实用翻译常用词语
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第4章句法翻译4.1 复习笔记一、换序译法根据译文的语言习惯,对原文的词序进行调整,使译文做到最大程度上的通顺,这就是换序译法。
二、断句译法把一些长句断开来翻译也是翻译中经常采用的方法。
这种翻译方法就叫断句译法。
对长句进行语法分析,先找出句子的主语、谓语和宾语,然后找出修饰主语和宾语的定语和定语从句,以及修饰谓语的状语和状语从句。
理清句子的语法层次之后,就按照译文的语言习惯调整搭配,断开长句进行翻译。
三、转句译法英语中一个用作状语或定语的词组或者名词词组经常包含丰富的语义。
有时,不得不把英语中的词组(有时甚至是个单词)转译成汉语中的一个句子。
汉语中也有这样短小精悍、含义丰富的词组,因此,在汉译英时也经常要用到这种转词为句的翻译技巧。
转句译法同断句译法一样,都是把原文较长的句子拆开来说,以此简化原文的句子结构。
断句译法是把原文中的从句拉出来翻译成独立的句子,而转句译法是把原文中的一个词组或词语拉出来翻译成独立的句子。
四、合句译法在汉译英时,把两个或两个以上的汉语句子翻译成一个英语句子,英译汉时也经常要用合句译法,把两个或两个以上的英语句子翻译成一个汉语句子。
采用合句译法时,都是根据原文各句之间的逻辑关系,在译文的句与句之间加上连接词语,如汉语译文中的“因为”“如果”“但是”“又……又……”以及英语译文中and, while, when, so, but, because, for, as, who等。
五、缩句译法缩句译法,就是根据原文的逻辑关系和译文的语言习惯,把原文中的一个句子紧缩成译文中另一个句子的组成部分。
一般情况下,把原文上下文中相对次要的句子紧缩成相对主要的句子的组成部分,大多紧缩成状语,也有一部分紧缩成定语或同位语乃至主语。
缩句译法更多地用于汉译英。
六、转态译法转态译法,就是在翻译过程中把原文中的被动语态转换成译文,或把原文中的主动语态转换成译文中的被动语态。
英语中用了被动语态的句子在翻译成汉语时,根据汉语的语言习惯把被动语态转换成主动语态;汉语中用主动语态的一些句子在翻译成英语时,也可以根据具体情况把主动语态转换成被动语态。
实用翻译教程,刘季春,中山大学出版社翻译练习答案(仅供参考)P451 .The stereo radio is now a standard feature.立体收音功能现在已经是一种标准功能了。
2. If water is cold enough,it changes to ice.水温降到一定程度就会结成冰。
3. There is clue to the identity of the murderer.没有确定窃贼身分的线索。
4. Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rate.温度一降低,生长速度就会慢下来。
5. We had barely dropped off to sleep when the doorbell began to ring.我们刚睡着的时候门铃就响了。
6. Mankind has always reverenced what Tennyson called "the useful trouble of the ra in".人类一直以来对Tennyson称为“雨带来的有用的麻烦”怀有敬畏。
7. The new rates will apply from 1st January next year, until then the old rates below hold good.新利率将从明年1月1号开始施行,在此之前以下的旧利率控制良好。
8. Usage is the only test . I would prefer a phrase that was easy and unaffected to a ph rase that was grammatical. ( W.Somerset.Maugham:Lucidity,Simplicity,Euphony)语法只是考试用的。
1 啊 ā 【语】【叹】啊!那怎么办?/这些花儿真漂亮啊!2 阿姨 ā yí aunt, / nanny;maid 这是我的阿姨。
/他请了一个阿姨帮他做饭。
3 矮 ǎi short; low 他长得很矮。
4 爱好 ài hào Hobby/be interested in 你有什么爱好?他爱好打篮球。
5 安静 ān jìng quiet;peaceful 我要一间安静的房间。
/在图书馆,我们要保持安静。
6 把 bǎ dealing with/ 【量】把书递给我。
/这是一把尺子。
7 搬 bān move;shift 你要搬到哪里?8 半 bàn half 我只买半个西瓜。
9 班 bān class 他跟我同班。
10 办法 bàn fǎ way, means, measure 用什么办法来帮助他呢?11 办公室 bàn gōng shì office 这里是市场部办公室。
12 帮忙 bāng máng help 妈妈叫小明帮忙整理房间。
13 饱 bǎo be full; full; plump 我吃得很饱。
14 包 bāo wrap / bag 请把这花包起来。
/你的新包真好看!15 被 bèi be made or forced,indicating passive妹妹被打雷的声音吓哭了。
16 北方 běi fāng northern; the northernpart of the country北方的春天真漂亮啊。
17 笔记本 bǐ jì běn laptop 你觉得这种笔记本的键盘怎么样?18 比较 bǐ jiào compare / fairly; quite 我们把两个纲领做了比较。
/头等舱的椅子比较舒服。
19 比赛 bǐ sài competition, compete 比赛马上要开始了。
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二十个翻译术语解释1.归化:“采取民族中心主义的态度,使外语文本符合译入语的文化价值观,把原作者带入译语语文化”【Lawrence Venuti】即在翻译中尽可能用本民族的方式去表现外来作品。
归化法要求译者向译语读者靠拢,采取译语读者习惯的译语表达方式,来传达原文的内容。
归化的目的是力求译文通顺易懂,能为译语读者所接受。
2.异化:“对这些文化价值观的一种民族偏离主义的压力,接受外语文本的语言及文化差异,把读者带入外国情境”【Lawrence Venuti】异化法要求译者向作者靠拢,采取相应于作者使用的原语表达方式,来传达原文的内容。
“(翻译)必须有异国情调,就是所谓的洋气”【鲁迅】异化可以很好的保留或传递原文文化内涵,但对不熟悉源语的读者而言阅读有一定难度。
3.语际翻译:(interlingual translation)。
两种(或多种)语言在它们共同构成的跨语言语境中进行的意义交流。
语际翻译更关注如何在更为广阔的地平域和更广阔的(跨)文化天地中实现异质语言的相互对接和转换----以意义为标尺,以交流为目的的语符转换。
对地域性的倾向。
(简单来说,语际翻译就是不同语际之间的翻译活动)4.语内翻译:(intralingual translation)某一种语言内部为着某种目的进行的词句意义的转换。
语内翻译总是把经典的或非经典的历史文本当作转化的对象,并且以译者所在场的文化语境为标尺师徒把历史文本改造为现代文本。
对历史性的关注。
(简单来说就是同一语言的各个语言变体之间的翻译)5.连续传译:又称“交替传译”或“即席口译”,简称“连传”或“交传”,它是在发言人讲完部分内容或全部内容后,由译员进行翻译。
这种口译方式可以在很多场合下采用,如演讲、祝辞、授课、谈判、情况介绍会、会议发言、新闻发布会等。
一般认为,连续传译的正式职业化是在第一次世界大战后,1919年的“巴黎和会”上大批量地正式使用连续传译。
6.同声传译:(simultaneous interpretation)简称同传,又称同声翻译、同步口译。
常用英语口语(带翻译)通用4篇(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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常用广告词语产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚,深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers.畅销全球selling well all over the world典雅大方elegant and graceful定型耐久durable modeling方便顾客making things convenient for customers方便群众making things convenient for the people; to suit the people's convenience方便商品convenience goods方便生活bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; providing amenities for the people; making life easier for the population各式俱全wide selection; large assortment顾客第一Customers first顾客是我们的皇帝W e take customers as our Gods.规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specifications花样繁多 a wide selection of colors and designs货色齐全goods of every description are available.客商第一,信誉第一clients first, reputation first款式多样 a great variety of models款式活泼端庄vivid and great in style款式齐全various styles款式新颖attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) design; up-to-date styling款式新颖众多diversified latest designs美观大方elegant appearance美观耐用attractive and durable品质优良,疗效显著,誉满全球,欢迎选购excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome.品种多样numerous in variety品种繁多great varieties品种齐全complete range of articles; a great variety ofgoods让我们的商品走向世界Let our commodities go to theworld.色彩鲜艳bright in color色泽光润bright luster色泽艳丽beautiful in colour深受顾客欢迎W e have won praise from customers; to win warm praise from customers.深受国内外客户的信赖和称誉to win a high admirationand is widely trusted at home and abroad.深受消费者的欢迎和好评to be highly praised andappreciated by the consuming public式样美观aesthetic appearance; attractive fashion式样新颖大方modern and elegant in fashion式样雅致elegant in style式样众多in many styles适合男女老幼四季穿着suitable for men and women of all ages in all seasons外型大方elegant shape享有声誉to win a high admiration新品迭出new varieties are introduced one after another行销世界to be distributed all over the world以工艺精细、针法灵巧多样、图案典雅大方而闻名中外1to be renowned both at home and abroad for exquisite workmanship, skillful knitting and elegant design以用料讲究、图案新颖、色泽秀丽、工艺精湛而著称famous for selected materials, novel designs, delightful colors and exquisite workmanship以质优原料,尺寸齐全,品种花样繁多而著称famous for high quality raw materials, full range of specifications and sizes, and great variety of designs and colours誉满中外to enjoy high reputation at home and abroad在国际市场上享有盛誉to enjoy high reputation in the international market造型美观attractive appearance; handsome appearance质量第一,用户至上quality first, consumers first种类繁多wide varieties安心益气to make one feel at ease and energetic包君健康keep you fit all the time保健治病promoting health and curing diseases保暖防风warm and windproof补肝益肾,调和气血,益髓添精,强健筋骨,乌须黑发,驻颜养血an enricher and nutrient for the liver and kidney, for improving blood circulation, beneficial to essential medulla, strengthening sinews and bones, preventing hairs from graying and helpful to retain complexion补气,健脾,益精滋肾,祛风活血,强筋壮骨good for energy and the spleen, beneficial to the sperm, nourishing the kidneys relieving rheumatism, activating blood circulation and strengthening sinews and bones补血和气,壮腰强筋nourishing blood and adjusting spirit, strengthening waist and sinews除湿散寒,祛风定痛relieving rheumatism, chills and pains 穿着舒适轻便comfortable and easy to wear促进体质to invigorate health effectively涤烦疗渴to clear out annoyance and quench thirst冬暖夏凉cool in summer and warm in winter芳香开窍,理气止痛removing obstruction, smoothingcirculation and stopping pains.防病治病,延年益寿to prevent and cure diseases, and to have a long life.富有浓厚诗情两画意rich in poetic and pictorial splendor 瑰丽多彩pretty and colorful花色入时fashionable patterns华丽臻美beautiful and charming戒烟making people refrain from smoking经久耐用durable in use; durable service久享盛名with a long standing reputation居家旅行,工矿必备之良药an indispensable sovereignremedy for home, traveling, factories and mines.老少良伴good companions for children as well as adults 历史悠久to have a long historical standing男女老少皆宜suitable for men, women, and children其功若神as effectively as a fairy does.轻身延寿to reduce body weight and prolong life.清火明目,怡神醒脑,帮助消化to produce an effect toward clear vision, refreshment, and digestion helping清洁口腔cleaning the oral cavity.清热润喉,止咳化痰,益气消哑good for antipyretic and throat soother, curing cough and facilitating expectoration and relieving hoarseness清晰突出clear and distinctive祛风散寒,活血止痛relieving rheumatism and cold,2invigorating blood circulation and stopping pains染制精良meticulous dyeing processes柔软轻盈soft and light色彩夺目,迥然不俗colors are striking, yet not vulgar色彩奇异大方in pain, fancy colors色彩协调matching in color色泽鲜艳可爱lovely luster设计华丽luxuriant in design手感舒适comfortable feel提神,生津refreshing and enriching the saliva条纹清晰clear-cut texture消热止渴relieving heat and thirst.消暑解热,明目怡神relieving heat and sunstroke, refreshing and beneficial to the eyes颜色调和harmonious colors益气强壮,延缓衰老bracing up the whole system and strengthening it, delaying senility益气养阴,生津增液,补肺健脾supplement the vital energy and nourish yin, promote the production of body fluid and saliva雍容华丽rich and magnificent永不褪色fast color优点出众outstanding features质地考究superior (in) quality质地优良fine quality助消化,除油腻to help digest greasy food按质论价fixing prices according to quality of products包装多样diversified in packaging包装牢固strong packing包装美观牢固elegant and sturdy package包装新颖美观fashionable and attractive packages保温性强extremely efficient in preserving heat; good heat preservation保险性强high safety保质保量quality and quantity assured备用详细目录,惠索即寄catalogues will be sent uponrequest备有各种款式的现货,任君挑选available in variousdesigns and specifications for your selection备有塑料盒,便于安全保存 a plastic case iscompartmentalized for safe storage.表面光泽lustrous surface薄利多销volume large, profit small不可退货without return不惜工本spare no cost at any cost; at all costs; at any cost 采用先进技术和工艺to adopt advanced technology采用最新设备和工艺with the most up-to-date equipment and techniques操作简便easy and simple to handle产品按质分等grade products according to quality常饮绿茶,增进健康regular tea drinking improves your health敞开供应sufficient supply; products are sold withoutlimitations; commodities are available without restriction 传送灵活to ensure smooth transmission传统绣工精湛exquisite traditional embroidery art大贱卖sale price; crazy price; terrific value; special buy 定牌包装packing of nominated brand独特的民族风味to have a unique national style多年使用,不出故障to assure years of trouble-free service.防水、防震、防磁waterproof, shock-resistant andantimagnetic3防缩shrink-proof防皱crease-resistance富有弹性high resilience工艺精良sophisticated technologies供不应求in short supply; demand exceeding supply光洁度高highly polished回味隽永pleasant in after-taste货源充足ample supply and prompt delivery技术先进modern techniques技艺精湛exquisite craftsmanship; fine craftsmanship价格公道reasonable price; street price; moderate price价格适中moderate at cost价谦物美high quality and inexpensive; less expensive, high quality goods; high quality and low overhead节日送礼之佳品ideal gift for all occasions洁白纯正pure whiteness洁白如玉jade white洁白透明pure white and translucent结构坚固sturdy construction; firm in structure经久耐用structural durabilities精打细算be shrewd in money matters; careful calculation and strict budgeting居同类产品之魁首to rank first among similar products具有传统风味特色distinctive for its traditional properties 具有中国风味possessing Chinese flavors抗冲击强度高excellent in cushion effect抗热耐磨strong resistance to heat and hard wearing科学精制by scientific process口味鲜美delicious in taste快干drip-dry买一送一buy one give one; buy one get one free免烫non-ironing能多次翻新can be repeatedly remolded.您想购买中国土特产品吗?Do you want to buy someChinese native produce?烹制简便convenient to cook品质优良excellent (in) quality清仓大拍卖clearance price清货大减价big clearance sale清香爽口pleasant to the palate请君常购中国绿茶always buy Chinese green teas.韧硬兼顾to have both the quality of tenacity and hardness 入口和醇mild and mellow软硬适中neither too hard nor too soft散热迅速rapid heat dissipation色泽光洁,柔软防滑lustrous, soft and anti-slippery色泽清澈limpid in sight设计合理professional design设计新颖modern design生意兴隆driving a roaring trade使用方便easy to use使用极便utmost in convenience使用寿命长久long performance life岁末大减价year-end bargain sale甜而不腻agreeable sweetness外观色泽透明bright and translucent in appearance外形永葆如新to ensure a like-new appearance indefinitely 维修简易easy to repair味道纯正good taste味鲜可口agreeable to taste物价稳定price remains stable夏季特别大减价special summer sale4香浓可口aromatic character and agreeable taste香气馥郁fragrant aroma香气高雅elegant in smell香味纯和pure and mild flavor香味浓郁aromatic flavor; fragrant (in) flavor性能可靠dependable performance性能可靠reliable performance性能无与伦比unequal in performance性能优越superior performance选材精良superior materials选料讲究high quality materials选料考究choice materials沿用传统的生产方式with traditional methods易于润滑easy to lubricate用料精选carefully selected materials用料上乘selected material优质西瓜,消暑解渴top watermelons, quell summer thirst制作精巧skilful manufacture制作精巧perfect in workmanship质量高,卫生严high standard in quality and hygiene众所喜爱品尝之佳品delicacies loved by all走时准确punctual timing最新工工艺latest technology做工讲究exquisite (in) workmanship做工精细fine workmanship5。