英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
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独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格构” 就是由一个相当于主的名或代加上非、形容(副)或介短构成的一种独立成分。
构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的不能考其、人称和数的化,它与主句之不能通并列接,也不能由从句阴道引,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格构在很多情况下可以化相的状从句或者其他状形式,但很多候不能化分形式,因它内部的主与主句主不一致。
二、独立主格的特点特点独立主格构的主主句的主不一致,她独立存在。
独立主格构一般置于句首,有置于句中或句尾,用逗号将与主句其隔开独立主格构中的 being 和having been 常可以省略。
大多数独立主格构可以用“with++” 构代替。
独立主格有其特殊的使用合,多用于面,尤其是描述性言中,口中不常使用。
示例Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.叶到,我一下注意到已是深秋了。
(独立主格的主是leaves,主句是 I) Time permitting, the restoration work could be done better.允的,回复工作可以做得更好。
(独立主格的主是Time,主句是 the restoration work)The plan successfully carried out, everything worked out perfectly.划成功地完成了,一切展利。
A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, othersto adjust his girdle, and so on.多官跟在皇帝后面,有的拎着皇帝的袍,其他的他整理要等。
All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.所有的窗开着,屋子里的空气更新了。
独立主格结构独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)1. 名词(代词)+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
独立主格结构的构成独立主格的构成稍显复杂,主要有以下几种:1、名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)e.g. Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.2、名词/代词+过去分词(表示被动和已完成)e.g. The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.3、名词/代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作)e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner(=His friends are going to come tonight so he is busy preparing the dinner.)4、名词/代词+形容词或副词(常用来说明名词的性质,特征或所处的状态)e.g. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.(=Because so many people were absent, the meeting had to be called off.)Nobody in, he left a message on the board.5、名词/代词+介词短语e.g. He went into the classroom,book in hand. (=He went into the classroom and a book is in his hand. )6、with/without+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/不定时e.g. With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. He sat at a desk with his attention fixed on a book.I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.7、It being +名词e.g. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.8、there +being/having beene.g. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.“with/without”引导的独立主格结构“介词with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构,在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语,也可作定语。
语法专项:独立主格结构独立主格结构是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语等作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。
⚫独立主格结构的逻辑主语独立存在⚫独立主格结构在句子中充当状语,定语和补语⚫独立主格结构可以转换为状语从句,定语从句和并列句。
⚫独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
1.逻辑主语+现在分词Time permitting, we will discuss more questions. 如果时间允许的话,我们将讨论更多的问题。
2.逻辑主语+过去分词The bag lost, he had no money now. 由于书包丢了,他现在没有钱了。
3.逻辑主语+不定式Lots of homework to do, I must do it now. 家庭作业有很多,我现在就得做了。
4.逻辑主语+名词Many children are reading here, most of them Chinese. 许多孩子都在这里读书,他们大多数是中国人。
5.逻辑主语+形容词He reads books here, his hands big and fat. 他在这里读书,他的手又大又胖。
6.逻辑主语+副词He pulled on his coat, wrong side out. 他穿上他的外套,结果穿反了。
7.逻辑主语+介词短语He sat there, his eyes on her back. 他坐在那里,眼睛望着她的背影.8.With, without+复合宾语的结构1)With + 名词或代词+ 现在分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her. 这么多人看着她,她感到非常紧张。
2)With + 名词或代词+ 过去分词The boy was sad with the bike broken. 单车坏了,这个男孩很伤心。
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案语法重点:独立主格结构。
1. 原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2. 独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)由两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3. 独立主格结构用法。
A.用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家了。
B. 用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D. 用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上,将两手交叉枕在脑后。
独立主格结构“独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
(一)独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分,形式为:基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1.名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例:The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注:“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去,形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
2.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例:The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3.名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行)to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例:Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.5.名词/代词+形容词短语形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。
英语独立主格结构分析和练习honey_ivory 2009-09-30 09:15 发表独立主格结构一、概念:“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。
二、功能:“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。
众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。
而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。
其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。
如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。
三、形式:独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成:第一部分有名词或代词担任,第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。
按其结构形式分为:—ing 分词独立主格结构;—ed分词独立主格结构;无动词独立主格结构等。
四、举例:1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away.由于无事可做,他们离开了。
(代词+-ing; 表原因)2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.王老师走进教室,手里拿着书。
(无动词结构;表伴随)3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上,闭着眼睛。
(名词+-ed; 表状态)4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放学了,我们开始玩篮球。
(名词+副词;表时间)5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.没再多说一个字,他拾起那张纸。
(借此结构;表伴随)6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会开始了。
语法重点:独立主格结构。
1.原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2.独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)由两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3.独立主格结构用法。
A.用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家了。
B.用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C.用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D.用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上,将两手交叉枕在脑后。
(完整版)独立主格结构讲解及练习独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词;过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)1. 名词(代词)+现在分词例句:The storm drawing nea,the navvy decided to call it a dayThe storm draw ing n ear在句中作:原因状语=Since the storm was drawing nea,the navvy decided to call it a day由于暴风雨即将来临,那个挖土小工决定收工。
(call it a day今天到此为止)例句:Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder.Win ter comi ng 在句中作:伴随状语=The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
造句:时间允许的话,我就和你一起走。
Time permitt in g, I will go with you. 独立主格作:条件状语=改写:ftime permits, I will go with you.造句:那个姑娘望着他,他不知道说什么好。
The girl stari ng at him, he did n 'k now what to say.独立主格作:时间状语=改写:As the girl stared at him, he did n 'tk now what to say.2. 名词(代词)+过去分词例句:He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。