good-bye to? What was the author's mood like before the day of departure and after?How did his mother's mood change during his brunch with her?What was the significance of the particular day to the author?Suggested SummaryThe time of saying good-bye and actual leaving makes a great impact on the author, which is fully demonstrated in the opening sentence. He gives a general description of how he feels on that particular day, during which his own mood changes from sheer excitement for the prospect of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty to a mixture of both. By his brunching with Mom and saying good-bye to her, he makes a very smooth depiction of the change of his mother's mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes. To bring the story to its climax, the author ends the story with a symbolic description. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge that leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. No matter what will happen, he closes his eyes, takes a deep breath and jumps into the future.Unit2 The New Economics of Oil1. Why won't oil prices rise at all over the long time?Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly, and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.2. Why can't the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?Because if they do, non-OPEC sources will grab market share by developing fields where technology has made production affordable.3. Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.4. Who takes a lead in the oil companies?Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.Should we worry about the oil price?What is the main reason for oil price to fall?Is Rainwater's high-price theory right?What influences oil industry profits most?How will lower oil price influence the world economy?Suggested SummaryThe article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.1. In the first year of peace, Lebanon's GDP soared by almost 40%. (C)A. flewB. hoveredC. increasedD. decreased2. SAIC's previous skirmishes with investigators had attracted little attention. (D)A. conflictsB. strugglesC. skatesD. arguments3. The boy grabbed hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd. (C)A. seizedB. snappedC. snatchedD. sneaked4. Although Chicago has fared better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem. (A)A. got onB. chargedC. offered jobsD. provided welfare5. The dwarfs were devastated, because they could not figure out how to save Snow White this time. (D)A. calculateB. rateC. considerD. decide6. His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe at David Sylvester. (A)A. laughB. ridiculeC. derideD. taunt7. Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home. (A)A. unprotectedB. sensibleC. susceptibleD. harmful8. Short of the President himself, probably no one could have put the American case more persuasively. (B)A. Rather thanB. Other thanC. Less thanD. Short forUnit7 Competition Is Destructive1. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermines self-esteem, poisons relationships and holds us back from doing our best.2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a time limit.3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present.4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative.Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5. Who is to blame for competition?It is the structure of the game itself that is to blame rather than the individuals, since it sets competition at the very beginning.Directions: Use the questions given below as a guide to write a summary. You can refer to Task 1 and Task 2.What kind of games does the author use to illustrate the points?What's the significance of changing an "opponent" into a "partner"?What's the difference between teamwork and team competition?What are the possible reasons that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities?What is the real problem?Suggested SummaryBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races. (C)A. got outB. taking awayC. got rid ofD. driving away2. One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution. (B)A. usefulB. spitefulC. harmlessD. cheerful3. They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly. (A)A. characterizeB. confineC. fixD. limit4. Roberts' poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons. (A)A. troublingB. followingC. complainingD. accompanying5. Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all. (C)A. evilB. not productiveC. unfavorableD. hurting6. For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding. (B)A. praisedB. felt maliciously satisfied withC. felt sorry forD. expressed great pleasure of7. In the conducive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot. (D)A. goodB. suitableC. fitD. favorable8. It's a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy.(C)A. state of movementB. political forceC. competing or conflicting systemD. social system9. Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions. (B)A. ovreallB. directC. obscureD. ambiguous10. My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone. (C)A. graveB. sorrowfulC. uglyD. pitifulUnit8 Power to the People1. What is the author's attitude towards alternative energy?The writer believes that alternative energy will play more important roles in the future.2. What advantages does PV have?It has the simplest and most elegant technology to harness the power of the sun, being easy to install and requiring minimal maintenance.3. What advantages does hydropower have?It is a clean, renewable source of energy that offers cheap electricity.4. What are the main disadvantages of wind power?Noise, negative impacts on local tourism, potential disruption to wild life.5. Why are fuel cells considered "zero emission" and preferred by some governments?They release only water vapour into the atmosphere. They are economical and require little maintenance as well as no recharging.Summarize the text.What will be the main means to power our modern societies?Why is it so urgent to find alternative energy?What is the future of solar power, wind power and hydropower?What are the final solutions to man's energy needs?Suggested SummaryIn the article "Power to the People", the author Mark Townsend states that solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now prepared to take the place of fossil fuels and become the main means to power our modern societies. He lists two reasons contributing to man's hot pursuit of alternative sources of energy. One is the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. Another is the crucial progress made by using new technology. According to the writer, a new generation of wafer-thin photovoltaic solar panels will lead to a great future of the solar energy. In addition, if the strength of rough seas can be brought under control, water power is likely to be another major renewable energy. Thirdly wind power can also benefit our life if we can eliminate the negative impacts on the environment. Finally, the author assumes that as an ideal clean energy, fuel cells will be the answer to the future energy needs.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. At the press conference, they were scrambling to give the impression that the situation was in control. (B)A. searchingB. strugglingC. crowdingD. exciting2. Written off again and again, he has proved phenomenal in resilience and political craftiness. (C)A. notableB. tangibleC. extraordinaryD. sensible3. This news has sent a wave of panic through the world which to me seems way out of proportion. (A)A. farB. meanC. simplyD. away4. Downtown business owners say they want the city's homeless shelter moved to a less conspicuous location. (D)A. confrontedB. fantasticC. confidentD. noticeable5. Over the past year, Linux has made significant inroads into embedded designs requiring rich, high performance networking. (C)A. made moneyB. made achievementsC. made advancesD. made progress6. The important thing is to harness growth to self-knowledge, a ready acceptance of change, swift-moving business practice and sound judgment. (B)A. make useB. controlC. produceD. escape7. We are the ones willing and able to run an obstacle course filled with hurdles that we must complete before anyone else. (A)A. barriersB. blessC. reportsD. handouts8. I haven't been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions since I worked abroad three months. (B)A. changeB. adjustC. directD. organize9. The company office was inundated with telegrams of congratulations on the tenth anniversary of its foundation. (B)A. overjoyedB. floodedC. crowdedD. satisfied10. He had drawn a contradictory conclusion in his thesis because he pinned hisfaith on an absurdity. (D)A. decidedB. practicedC. dependedD. placedUnit11 London Bridge Is Falling DownAnswer the following questions briefly according to the text.1. Why the Millennium Bridge was shut down soon after it had opened to the public?FeedbackBecause it kept vibrating when people walked on it.2. What happened to the Internet?The Internet became paralyzed due to many attacks made by anonymous hackers.3. Why was the Steamboat Act not established until 1838?This was due to two major causes. First, people did not figure out what caused the explosion of the steamboat until 1837. Second, the government did not attach enough importance to the problem.4. What does the congressman mean by saying "Let the Government attend to its own business, and let the people attend to theirs."?The congressman means it is the people's duty but not the government's to set standards for producing, maintaining and inspecting steam boilers.5. What's the author's opinion of the high-tech crises?Though the high-tech crises are inevitable, humans will always look for ways to tackle them and will never give up exploring into the unknown fields of science.Summarize the text.What have gone wrong with some new high-tech innovations?What is the writer's opinion of these high-tech crises?Why does the writer review the establishment of the Steamboat Act?How do people deal with technical trouble now?Will people continue to make attempts at new technologies in the future?Suggested SummaryBy highlighting two technological crises, i.e. the swaying Millennium Bridge and the crippling Internet, the writer successfully draws the readers' attention to the somewhat embarrassing problems with some new high-tech innovations. The writer argues that these crises are inevitable because the innovations lead us into the unexplored world of science. With a look back on the establishment of theSteamboat Act, the writer indicates that the improvement of any high-tech innovation will go through a long and slow process. Fortunately, we are now able to respond more quickly to the danger of new technologies, and have become increasingly skilled in controlling the crises. In the end, the writer claims with confidence that humans are certain to defeat any catastrophe, and will never stop exploring the unknown technical world.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. Instead, he concentrates on how he helped raise Clinton from the dead after the debacle of the 1994 congressional elections. (C)A. disputeB. triumphC. catastropheD. deception2. She is running-running away from a shaking house and a row of wobbling green trees. (B)A. swervingB. swayingC. steeringD. striding3. A total of 252 imported pests have been spotted, of which 174 could wreak havoc on forests. (A)A. inflictB. inflateC. preventD. relieve4. But no evidence suggests that she courted danger for her children as she encouraged their freedom. (B)A. ignoredB. provokedC. flatteredD. avoided5. The report explains the gruesome results the weapons will have on human beings. (D)A. seriousB. furiousC. pleasingD. shocking6. Residents are bracing themselves for further carnage caused by the typhoon. (B)A. cargoB. damageC. suicideD. assassination7. The biggest threats to children's health lurk in the very places that should be the safest-at home, in school and the community. (D)A. fleeB. lureC. sneakD. hide8. Vigilance against collateral environmental damage is crucial to sustainable growth nowadays. (D)A. neglectB. suspicionC. indignationD. caution9. Racism has many forms. It does not solely manifest itself against one particular race. (C)A. testifyB. verifyC. showD. conceal10. The child has a very responsive nature and will soon become fond of you. (A)A. sensitiveB. silentC. introvertD. lively。

Unit One TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS David G. Jensen1 What exactly is a key player? A "Key Player" is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. "Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. On my team of seven process engineer and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without," he said. "Key players are essential to my organization. And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. We recruit only key players."2 This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. They want to hire a "key player" from another company. Every company also hires from the ranks of newbies, and what they're looking for is exactly the same. "We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. If it looks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them." It's just a bit riskier.3 "It's an educated guess," says my hiring manager client. Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. You need to help them identify you as a prospective "key player".4 Trait 1: The selfless collaborator John Fetzer, career consultant and chemist, first suggested this trait, which has already been written about a great deal. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry. "It's teamwork," says Fetzer" The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. You just can't succeed in an industry environment without this mindset"5 Many peptides and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent- researcher role and outshining other young stars. You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goal—and documenting the results on your resume. This approach, combined with a liberal use of the pronoun "we" and not just "I" when describing your accomplishments, can change the company's perception of you from a lone wolf to a selfless collaborator. Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborations—and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls.6 Trait 2: A sense of urgencyDon Haut is a frequent contributor to the aas.sciencecareers. org discussion forum. He is a former scientist who transitioned to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position. Haut heads strategy and business development for a division of 3M with more than $2.4 billion in annual revenues. He is among those who value a sense of urgency.7 "Business happens 24/7/365 which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well," says Haut. "One way that companies win is by getting 'there' faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where 'there' is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast and have the courage to act on their convictions. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management."8 Trait 3: Risk toleranceBeing OK with risk is something that industry demands. "A candidate needs to have demonstrated the ability to make decisions with imperfect or incomplete information. He or she must be able to embrace ambiguity and stick his or her neck out to drive to a conclusion," wrote one of my clients in a job description.9 Haut agrees. "Business success is often defined by comfort with ambiguity and risk- personal, organizational, and financial. This creates a disconnect for many scientists because success in academia is really more about careful, studied research. Further, great science is often defined by how one gets to the answer as much as by the answer itself, so scientists often fall in love with the process. In a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business. Putting your neck on the line like this is a skill set that all employers look for in their best people."10 Another important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate's degree of comfort with failure. Failure is important because it shows that you were not afraid to take chances. So companies consistently look for candidates who can be wrong and admit it. Everyone knows how to talk about successes—or they should if they're in a job search—but far fewer people are comfortable talking about failures, and fewer still know how to bring lessons and advantages back from the brink. "For my organization, a candidate needs to have comfort discussing his or her failures, and he or she needs to have real failures, not something made up for interview day. If not, that person has not taken enough risk." says Haut.11 Trait 4: Strength in interpersonal relationships Rick Leach is in business development for deCODE Genetics. Leach made the transition to industry recently, on the business side of things'".I asked him about this key trait because in his new business role, interpersonal abilities make the difference between success and failure. "Scientists spend their lives accumulating knowledge and developing technical acumen," he says, "but working for a business requires something else entirely—people skills. The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets. To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things," says Rick.12 It would be a mistake, however, to assume that strong people skills are required only for business people like Leach. Indeed, the key players I've met who work at the bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because they've been able to work with a broad variety of personalities, up and down the organization.。