常用近义同义词替换表

雅思写作常用近义同义词替换表1.Abandof=aherdof=aflockof一群2.Arangeof=anarrayof=alistof=acollectionof=aseriesof= asetof一系列3.Accelerate=speedup 加速4.Accomplishment=achievement成就，完成Accomplish=achieve（V）完成，达成，成就5.Attend=participatein参加6.Achieve=obtain=gain=accesstosth得到、获得7.Adaptto=integrateinto使适应、融为一体8.Aim(.n)=objective=goal 目的9.Aimat=focuson=concentrateon=emphasizeon集中、强调10.Attempttodo=trytodo=intendtodo尝试作，想要作11.Approximately=roughly=about=some=around大约12.Appreciation=interest 欣赏13.Asaresult=consequently=asaconsequence=hence因此、从而14.Aswellas=and和Aswell=too 也15.Associatewith=connectwith=linkwith=relateto=involvein与……相关联16.Attachto=connectto=linkto=serve与……相连接、附着在……上17.Atwill=atrandom＝bychance=byaccident=accidentally 随意地18.Automaticallyensure=guarantee 确保19.Besimilarto=closelyresembled=havesomethingincommon 相似20.Beusedto=bedevotedto 专门用于21.Beequivalentto=beequalto 等同于22.Betakenaback=besurprised 吃惊23.Briskly=rapidly=swiftly 快速地24.Calculate=measure 衡量25.Catchupwith=keeppacewith 跟上步伐26.Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的27.Chronic=longterm慢性病的plain=illness病症29.Concernn.=focus 关心的问题30.Concernv.=about与……有关31.Concept=conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解32.Condition=regulate 调节33.Confront=encounter=inthefaceof 面临34.Concern=care 关心35.Consistof=comprise 由什么组成36.Concurwithsb=agreewithsb同意某人37.Contaminate=pollute=poison污染38.Contend=assert=cliam断言39.Contributeto=resultin=leadto=linkto=responsiblefor 导致40.Cooperatewith=workwith 与……协作41.Convertto=turninto 转为、转变为42.Cropup=cropout=comeup 出现43.Degenerated=underdeveloped 退化44.Distractfrom=cannotconcentrate 使精力分散45.Deadly=fatal致命的46.Diminish=decrease=shrink减少47.Distortreality=farfromreality=dishonest不真实的48.Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处49.Distinct=distinguish=different=unique 不同的50.Distinctvarietyof=differentkindof=separatekindof 不同的51.Distinguish=tell 辨别52.Dueto=becauseof 由于53.Drawback=defect=ill 缺点54.Eat=feed 喂食，进食55.Endanger=threaten威胁56.Engagein=participatein=joinin 参与57.Establish=setup 建立58.Establish=findout=figureout=workout 查明59.Evolvement=development=progress 发展、发育60.Emphasize=stress 强调（v）61.Embarkupon=start=launch 开始62.Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识63.Entire=whole全部64.Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）65.Failtodo=failuretodo=cannotto do不能够做66.Farfrom=notatall 根本不67.Fault=flaw=defect错误68.Form=shape=mould 形成69.Foundation=basis 基础70.Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）71.Free=release=setfree 释放72.Frequently=often 经常73.Greatmilestone=impact=effect=influence对…具有很重要的影响力74.Grant=give授予75.Gas=petrol石油76.Hold=harbor=embrace 拥有77.Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞78.Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍79.Identical=thesame 一模一样80.Imitate=impersonate 模仿81.Inclinetodo=tendtodo 倾向于做某事82.Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明83.Identify=recognize 鉴别84.Inreactionto=respondto对……起反应85.Interpret=illustrate解释86.Introduceto=importto 引入87.Key(a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=playavital/animportantpart/rolein 重要的，关键的88.Key(n.)=approach=means=method=technique 方法89.Likelihood=possibility可能性90.Link-up=connection联系91.Master=grasp掌握92.Matchsthto=assignsthto 把……和……搭配起来93.Misconception=misunderstanding=mistakenview 错误的理解94.Modify=change=alter 修改、改变95.Manifestation=demonstration显示、表明96.Nature=character=characteristics 本质、特点97.Non-toxic=lesspoisonous=safe无毒的、安全的98.Novela.=fresh=new=uptodate 新潮的、创新的99.Numerous=anumberof 许多100.Owingto=thanksto=contributeto 多亏……，有赖于……101.Pattern=format 形式，模式102.Pattern=design 图案103.Poreover=study研究104.Poisonous=toxic 有毒的105.Portray=describe 描写塑造(v.)106.Portrait=description 描写塑造(n.)107.Preserve=store 储存108.Prevailing=popular=prevalent盛行的109.Presentday=modernsociety现代社会、现在时代110.Prodigiouseffort=enormouseffort重大的努力111.Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bringabout=result= breed=spawn激发、产生112.Provide=offer 提供113.ProtectAfromB=shelterAfromB使A不受B的侵害114.Questionnaire=survey 问卷调查115.Readily=easily=accessible容易地116.Reflect=consider考虑117.Relateto=understand=appreciate 理解118.Relyon=dependon 依靠……119.Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）120.Replace=taketheplaceof取代121.Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins剩余物、废墟122.Resemble=like=as像123.Show=reflect表现124.Significance=importance重要性125.State=Situation=circumstance状况,状态,情形126.Striking=noticeable值得注意地127.Strugglefor=strivefor努力地争取128.Substantial=considerable想当可观的129.Success=achievement=greatoutcome=greatprogress=huge development成功、成就130.Surprising=unexpectedlyuncommon令人吃惊的131.Taketo=beusedto=getusedto对……习惯132.Tale=story=fairytale故事133.Talent=gift天赋134.Tuition=formalteaching正式的学校教育135.Turnto=consult寻求帮助、求助于136.T oxic=poisonous有毒的137.Unbiased=withoutprejudice无立场、不带任何偏见的138.Upto=dependon/upon=relyon由……决定139.Universal=popular普遍140.Virtue=advantage=strength优点好处141.Workout=figureout=reckon计算出、作出--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Y ou know,我是悠悠的分割线君1.Solve=dealwith=copewith=handle=resolve=address=tackle 解决2.Damage=hurt=injure=harm=impair=undermine=jeopardize损害3.给与：Give=offer=render=impart=provide=supply=afford4.培养：Develop=cultivate=foster5.优势：Advantage= merit=virtue=benefit=upside=strength6.缺陷：Disadvantage=demeri=drawback=downside=weakness7.使迷惑：Puzzle=bewilder=perplex=baffle8.Key=crucial=critical=important=significant=vital=substantial=indispensable=imperative重要的9.Think=believe=insist=maintain=assert=conclude=deem=hold=argue=beconvinced=befirmlyconvinced=befullyconvinced认为10. 保护：Protect=conserve=preserve11. 确保：Assure=ensure=guarantee=pledge12. 有害的：Bad=banefulevil=harmful=detrimental13. 要求：Request=demand=needs=requisition14. Eliminate=clear=remove=clearup=takeaway=smoothaway 消除15.Leadto=bringabout=resultin=cause=sparkoff=conduceto=proc ure=induce=generate导致16.So=therefore=thus=hence=consequently=asaconsequence=acc ordingly=asaresult=becauseofthis=asaresultofthis因此17.Growto=riseto=increaseto=goupto=climbto=ascendto=jumpto=s hootto 增长至18. Dipto=fallto=declineto=decreaseto=dropto=godownto=reduceto=slumpto=descendto=sinkto=slideto 降低至19. 保持稳定：Levelout=donotchange=remainstable=remainstill，=remainsteady=bestable=maintainthesamelevel= remainunchanged=bestill=remainthesamelevel=stayconstant= keepatthesamelevel=leveloff=stabilize=keepitsstability= evenout 20. 急剧的：Dramatically=drastically=sharply=hugely=enormously，=steeply=substantially=considerably=significantly=markedly，=surprisingly=strikingly=radically=remarkably=vastly=noticeably 21. Steadily=smoothly=slightly=slowly=marginally=gradually，=moderately=mildly 平稳地22. 宣称：Allege=assert=declare=claim23. 发生：Happen=occur=takeplace24. 原因：Reason=factor=cause25. 发展：Development=advance=progress26. 有益的: Useful=helpful=beneficial=profitable=rewarding，=advantageous27. 影响：Influence =impact=effect28.Clear=obvious,evident,self-evident,manifest,apparent,crystal-cle ar明显的29. Comprise=takeup=accountfor=constitute=consistof= makeup=occupy= hold=compose占30. 与…相比：Comparedwith=comparedto=incomparisonwith，=incomparisonto=by comparison with=bycomparisonto31. 对比而言：Bycontrast=incontrast=ontheotherhand，=onthecontrary=conversely32.Show=reveal=illustrate=demonstrate=depict=present=represe nt= descried展示33. 大约：Approximately=almost=about=around=nearly=roughly34. 波动：Fluctuate=goupsanddowns=displayafluctuation，=demonstrateafluctuation35. 事实上：Practically=inpractice=essentially=inessence=inreality，=ineffect=infact=asamatteroffact=itisafactthat36. 换言之：Namely=thatistosay=inotherwords，=toputitlikethis，=toputitdifferently=toputitfromanotherway=toputitfromanotherangle36. 与…有关: Concernwith=relateto37. 增加：grow=increase=rise38. 集中：concentrateon=focuson40. 计划做…: tendtodosth=planetodosth/wanttodosth41. 与…有关联:beassociatedwith=beconnectedwith=belinkedto42. 方法：approach=method=way43. 建立：establish=found=setup=establishment=organization44. offersb.sth.=supplysb.withsth.=providesb.withsth. =grant 提供…给某人45. 争论：argument=disagreement46.合同，合约：contract=agreement47.没有：no=without=haveno48.混乱：chaos=mess49.里程碑：monument=landmark50.帮助某人：helpsbwith=assistsbindoingsth=reachahandtosbpetitor=rivalrecognizeas=look/assumeas52.作品：work=masterpiece--------------------------------------------------------------------------------对，没错，我就是分割线君^_^★高频短语：1．befilledwith=beinundatewith=besaturated with充满了2．strugglefor=aspireafter=strivefor=sparenoeffortsfor努力3. embarkon=takeup=setabout=goinfor从事4. in present-day society =in contemporary society= inthisdayandage在当代5. ahostof=amultitudeof=avastnumberof= avastamount of大量的6.begoodfor=dogoodto=bebeneficialto=beadvantageousto=becond uciveto对…有益处7. harmful/badfor=bedetrimentalto=bedisadvantageousto= beperniciousto对…有害处8．focusondevoteoneselfto=dedicateoneselfto=commit oneselfto=engageoneselfin=employoneselfin集中精力于9．think=argue=assert=contend=claim=maintain=holdthe viewpointthat=holdthestandpointthat=holdtheperspectivethat = harbouranidea/opinionthat=embraceaviewthat认为10．beagainst=reject=object=oppose=beopposedto= becomehostileto反对11．support=takesideswith=advocate=lendsupportto=singhighpraiseof支持12. leadto=trigger=resultin=bringabout=contributeto= giveriseto=givebirthto=beresponsiblefor导致13. beascribedto=beattributedto 归咎于14. 发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve)=A及物动词组promote,advance,enhance,reinforce名词promotion,advancement,enhancement,reinforcement=B不及物动词rocket,boom,flourish,prosper15．befacedwith=beencounteredwith=bepoisedonthebrinkof面临，面对16. destroy=damage=decompose=destruct=endanger=impair=decimate=deteriorate破坏17．limit=restrict,=restrain,=constrict=constrain=obstacle=barric ade=smother=curb=hinder=impede阻碍，限制18．makeaconclusion=drawaconclusion=reachaconclusion= arriveataconclusion=hammeraconclusion =crystallizeaconclusion 下结论19. dialect 方言accent 腔调20. looklike=resemble 类似，像21. chronic 长期的,慢性的long-term 长期的22. on-line=net=cyber 网络23. solely=merely=only 单独地，唯一地。

A band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of 一系列Accelerate=speed up加速Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就Attend=participate in 参加Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体=objective=goal 目的Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约Appreciation=interest 欣赏As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而As well as=and和As well=too也Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似Be used to=be devoted to专门用于Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地C Calculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complain=illness 病症Concern n. =focus关心的问题Concern v. =about 与……有关Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解Condition=regulate 调节Confront=encounter=in the face of面临Concern = care关心Consist of=comprise由什么组成Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染Contend=assert=cliam断言Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致Cooperate with=work with 与……协作Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为Crop up=crop out=come up 出现D Degenerated=underdeveloped退化Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散Deadly=fateful 致命的Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处Distinct=distinguish=different=unique不同的Distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind of不同的Distinguish=tell辨别Due to=because of由于Drawback=defect=ill缺点E Eat=feed 喂食，进食Endanger=threaten 威胁Engage in=participate in=join in 参与Establish=set up建立Establish=find out=figure out=work out查明Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育Emphasize=stress 强调（v）Embark upon=start=launch开始Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识Entire=whole 全部Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）F Fail to do=failure to do=can not do没有能够做Far from=not at all根本不Fault=flaw=defect错误Form=shape=mould形成Foundation=basis基础Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）Free=release=set free释放Frequently=often 经常G Great milestone=impact=effect=influence对……具有很重要的影响力Grant=give授予Gas=petrol石油H Hold=harbor=embrace拥有Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍I Identical=the same一模一样Imitate=impersonate模仿Incline to do=tend to do倾向于做某事Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明Identify=recognize鉴别In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应Interpret=illustrate解释Introduce to=import to引入K Key (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ animportant part/role in重要的，关键的Key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法L Likelihood=possibility可能性Link-up=connection 联系M Master=grasp 掌握Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解Modify=change=alter修改、改变Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明N Nature=character=characteristics本质、特点Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的Numerous= a number of 许多O Owing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于……P Pattern=format形式，模式Pattern=design图案Pore over=study 研究Poisonous=toxic 有毒的Portray=describe描写塑造(v.)Portrait=description描写塑造(n.)Preserve=store 储存Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed=spawn激发、产生Provide=offer 提供Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害Q Questionnaire=survey 问卷调查R Readily=easily=accessible 容易地Reflect=consider考虑Relate to=understand=appreciate理解Rely on=depend on 依靠……Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）Replace=take the place of 取代Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins剩余物、废墟Resemble=like=as像S Show=reflect表现Significance=importance 重要性State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形Striking=noticeable值得注意地Struggle for=strive for 努力地争取Substantial=considerable 想当可观的Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的T Take to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯Tale=story=fairytale 故事Talent=gift 天赋Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于Toxic=poisonous 有毒的U Unbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定Universal=popular普遍V Virtue=advantage=strength 优点好处W Work out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出11.1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2.2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3.3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4.4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5.5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6.6缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7.7使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8.8重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital,substantial, indispensable, imperative9.9认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold,argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10.10保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11.11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12.12有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13.13要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14.14消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15.15导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduceto, procure, induce, generate16.16因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence,accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17.17增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascendto，jump to，shoot to18.18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go downto，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19.19 保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20.20急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably 21.21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22.22宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23.23发生：Happen, occur, take place24.24原因：Reason, factor, cause25.25发展：Development, advance, progress26.26有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27.27影响：Influence, impact, effect28.28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent,crystal-clear29.29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, makeup, occupy, hold, compose30.30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，incomparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely 31.32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present,represent, describe32.33大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly33.34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstratea fluctuation34.35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，inreality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that 35.36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle36.Concern with = relate to 与有关37.grow= increase= riseconcentrate on = focus on38.Under the title=name achievement =success39.tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth40.be associated with = be connected with = be linked to 与……有关联41.approach = method = way = key intensely= extremely = very42.establish= found = set up establishment = organization43.offer sb sth =supply sb with sth =provide sb with sth= grant44.argument= disagreementwork = materpiece 著作45.contract = agreement合同，合约no= without = have no 没有46.chaos = mess 混乱monument= landmark里程碑47.help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sb帮助某人作某事48.draw from = take fromleading = outstandingpetitor= rival recognize as = look/assume as21.dislike=distaste test = examine2.effect= impact=influencefrom…to = range from…to…3.ignore = neglectas per=according to4.unfold= carry on be reluctant to do=reject=refuse5.before = prior to6.predict = estimate =anticipateobey= abide by = comply with7.account for= explain= elucidate=illustrate in essence = in fact=indeed8.discrepancy=difference=shade forgo=give up9.context =environment=sircumstance=situation10.radical different=extremely different put another way=in other words11.sort out= find out= figure out plausible = reasonable12.fear=worrypollute = contaminate13.predict= anticipate=forecastoverstate = exaggerate14.in great number of = in _____ number ofactually=indeed15.disappear= extinct灭绝seem to do =assume to do16.solve = cope with=deal with解决accelerate = speed up17.impact = effect =influenceresponse to = react to18.opinion poll= survey reason = factor 原因、因素19.entitle= name overwhelming=dominant20.field =domain 学科领域oppose=against21.for example=such as=for instance=sayaltruistic=non-selfish22.lead to=result in 导致 extremely=seriously 严重地23.perception = view 观点、看法 association=society协会24.encounter with = face=confront面对postpone to=delay25.pressing=urgent紧急、急迫measure=solution=method解决方法26.key=crucial =significant=importmant关键、重要27.but=yet enormous importance=great/significantunch=startderive from = get from29.revert to= get back todistinction=identity30.immense =greatin the domain of=in the field of31.couple with = along withamass dollar=accumulate dollar32.essential feature = principleseize=grasp33.innovative=fresh drab=dull/single34.entirely=totallybe restricted to=be limited to35.needs=demand36.dub=call=name reflex=reaction/response37.result from=originate frombe critical for = be important to38.demanding=difficultretune=adjust39.seek for =search foroutlook=view40.figure out = find outtrack=follow41.in response to=respond to = react to42.prominence=importance revolution=invention43.in relation to= in association withsociety = association44.treatise=workfeature=characteristicsmercial exploitation =commercializedo with=due to=because of46.objective = impersonal=impartialfoster=develop47.account=explanation=illustrationsubstantial=consider=enough48.be acknowledged=be realizedpilot program=trial program49.configuration=structurephenomenal=surprising50.make stride=make progressregardless of=despite of51.perpetuate=keep=maintainaccess to sth=get sth52.vital importance=extremely important53.rest=depositartificial=manmade54.make a comeback=return=re-enterbig=popular55.ignite=trigger a field of=a domain of56.encompass=unifyimply=indicate57.breakthrough=milestonearound the corner=is coming58.materialize=realizetide=trend59.agency=organizationreckon=deem60.approach=methodspot=find out61.boost=promoteprospect=future62.feature=portray elusive=pessimistic63.match up to sth=equal with impressive=great64.impact=effect=influencefragile=vulnerable65.indigenous people=native peopletend to=look after66.undermine=destroy=damageinevitable=unavoidable67.renaissance=revive for instance=for example68.operate=run69.failure=incidentrare=unusually70.tension=pressurecompression=pressure71.prime=get ready to doinclusion=impurity72.occur=happenanalyze=closely examine73.detect=examine74.trigger=produceinduce=encourage75.regardless=in spite of considerable=substantial76.important =crucial77.opinon=perspective, standpoint78.fame=prestige79.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings lessintense or severe)80.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he doesnot want to),compel81.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)82.Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her83.small=minuscule(very small), minute84.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)85.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does thingsvery thoroughly86.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring,and involves a lot of efforts)87.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)88.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid thatsomething or keep away from it89.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinionor decision on something.)90.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)91.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(somethingimmutable will never change or be changed)92.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)93.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)94.respect=esteem95.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)96.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)97.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially topeople's safety and health)98.nowadays=currently99.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)100.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)101.difficult=formidable102.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)103.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)104.approximately将近-nearly, almost105.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)106.scholarship=fellowship107.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)108.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)109.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)110.despite=not withstanding(FORMAL)111.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)112.sharp=acute(severe and intense)113.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen114.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)115.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)116.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)117.of=necessary to118.without=free from119.about=concerning=related to120.在…方面:in …ways=in …aspects/respects/perspectives121.用…方法：in…ways=in…fashion=in …manner122.rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off123.poor = needy = impoverished124.good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous125.bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable126.healthy = robust = sound = wholesome127.surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous128.energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated129.难的：difficult=troublesome=burdensome=thorny130.不可或缺的：necessary=indispensable=inevitable=irreplaceable=unavoidable131.重要的：important=crucial, critical, essential, vital132.=be importance=be of cruciality=be of criticality= be of essentiality=be of vitality133.巨大的：large=enormous, tremendous, considerable, appreciable 134.正确的（correct）=仔细的(careful)=arduous=assiduous135.有道理的：reasonable=rational and plausible136.吸引人的：attractive=inviting and appealing137.足够的：adequate and sufficient138.日常：daily = day-to-day = everyday139.improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize140.solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with141.destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate142.develop = cultivate = foster = nurture143.encourage = motivate = stimulate = spurplete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve145.destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize146.influence= impact147.danger = perils =hazards148.human beings= mankind = humane race149.old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 150.teachers = instructors = educators = lecturerscation = schooling = family parenting = upbringing152.young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents153. responsibility = obligation = duty = liability154.因素：cause, reason=factor, determinant155.联系：relationship(relate A to B) =connection(connect A to B ) =association(associate A to B)156.优点：advantage=benefit=superiority=merit = favorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirableaspects/respects/perspectives157.disadvantage=detriment=inferiority=defect=deficiency=unfavorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirableaspects/respects/perspectives158.enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment159.children = offspring = descendant = kid★高频短语：1.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturatedwith2.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3.从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for4.在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day andage5.a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of6.对…有益处：be good for.=do good to=be beneficial to=be advantageous to=be conducive to7.对…有害处：be harmful/bad for=be detrimental to=be disadvantageous to=be pernicious to8.集中精力于：focus ondevote oneself todedicate oneself tocommit oneself toengage oneself inemploy oneself in9.认为：think = argue, assert, contend, claim maintain, notehold the viewpoint thathold the standpoint thathold the perspective thatharbour an idea/opinion thatembrace a view that10.反对：be against=reject, object, oppose=be opposed to=become hostile to11.支持：support=take sides with=advocate=lend support to=sing high praise of12.导致：lead to=trigger=result in, bring about, contribute to=give rise to, give birth to, be responsible for13.(归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to)14.发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve)=A 及物动词组 promote, advance, enhance, reinforce名词 promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement=B 不及物动词 rocket, boom, flourish, prosper15.有：负面含义：suffer, run high risk ofhas正面含义：boast, embrace16.中性含义：face=be faced with=be possessed of面临，面对：be faced with=be encountered with=be poised on the brink of 17.破坏：destroy, damage=A decompose, destruct=B endanger, threaten=C impair, decimate, deteriorate=D exercise/practice/perform damage/danger…upon18.阻碍：limit=A restrict, restrain, constrict, constrain=B obstacle, barricade=C smother, curb=D hinder, impede212119.下结论：make a conclusion=A draw a conclusion thatreach a conclusion thatarrive at a conclusion that=B hammer a conclusion thatcrystallize a conclusion that20.使用：use=employ, apply, adopt,=resort to21.innovate/ invent22.attend to/ take care of23.balanced/ equitable24.virtual (love)/ simulate25.small-scale小范围/ marginal边缘处的26.dialect方言 accent腔调27.look like/ resemble28.chronic长期的,慢性的—long-term长期的29.on-line /net/ cyber30. solely/ merely/ only31.deplete开采完，耗尽/ exhaust32.category-categorize/ class-classify2222。

Part 1AA band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就Attend=participate in 参加Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体Aim.n=objective=goal 目的Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约Appreciation=interest 欣赏As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而As well as=and和As well=too也Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保BBe similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似Be used to=be devoted to专门用于Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地CCalculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complain=illness 病症Concern n. =focus关心的问题Concern v. =about 与……有关Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解Condition=regulate 调节Confront=encounter=in the face of面临Concern = care关心Consist of=comprise由什么组成Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染Contend=assert=cliam断言Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致Cooperate with=work with 与……协作Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为Crop up=crop out=come up 出现DDegenerated=underdeveloped退化Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散Deadly=fateful 致命的Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处Distinct=distinguish=different=unique不同的Distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind of不同的Distinguish=tell辨别Due to=because of由于Drawback=defect=ill缺点EEat=feed 喂食，进食Endanger=threaten 威胁Engage in=participate in=join in 参与Establish=set up建立Establish=find out=figure out=work out查明Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育Emphasize=stress 强调（v）Embark upon=start=launch开始Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识Entire=whole 全部Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）FFail to do=failure to do=can not do没有能够做Far from=not at all根本不Fault=flaw=defect错误Form=shape=mould形成Foundation=basis基础Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）Free=release=set free释放Frequently=often 经常GGreat milestone=impact=effect=influence对……具有很重要的影响力Grant=give授予Gas=petrol石油HHold=harbor=embrace拥有Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍IIdentical=the same一模一样Imitate=impersonate模仿Incline to do=tend to do倾向于做某事Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明Identify=recognize鉴别In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应Interpret=illustrate解释Introduce to=import to引入KKey (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ an important part/role in重要的，关键的Key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法LLikelihood=possibility可能性Link-up=connection 联系MMaster=grasp 掌握Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解Modify=change=alter修改、改变Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明NNature=character=characteristics本质、特点Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的Numerous= a number of 许多OOwing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于……PPattern=format形式，模式Pattern=design图案Pore over=study 研究Poisonous=toxic 有毒的Portray=describe描写塑造(v.)Portrait=description描写塑造(n.)Preserve=store 储存Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed=spawn激发、产生Provide=offer 提供Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害QQuestionnaire=survey 问卷调查RReadily=easily=accessible 容易地Reflect=consider考虑Relate to=understand=appreciate理解Rely on=depend on 依靠……Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）Replace=take the place of 取代Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins剩余物、废墟Resemble=like=as像SShow=reflect表现Significance=importance 重要性State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形Striking=noticeable值得注意地Struggle for=strive for 努力地争取Substantial=considerable 想当可观的Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的TTake to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯Tale=story=fairytale 故事Talent=gift 天赋Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于Toxic=poisonous 有毒的UUnbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定Universal=popular普遍VVirtue=advantage=strength 优点好处WWork out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出Part 21解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative, essential9认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19 保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23发生：Happen, occur, take place24原因：Reason, factor, cause25发展：Development, advance, progress26有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27影响：Influence, impact, effect28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another anglePart 31.Concern with = relate to 与有关2.grow= increase= riseconcentrate on = focus on3.Under the title=name achievement =success4.tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth5.be associated with = be connected with = be linked to 与……有关联6.approach = method = way = key intensely= extremely = very7.establish= found = set up establishment = organization8.offer sb sth =supply sb with sth =provide sb with sth= grant9.argument= disagreementwork = materpiece 著作10.contract = agreement合同，合约no= without = have no 没有11.chaos = mess 混乱monument= landmark里程碑12.help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sb帮助某人作某事13.draw from = take fromleading = outstandingpetitor= rival recognize as = look/assume asPart 41.dislike=distaste2.test = examine3.effect= impact=influencefrom…to = range from…to…4.ignore = neglectas per=according to5.unfold= carry on be reluctant to do=reject=refuse6.before = prior to7.predict = estimate =anticipateobey= abide by = comply with8.account for= explain= elucidate=illustrate in essence = in fact=indeed9.discrepancy=difference=shade forgo=give up10.context =environment=sircumstance=situation11.radical different=extremely different put another way=in other words12.sort out= find out= figure out plausible = reasonable12.fear=worrypollute = contaminate13.predict= anticipate=forecastoverstate = exaggerate14.in great number of = in _____ number ofactually=indeed15.disappear= extinct灭绝seem to do =assume to do16.solve = cope with=deal with解决accelerate = speed up17.impact = effect =influenceresponse to = react to18.opinion poll= survey reason = factor 原因、因素19.entitle= name overwhelming=dominant20.field =domain 学科领域oppose=against21.for example=such as=for instance=sayaltruistic=non-selfish22.lead to=result in 导致extremely=seriously 严重地23.perception = view 观点、看法association=society协会24.encounter with = face=confront面对postpone to=delay25.pressing=urgent紧急、急迫measure=solution=method解决方法26.key=crucial =significant=importmant关键、重要27.but=yet enormous importance=great/significantunch=startderive from = get from29.revert to= get back todistinction=identity30.immense =greatin the domain of=in the field of31.couple with = along withamass dollar=accumulate dollar32.essential feature = principleseize=grasp33.innovative=fresh drab=dull/single34.entirely=totallybe restricted to=be limited to35.needs=demand36.dub=call=name reflex=reaction/response37.result from=originate frombe critical for = be important to38.demanding=difficultretune=adjust39.seek for =search foroutlook=view40.figure out = find outtrack=follow41.in response to=respond to = react to42.prominence=importance revolution=invention43.in relation to= in association withsociety = association44.treatise=workfeature=characteristicsmercial exploitation =commercializedo with=due to=because of46.objective = impersonal=impartialfoster=develop47.account=explanation=illustrationsubstantial=consider=enough48.be acknowledged=be realizedpilot program=trial program49.configuration=structurephenomenal=surprising50.make stride=make progressregardless of=despite of51.perpetuate=keep=maintainaccess to sth=get sth52.vital importance=extremely important53.rest=depositartificial=manmade54.make a comeback=return=re-enterbig=popular55.ignite=trigger a field of=a domain of56.encompass=unifyimply=indicate57.breakthrough=milestonearound the corner=is coming58.materialize=realizetide=trend59.agency=organizationreckon=deem60.approach=methodspot=find out61.boost=promoteprospect=future62.feature=portray elusive=pessimistic63.match up to sth=equal with impressive=great64.impact=effect=influencefragile=vulnerable65.indigenous people=native peopletend to=look after66.undermine=destroy=damageinevitable=unavoidable67.renaissance=revive for instance=for example68.operate=run69.failure=incidentrare=unusually70.tension=pressurecompression=pressure71.prime=get ready to doinclusion=impurity72.occur=happenanalyze=closely examine73.detect=examine74.trigger=produceinduce=encourage75.regardless=in spite of considerable=substantial76.important =crucial77.opinon=perspective, standpoint78.fame=prestige79.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)80.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel81.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)82.Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her83.small=minuscule(very small), minute84.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)85.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly86.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)87.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)88.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it89.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)90.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)91.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will neverchange or be changed)92.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)93.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)94.respect=esteem95.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)96.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)97.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)98.nowadays=currently99.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)100.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)101.difficult=formidable102.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)103.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)104.approximately将近-nearly, almost105.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)106.scholarship=fellowship107.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)108.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)109.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly) 110.despite=not withstanding(FORMAL)111.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)112.sharp=acute(severe and intense)113.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen114.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)115.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)116.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)117.of=necessary to118.without=free from119.about=concerning=related to120.在…方面:in …ways=in …aspects/respects/perspectives121.用…方法：in…ways=in…fashion=in …manner122.rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off123.poor = needy = impoverished124.good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous125.bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable126.healthy = robust = sound = wholesome127.surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous128.energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated129.难的：difficult=troublesome=burdensome=thorny130.不可或缺的：necessary=indispensable=inevitable=irreplaceable=unavoidable131.重要的：important=crucial, critical, essential, vital132.=be importance=be of cruciality=be of criticality= be of essentiality=be of vitality133.巨大的：large=enormous, tremendous, considerable, appreciable134.正确的（correct）=仔细的(careful)=arduous=assiduous135.有道理的：reasonable=rational and plausible136.吸引人的：attractive=inviting and appealing137.足够的：adequate and sufficient138.日常：daily = day-to-day = everyday139.improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize140.solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with141.destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate142.develop = cultivate = foster = nurture143.encourage = motivate = stimulate = spurplete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve145.destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize146.influence= impact147.danger = perils =hazards148.human beings= mankind = humane race149.old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens150.teachers = instructors = educators = lecturerscation = schooling = family parenting = upbringing152.young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents153. responsibility = obligation = duty = liability154.因素：cause, reason=factor, determinant155.联系：relationship(relate A to B) =connection(connect A to B ) =association(associate A to B) 156.优点：advantage=benefit=superiority=merit = favorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives157.disadvantage=detriment=inferiority=defect=deficiency=unfavorable aspects/respects/perspectives =undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives158.enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment159.children = offspring = descendant = kidPart 51.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3.从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4.在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of6.对…有益处：be good for.=do good to=be beneficial to=be advantageous to=be conducive to7.对…有害处：be harmful/bad for =be detrimental to =be disadvantageous to =be pernicious to8.集中精力于：focus on= concentrate on= concentrate/ fix/ focus one’s attention ondevote oneself todedicate oneself tocommit oneself toengage oneself inemploy oneself in9.认为：think = argue, assert, contend, claim, maintain, notehold the viewpoint thathold the standpoint that12hold the perspective thatharbour an idea/opinion thatembrace a view that10.反对：be against=reject, object, oppose =be opposed to =become hostile to11.支持：support=take sides with =advocate =lend support to =sing high praise of12.导致：lead to=trigger =result in, bring about, contribute to=give rise to, give birth to, be responsible for13.(归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to)14.发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve)=A 及物动词组promote, advance, enhance, reinforce名词promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement =B 不及物动词rocket, boom, flourish, prosper15.有：负面含义：suffer, run high risk of正面含义：boast, embrace16.中性含义：face=be faced with=be possessed of面临，面对：be faced with=be encountered with=be poised on the brink of 17.破坏：destroy, damage=A decompose, destruct=B endanger, threaten=C impair, decimate, deteriorate=D exercise/practice/perform damage/danger…upon18.阻碍：limit=A restrict, restrain, constrict, constrain=B obstacle, barricade=C smother, curb=D hinder, impede19.下结论：make a conclusion= draw a conclusion that= reach a conclusion that= arrive at a conclusion that= hammer a conclusion that= crystallize a conclusion that20.使用：use=employ, apply, adopt,=resort to21.innovate/ invent22.attend to/ take care of23.balanced/ equitable24.virtual (love)/ simulate25.small-scale小范围/ marginal边缘处的26.dialect方言accent腔调27.look like/ resemble28.chronic长期的,慢性的long-term长期的29.on-line /net/ cyber30.solely/ merely/ only31.deplete开采完，耗尽/ exhaust32.category-categorize/ class-classify?14。

常见近义词列表A奥秘—神秘懊悔—后悔B报酬—酬劳悲哀—悲伤崩塌—倒塌必然—必定避免—幸免便宜—廉价哺育—培育C猜测—推测才干—才能采用—采纳诧异—惊诧颤动—抖动沉浸—沉醉惩罚—惩处迟延—拖延耻笑—讥笑炽热—酷热憧憬—向往酬谢—答谢啜泣—抽泣创造—制造绰号—外号慈悲—慈善慈祥—慈爱葱茏—葱郁聪明—聪慧催促—督促璀璨—明亮D打扮—装扮打搅—打扰胆怯—害怕淡忘—忘却调皮—淘气叮嘱—嘱咐陡崖—悬崖妒忌—嫉妒对付—应付对照—对比E恩赐—赏赐F发布—公布发誓—宣誓发展—进展繁殖—生殖反抗—抵抗防御—防备妨碍—阻碍分量—重量分外—格外愤怒—愤慨锋利—锐利服侍—侍侯浮现—出现赋予—给予G告别—告辞恭敬—尊敬估计—估量鼓励—鼓舞固然—当然故意—有意关心—关怀管理—治理贯通—贯穿瑰宝—珍宝H含糊—模糊寒冷—严寒和蔼—和气宏伟—雄伟欢跃—喜悦环绕—围绕荒芜—荒凉回顾—回忆汇集—汇合获取—猎取祸患—祸害J机灵—灵巧积累—积存即将—马上疾驰—飞奔寄托—寄予讥笑—嘲笑坚固—牢固坚毅—坚强艰苦—艰难艰难—困难建造—建筑交织—交错娇嫩—柔嫩节制—克制竭力—尽力解救—拯救谨防—防备谨慎—慎重惊险—危险精密—周密精致—精巧敬仰—仰慕境界—境地居然—竟然绝望—无望K开辟—开发开辟—开拓慷慨—大方可惜—惋惜空暇—空闲恐怖—恐惧控制—操纵款待—招待愧疚—内疚L劳苦—劳累冷艳—艳丽黎明—拂晓立即—马上灵便—灵活领略—领会浏览—扫瞄隆重—盛大沦陷—沦落罗列—排列M满意—中意漫步—闲逛茂密—茂盛朦胧—模糊弥漫—布满密切—紧密勉励—鼓励勉强—牵强藐视—轻视泯灭—消灭明丽—明媚明艳—鲜艳摹仿—模仿蓦地—突然模范—榜样N鸟瞰—俯视凝结—凝聚凝视—注视挪移—移动O偶尔—间或P判断—推断批评—批判疲惫—疲乏疲倦—疲乏僻静—偏僻漂亮—美丽飘荡—漂浮飘拂—漂动品格—品行平生—终生平庸—平凡平整—平坦普通—一般Q欺凌—凌辱奇妙—奇异歧视—卑视气魄—气势气势—气概启示—启发清晰—清楚乾坤—天地潜伏—埋伏谴责—责备惬意—满意亲密—亲热轻蔑—轻视轻盈—轻快清澈—清亮清纯—纯洁清晰—清楚驱赶—驱逐R弱小—微小S伤害—损害商议—商量商议—协商稍微—略微奢靡—奢侈神秘—神奇神奇—奇妙神奇—奇特审阅—批阅实用—有用舒畅—舒服思量—思考伺侯—侍奉肃静—安静素质—素养率先—领先T贪婪—贪欲探索—探究逃避—躲避特殊—特别誊写—抄写体面—风光体味—体会推荐—推举妥帖—稳妥W蜿蜒—曲折顽强—坚韧顽强—顽固宛然—仿佛宛如—犹如宛若—仿佛宛若—宛如巍峨—雄伟惟独—只有危急—危险尾随—跟随委托—托付温和—和气温和—温柔X吸收—汲取希翼—希望稀罕—希奇袭击—突击吓唬—恐吓鲜明—鲜亮羡慕—艳羡向来—一直消失—消逝歇息—休息欣赏—观赏新鲜—新奇兴旺—兴盛兴许—或许凶猛—凶狠雄伟—宏伟修筑—修建羞愧—惭愧秀媚—秀丽徐徐—缓缓寻常—平常寻觅—寻找Y延续—连续严重—严峻遥望—眺望要挟—挟制依然—依旧游览—巡游黝黑—乌黑幼稚—稚嫩预计—估计愿意—情愿允许—同意Z暂时—临时阻挠—阻止赞赏—欣赏赞叹—赞美责怪—责备占领—占据照射—照耀照应—照顾珍贵—宝贵镇静—冷静征服—制服拯救—挽救争执—争吵指望—盼望骤然—突然注视—凝视追寻—寻找捉弄—戏弄茁壮—健壮滋味—味道纵情—尽情阻塞—堵塞别具一格—独具匠心不可计数—不计其数风俗世情—风土人情毫不犹豫—坚决果断绞尽脑汁—费尽心机筋疲力尽—力倦神疲迥乎不同—绝然不同举世闻名—闻名遐迩聚精会神—全神贯注雷霆万钧—排山倒海络绎不绝—川流不息眉开眼笑—眉飞色舞目不转睛—聚精会神排山倒海—移山倒海疲惫不堪—筋疲力竭千磨万击—千锤百炼情不自禁—不由自主盛气凌人—不可一世随心所欲—为所欲为同心协力—同心同德无拘无束—自由自在喜不自胜—乐不可支腥风血雨—凄风苦雨一五一十—如数家珍依依不舍—恋恋不舍应有尽有—无奇不有朝夕与共—朝夕相处震耳欲聋—响彻云霄常见反义词列表前─后冷─热高─低进─退死─活公─私快─慢矛─盾强─弱轻─重明―暗缓─急松─紧好─坏美─丑善─恶是─非闲─忙来─去分─合存─亡动─静浓─淡偏─正饥─饱爱─恨升─降开─关始─终胖─瘦迎─送盈─亏真─假虚─实有─无雅─俗是─否稀─密粗─细东─西巧─拙恩─怨新─旧正─邪通─堵止─行古─今张─弛曲─直亮─暗亲─疏收─放输─赢逆─顺苦─甜忠─奸纵─横得─失南─北薄─厚哭─笑文─武推─拉问─答主─仆买─卖深─浅聚─散干─湿彼─此生─熟单─双首─末你─我敌─友警─匪盛─衰胜─败加─减软─硬阴─阳顺─逆反─正祸─福信─疑错─对藏─露老─少断─续钝─锐浓─淡雌─雄醒─睡止─行咸─淡正─歪大—小多—少上—下左—右前—后冷—热高—低进—退黑—白天—地男—女里—外死—活公—私快—慢矛—盾宽—窄强—弱轻—重缓—急松—紧好—坏美—丑善—恶是—非闲—忙来—去分—合存—亡动—静浓—淡偏—正饥—饱爱—恨升—降开—关始—终胖—瘦迎—送盈—亏真—假虚—实有—无雅—俗是—否稀—密粗—细东—西巧—拙恩—怨新—旧正—邪通—堵止—行古—今张—弛曲—直亮—暗亲—疏收—放输—赢逆—顺苦—甜忠—奸纵—横得—失南—北薄—厚哭—笑文—武推—拉问—答主—仆买—卖深—浅聚散干—湿彼—此生—熟单—双首—末你—我敌—友警—匪盛—衰胜—败加—减软—硬阴—阳顺—逆反—正祸—福信—疑错—对藏—露老少断—续钝—锐浓—淡雌—雄醒—睡止—行咸—淡正—歪深—浅窄—宽远―近高―低冷―热横―竖同—异浑—清无―有涨—降隐—现紧―松细―粗嫩―老凹―凸浮―沉凉―暖朝―暮轻―重矛--盾深---浅买---卖浓---淡善---恶明---暗涨—降隐—现深—浅窄—宽远―近高―低冷―热横―竖同—异浑—清正常─异常非凡─平凡特别─一般扫兴─高兴轻蔑─敬重开心─苦闷寻常─异常违背─遵循怀疑─相信强盛─衰败尊重─侮辱激烈─平静嘈杂─寂静美丽─丑陋信奉─背弃失信─守信率领─追随退化─进化凝结─溶解伟大─渺小聚拢─分散增添─减少活泼─呆板鲜艳─暗淡严寒─酷暑安谧─嘈杂温暖─凉爽柔和─严厉拒绝─同意清醒─糊涂荒芜─耕种清晰─浑浊坚强─软弱微云─浓云纯熟─生疏陌生─熟悉平坦─崎岖光滑─粗糙慎重─随便喜欢─厌恶痛快─难受幽静─喧闹崎岖─平坦刚强─软弱慌忙─镇定熟识─生疏伶俐─笨拙怕羞─大方镇定─慌张团结─分裂羞涩─大方严寒─炎热洒脱─拘谨明朗─阴沉沉重─轻盈迂回─径直清澈─浑浊脆弱─坚强饱满─干瘪衰弱─强健犹豫─坚定丰收─歉收复杂─简单淡妆─浓抹相宜─不宜自在─拘束平常─奇特勤劳─懒惰喜欢─讨厌密集─稀疏胜利─失败挺进─撤退宽敞─狭窄倾斜─竖直闻名─无名认识─陌生有趣─乏味舒畅─苦闷结束─开始紧张─轻松整齐─纷乱安全─危险撒谎─诚实慈祥─凶恶可爱─可恶紧张─轻松仔细─粗心附近─远方赞许─反对淡水─咸水高兴─难过飞快─缓慢精彩─平淡笨重─轻便紧张─松弛有趣─乏味听从─违抗诚实─虚伪承认─否认高兴─伤心起劲─没劲简单─复杂容易─困难熟练─生疏准确─错误温和─严厉暴躁─温和近处─远处气愤─欢喜粗心─细心美丽─丑陋洁白─乌黑高兴─痛苦宽阔─狭窄新款─陈旧兴旺─衰败团结─分裂敏捷─迟钝危险─安全常常─偶尔幼稚─老练含糊─清楚严重─轻微茂密─稀疏光明─黑暗微弱─强大杰出─平庸恶劣─良好灿烂─暗淡特殊─普通异常─平常简陋─豪华诚意─假意理屈─理直拒绝─接受惩罚─奖励迟延─提前示弱─逞强好心─恶意破碎─完整酥软─坚硬炎热─寒冷诚实─撒谎仔细─马虎聪明─愚笨空虚─充实伶俐─笨拙狭窄─宽阔晦暗─明亮勇敢─懦弱宽容─严格表扬─批评一向─偶尔善良─凶恶寂静─热闹聪明─愚笨穷苦─富裕精致─粗糙健康─虚弱忧虑─放心糟糕─精彩潮湿─干燥喜欢─讨厌危险─安全寂寞─喧闹奴隶─主人紧张─松弛统一─分裂繁荣─衰败精致─粗糙权利─义务愚笨—聪明安静—吵闹宽阔―狭窄平静―动荡加重―减轻缓慢―快速节省―浪费分散―聚拢茂盛—枯萎美丽—丑陋静寂—热闹清楚—模糊镇静—慌乱伸开—缩拢威武—沮丧巨大—细小神秘—平常原始—现代寒冷—炎热珍贵—普通丰年—歉年舒服―难受弯曲――笔直均匀―悬殊牢固―脆弱反面―正面伸出―缩回干燥―潮湿平坦―崎岖简单―复杂粗糙―细腻幸福―悲惨谦虚―骄傲快乐―伤心强健―软弱清澈―浑浊明白―糊涂茂密―稀疏成功―失败寒冷―温暖愤怒―高兴灵活―笨拙准许―拒绝热情―冷淡勤劳―懒惰分散—聚集迅速—迟钝认真—马虎失败—胜利犹豫—果断坚定—动摇膨大—缩小迟钝—灵活笨重—轻便临时―长期慎重―马虎柔弱―刚强光滑―粗糙静谧―热闹崭新―陈旧开始―结尾漂亮―丑陋喧闹―宁静容易―困难凋谢―盛开温暖―寒冷朋友―敌人山谷―山峰点燃―熄灭神奇―平常热闹―安静拽住―放开关心―冷漠高傲―谦逊郑重―轻率从容―慌张奢侈―寒酸敏捷―迟缓合上―打开老实―狡猾温柔―粗暴丰富―贫乏高兴―难过淘气―规矩讨厌―喜欢反抗―顺从忠厚―奸诈温暖―寒冷蜿蜒―笔直坚固―脆弱清楚―模糊陡峭―平坦伟大―渺小美丽―丑陋相同―不同古老―现代宏大―微小魁梧―矮小丰满―干瘪故人―新朋无名―有名满意―失望灿烂―暗淡凋零―盛开容易―困难希望―失望安全―危险可怜―可恨庄重―轻浮热情―冷淡坚强―懦弱宽裕―拮据神气―颓丧喜悦―忧伤快乐―悲伤繁华―萧条热闹―宁静褴褛―华丽踊跃―消极清晰―模糊仔细―粗心具体―大略温柔―粗暴危险―安全匆匆―慢慢认识―陌生疏远―亲近聪明―愚蠢长处―短处现代―古代依赖―自立美好―丑陋舒适―艰苦输入―输出陌生―熟悉打开―关闭凶猛―温和笨重―轻巧迟钝―灵敏相似―相反特殊―一般美妙―蹩脚优良―低劣勤劳―懒惰俊俏—丑陋轻快—沉重鲜艳—暗淡增添—削减活泼—呆板聚拢—分散停止—开始玲珑—粗笨灵活—呆板陡峭—平坦特殊—一般送行—迎接舒适—难受悲惨—幸福愈合—开裂有名—无名离开—回归害怕—勇敢忧伤—高兴飞快—缓慢成功—失败镇定--慌张严寒--温暖恶劣-优良湿润--干燥为难--容易激烈-平静狼狈--潇洒英勇--怯懦惬意—满意惊讶—吃惊危险—安全担心—放心朦胧—清楚高兴—难受便宜—昂贵喜欢—讨厌魁梧—矮小失望—绝望感激—感谢失望—期望紧张—松懈显赫—卑微朴素—奢华特殊—一般激动—平静蔑视—重视传统—现代亲近—疏远紧张—轻松坚强—软弱清楚—模糊富裕--贫穷接受--拒绝黎明--傍晚普通--特殊谦虚-骄傲坚硬--柔软公开--秘密宽阔―狭窄平静―动荡加重―减轻缓慢―快速节省―浪费分散―聚拢茂盛—枯萎美丽—丑陋静寂—热闹清楚—模糊镇静—慌乱伸开—缩拢威武—沮丧巨大—细小神秘—平常原始—现代寒冷—炎热珍贵—普通丰年—歉年舒服―难受弯曲―笔直均匀―悬殊牢固―脆弱新鲜―陈腐反面――正面伸出――缩回干燥――潮湿名副其实──名不副实雪中送炭──雪上加霜歪歪斜斜──端端正正人声鼎沸――鸦雀无声风平浪静──狂风恶浪迷迷糊糊──清清楚楚全神贯注──心不在焉断断续续──连续不断赏心悦目──触目惊心一丝不苟──粗心大意力倦神疲──精力充沛万马奔腾──无声无息暖暖和和──冷冷清清吞吞吐吐──干干脆脆毫不犹豫──犹豫不决别具一格──普普通通熙熙攘攘──冷冷清清心惊肉跳──镇定自如理直气壮──理屈词穷一朝一夕──日久天长悔过自新──执迷不悟群策群力──孤掌难鸣废寝忘食──饱食终日沸沸扬扬──鸦雀无声翻来覆去──简单明了吵吵嚷嚷──冷冷清清唇枪舌剑──心平气和粗制滥造──精雕细刻安居乐业──颠沛流离风平浪静—风号浪吼一模一样—截然不同柳暗花明—山穷水尽勤勤恳恳――懒懒散散享誉世界――默默无闻相背而行――相向而行恍然大悟――百思不解筋疲力尽――精神抖擞端端正正--歪歪斜斜筋疲力尽——干劲十足含有反义词的成语翻来覆去顾此失彼厚此薄彼虎头蛇尾街头巷尾继往开来扬长避短说长道短三长两短截长补短取长补短今是昨非口是心非似是而非空前绝后除旧布新你死我活拈轻怕重弄假成真七上八下完整无缺借古讽今避重就轻头重脚轻积少成多尺短寸长瞻前顾后同甘共苦声东击西喜新厌旧凶多吉少眼高手低假公济私惩前毖后自始至终返老还童争先恐后转败为胜开天辟地惊天动地顶天立地花天酒地前仰后合天罗地网经天纬地欢天喜地改天换地翻天覆地（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

AA band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群A range of=a n array of= a list of= a collecti on of=a series of= a set of 一系歹［Accelerate=speed up 力口速Accomplishme nt=achieveme nt 成就，完成Accomplish=achieve (V)完成，达成，成就Atte nd=participate in 参力口Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得至0、获得Adapt to=i ntegrate into 使适应、融为一体Aim.n=o bjective=goal 目的Aim at=focus on=concen trate on=emphasizeon集中、强调An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do 尝试作，想要作Approximately=roughly=about=some=aro und大约Appreciati on=in terest 欣赏As a result=c on seque ntly=as a consequence=henee 因此、从而As well as=and 和As well=too 也Associate with=c onnect with=li nk with=relateto=in volve in 与.... 相关联Attach to=c onnect to=li nk to=serve 与 ... 相连接、附着在... 上At will=at ran dom = by cha nce=byaccident=accidentally 随意地Automatically en sure=guara ntee 确保BBe similar to=closely resembled =have somethi ng in com mon 相似Be used to=be devoted to 专门用于Be equivale nt to=be equal to 等同于Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊Briskly 二rapidly二swiftly 快速地Calculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with 跟上步伐Chief=major=domi nan t=pri nciple 主要的Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complai n=ill ness 病症Concern n. =focus 关心的问题Concern v. =about 与..... 有关Con cept=con cepti on=no ti on=idea=un dersta nding 概念、理解Con diti on=regulate 调节Confron t=e ncounter=in the face of 面临Concern = care 关心Consist of=comprise 由什么组成Con cur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Con tam in ate=pollute=pois on 污染Conten d=assert=cliam 断言Con tribute to=result in=lead to=li nk to=responsible for 导致Cooperate with=work with 与 ...... 协作Con vert to=tur n into 转为、转变为Crop up=crop out=come up 出现Dege nerated=un derdeveloped 退化Distract from= can not concen trate 使精力分散Deadly=fateful 致命的Dimi nish=decrease=shri nk 减少Distort reality=far from reality=disho nest 不真实的Dist in cti on=differe nce=nuance 不同之处Dist in ct=disti nguish=differe nt=unique 不同的Disti net variety of =differe nt ki nd of=separate kind of不同的Distinguish=tell 辨别Due to=because of 由于Drawback=defect=ill 缺点Eat=feed喂食，进食Endan ger=threate n 威胁En gage in=participate in =joi n in 参与Establish=set up 建立Establish=fi nd out=figure out=work out 查明Evolvement=development=progress 发展、发育Emphasize=stress 强调（v）Embark upon=start=la unch 开始En lighte n=illumi nate=i nstruct=educate 启蒙、给予知识En tire=whole 全部Excepti on al=extremely 特另U （特另収子）Fail to do=failure to do=ca n not do 没有能够做Far from=not at all 根本不Fault=flaw=defect 辛昔误Form=shape=mould 形成Foundation=basis 基础Finan ce=spo nsor二fu nd 提供赞助（金钱）Free=release=set free 释放Freque ntly=ofte n 经常Great milest on e=impact=effect=i nflue nee 对……具有很重要的影响力Grant=give 授予Gas=petrol 石油表明HHold=harbor=embrace 拥有Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞Hurdle=barrier( n.) 阻碍Identical=the same 一模一样Imitate=impers on ate 模仿Incline to do=te nd to do 倾向于做某事In dicate=show=suggest=sig ni fy=ide ntify Iden tify=recog nize 鉴另〔In reacti on to=resp ond to 对 ... 起反应 In terpret 二illustrate 解军释In troduce to 二import to 引入KKey(a.)二importa nt二sig nifica nt二crucial二esse ntial=play a vital/ an important part/role in 重要的，关键的Key(n.)二approach二mea ns二method二tech nique方法LLikelihood=possibility 可能性Lin k-up=c onn ecti on 联系Master二grasp 掌握Match sth to=assign sth to 把.... 和 ... 搭配起来Misc on ceptio n=mis un dersta ndi ng二mistake nview错误的理解Modify二cha nge二alter 修改、改变Mani festati on二 dem on strati on 显示、表明NNature二character二characteristics 本质、特点Non-toxic二 less pois ono us二safe 无毒的、安全的Novel a.=fresh=n ew=up to date 新潮的、创新的Numerous二 a nu mber of 许多Owing to=tha nks to 二con tribute to 多亏 ... ,有赖于……Pattern=format 形式，模式Pattern=design 图案Pore over=study 研究Pois ono us=toxic 有毒的Portray=describe 描写塑造(v.)Portrait=description 描写塑造(n.)Preserve=store 储存Prevaili ng=popular=prevale nt 盛行的Prese nt day二moder n society 现代社会、现在时代Prodigious effort=e no rmous effort 重大的努力Produce=trigger=ge nerate=spaw n=bri ngabout=result=breed=spaw n 激发、产生Provide=offer 提供Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A 不受B 的侵害Questi onn aire=survey 问卷调查RReadily=easily=accessible 容易地Reflect=consider 考虑Relate to=un dersta nd=appreciate 理解Rely on=depe nd on 依靠 ....Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突岀的（好的事物）Replace=take the place of 取代Residue=remai ns=relics=relicts=rui ns 剩余物、废墟Resemble=like=as 像SShow=reflect 表现Sign ifica nce=importa nee 重要性State=Situatio n=circumsta nee 状况,状态,情形Striking=noticeable 值得注意地Struggle for=strive for 努力地争取Substantial=considerable 想当可观的Success二achieveme nt二great outcome二great progress二huge development 成功、成就Surpris ing二un expectedly un com mon 令人吃惊的Take to=be used to=get used to 对..... 习惯Tale二story二fairytale 故事Tale nt=gift 天赋Tuitio n=formal teach ing 正式的学校教育Turn to=c on sult 寻求帮助、求助于Toxic=pois onous 有毒的UUn biased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的Up to=depe nd on/up on=rely on 由...... 决定Uni versal=popular 普遍Virtue=adva ntage=stre ngth 优点好处WWork out=figure out=reck on 计算出、作出11.1 解决：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2.2 损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, un derm in e, jeopardize3.3 给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford重要的: Key, crucial, critical, important, 4.4 培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5.5 优势：Adva ntage, merit, virtue, ben efit, upside, stre ngth6.6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, dow nside, weak ness7.7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, bafflesig nifica nt, vital, substa ntial, in dispe nsable, imperative9.9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, con clude, deem, hold, argue, be convin ced, be firmly convin ced, be fully convin ced10. 10 保护：Protect, con serve, preserve11. 11 确保： Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12. 12 有 害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrime ntal13. 13 要求：Request, dema nd, n eeds, requisiti on14. 14 丫肖除 :Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15. 15 导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce,gen erate16. 16 因此：So, therefore, thus, he nee, con seque ntly, as a con seque nee, accord in gly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17. 17 增长至：Grow to , rise to , in crease to, go up to , climb to , ascend to, j ump to , shoot to decrease to, drop to , go down to , reduce to , slump to , descend to, sink to , slide to18. 1 降低Dip to , fall to , decline to ,19. 19 保持稳定：Level out, do not change, rema in stable , remai n still , remai n steady , be stable , mai ntai n the same level , rema in un cha nged , be still , rema in the same level , stay constant, keep at the same level, level off , stabilize, keep its stability , even out20. 20 急剧的：Dramatically，drastically .sharply , hugely , enormously , steeply, substantially , considerably , significantly , markedly , surprisingly , strikingly , radically , remarkably , vastly, noticeably21. 21 平稳地：Steadily, smoothly , slightly , slowly , marginally , gradually , moderately , mildly22. 22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23. 23 发生：Happen, occur, take place28. 2 明显的Clear, obvious, evide nt,24. 24 原因：Reas on, factor, cause25. 25 发展：Development, advanee, progress26. 26 有益的：Useful, helpful, benefieial, profitable, rewarding , advantageous27. 27 影响：In flue nee, impact, effectself-evide nt, mani fest, appare nt, crystal-clear 29. 29 占:Comprise, take up, account for, con stitute, con sist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30. 30 与…相比：Compared with .compared to , in comparison with , in comparison to , by comparison with , by comparison to31 对比而言：By contrast, in contrast, on the other hand , on the contrary= , conversely31. 32 展示：Show, reveal, illustrate,dem on strate, depict, prese nt, represe nt, describe32. 33 大约：Approximately , almost, about , around , nearly , roughly33. 34 波动：Fluctuate , go ups and downs , display a fluctuati on , dem on strate a fluctuati on34. 35 事实上：Practically , in practice , essentially, in essence， in reality , in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact , it is a fact that35. 36 换言之：Namely , that is to say , in other words , to put it like this , to put it differently , to put it from another way , to put it from ano ther an gle36. Concern with = relate to 与有关37. grow= increase= riseconcentrate on =focus on.Under the title=name achievement =success39. tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth40. be associated with = be connected with =be linked to 与.... 有关联41. approach = method = way = keyinten sely= extremely = very42. establish= found = set up establishment = orga ni zati on43. offer sb sth =supply sb with sth =provide sb with sth= grant44. argument= disagreementwork = materpiece 著作45. con tract = agreeme nt 合同，合约no= without = have no 没有46. chaos = mess 混舌L monument= Iandmark里程碑47. help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sb帮助某人作某事48. draw from = take fromleading =outsta nding49. competitor= rival recognize as =look/assume as21. dislike=distaste test = exam ine2. effect= impact=i nflue ncefrom •…to = range from •…to •…3. ig nore = n eglectas per=accord ing to4. unfold= carry on be reluctant todo=reject=refuse5. before = prior to6. predict = estimate =an ticipateobey= abideby = comply with7. acco unt for= expla in= elucidate=illustrate in esse nee = in fact=in deed.discrepa ncy=differe nce=shade forgo=give up 9. con text=en viro nmen t=sircumsta nce=situatio n10. radical different=extremely different put ano ther way=in other words11. sort out= find out= figure out plausible = reas on able12. fear=worrypollute = con tam in ate13. predict= anticipate=forecastoverstate = exaggerate14. in great number of = in ____ number ofactually=i ndeed.opinion poll= survey reason = factor 原15. disappear= extinet 灭绝seem to do=assume to do16. solve = cope with=deal with 解决accelerate =speed up17. impact = effect =influenceresponse to = react to因、因素19. entitle= name overwhelming=dominant20. field =domain 学科领域oppose=against21. for example=such as=forin sta nce=sayaltruistic=non-selfish22. lead to=result in 导致extremely=seriously严重地23. perception = view 观点、看法关键、association=society 协会24. encounter with = face=confront 面对 postp one to=delay25. press in g=urge nt 紧急、急迫measure=soluti on=method 解决方法26. key=crucial =significant=importmant 重要27. but=yet enormousimporta nce=great/sig nifica nt28. launch=startderive from = get from29. revert to= get back todistinction=identity30. immense =greatin the domain of=in the field of31. couple with = along withamassdollar=accumulate dollar32. essential feature = principleseize=grasp33. innovative=fresh drab=dull/single38. 34. entirely=totallybe restricted to=be limited to35. needs=demand36. dub=call=name reflex=reaction/response37. result from=orig in ate frombe critical for = be importa nt todema ndin g=difficultret un e=adjust39. seek for =search foroutlook=view40. figure out = find outtrack=follow41. in response to=respond to = react to42. prominence=importaneerevoluti on=inven ti on43. in relation to= in association withsociety = associati on44. treatise=workfeature=characteristics45. commercial exploitation =commercializedowith=due to=because of46. objective =impers on al=impartialfoster=develop47. account=explanation=illustrationsubstantia l=c on sider=e no ugh48. be ack no wledged=be realizedpilot program=trial program49. configuration=structurephenomenal=surpri sing50. make stride=make progressregardlessof=despite of51. perpetuate=keep=maintainaccess to sth=get sth52. vital importance=extremely important53. rest=depositartificial=manmade54. make a58. comeback=return=re-en terbig=popular55. ignite=trigger a field of=a domain of56. encompass=unifyimply=indicate57. breakthrough=milestonearound the corn er=is comingmaterialize=realizetide=tre nd59. age ncy=orga ni zati on reck on=deem60. approach=methodspot=find out61. boost=promoteprospect=future62. feature=portray elusive=pessimistic63. match up to sth=equal withimpressive=great64. impact=effect=influencefragile=vulnerable65. indigenous people=native peopletend to=look after66. un derm in e=destroy=damage in evitable=un68. operate=r un78. fame=prestigeavoidable67. renaissance=revive for instance=for example69. failure=incidentrare=unusually70. tension=pressurecompression=pressure71. prime=get ready to doinclusion=impurity72. occur=happenanalyze=closely examine73. detect=examine74. trigger=produceinduce=encourage75. regardless=in spite ofcon siderable=substa ntial76. important =crucial77. opinon=perspective, standpoint79. relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make3.pain or sufferi ngs less intense or severe) 0. force=coerces into(coerce means you make some one do somethi ng s/he does not want to),compel 1. enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is) 2. Lon ely=solitary(if some one is solitary, there is no one n ear him/hersmall=mi nu scule(very small), minute4. praise=extol(str on ger than praise), complime nt(polite and political)5. hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly6. difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, itis difficult and tiri ng, and in volves a lot ofefforts) 7 show=dem on strate(to dem on strate a factmea ns tp make it clear to people.)avoid=shu n(if some one shuns somethi ng, s/he deliberately avoid that someth ing or keep away from it 9. fair=impartial(someone who is impartial isable to give a fair opinion or decisi on on somethi ng.)90. always=invariably(the same as always, but better tha n always)91. forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never cha nges), immutable(somethi ng immutable will n ever cha nge or be cha nged)92. quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful),sere ne(calm and quiet)93. expensive=exorbitant(it means tooexpe nsive that it should be)94. respect=esteem95. worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)96. cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold),icy(extremely cold)97. dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(da ngerous, especially to people's safety and health).nowadays=currently99. stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happe ning or existi ng)100. part=component(the components of somethi ng are the parts that it is made of) 101. d ifficult=formidable108. 102. strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a stra nge way, or his/her opinion is differe nt from most people)103. rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of mon ey)104. approximately 将近-nearly, almost105. dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about somethi ng, you have doubts on it.)106. scholarship=fellowship107. attractive=appealing(pleasing andattractive), absorb in g(someth ing absorb ing can attract you a great deal)diverse=miscella neous(a miscella neous groups con sists of many differe nt kinds of thi ngs)109. rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric isonly used to describe some one achieves success quickly)11O.despite二 not withsta ndin g(FORMAL)111 ・best=optimal(used to describe the best level somethi ng can achieve)112.sharp=acute(severe and inten se)113 .un believable=incon ceivable(if you deem somethi ng incon ceivable, you think it very un like to happe n114. f amous=distinguished(used to describepeople who are successful in their career) 115. a ncie nt=archaic(extremely old and extremely old -fashi on ed)116 .possible=feasible(if somethi ng is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)117.of= necessary to118. w ithout=free from119. a bout=c oncernin g=related to120. 在…方面：in •…ways=in •…aspects/respects/perspectives121. 用…方法:in•…ways=in •…fashion=in manner 122. rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = wel l-off123. poor = needy = impoverished124. good = conducive =ben eficial=adva ntageous125. bad = detrimental = baneful=un desirable126. healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 127. surpris ing = amaz ing = extraord in ary = miraculous128. energetic = dynamic = vigourous=ani mated129. 难的：difficult=troublesome=burde nsome=thorny 130. 不可或缺的：n ecessary=i ndispe nsable=i nevitable=irreplac eable=un avoidable131. 重要的：important=crucial, critical, essential, vital132. =be importa nce=be of cruciality=be of criticality= be of essentiality=be of vitality 133. 巨大的：large=enormous, tremendous, con siderable, appreciable134. 正确的(correct)=仔细的(careful)=arduous=assiduous138. 135. 有道理的：reasonable=rational and plausible136. 吸引人的：attractive=inviting andappeali ng137. 足够的：adequate and sufficient日常：daily = day-to-day = everyday 139. improve = enhance= promote =stre ngthe n = optimize140. solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with141. d estroy = tear dow n = knock dow n = eradicate 142. develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 143. encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 144. complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 145. destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize148. 146. in flue nce= impact147. dan ger = perils =hazardshuma n bein gs= mankind = huma ne race 149. old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citize ns150. teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers151. e ducatio n = schooli ng = family pare nting = upbri nging152. young people = youngsters = youths = adolesce nts153. resp on sibility = obligati on = duty = liability154. 因素：cause, reas on=factor, determ inant 155. 联系：relationship(relate A to B) =conn ecti on(connect A to B )158. =associati on( associate A to B)156. 优点：adva ntage=be nefit=superiority=merit = favorableaspects/respects/perspectives=un desirable aspects/respects/perspectives157. disadvantage=detriment=inferiority=def ect=deficie ncy=un favorableaspects/respects/perspectives=un desirable aspects/respects/perspectivesenjo yme nt = pastimes = recreati on= en terta inment 159. children = offspring = descendant = kid★高频短语:1. 充满了： be filled with = be awash with = beinun date with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代：in con temporarysociety = inprese nt-day society= in this day and age5. a host of = a multitude of = a vast nu mber of =a vast amount of6. 对•…有益处：be good for.=do good to=be ben eficial to=be adva ntageous to=be con ducive to7. 对…有害处：be harmful/bad for=be detrime ntal to=be disadva ntageous to=be perni cious to8. 集中精力于：focus ondevote on eself to dedicate on eself to commit on eself toen gage on eself inemploy on eself in9•认为：think = argue, assert, contend, claim mai ntai n, n otehold the viewpo int thathold the sta ndpo int thathold the perspective thatharbour an idea/op inion thatembrace a view that10・反对：be against=reject, object, oppose =be opposed to=become hostile to11. 支持：support=take sides with=advocate=le nd support to=sing high praise of12. 导致：lead to=trigger=result in, bring about, con tribute to=give rise to, give birth to, be resp on sible for13. (归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to)14. 发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve)=A 及物动词组promote, advanee,enhan ce, rein force名词promoti on, adva nceme nt, enhan ceme nt, rein forceme nt=B 不及物动词rocket, boom,18.阻碍:limit=restrict, restrai n, con strict,flourish, prosper15. 有：负面含义：suffer, run high risk ofhas 正面含义：boast, embrace16. 中性含义：face=be faced with=be possessed of 面临，面对：be faced with=be encoun tered with=be poised on the brink of17. 破坏：destroy, damage=A decompose, destruct =B endan ger, threate n=C impair, decimate, deteriorate=D exercise/practice/perform damage/da nger uponcon stra in=B obstacle, barricade=C smother, curb=D hin der, impede28. 19. 下结论： make a conclusion=A draw a con clusi on thatreach a con clusi on thatarrive at a con clusi on that=B hammer a con clusi on thatcrystallize a con clusi on that20. 使用：use=employ, apply, adopt,=resort to21. innovate/ invent22. attend to/ take care of23. balaneed/ equitable24. virtual (love)/ simulate25. small-scale 小范围 / marginal 边缘处的26. dialect 方言 accent 腔调27. look like/ resemblechronic 长期的,慢性的一long-term 长期的29. on-line /net/ cyber30. solely/ merely/ only31. deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust32. category-categorize/ class-classify?。

AA band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就Attend=participate in 参加Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体Aim.n=objective=goal 目的Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作Approximately=roughly=about=some=aroun d 大约Appreciation=interest 欣赏As a result=consequently=as aconsequence=hence因此、从而As well as=and和As well=too也Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上At will=at random＝by chance=byaccident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保BBe similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似Be used to=be devoted to专门用于Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地CCalculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complain=illness 病症Concern n. =focus关心的问题Concern v. =about 与……有关Concept=conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解Condition=regulate 调节Confront=encounter=in the face of面临Concern = care关心Consist of=comprise由什么组成Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染Contend=assert=cliam断言Contribute to=result in=lead to=linkto=responsible for导致Cooperate with=work with 与……协作Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为Crop up=crop out=come up 出现DDegenerated=underdeveloped退化Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散Deadly=fateful 致命的Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处Distinct=distinguish=different=unique不同的Distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind of不同的Distinguish=tell辨别Due to=because of由于Drawback=defect=ill缺点EEat=feed 喂食，进食Endanger=threaten 威胁Engage in=participate in=join in 参与Establish=set up建立Establish=find out=figure out=work out查明Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育Emphasize=stress 强调（v）Embark upon=start=launch开始Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识Entire=whole 全部Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）FFail to do=failure to do=can not do没有能够做Far from=not at all根本不Fault=flaw=defect错误Form=shape=mould形成Foundation=basis基础Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）Free=release=set free释放Frequently=often 经常GGreat milestone=impact=effect=influence 对……具有很重要的影响力Grant=give授予Gas=petrol石油HHold=harbor=embrace拥有Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍IIdentical=the same一模一样Imitate=impersonate模仿Incline to do=tend to do倾向于做某事Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明Identify=recognize鉴别In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应Interpret=illustrate解释Introduce to=import to引入KKey(a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential= play a vital/ an important part/role in重要的，关键的Key(n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法LLikelihood=possibility可能性Link-up=connection 联系MMaster=grasp 掌握Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解Modify=change=alter修改、改变Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明NNature=character=characteristics本质、特点Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的Numerous= a number of 许多OOwing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于……PPattern=format形式，模式Pattern=design图案Pore over=study 研究Poisonous=toxic 有毒的Portray=describe描写塑造(v.)Portrait=description描写塑造(n.)Preserve=store 储存Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed=spawn激发、产生Provide=offer 提供Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害QQuestionnaire=survey 问卷调查RReadily=easily=accessible 容易地Reflect=consider考虑Relate to=understand=appreciate理解Rely on=depend on 依靠……Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）Replace=take the place of 取代Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins剩余物、废墟Resemble=like=as像SShow=reflect表现Significance=importance 重要性State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形Striking=noticeable值得注意地Struggle for=strive for 努力地争取Substantial=considerable 想当可观的Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的TTake to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯Tale=story=fairytale 故事Talent=gift 天赋Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于Toxic=poisonous 有毒的UUnbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定Universal=popular普遍VVirtue=advantage=strength 优点好处WWork out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出11.1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2.2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3.3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4.4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5.5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6.6缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7.7使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8.8重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative9.9认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10.10保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11.11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12.12有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13.13要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14.14消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15.15导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16.16因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this 17.17增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18.18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19.19 保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20.20急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21.21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22.22宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23.23发生：Happen, occur, take place24.24原因：Reason, factor, cause25.25发展：Development, advance, progress26.26有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27.27影响：Influence, impact, effect28.28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear 29.29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30.30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely31.32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate,demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe32.33大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly33.34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation34.35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that35.36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle36.Concern with = relate to 与有关37.grow= increase= riseconcentrate on =focus on38.Under the title=name achievement =success39.tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth40.be associated with = be connected with = be linked to 与……有关联41.approach = method = way = key intensely= extremely = very42.establish= found = set up establishment = organization43.offer sb sth =supply sb with sth =provide sb with sth= grant44.argument= disagreementwork = materpiece 著作45.contract = agreement合同，合约no= without = have no 没有46.chaos = mess 混乱monument= landmark 里程碑47.help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sb帮助某人作某事48.draw from = take fromleading = outstandingpetitor= rival recognize as =look/assume as21.dislike=distaste test = examine2.e ffect= impact=influencefrom…to = range from…to…3.i gnore = neglectas per=according to4.u nfold= carry on be reluctant todo=reject=refuse5.b efore = prior to6.p redict = estimate =anticipateobey= abide by = comply with7.a ccount for= explain= elucidate=illustrate in essence = in fact=indeed8.d iscrepancy=difference=shade forgo=give up9.c ontext=environment=sircumstance=situation10.radical different=extremely different put another way=in other words11.sort out= find out= figure out plausible = reasonable12.fear=worrypollute = contaminate13.predict= anticipate=forecastoverstate = exaggerate14.in great number of = in _____ number ofactually=indeed15.disappear= extinct灭绝seem to do=assume to do16.solve = cope with=deal with解决accelerate = speed up17.impact = effect =influenceresponse to = react to18.opinion poll= survey reason = factor 原因、因素19.entitle= name overwhelming=dominant20.field =domain 学科领域oppose=against21.for example=such as=forinstance=sayaltruistic=non-selfish22.lead to=result in 导致extremely=seriously 严重地23.perception = view 观点、看法association=society协会24.encounter with = face=confront面对postpone to=delay25.pressing=urgent紧急、急迫measure=solution=method解决方法26.key=crucial =significant=importmant关键、重要27.but=yet enormousimportance=great/significantunch=startderive from = get from29.revert to= get back todistinction=identity30.immense =greatin the domain of=in the field of31.couple with = along withamassdollar=accumulate dollar32.essential feature = principleseize=grasp33.innovative=fresh drab=dull/single34.entirely=totallybe restricted to=be limited to35.needs=demand36.dub=call=name reflex=reaction/response37.result from=originate frombe critical for = be important to38.demanding=difficultretune=adjust39.seek for =search foroutlook=view40.figure out = find outtrack=follow41.in response to=respond to = react to42.prominence=importancerevolution=invention43.in relation to= in association withsociety = association44.treatise=workfeature=characteristicsmercial exploitation =commercializedowith=due to=because of46.objective =impersonal=impartialfoster=develop47.account=explanation=illustrationsubstantia l=consider=enough48.be acknowledged=be realizedpilot program=trial program49.configuration=structurephenomenal=surpri sing50.make stride=make progressregardlessof=despite of51.perpetuate=keep=maintainaccess tosth=get sth52.vital importance=extremely important53.rest=depositartificial=manmade54.make acomeback=return=re-enterbig=popular55.ignite=trigger a field of=a domain of56.encompass=unifyimply=indicate57.breakthrough=milestonearound thecorner=is coming58.materialize=realizetide=trend59.agency=organizationreckon=deem60.approach=methodspot=find out61.boost=promoteprospect=future62.feature=portray elusive=pessimistic63.match up to sth=equal withimpressive=great64.impact=effect=influencefragile=vulnerable65.indigenous people=native peopletendto=look after66.undermine=destroy=damageinevitable=unavoidable67.renaissance=revive for instance=for example68.operate=run69.failure=incidentrare=unusually70.tension=pressurecompression=pressure71.prime=get ready to doinclusion=impurity72.occur=happenanalyze=closely examine73.detect=examine74.trigger=produceinduce=encourage75.regardless=in spite ofconsiderable=substantial76.important =crucial77.opinon=perspective, standpoint78.fame=prestige79.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you makepain or sufferings less intense or severe)80.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel81.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)82.Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her83.small=minuscule(very small), minute84.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)85.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly86.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot ofefforts)87.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)88.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something,s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it89.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)90.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)91.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)92.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful),serene(calm and quiet)93.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)94.respect=esteem95.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)96.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold),icy(extremely cold)97.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)98.nowadays=currently99.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)100.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of) 101.d ifficult=formidable102.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)103.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)104.approximately将近-nearly, almost105.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.) 106.scholarship=fellowship107.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)108.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)109.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric isonly used to describe someone achieves success quickly)110.d espite=not withstanding(FORMAL)111.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)112.s harp=acute(severe and intense)113.u nbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen114.f amous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career) 115.a ncient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)116.p ossible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)117.o f=necessary to118.w ithout=free from119.a bout=concerning=related to120.在…方面:in …ways=in …aspects/respects/perspectives121.用…方法：in…ways=in…fashion=in …manner122.rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off123.poor = needy = impoverished124.good = conducive =beneficial=advantageous125.bad = detrimental = baneful=undesirable126.healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 127.surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous128.energetic = dynamic = vigourous=animated129.难的：difficult=troublesome=burdensome=thorny 130.不可或缺的：necessary=indispensable=inevitable=irreplac eable=unavoidable131.重要的：important=crucial, critical, essential, vital132.=be importance=be of cruciality=be of criticality= be of essentiality=be of vitality 133.巨大的：large=enormous, tremendous, considerable, appreciable134.正确的（correct）=仔细的(careful)=arduous=assiduous135.有道理的：reasonable=rational andplausible136.吸引人的：attractive=inviting and appealing137.足够的：adequate and sufficient138.日常：daily = day-to-day = everyday 139.improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize140.solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with141.d estroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate142.develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 143.encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur plete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 145.destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize146.influence= impact147.danger = perils =hazards148.human beings= mankind = humane race 149.old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens150.teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers151.e ducation = schooling = family parenting = upbringing152.young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents153.responsibility = obligation = duty = liability154.因素：cause, reason=factor, determinant 155.联系：relationship(relate A to B)=connection(connect A to B )=association(associate A to B)156.优点：advantage=benefit=superiority=merit = favorableaspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives157.disadvantage=detriment=inferiority=def ect=deficiency=unfavorableaspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives158.enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment159.children = offspring = descendant = kid★高频短语：1.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = beinundate with = be saturated with2.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3.从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4.在当代: in contemporarysociety = inpresent-day society= in this day and age5.a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of6.对…有益处：be good for.=do good to=be beneficial to=be advantageous to=be conducive to7.对…有害处：be harmful/bad for=be detrimental to=be disadvantageous to=be pernicious to8.集中精力于：focus ondevote oneself todedicate oneself tocommit oneself toengage oneself inemploy oneself in9.认为：think = argue, assert, contend, claim maintain, notehold the viewpoint thathold the standpoint thathold the perspective thatharbour an idea/opinion thatembrace a view that10.反对：be against=reject, object, oppose =be opposed to=become hostile to11.支持：support=take sides with=advocate=lend support to=sing high praise of12.导致：lead to=trigger=result in, bring about, contribute to=give rise to, give birth to, be responsible for13.(归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to)14.发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve)=A 及物动词组promote, advance, enhance, reinforce名词promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement=B 不及物动词rocket, boom,flourish, prosper15.有：负面含义：suffer, run high risk ofhas正面含义：boast, embrace16.中性含义：face=be faced with=be possessed of面临，面对：be faced with=be encountered with=be poised on the brink of17.破坏：destroy, damage=A decompose, destruct=B endanger, threaten=C impair, decimate, deteriorate=D exercise/practice/perform damage/danger…upon18.阻碍：limit=A restrict, restrain, constrict, constrain=B obstacle, barricade=C smother, curb=D hinder, impede19.下结论：make a conclusion=A draw a conclusion thatreach a conclusion thatarrive at a conclusion that=B hammer a conclusion thatcrystallize a conclusion that20.使用：use=employ, apply, adopt,=resort to21.innovate/ invent22.attend to/ take care of23.balanced/ equitable24.virtual (love)/ simulate25.small-scale小范围/ marginal边缘处的26.dialect方言accent腔调27.look like/ resemble28.chronic长期的,慢性的—long-term长期的29.on-line /net/ cyber30.solely/ merely/ only31.deplete开采完，耗尽/ exhaust32.category-categorize/ class-classify?。

A banｄｏf=ａｈerdｏf＝ａfloｃk of 一群A rａnｇe of=an arrayｏf= ａlist of＝a ｃolｌｅction of=a seｒｉes of= a sｅtｏf一系列Accｅｌerate=ｓｐeed up加速Ａcpｌishmｅnt=acｈｉevement成就,完成Acｐｌisｈ＝ａchieve (V)完成,达成,成就Aｔｔeｎd=participａｔe in 参加Achieve=obtain＝gａin=accｅsｓto sth 得到、获得Adapt tｏ=inｔegrate into使适应、融为一体Aｉm。

n=oｂjｅcｔｉｖｅ=goal 目得Aｉm at=foｃｕs oｎ=coｎcentratｅon=ｅmphａsｉｚe on集中、强调Ａｎａrrａｙof＝a list of =a seｔof=a serｉｅs of 一系列Attempt to ｄo＝trｙｔo do=intｅｎｄtoｄo尝试作,想要作Apｐroximately=ｒｏugｈlｙ=abｏuｔ=some=arouｎd 大约Apｐｒeciatｉon=interesｔ欣赏As a resｕlt=ｃoｎsｅｑｕeｎtly=as a consequｅncｅ=henｃe因此、从而As welｌａs=and与As weｌl＝toｏ也Associatｅwｉth＝conｎeｃt wｉth=ｌｉnk with=relate tｏ＝inｖoｌｖe in与……相关联Aｔtaｃh to=coｎneｃｔｔo=linｋto＝ｓerve与……相连接、附着在……上Ａt ｗilｌ=ａt randｏｍ＝ｂy ｃhａnce=bｙａｃcｉdent=aｃcidentaｌlｙ随意地Automatiｃａllyｅｎsｕrｅ＝guarantｅe确保BＢe ｓiｍilar to=ｃloseｌy reｓeｍｂleｄ＝havｅｓomething ｉn coｍmon 相似Bｅuｓed to＝ｂe deｖｏted tｏ专门用于Be eｑｕivalenｔto=be eqｕal to 等同于Be taken abacｋ=be surｐrｉseｄ吃惊Briｓkｌｙ=rapidｌy=swｉftly快速地CＣalculatｅ=mｅasurｅ衡量Ｃaｔch up with=ｋｅep pacｅwｉtｈ跟上步伐Ｃhief=major=ｄominanｔ=pｒincｉplｅ主要得Chronic＝long terｍ慢性病得Ｃｏmplaｉn=illness 病症Cｏnｃｅｒn ｎ。

100个近义词1、爱慕—喜爱、安然—安稳、解释—讲解。

2、遨游—游览、奥秘—神秘、决心—决定。

3、懊悔—后悔、偶然—偶尔、聚拢—聚集。

4、爱护—爱惜、遨游—漫游、机灵—机敏。

5、安心—静心、奥秘—奥妙、俊俏—漂亮。

6、偶尔—间或、安慰—宽慰、纠正—改正。

7、安慰—抚慰、报酬—酬劳、巨大—庞大。

8、悲哀—悲伤、崩塌—倒塌、渴望—渴求。

9、必然—必定、避免—幸免、宽广—广阔。

10、必须—一定、抱怨—埋怨、慷慨—大方。

11、比美—媲美、宝贵—珍贵、可惜—惋惜。

12、悲哀—悲痛、避开—躲开、恐怖—恐惧。

13、悲惨—悲凉、悲惨—凄惨、愧疚—内疚。

14、报答—答谢、碧绿—翠绿、劳苦—劳累。

15、包括—包含、本领—本事、立即—马上。

16、帮助—援助、半晌—半天、灵便—灵活。

17、猜测—推测、才干—才能、浏览—扫瞄。

18、采用—采纳、慈悲—慈善、良好—优良。

19、慈祥—慈爱、葱茏—葱郁、连绵—绵延。

20、聪明—聪慧、催促—督促、凉爽—凉快。

21、催促—督促、诧异—惊异、冷淡—冷漠。

22、颤动—抖动、沉浸—沉醉、灵活—灵敏。

23、惩罚—惩处、迟延—拖延、另外—其它。

24、耻笑—讥笑、耻笑—嘲笑、满意—中意。

25、憧憬—向往、酬谢—答谢、漫步—闲逛。

26、啜泣—抽泣、创造—制造、茂密—茂盛。

27、绰号—外号、沉静—寂静、渺小—微小。

28、陈设—陈列、沉思—深思、描绘—描述。

29、从容—镇定、传授—教授、猛烈—强烈。

30、成功—胜利、踌躇—犹豫、朦胧—模糊。

31、沉积—淤积、沉寂—沉静、弥漫—布满。

32、觉察—发觉、倘若—假如、密切—紧密。

33、驰过—经过、沉默—安静、勉励—鼓励。

34、持续—延续、颤抖—发抖、藐视—轻视。

爱慕—喜爱、安然—安稳、解释—讲解遨游—游览、奥秘—神秘、决心—决定懊悔—后悔、偶然—偶尔、聚拢—聚集爱护—爱惜、遨游—漫游、机灵—机敏安心—静心、奥秘—奥妙、俊俏—漂亮偶尔—间或、安慰—宽慰、纠正—改正安慰—抚慰、报酬—酬劳、巨大—庞大悲哀—悲伤、崩塌—倒塌、渴望—渴求必然—必定、避免—幸免、宽广—广阔必须—一定、抱怨—埋怨、慷慨—大方比美—媲美、宝贵—珍贵、可惜—惋惜悲哀—悲痛、避开—躲开、恐怖—恐惧悲惨—悲凉、悲惨—凄惨、愧疚—内疚报答—答谢、碧绿—翠绿、劳苦—劳累包括—包含、本领—本事、立即—马上帮助—援助、半晌—半天、灵便—灵活猜测—推测、才干—才能、浏览—扫瞄采用—采纳、慈悲—慈善、良好—优良慈祥—慈爱、葱茏—葱郁、连绵—绵延聪明—聪慧、催促—督促、凉爽—凉快催促—督促、诧异—惊异、冷淡—冷漠颤动—抖动、沉浸—沉醉、灵活—灵敏惩罚—惩处、迟延—拖延、另外—其它耻笑—讥笑、耻笑—嘲笑、满意—中意憧憬—向往、酬谢—答谢、漫步—闲逛啜泣—抽泣、创造—制造、茂密—茂盛绰号—外号、沉静—寂静、渺小—微小陈设—陈列、沉思—深思、描绘—描述从容—镇定、传授—教授、猛烈—强烈成功—胜利、踌躇—犹豫、朦胧—模糊沉积—淤积、沉寂—沉静、弥漫—布满觉察—发觉、倘若—假如、密切—紧密持续—延续、颤抖—发抖、藐视—轻视驰过—经过、沉默—安静、勉励—鼓励。

雅思写作常用近义同义词替换表1. A band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群2. A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of=a set of 一系列3.Accelerate=speed up 加速4.Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成 Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就5.Attend=participate in 参加6.Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得7.Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体8.Aim(.n)=objective=goal 目的9.Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on集中、强调10.Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作11.Approximately=roughly=about=some=around大约12.Appreciation=interest 欣赏13.As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而14.As well as=and和As well=too 也15.Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联16.Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上17.At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally 随意地18.Automatically ensure=guarantee 确保19.Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common相似20.Be used to=be devoted to 专门用于21.Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于22.Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊23.Briskly =rapidly=swiftly 快速地24.Calculate=measure 衡量25.Catch up with=keep pace with 跟上步伐26.Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的27.Chronic=long term 慢性病的plain=illness病症29.Concern n. =focus 关心的问题30.Concern v. =about 与……有关31.Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解32.Condition=regulate 调节33.Confront=encounter=in the face of 面临34.Concern = care 关心35.Consist of=comprise 由什么组成36.Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人37.Contaminate=pollute=poison污染38.Contend=assert=cliam断言39.Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for 导致40.Cooperate with=work with 与……协作41.Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为42.Crop up=crop out=come up 出现43.Degenerated=underdeveloped 退化44.Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散45.Deadly=fatal致命的46.Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少47.Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的48.Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处49.Distinct=distinguish=different=unique 不同的50.Distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind of 不同的51.Distinguish=tell 辨别52.Due to=because of 由于53.Drawback=defect=ill 缺点54.Eat=feed 喂食，进食55.Endanger=threaten 威胁56.Engage in=participate in=join in 参与57.Establish=set up 建立58.Establish=find out=figure out=work out 查明59.Evolvement=development=progress 发展、发育60.Emphasize=stress 强调（v）61.Embark upon=start=launch 开始62.Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识63.Entire=whole全部64.Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）65.Fail to do=failure to do=can not to do不能够做66.Far from=not at all 根本不67.Fault=flaw=defect错误68.Form=shape=mould 形成69.Foundation=basis 基础70.Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）71.Free=release=set free 释放72.Frequently=often 经常73.Great milestone=impact=effect=influence对…具有很重要的影响力74.Grant=give授予75.Gas=petrol石油76.Hold=harbor=embrace 拥有77.Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞78.Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍79.Identical=the same 一模一样80.Imitate=impersonate 模仿81.Incline to do=tend to do 倾向于做某事82.Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明83.Identify=recognize 鉴别84.In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应85.Interpret=illustrate解释86.Introduce to=import to 引入87.Key (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ an important part/role in 重要的，关键的88.Key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique 方法89.Likelihood=possibility可能性90.Link-up=connection联系91.Master=grasp掌握92.Match sth to=assign sth to 把……和……搭配起来93.Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view 错误的理解94.Modify=change=alter 修改、改变95.Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明96.Nature=character=characteristics 本质、特点97.Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe无毒的、安全的98.Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的99.Numerous= a number of 许多100.Owing to=thanks to =contribute to 多亏……，有赖于……101.Pattern=format 形式，模式102.Pattern=design 图案103.Pore over=study研究104.Poisonous=toxic 有毒的105.Portray=describe 描写塑造(v.)106.Portrait=description 描写塑造(n.)107.Preserve=store 储存108.Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的109.Present day=modern society现代社会、现在时代110.Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力111.Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result= breed=spawn激发、产生112.Provide=offer 提供113.Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害114.Questionnaire=survey 问卷调查115.Readily=easily=accessible 容易地116.Reflect=consider考虑117.Relate to=understand=appreciate 理解118.Rely on=depend on 依靠……119.Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）120.Replace=take the place of取代121.Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins剩余物、废墟122.Resemble=like=as像123.Show=reflect表现124.Significance=importance重要性125.State=Situation=circumstance状况,状态,情形126.Striking=noticeable值得注意地127.Struggle for=strive for努力地争取128.Substantial=considerable想当可观的129.Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就130.Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的131.Take to=be used to=get used to对……习惯132.Tale=story=fairytale故事133.Talent=gift天赋134.Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育135.Turn to=consult寻求帮助、求助于136.T oxic=poisonous有毒的137.Unbiased=without prejudice无立场、不带任何偏见的138.Up to=depend on/upon=rely on由……决定139.Universal=popular普遍140.Virtue=advantage=strength优点好处141.Work out=figure out=reckon计算出、作出--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Y ou know,我是悠悠的分割线君1.Solve= deal with=cope with=handle=resolve=address=tackle 解决2.Damage= hurt=injure=harm=impair= undermine= jeopardize损害3.给与：Give=offer=render= impart= provide=supply=afford4.培养：Develop= cultivate= foster5.优势：Advantage= merit= virtue= benefit= upside= strength6.缺陷：Disadvantage= demeri= drawback=downside= weakness7.使迷惑：Puzzle=bewilder=perplex= baffle8.Key=crucial=critical= important= significant= vital= substantial= indispensable= imperative重要的9.Think=believe= insist= maintain= assert= conclude= deem=hold= argue=be convinced=be firmly convinced= be fully convi nced认为10. 保护：Protect=conserve= preserve11. 确保：Assure= ensure= guarantee=pledge12. 有害的：Bad= baneful evil= harmful= detrimental13. 要求：Request= demand=needs= requisition14. Eliminate= clear=remove= clear up= take away= smooth away 消除15.Lead to= bring about= result in= cause=spark off= conduce to=p rocure= induce= generate导致16.So=therefore= thus=hence= consequently= as a consequence=a ccordingly= as a result=because of this= as a result of this因此17. Grow to=rise to=increase to=go up to=climb to=ascend to=ju mp to=shoot to 增长至18. Dip to=fall to=decline to=decrease to=drop to=go down to=reduce to=slump to=descend to=sink to=slide to 降低至19. 保持稳定：Level out=do not change=remain stable=remain still，=remain steady=be stable=maintain the same level=remain unchanged=be still=remain the same level=stay constant= keep at the same level=level off=stabilize=keep its stability=even out20. 急剧的：Dramatically=drastically=sharply=hugely=enormously，=steeply=substantially=considerably=significantly=markedly，=surprisingly=strikingly=radically=remarkably=vastly=noticeably 21. Steadily=smoothly=slightly=slowly=marginally=gradually，=moderately=mildly 平稳地22. 宣称：Allege=assert=declare= claim23. 发生：Happen= occur= take place24. 原因：Reason=factor= cause25. 发展：Development= advance=progress26. 有益的: Useful=helpful=beneficial=profitable= rewarding，=advantageous27. 影响：Influence = impact=effect28.Clear= obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-c lear明显的29. Comprise=take up= account for= constitute= consist of= make up=occupy= hold= compose占30. 与…相比：Compared with=compared to=in comparison with，=in comparison to=by comparison with=by comparison to31. 对比而言：By contrast=in contrast=on the other hand，=on the contrary=conversely32.Show=reveal=illustrate=demonstrate=depict=present=represent = descried展示33. 大约：Approximately=almost=about=around=nearly=roughly34. 波动：Fluctuate=go ups and downs=display a fluctuation，=demonstrate a fluctuation35. 事实上：Practically=in practice=essentially=in essence=in reality，=in effect=in fact=as a matter of fact=it is a fact that36. 换言之：Namely=that is to say=in other words，=to put it like this，=to put it differently=to put it from another way=to put it from another angle36. 与…有关: Concern with = relate to37. 增加：grow= increase= rise38. 集中：concentrate on = focus on40. 计划做…: tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth41. 与…有关联:be associated with = be connected with = be linked to42. 方法：approach = method = way43. 建立：establish= found = set up= establishment = organization44. offer sb.sth. =supply sb.with sth. =provide sb.with sth.= grant提供…给某人45. 争论：argument= disagreement46.合同，合约：contract = agreement47.没有：no= without = have no48.混乱：chaos = mess49.里程碑：monument= landmark50.帮助某人：help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sbpetitor= rival recognize as = look/assume as52.作品：work = masterpiece--------------------------------------------------------------------------------对，没错，我就是分割线君^_^★高频短语：1．be filled with = be inundate with = be saturated with充满了2．struggle for = aspire after =strive for=spare no efforts for努力3. embark on = take up = set about = go in for从事4. in present-day society =in contemporary society=in this day and age在当代5. a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of= a vast amount of大量的6. be good for=do good to =be beneficial to =be advantageous to =be conducive to对…有益处7. harmful/bad for =be detrimental to =be disadvantageous to = be pernicious to对…有害处8．focus on devote oneself to =dedicate oneself to= commit oneself to =engage oneself in =employ oneself in集中精力于9．think = argue= assert= contend= claim=maintain= hold the viewpoint that=hold the standpoint that=hold the perspective that = harbour an idea/opinion that =embrace a view that认为10．be against=reject= object= oppose=be opposed to= become hostile to反对11．support=take sides with =advocate =lend support to=sing high praise of支持12. lead to=trigger=result in= bring about= contribute to= give rise to= give birth to=be responsible for导致13. be ascribed to=be attributed to 归咎于14. 发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve) =A及物动词组promote, advance, enhance, reinforce名词promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement =B不及物动词rocket, boom, flourish, prosper15．be faced with=be encountered with=be poised on the brink of 面临，面对16. destroy= damage=decompose=destruct = endanger= impair = decimate =deteriorate破坏17．limit=restrict,=restrain,=constrict=constrain =obstacle= barric ade =smother=curb = hinder= impede阻碍，限制18．make a conclusion= draw a conclusion=reach a conclusion = arrive at a conclusion=hammer a conclusion=crystallize a conclusion下结论19. dialect 方言accent 腔调20. look like= resemble 类似，像21. chronic 长期的,慢性的long-term 长期的22. on-line =net= cyber 网络23. solely= merely= only 单独地，唯一地。

雅思写作常用近义同义词替代表1. Abandof=aherdof=aflockof 一群2. Arangeof=anarrayof=alistof=acollectionof=aseriesof= asetof一系列3. Accelerate=speedup 加快4. Accomplishment=achievement 成就，达成 Accomplish=achieve（V）达成，达成，成就5. Attend=participatein 参加6. Achieve=obtain=gain=accesstosth 获取、获取7. Adaptto=integrateinto 使适应、融为一体8. Aim(.n)=objective=goal 目的9. Aimat=focuson=concentrateon=emphasizeon集中、重申10. Attempttodo=trytodo=intendtodo试试作，想要作11. Approximately=roughly=about=some=around大概12. Appreciation=interest赏识13. Asaresult=consequently=asaconsequence=hence所以、进而14. Aswellas=and和Aswell=too也15. Associatewith=connectwith=linkwith=relateto=involvein 与⋯⋯有关16. Attachto=connectto=linkto=serve 与⋯⋯相接、附着在⋯⋯上17. Atwill=atrandom ＝bychance=byaccident=accidentally 任意地18. Automaticallyensure=guarantee 保证19. Besimilarto=closelyresembled=havesomethingincommon 相似20. Beusedto=bedevotedto用于21. Beequivalentto=beequalto 等同于22. Betakenaback=besurprised 惊讶23. Briskly=rapidly=swiftly迅速地24. Calculate=measure权衡25. Catchupwith=keeppacewith跟上步伐26. Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的27. Chronic=longterm慢性病的28. Complain=illness病症29. Concernn.=focus关怀的30. Concernv.=about与⋯⋯有关31. Concept=conception=notion=idea=understanding观点、理解32. Condition=regulate调理33. Confront=encounter=inthefaceof面对34. Concern=care关怀35. Consistof=comprise由什么构成36. Concurwithsb=agreewithsb赞同某人37. Contaminate=pollute=poison污染38. Contend=assert=cliam断言39. Contributeto=resultin=leadto=linkto=responsiblefor致使40. Cooperatewith=workwith与协作41. Convertto=turninto转为、转变成42. Cropup=cropout=comeup出现43. Degenerated=underdeveloped退化44. Distractfrom=cannotconcentrate使精力分别45. Deadly=fatal致命的46. Diminish=decrease=shrink减少47. Distortreality=farfromreality=dishonest不真切的48. Distinction=difference=nuance不一样之处49. Distinct=distinguish=different=unique 不一样的50. Distinctvarietyof=differentkindof=separatekindof 不一样的51. Distinguish=tell 鉴识52. Dueto=becauseof 因为53. Drawback=defect=ill弊端54. Eat=feed喂食，进食55. Endanger=threaten威迫56. Engagein=participatein=joinin参加57. Establish=setup成立58. Establish=findout=figureout=workout查明59. Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育60.Emphasize=stress重申（v）61.Embarkupon=start=launch开始62. Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启发、赐予知识63. Entire=whole所有64. Exceptional=extremely特别（特别好）65. Failtodo=failuretodo=cannotto do不可以做66. Farfrom=notatall根本不67. Fault=flaw=defect错误68. Form=shape=mould形成69. Foundation=basis基础70. Finance=sponsor=fund供给资助（金钱）71. Free=release=setfree开释72. Frequently=often常常73. Greatmilestone=impact=effect=influence对拥有很重要的影响力74. Grant=give授与75. Gas=petrol石油76. Hold=harbor=embrace拥有77. Halt=stop=hamper(v.)阻挡、使阻滞78. Hurdle=barrier(n.)阻挡79. Identical=thesame如出一辙80. Imitate=impersonate模拟81. Inclinetodo=tendtodo偏向于做某事82. Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表示83. Identify=recognize鉴识84. Inreactionto=respondto对起反响85. Interpret=illustrate解说86. Introduceto=importto引入87.Key(a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=playavital/animportantpart/rolein重要的，重点的88. Key(n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法89. Likelihood=possibility可能性90. Link-up=connection联系91. Master=grasp掌握92. Matchsthto=assignsthto把和搭配起来93. Misconception=misunderstanding=mistakenview错误的理解94. Modify=change=alter改正、改变95. Manifestation=demonstration显示、表示96. Nature=character=characteristics实质、特色97. Non-toxic=lesspoisonous=safe无毒的、安全的98. Novela.=fresh=new=uptodate新潮的、创新的99. Numerous=anumberof很多100.Owingto=thanksto=contributeto多亏，有赖于101.Pattern=format形式，模式102.Pattern=design图案103.Poreover=study研究104.Poisonous=toxic有毒的105.Portray=describe描绘塑造(v.)106.Portrait=description描绘塑造(n .)107.Preserve=store储藏108.Prevailing=popular=prevalent流行的109.Presentday=modernsociety现代社会、此刻时代110.Prodigiouseffort=enormouseffort重要的努力111.Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bringabout=result= breed=spawn 激发、产生112.Provide=offer供给113.ProtectAfromB=shelterAfromB使A不受B的伤害114.Questionnaire=survey问卷检查115.Readily=easily=accessible简单地116.Reflect=consider考虑117.Relateto=understand=appreciate理解118. Relyon=dependon 依赖119. Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）120. Replace = taketheplaceof 代替121. Residue = remains = relics = relicts = ruins 节余物、废墟122. Resemble = like = as 像123. Show = reflect 表现124. Significance = importance 重要性125. State = Situation = circumstance情况,状态,情况126. Striking = noticeable 值得注意地127. Strugglefor = strivefor 努力地争取128. Substantial = considerable 想当可观的129. Success= achievement = greatoutcome = greatprogress = huge development成功、成就130.Surprising = unexpectedlyuncommon令人惊讶的131.Taketo = beusedto = getusedto对习惯132.Tale= story = fairytale故事133.Talent = gift天分134.Tuition = formalteaching正式的学校教育135.Turnto = consult追求帮助、求援于136.Toxic = poisonous有毒的137.Unbiased = withoutprejudice无立场、不带任何成见的138.Upto = dependon /upon = relyon由决定139.Universal = popular广泛140.Virtue = advantage = strength长处利处141.Workout = figureout = reckon 计算出、作出--------------------------------------------------------------------------------You know ,我是悠悠的切割线君1. Solve = dealwith =copewith = handle = resolve = address =tackle解决2. Damage = hurt = injure = harm = impair = undermine= jeopardize伤害3.给与：Give = offer = render = impart = provide = supply = afford4.培育：Develop = cultivate = foster5.优势：Advantage = merit = virtue = benefit = upside = strength6.缺点：Disadvantage= demeri = drawback = downside = weakness7. 使诱惑：Puzzle = bewilder = perplex = baffle8. Key= crucial = critical = important = significant = vital = substantial = indispensable = imperative 重要的9. Think = believe = insist = maintain = assert = conclude = deem =hold =argue = beconvinced = befirmlyconvinced = befullyconvinced以为10.保护：Protect = conserve = preserve11.保证：Assure = ensure = guarantee = pledge12. 有害的：Bad = banefulevil= harmful = detrimental13.要求：Request = demand = needs = requisition14.Eliminate = clear = remove = clearup = takeaway = smoothaway除去15.Leadto = bringabout = resultin = cause = sparkoff = conduceto= proc ure = induce = generate致使16.So= therefore = thus = hence = consequently = asaconsequence= acc ordingly = asaresult = becauseofthis = asaresultofthis所以17.Growto = riseto = increaseto = goupto = climbto = ascendto = jumpto = s hootto增添至18. Dipto = fallto = declineto = decreaseto = dropto = godownto= reduceto = slumpto = descendto = sinkto = slideto降低至19. 保持稳固：Levelout = donotchange = remainstable = remainstill ，= remainsteady = bestable = maintainthesamelevel = remainunchanged = bestill = remainthesamelevel = stayconstant = keepatthesamelevel = leveloff = stabilize = keepitsstability = evenout 20. 急剧的：Dramatically = drastically = sharply = hugely = enormously ，= steeply = substantially = considerably = significantly = markedly ，= surprisingly = strikingly =radically = remarkably = vastly = noticeably 21. Steadily = smoothly = slightly = slowly = marginally = gradually ，= moderately = mildly 安稳地22.声称：Allege =assert = declare = claim23.发生：Happen = occur = takeplace24.原由：Reason = factor = cause25. 发展：Development= advance = progress26.有利的: Useful = helpful = beneficial = profitable = rewarding ，= advantageous27. 影响：Influence = impact = effect28.Clear =obvious ,evident ,self -evident ,manifest ,apparent ,crystal -clear显然的29. Comprise = takeup = accountfor = constitute= consistof =makeup = occupy = hold = compose占，30. 与对比：Comparedwith = comparedto = incomparisonwith =incomparisonto = by comparison with = bycomparisonto31.对照而言：Bycontrast = incontrast= ontheotherhand，= onthecontrary= conversely32.Show = reveal = illustrate = demonstrate = depict = present = represent = descried展现33. 大概：Approximately = almost = about = around = nearly = roughly34. 颠簸：Fluctuate = goupsanddowns = displayafluctuation ，= demonstrateafluctuation35. 事实上：Practically = inpractice = essentially = inessence = inreality ，= ineffect = infact = asamatteroffact = itisafactthat36.换言之：Namely = thatistosay= inotherwords，= toputitlikethis，= toputitdifferently= toputitfromanotherway= toputitfromanotherangle36.与有关: Concernwith = relateto37.增添：grow = increase = rise38.集中：concentrateon= focuson40.计划做:tendtodosth = planetodosth /wanttodosth41. 与有关系:beassociatedwith = beconnectedwith= belinkedto42.方法：approach = method = way43. 成立：establish = found = setup = establishment= organization44. offersb.sth. = supplysb.withsth. = providesb.withsth.= grant 供给给某人45.争辩：argument = disagreement46.合同，合约： contract = agreement47. 没有：no = without= haveno48.杂乱：chaos = mess49.里程碑：monument = landmark50. 帮助某人：helpsbwith = assistsbindoingsth= reachahandtosb51. competitor = rivalrecognizeas= look / assumeas52.作品：work = masterpiece--------------------------------------------------------------------------------对，没错，我就是切割线君 ^_^★高频短语：1． befilledwith =beinundatewith = besaturated with充满了2．strugglefor = aspireafter = strivefor = sparenoeffortsfor努力3. embarkon = takeup = setabout = goinfor从事4.in present-day society =in contemporary society=inthisdayandage在今世5. ahostof = amultitudeof = avastnumberof= avastamount of大批的6.begoodfor = dogoodto = bebeneficialto = beadvantageousto= becond uciveto对有好处7. harmful /badfor = bedetrimentalto = bedisadvantageousto = beperniciousto对有害处8．focusondevoteoneselfto= dedicateoneselfto= commitoneselfto = engageoneselfin = employoneselfin集中精力于9．think = argue =assert = contend = claim=maintain= holdthe viewpointthat=holdthestandpointthat= holdtheperspectivethat= harbouranidea /opinionthat = embraceaviewthat以为10．beagainst = reject = object = oppose = beopposedto = becomehostileto反对11．support =takesideswith = advocate = lendsupportto= singhighpraiseof支持12. leadto =trigger = resultin = bringabout= contributeto= giveriseto = givebirthto = beresponsiblefor致使13. beascribedto = beattributedto归罪于14.发展(develop )，提升(increase )，改良(improve)= A 及物动词组promote ,advance ,enhance ,reinforce名词 promotion ,advancement ,enhancement ,reinforcement= B 不及物动词 rocket ,boom ,flourish ,prosper15． befacedwith = beencounteredwith = bepoisedonthebrinkof面临，面对16. destroy = damage = decompose= destruct = endanger = impair= decimate = deteriorate损坏17．limit = restrict ,= restrain ,= constrict = constrain = obstacle = barric ade = smother = curb = hinder = impede 阻挡，限制= 18．makeaconclusion= drawaconclusion=reachaconclusion arriveataconclusion = hammeraconclusion =crystallizeaconclusion下结论19.dialect 方言accent 声调20. looklike = resemble近似，像21. chronic长久的,慢性的long -term长久的22. on - line = net = cyber网络23. solely = merely = only独自地，独一地。