2018年北京市通州区高考英语一模试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．1. ﹣﹣﹣What sort of house do you want to have？Something big？﹣﹣﹣Well，it ______ be big﹣﹣that’s not important．（）A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.won’t【答案】【考点】情态动词【解析】﹣﹣你想拥有怎样的房子？大点的？﹣﹣嗯，不必大﹣﹣那不重要．【解答】答案是B．本题考查情态动词辨析；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；can’t不能，不可能；won’t不会；根据下文的“that’s not important那不重要”推断房子“不必大”，所以答案选择B．2. The police asked the passers﹣by if they________the accident happen．（）A.have seenB.sawC.had seenD.would see【答案】C【考点】动词时态【解析】警察问路人他们是否看到了事故发生．【解答】考查过去完成时．句意：警察问路人他们是否看到了事故发生．看到事故在警察询问路人的动作之前发生，警察询问路人是一般过去时态，那么看到事故就应该是“过去的过去”，即过去完成时．故选：C．3. A “Hello” to a stranger is a small thing________through it we can make the world better for other persons．（）A.forB.butC.soD.or【答案】B【考点】并列连词【解析】对一个陌生人的一声“你好”是一件小事，但通过这件事我们可以让世界对其他的人变得更好．【解答】考查并列连词．前面两个分句之间是转折关系，用连词but，故选B项；for因为；but 但是；so因此；or或者．故选：B．4. He noticed that he________by a stranger when he was walking in the street．（）A.was being followedB.was followingC.had followedD.followed【答案】A【考点】被动语态【解析】他注意到当他在街上散步时被一个陌生人跟踪着．【解答】考查过去进行时的被动语态．he与follow之间是动宾关系，且发生在“was walking in the street”时，要用过去进行时的被动语态．故选A项．B项：过去进行时；C项：过去完成时；D项：一般过去时．故选：A．5. No one________to our complaints， so I will write a letter to the newspaper．（）A.had respondedB.respondsC.has respondedD.is responding【答案】C【考点】动词时态【解析】还没有人对我们的投诉作出回复，所以我将给报社写封信．【解答】考查现在完成时．respond意为“回复”，后接宾语时，常与介词to连用．此处强调对现在造成的影响或结果，要用现在完成时态．故选C项．A项：过去完成时；B项：一般现在时；D项：现在进行时．故选：C．6. Our school will organize a trip to the local mountains，________the students to get close to nature．（）A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.having encouraged【答案】A【考点】现在分词【解析】句意为：我们学校将组织一次到当地山区的旅行，鼓励学生们接近大自然．【解答】考查现在分词．根据句中的谓语will和句子结构可知，此处需用分词作状语，不能用时态故BC不合题意，而will同时限制了完成的动作D是完成结构说明它发生的时间早于organize因此不合题意．故选：A．7. Most city parks are places________you can escape from big， ugly structures of metal and stone．（）A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when【答案】B【考点】限制性定语从句【解析】大多数城市公园都是你可以躲避巨大而丑陋的金属和石头建筑的地方．【解答】考查定语从句．句意：大多数城市公园都是你可以躲避巨大而丑陋的金属和石头建筑的地方．先行词是places在定语从句中做地点状语，所以用where来引导，that、which不能在从句做状语，when做时间状语．故选：B．8. ________your aunt was so busy，why didn’t she employ someone to help her look after the baby？（）A.In caseB.Now thatC.As long asD.As if【答案】B【考点】从属连词【解析】既然你的婶婶太忙了，她为什么不雇一个人帮她照看婴儿呢？【解答】考查从属连词的用法．in case“万一”，引导条件状语从句．now that “既然”，引导原因状语从句．as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句．as if“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句．分析可知前后两句话之间是逻辑上的“原因”关系；句意：既然你的婶婶太忙了，她为什么不雇一个人帮她照看婴儿呢？故选：B．9. ________we get to know foreign places， we come to understand that there are many different ways to live．（）A.BeforeB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.As【答案】D【考点】从属连词【解析】当我们了解外国的地方时，我们开始了解到有许多不同的生活方式．考查从属连词的用法．before“在…之前；才…”，引导时间状语从句．although“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句．unless“除非，如果不”，在意义上相当于if…not，因此在有些场合中unless与if…not可互换使用，引导条件状语从句．as意思是“随着”时，引导时间状语从句；意思是“因为”时，引导原因状语从句；意思是“尽管，虽然”时，引导让步状语从句；意为“按照……的方式”时，引导方式状语从句．分析可知前后两句话之间是逻辑上的“时间”关系；句意：当我们了解外国的地方时，我们开始了解到有许多不同的生活方式．故选：D．10. If asked to look after luggage for someone else，________the police at once．（）rmrmedC.to informrming【答案】A【考点】句子基础知识【解析】如果有人让你替别人照看行李，请马上通知警察．【解答】考查祈使句．分析可知“If asked to look after luggage for someone else”是if引导的条件状语从句，“_____the police at once”是主句．主句的逻辑主语是you，把主语省略掉了，因此横线处应该是谓语动词，而informed、to inform和informing都是非谓语动词，因此可排除掉B、C和D三项．句子用动词原形开头，因此是一个祈使句．主句inform the police at once= You can inform the police at once．句意：如果有人让你替别人照看行李，请马上通知警察．故选：A．11. English in the future will be quite different from________it is today because some of English words may die out．（）A.whereB.thatC.whenD.what【答案】D【考点】宾语从句【解析】在将来英语将会很大不同于今天的英语．可能一些英语单词甚至会彻底地消失．【解答】考查宾语从句．句意：在将来英语将会很大不同于今天的英语．可能一些英语单词甚至会彻底地消失．分析句子可知it is today 是介词from的宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，所以用what引导．that不做成分；when、where做状语．故选：D．12. I have a desire to take up teaching as my profession when I________from the university．（）A.will graduateB.graduateC.have graduatedD.would graduate【答案】B动词时态【解析】当我从大学毕业时，我渴望从事教学工作．【解答】考查一般现在时．根据主句中的have，从句要用一般现在时．故选B项．A项：一般将来时；C项：现在完成时；D项：过去将来时．故选：B．13. A study on smog，________on the Nature website，caught some top scientists’ attention all over the world．（）A.publishB.publishingC.publishedD.being published【答案】C【考点】过去分词【解析】一个出版在自然网站的雾霾，吸引了全世界顶尖科学家的注意．【解答】根据结构可知这句话使用非谓语动词作定语，a study和publish是被动关系，用过去分词作定语．故选：C．14. The children have promised to give us a hand________the packing．（）A.onB.forC.withD.in【答案】C【考点】介词辨析【解析】孩子们答应帮我们收拾行李．【解答】考查介词．据银：孩子们答应帮我们收拾行李．give sb a hand with sth是英语的固定搭配“给某人帮助”，所以介词用with．故选：C．15. It is evident________staying with excellent people can increase the chances of success．（）A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.that【答案】D【考点】it 的用法【解析】很显然，和优秀的人在一起可以增加成功的机会．【解答】考查it的用法．it is evident that……是一个句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句．故选D项．故选：D．第二节完形填空（每小题1. 5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．“You’re going to do WHAT?” I asked my bes t friend, Julie, in alarm．"I’m going to try out for the cheerleading squad （啦啦队）, ’’ she said, eyes fixed onthe ground． We had been best friends since second grade and we did everything together． We had made some（1）_______about what we would do this year, but now she was going（2）_______ on her own． I was sure that if she joined the cheerleading squad, she would become best friends with someone else and I couldn’t（3）_______ the thought．“Why are you doing this? Do you really want to hang around with those girls instead of me? ” I cried, my voice filled with（4）_______．“It’s not about the girls,” Julie said．"It’s about the sport． I want to be on the squad at the high school level because they win scholarships at state competitions, and I have abetter（5）_______ if I’m on the squad here, " she explained． "（6）_______, ’‘ she added, "it’s not like I’m leaving the country or something．’’“Goodbye,” I（7）_______off, leaving Julie standing with a sad look on her face．The rest of the week I was unhappy, and I（8）_______Julie in the hall． I planned to（9）_______the first game and ignore Julie． Instead, I was（10）_______by the enthusiasm and skill of Julie’s cheering． Although she was the youngest member of the team, Julie （11）_______ led cheer after cheer． I saw how her face lit up with（12）_______． I was shocked as I（13）_______that she loved the sport． Trying out for the team had（14）_______ to do with me ﹣maybe it was just something she wanted to do．I（15）_______her shyly, but Julie smiled immediately． "Hey, you were really（16）_______ I began, then added quickly, "I’m so sorry I’ve been（17）_______ to you about your joining the squad．’’Julie（18）_______and replied, “A group of us are going for ice cream﹣why don’t you come along? ”Julie’s quick（19）_______ made my eyes burn, but I smiled in return． As I walked toward the cheerleaders, I realized there was（20）_______ in Julie’s life for all of us． We could save the competition for the game．（1）A.effortsB.plansC.achievementsplaints（2）A.upB.backC.onD.off（3）A.believeB.understandC.standD.share（4）A.fearB.angerC.worryD.guilt（5）A.resultB.positionC.conditionD.chance（6）A.HoweverB.BesidesC.ThereforeD.Otherwise（7）A.marchedB.turnedC.droppedD.put（8）A.guidedB.followedC.avoidedD.supported（9）A.missB.joinC.watchD.win（10）A.amazedB.amusedC.movedD.delighted（11）A.patientlyB.repeatedlyC.nervouslyD.enthusiastically（12）A.surpriseB.joyC.reliefD.pain（13）A.realizedB.acceptedC.rememberedD.doubted（14）A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything（15）A.acceptedB.leftC.approachedD.persuaded（16）A.responsibleB.devotedC.proudD.great（17）A.rudeB.tolerantC.stubbornD.generous（18）A.smiledB.sighedC.criedD.nodded（19）A.permissionB.apologyC.attentionD.forgiveness（20）A.timeB.roomC.helpD.hope【答案】BDCBDBACCADBACCDAADB【考点】完形综合阅读理解综合【解析】本文主要讲述作者和Julie发生的一个矛盾，Julie想进入啦啦队，作者害怕她会离开自己，当她们重新和好后，作者发现Julie并没有因为啦啦队而放弃作者．【解答】（1）B．名词辨析．根据空后what we would do this year可知今年我们会做什么，说明这是我们的计划（plan），故选B．（2）D．副词辨析．根据下文it’s not like I’m leaving the country or something．’’可知这不像我要离开这个国家什么的．说明她要自己离开（go off）去做一些事情，故选D．（3）C．动词辨析．根据上句 I was sure that if she joined the cheerleading squad， she would become best friends with someone else 可知我确信，如果她加入啦啦队，她会成为与别人最好的朋友，这是作者不能容忍（stand ）的，故选C．（4）B．名词辨析．根据上句Why are you doing this？ Do you really want to hang around with those girls instead of me？" I cried，可知你为什么这样做？你真的想和那些女孩而不是我在一起？"我哭了，说明作者很生气（angry），故选B．（5）D．名词辨析．本句and I have a better（5）if I’m on the squad here，" 句意是如果我在这里的啦啦队，我有更好的机会（chance）获得奖学金，故选D．（6）B．副词辨析．根据下句she added，“it’s not like I’m leaving the country or something．’’可知她补充说，”这不像我要离开这个国家或某个地方．"说明是除了（besides）上面的观点之外，又补充了一句，故选B．（7）A．动词辨析．根据下句leaving Julie standing with a sad look on her face．可知留下朱莉站在那里，她脸上露出悲伤的表情．说明作者离开（march off）了，故选A．（8）C．动词辨析．根据下句 ignore Julie．可知无视朱莉．说明作者是故意避开（avoid）她的，故选C．（9）C．动词辨析．本句 I planned to（9）the first game and ignore Julie．句意是我计划观看（watch）第一场比赛，并无视朱莉．故选C．（10）A．形容词辨析．根据下文 I was shocked 可知我很震惊，本句的意思是被这种热情所震惊（amazed），故选A．（11）D．副词辨析．A． patiently 有耐心地，B．repeatedly 重复地，C． nervously 紧张地，D． enthusiastically 热情地，根据上句I was（10）by the enthusiasm and skill of Julie’s cheering．可知我为朱莉欢呼的热情和技巧感到惊讶．说明她在表演的时候非常有热情（ enthusiastically），故选D．（12）B．名词辨析．根据下句she loved the sport可知她喜欢这项运动，说明她非常高兴（joy），故选B．（13）A．动词辨析．本句I was shocked as I（13）that she loved the sport．句意是当我意识到（realize）她喜欢这项运动时，我感到震惊．故选A．（14）C．代词辨析．根据下句maybe it was just something she wanted to do．可知也许这只是她想做的事情．说明这件事与我无关（nothing），故选C．（15）C．动词辨析．A． accepted 接受，B． left离开， C． approached靠近，D． persuaded 说服，本句I（15）her shyly， but Julie smiled immediately．句意是我害羞地接近（approached）她，但朱莉立刻笑了起来．故选C．（16）D．形容词辨析．根据上句I was（10）by the enthusiasm and skill of Julie’s cheering．可知我为朱莉欢呼的热情和技巧感到惊讶．说明她表现得非常好（great），故选D．（17）A．形容词辨析．A．rude粗鲁的，B．tolerant宽容的，C．stubborn 固执的，D． generous慷慨的，根据空前I’m so sorry 可知我很抱歉，说明作者是对之前对她的粗鲁（rude）而感觉到抱歉，故选A．（18）A．动词辨析．根据上文I（15）her shyly， but Julie smiled immediately．可知我害羞地接近她，但朱莉立刻笑（smile）了起来．故选A．（19）D．名词辨析．A． permission 许可，B． apology 道歉，C． attention注意力，D． forgiveness 原谅，根据上句A group of us are going for ice cream﹣why don’t you come along？“可知我们一群人正在吃冰淇淋﹣你为什么不来？”说明她原谅（forgive）了作者，故选D．（20）B．名词辨析．本句As I walked toward the cheerleaders， I realized there was（20）in Julie’s life for all of us句意是当我走向拉拉队队员时，我意识到朱莉的生活中有我们所有人的空间（room），故选B．第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．At my daughter’s presentation ceremony the other day, the school principal remindedthe kids of that truth: they could have multiple careers in their lifetimes．As I lay in bed that evening, I thought about another truth．It’s not just different careers that await each child．It’s a set of completely different lives．I thought about my own life． Five years ago I was in an unhappy marriage; living in a house that I felt wasn’t mine． I felt anxious most of the time and not in control of my own future．Now, I live in my own beautiful apartment． My family life is peaceful, filled withlaughter and the purrs of our three﹣year﹣old cat． I date and have a bunch of new friends ﹣people who didn’t even know me back when I was married．My life is barely recognizable． I created a whole new reality．I have always known that great change is possible． I am the great grandchild of Eastern European immigrants who left their countries with few contacts and even less in English． From the villages of Russia and Poland, they created businesses and communities and English﹣speaking families． Their worlds towards the end of their lives would have barely been like the lives into which they were born．My own parents moved to a new city with two small children and started a brand new life with a new set of friends． And my grandmother lived two completely different lives．For my entire childhood she was a widow （寡妇）after my grandfather died suddenly at 43．She raised her daughters alone, rarely traveled out of her hometown and cared for her elderly mother． At 68, after being single for 26 years, she surprised us all by falling in love and remarrying． She and Harry socialized endlessly, traveled around the country and spent summers at their second home by the sea． They lived their new adventurous lives well into their nineties．Life is full of possibilities． It is full of changes． We assume that our lives arelinear, leading from birth to death in a straight path． But they can change． They can have sharp twists． They can double back and leap forward and begin another story altogether．（1）How did the author feel in the first marriage？________A.Hopeful．B.Scared．C.Helpless．D.Satisfied．（2）What made the family feel unexpected about her grandma？________A.Being a widow for a long time．B.Her decision to start a new life．C.Her happy life with Harry．D.Moving out of her hometown．（3）The author took her family for example to show that________．A.they experienced hardships and joys．B.they were working hard．C.they lived a happy life．D.they don’t like the new life．（4）The best title for this passage might be________．A.Accept life as it is．B.Ever﹣changing lives．C.Facing challenges bravely．D.Never give up．【答案】CBAB【考点】阅读理解综合完形综合【解析】主要讲述了作者的生活从最开始她认为的毫不幸福到后来发生了巨大的变化而使自己过生了幸福的生活【解答】（1）C．推理判断题，根据第二段 Five years ago I was in an unhappy marriage； living in a house that I felt wasn’t mine． I felt anxious most of the time and not in control of my own future．五年前，我的婚姻很不幸福，住在一间我觉得不是我的房子里．我大部分时间都感到焦虑，而不是控制自己的未来．可知作者的第一场婚姻很无助，故选C．（2）B．细节理解题，根据第七段 she surprised us all by falling in love and remarrying． She and Harry socialized endlessly， traveled around the country and spent summers at their second home by the sea．可知祖母结婚并开始新生活使我们惊讶，故选B．（3）A．细节理解题，根据第七段She raised her daughters alone， rarely traveled out of her hometown and cared for her elderly mother． At 68， after being single for 26 years，she surprised us all by falling in love and remarrying． She and Harry socialized endlessly，traveled around the country and spent summers at their second home by the sea．可知作者举出了她祖母的例子说明他们都曾经经历过生活的艰辛和幸福，故选A．（4）B．主旨大意题，通读全文可知作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了她自己和祖母通过改变自己的生活获得更好的生活的经历，故选 B．Time for an adventureAre you bored with your nine﹣to﹣five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and decide what type of adventure you’d like．Activity holidaysOur activity holidays are great for people who love danger or who just like sports． We have a huge variety of water, snow or desert holidays． We will take you scuba diving in the red sea and white water rafting in Canada． If you prefer snow, you can try skiing or snowboarding in the Alps． For those who like warmer weather, we also have sand﹣boarding﹣the desert version of snowboarding or camel travels．Polar expeditionsTake a cruise （乘；游览）to Antarctica or the northern Arctic; explore a land of white natural beauty and wonderful wildlife． Our experts will explain everything about the two poles as you watch the penguins in Antarctica or whales and polar bears in the Arctic．There is no greater adventure than traveling to the end of Earth． A once﹣in﹣a﹣lifetime experience．Cultural journeysOur cultural journeys will help you discover ancient civilizations: India, Thailand, Egypt and many more． Visit temples, palaces and ancient ruins一just remember to bring your camera． Get to know local ways of life by exploring markets, trying exotic foods and meeting local people．Wildlife holidaysWe organize small﹣group tours to get closer to nature in Africa, Asia or South America． Go on safari in Africa and watch lions and giraffes． Meet the famous turtles of the Galapagos Islands． Look for tigers in India or take an elephant safari in Sri Lanka． We use local guides and stay in range of accommodation from tents to tree houses．（1）If you like snow and prefer to take risks， you will probably take________．A.activity holidays．B.wildlife holidays．C.polar expeditions．D.cultural journeys．（2）What do these adventures have in common？________A.They can attract potential animal lovers．B.Sports lovers will like them．C.Those living a fixed working life may try them．D.Those who love nature may be interested in these activities．（3）The author wrote this passage to________．A.introduce a travel agency．B.describe some places of interest．C.introduce different kinds of adventures．D.discuss some interesting travel routes．【答案】ACC【考点】完形综合阅读理解综合【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读，作者主要介绍了一些暑期的冒险活动．【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．由第三段最后一句“There’s no greater adventure than traveling to the two ends of the earth”（没有比极地远征更加冒险的活动）可知，极地远征是最冒险的假期活动．故本题答案为A选项．（2）C．理解推断题．由文章第一段Are you bored with your nine﹣to﹣five routine？Have a look at our exciting range of holidays ，你厌倦了朝九晚五的日常吗？看看我们的令人兴奋的假期，可知，这些活动都适合有固定工作固定上下班的人，故选C．（3）C．主旨归纳题．本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读，作者主要介绍了一些暑期的冒险活动．故选C．Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in China． The number of new cases reached 466, 000 in 2015 , and the cancer caused 422, 000 deaths that year, accounting for more than half of the world’s liver cancer cases and deaths． The good news is that now scientists in China have identified DNA markers specific to liver （肝脏）cancer, which is expected to greatly improve accuracy in diagnosis （诊断）of it．Using the new technology, doctors can provide a diagnosis to patients with liver cancer through simple blood tests． That could decrease the chances of a misdiagnosis by more than half, according to Xu Ruihua, director of the Sun Yat﹣sen University Cancer Center in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, who has led the research．After five years of research, involving over 100 researchers from different institutes, the scientists identified methylation in DNA circulating in the blood that is related to liver cancer． Methylation is an abnormal genetic change that can cause cancer, Xu said． Usingsamples of DNA from a large group of 1, 098 liver cancer patients and 835 healthy people for comparison, they constructed a diagnostic prediction model that showed high sensitivity and accuracy, Xu said in the study, which was published in Nature Materials , a science journal, on Monday．Currently, a method that is often used for diagnosis of early﹣stage liver cancer is to check the level of alpha fetoprotein （甲胎蛋白）, which normally remains at very low level in the blood but increases significantly in many liver cancer patients． But the method is ineffective for 40percent of those who have liver cancer, and 20 percent of patients with no liver cancer are diagnosed as having the disease because rising alpha fetoprotein levels can also be caused by factors such as pregnancy and so on, Xu said．But using the new method, about 85 percent of cancer patients can be diagnosed and only about 7 percent of patients are misdiagnosed, he said． The new method is more accurate and much simpler and does not require other tests, Xu said． The center has developed tests for liver cancer based on the research, and they will be used on people with a high risk of the disease at Sun Yat﹣sen University’s Cancer Hospital, he said． And the tests are expected to be widely available for clinical use by the end of the year, he said．（1）What effect does the new technology produce？________A.The death rate of liver cancer will decrease．B.It saves the trouble of the doctors and patients．C.Xu Ruihua will be famous overnight．D.There will be less patients of liver cancer．（2）What is the disadvantage of the current method ﹣checking the level of alpha fetoprotein？________A.It is not effective at all．B.It involves high risks．C.It is time﹣consuming．D.It leads to misdiagnosis sometimes．（3）The researchers could adopt blood test to check liver cancer because of discoveryof________．A.samples in DNA．B.methylation in DNA．C.alpha fetoprotein．D.genetic change．（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？________A.The rate of misdiagnosis is comparatively high with the new method．B.The researchers are optimistic about the new method．C.The research result has been put into practice．D.The blood test is not effective enough．【答案】ADBB【考点】阅读理解综合【解析】本文是一篇科教类阅读，属于说明文，肝癌是中国最常见的癌症之一． 2015年新病例数达到46.6万，当年癌症造成422，000人死亡，占世界肝癌病例和死亡人数的一半以上．好消息是，现在中国的科学家已经确定了肝癌特异性的DNA标记，预计这将大大提高诊断的准确性．【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．根据Using the new technology， doctors can provide a diagnosis to patients with liver cancer through simple blood tests． That could decrease the chances of a misdiagnosis by more than half 可知，新技术使肝癌的死亡率会下降．故选A．（2）D．细节理解题．根据But the method is ineffective for 40percent of those who have liver cancer， and 20 percent of patients with no liver cancer are diagnosed as having the disease because rising alpha fetoprotein levels can also be caused by factors such as pregnancy and so on但这种方法对于40%的肝癌患者是无效的，20%的非肝癌患者被诊断为患有这种疾病，因为甲胎蛋白水平升高也可能由怀孕等因素引起，可知，目前检查甲胎蛋白水平方法的缺点﹣有时会导致误诊．故选D．（3）B．细节理解题．根据After five years of research， involving over 100 researchers from different institutes，the scientists identified methylation in DNA circulating in the blood that is related to liver cancer． Methylation is an abnormal genetic change that can cause cancer可知，研究人员可以通过验血来检查肝癌，因为发现了DNA中的甲基化．故选B．（4）B．推理判断题．根据 And the tests are expected to be widely available for clinical use by the end of the year， he said．可以看出，预计该测试将在今年年底之前广泛用于临床应用．故研究人员对这种新方法持乐观态度．故选B．Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but expectations can be high when a film of a favourite book is made． There are very many times I have been disappointed by a film of a book I love． So maybe highly regarded books do not always make good films, it is safe to say that great movies may be made from not particularly good books．The source material may be anything from classic novels, short stories, comic books and stage plays, as well as non﹣fiction such as biography and autobiography, even those written by ghostwriters． All can work well, but why do many adaptations and indeed remakes fail with both cinema audiences and critics?A key question is obviously how close to the original the film is． Since a typical film is only around two hours long, it becomes a question of what to leave out, and how to script the dialogue． Sometimes there may be changes to the plot, additions and even different endings to please producers, directors and test audiences． I, like many people, have often left the cinema feeling “the film is not like the book”．Another problem area is the cast． Whether suitable actors are found or not can mean the difference between success and failure． Readers of the book use their imaginations to visualize characters and have very definite ideas about how characters look and sound． This is where I think many film adaptations fall down．Some books are just too difficult to film for technical reasons, although movies like The Life of Pi are changing this perception． The impact of CGI technology has had a huge impact on the movie industry and allowed the previously unfilmable to become a reality． Sometimes authors are very involved in the process and many may even be the screenwriters． This can actually be a bad thing because they may be too close to thematerial and find it difficult to adapt． At other times they are not the screenwriters, and there are instances where writers have been very unhappy with the film versions of their work． Roald Dahl and Stephen King are examples of this． Even more extreme was novelist J． D． Salinger who made sure no film versions of his popular novels could ever be made． Inthis situation, it is clear viewers will not be disappointed．（1）In what situation adaptations from books to films possibly satisfy the audiences？________A.Adaptations of lower expectation from audiences．B.Adaptations of popular books．C.Adaptations of good books．D.Adaptations of books that audiences love．（2）Novelist J． D． Salinger is mentioned in the last paragraph in order to________．A.tell us how disappointed the audiences are．B.show that many authors are involved in the process of making films．C.prove that authors may not necessarily be good screenwriters．D.show some writers are against the idea of making books into films．（3）Which of the following presents the correct structure of the passage？________（4）What is the purpose of the passage？________A.To argue that good books should be adapted to films．B.To persuade the audiences to accept the adaptations from books to films．C.To explain the reasons why many adaptations from books to films failed．D.To inform that adaptations should be based on various kinds of books．【答案】ADBC【考点】阅读理解综合【解析】本文讲述的是为什么许多改编自书籍的电影最后失败了．【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．根据“but expectations can be high when a film of a favourite book is made”可知，期望值太高，会导致电影很失败．所以要降低观众的期望值．故选A．（2）D．细节理解题．根据“At other times they are not the screenwriters， and there are instances where writers have been very unhappy with the film versions of their work”可知，在最后一段中提到了小说家塞林格，目的是为了表明一些作家反对将书制作成电影的想法．故选D．（3）B．文章结构题．根据文章内容可知，本文开头提出疑问，为什么改编自小说的电影会失败．之后分三个原因进行分析，最后总结出，是观众的期望值太高了．故选B．（4）C．主旨大意题．根据文章内容可知，本文讲述的是为什么许多改编自书籍的电影最后失败了．故选C．第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．Are you satisfied with the shape of your nose？（1）_______This is according to a recent study carried out by scientists from Pennsylvania State University， US． They found that climate played a key role in shaping our noses．The findings were based on an examination of the size and shape of noses of 476 peoplefrom four regions﹣West Africa， East Asia， South Asia and Northern Europe．（2）_______With the help of it， the researchers can get the results more accurately．“People have thought for a long time the difference in nose shape among humans across the world may have arisen as a result of natural selection because of climate，” Arslan Zaidi，one of the lead authors of the study said． But while previous studies were based on measurements from human skulls， Zaidi and his team looked at nose shape itself．（3）_______They looked at the width of the nostrils （鼻孔），the distance between nostrils，the height， length and angle （角度）of the nose， and the size of the nose and the nostrils．The results showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climates，while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climates．（4）_______This is in turn，led to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator．According to Zaidi，now we’ve only known a little about the relationship between climate and nose shape．（5）_______Through further study， researchers believe that they will get more findings which are valuable in understanding potential health issues in the future．A．There are a variety of nose shapes across the world．B．They examined seven nose traits （特征）that differ across populations and geographical areas．C．But more study is still needed to test the link between them．D．And 3﹣D facial imaging technology is used in the study．E．If not， the climate may be to blame， not your parents．F．The nose shapes are determined by many factors．G．That， Zaidi said， could be because narrower nose help to increase the wetness content of air and warm it．【答案】E,D,B,G,C【考点】七选五阅读【解析】本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了你对鼻子的形状满意吗？如果不是，气候可能是罪魁祸首，而不是你的父母．根据美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学的科学家们最近的一项研究，他们发现，气候在塑造我们的鼻子方面起着关键作用．【解答】1﹣5 EDBGC（1）E．细节理解题．根据“Are you satisfied with the shape of your nose？你对鼻子的形状满意吗”可知此处应填“”如果不是，气候可能是罪魁祸首，而不是你的父母．故选E．（2）D．细节理解题．根据“With the help of it， the researchers can get the results more accurately．在它的帮助下，研究人员可以获得更准确的结果”可知此处应填“本研究采用三维人脸成像技术．”故选D．。
