一.What is the theme of Beowulf?
这首诗主题介绍了如何原始人工资在聪明和强大的领导之下的自然世界的敌对势力的英勇斗争的生动写照。这首诗是自然界神话和英雄传说混合在一起的一个例子。
Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.
二.莎士比亚（1）四个悲剧。（二）四大悲剧的共同之处？3请简要总结每个英雄人性的弱点。
1.莎士比亚的四个最大的悲剧是：哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王、麦克白。
2.每个描绘了一些高尚的英雄，谁面临着人类生活的不公，陷入了一个困难的局面和他们的命运和整个国家的命运息息相关。
3.每一位英雄有他的弱点的性质；老国王李尔不愿意完全放弃他的权力；麦克白的权欲挑起他的抱负和他会导致无休止的罪行
1.Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth.
2.Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.
3. Each hero has his weakness of nature; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes
三.试论莎士比亚的艺术的创作。
1.主要特点是既不是仅仅是个人的也不是类型；他们是代表某些类型的个人。每个字符都有他或她自己的个性；和此同时，他们可能和别人分享功能。
2.通过运用心理分析的方法，莎士比亚成功探索刻画心灵。
3.莎士比亚很少发明自己的情节；相反，他借用他们的一些旧的戏剧或故事书，或从古希腊和古罗马的来源。
4.在他的著作中，伪装也是重要的设备，打造戏剧反讽，通常伪装成男人的女人。
5.他在不同的诗歌形式，就像这首十四行诗、空白的诗
句，押韵一样经常巧妙地写道。
1.Shakespeare’s major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones;they are individuals representing certain types.each character has his or her own personalities;meanwhile,they may share features with others.
2.By applying a psycho-analytic approach,Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters’inner mind.
3.Shakespeare seldom invents his own plots;instead,he borrows them from some old plays or storybooks,or from ancient Greek and Roman sources.
4.In his writings,disguise is also an important device to create dramatic irony,usually with woman disguised as man.
5.He often wrote skillfully in different poetic forms,like the sonnet,the blank verse,and the rhymed couplet.
四.简要讨论为什么莎士比亚的哈姆雷特让人印象深刻。
1.在 Shakespeare 主人公是行动的的戏剧哈姆雷特》指出的他hesitation 采取他的复仇，他忧郁的性质，只能拒绝做任何事情的可能性。
2.他终于知道他的父亲被谋杀了，他成了国王的叔叔。他恨他太深了，他想杀了他。但他热爱他守寡的母亲，后来嫁给了他的叔叔。这使他陷入麻烦。
3.当他打算杀死他的叔叔，他不敢伤害他的母亲。也，当一切准备好让他杀死他的叔叔，他还是原谅了他因为他的叔叔向上帝祈祷，为他的罪行。因此，他失去了很好的机会。
4.哈姆雷特》代表他那个时代的人文精神。
1.The hero Hamlet in Shakespeare is play Hamlet is noted for his hesitation to take his revenge,his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anything.
2.He came to know that his father was murdered by his uncle who became king.He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him.But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle.This made him deep in trouble.
3.When he planned to kill his uncle,he was afraid to hurt his mother.And also,when everything was ready for him to kill his uncle,he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime.Thus
