00604英美文学选读_202010_试卷

全国202X年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读真题课程代码：00604Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices A],B],C],Dof each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter on the answer sheet.1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.ChristianB.knightlyC.GreekD.primitive2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales3.Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaisssance MovementA.The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B.The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C.The Glorious revolution.D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion.4.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation.5.“And we will sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,/By shallow rivers towhose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.〞The above lines are probably taken from __.A.Spenser's The Faerie QueeneB.John Donne's “The Sun Rising〞C.Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18〞D.Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love〞6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia:Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.〞The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A.dramatic ironyB.personificationC.allegoryD.symbolism7.The ture subject of John Donne's poem,“The Sun Rising,〞is to ___.A.attack the sun as an unruly servantB.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC.criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private lifeD. lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie8.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “___ in prose,〞the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epic B ic epicC.romanceD.lyric epic9.The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A.horses that are endowed with reasonB.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.10.Here are four lines from a literary work:“Others for language all their care express,/And value books,as women men, for dress.〞The work is ___.A.Thomas Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard〞B.John Milton's Paradise LostC.Alexander Pope's Essay on CriticismD.Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream11.The phrase “to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvation throughconstant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils〞may well sum up the implied meaning of ___.A.Gulliver's TravelsB.The Rape of the LockC.Robinson CrusoeD.The pilgrim's Progress12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13.Which of the following is taken from John Keats’“Ode on a Grecian Urn〞A.“I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!〞B.“They are both gone up to the church to pary.〞C.“Earth has not anything to show more fair.〞D.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty〞.14.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!〞is an epigrammatic line by __.15.“Ode o na Grecian Urn〞shows the contrast between the ___ of art and the ___ of humanpassion.A.glory …uglinessB.permanence…transienceC.transience…sordidnessD.glory…permanence16.In the statement“—oh,God! would you like to live with your soul in the grave〞the term“soul〞apparently refers to ___.A.Heathcliff himselfB.CatherineC.one's spiritual lifeD.one's ghost17.The typical feature of Robet Browning's poetry is the ___.A.bitter satirerger-than-life caricaturetinized dictionD.dramatic monologue18.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ____,eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A.poetryB.dramaC.proseD.epic prose19.___is the first important governess novel in the English literary history.A.Jane EyreB.EmmaC.Wuthering HeightsD.Middlemarch20.The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development ofhis characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.wrence'sB.J.Galsworthy'sC.W.Thackeray’sD.T.Hardy’s21.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A.Richard SheridanB.Oliver GoldsmithC.Oscar WildeD.Bernard Shaw22.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of ModernismA.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B.To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past.23.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___ in the Americanliterary histrory.A.individual feelingsB.idea of survival of the fittestC.strong imaginationD.return to nature24.Henry David Thoreau's work,__,has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New EnglandTranscendentalism.A.WaldenB.The pioneersC.NatureD.Song of Myself25.The famous 20-years sleep in “Rip Van Winkle〞helps to construct the story in such a waythat we are greatly affected by Irving's ___.A.concern with the passage of timeB.expression of transient beautyC.satire on laziness and corruptibility of human beingsD.idea about supernatural manipulation of man's life26.Walt whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in hisuse of __,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A.blank verseB.heroic coupletC.free verseD.iambic pentameter27.The literary characters of the American type in early 19th century are generally characterized byall the following features EXCEPT that they ___.A.speak local dialectsB.are polite and elegant gentlemenC.are simple and crude farmersD.are noble savages( red and white) untainted by society28.Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale,Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names of the charactersin ___.A.The Scarlet LetterB.The House of the Seven GablestC.The Portrait of a LadyD.The pioneers29.“This is my letter to the World〞is a poetic expression of Emily Dickinson's __ about hercommunication with the outside world.A.indifferenceB.angerC.anxietyD.sorrow30.With Howells,James,and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, __ became the major trendin American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.A.sentimentalismB.romanticismC.realismD.naturalism31.After The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain gives a literary independence to Tom's buddy Huckin a book entitled ___.A.Life on the MississippiB.The Gilded AgeC.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court32.However,___,the keynote of Daisy Miller's character,turns out to be an admiring but adangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.A.experienceB.sophisticationC.worldlinessD.innocence33.Generally speaking,all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___.A.transcendentalistsB.idealistsC.pessimistsD.impressionists34.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life.Which of the following isNOT a usual subject of her poetic expressionA.Religion and immortality.B.Life and death.C.Love and marriage.D.War and peace.35.In “After Apple-Picking,〞Robert Frost wrote:“For I have had too much/Of applepicking:I amovertired/Of the great harvest I myself desired.〞From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is ___.A.happy about the harvestB.still very much interested in apple-pickingC.expecting a greater harvestD.indifferent to what he once desired36.Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____.A.Ezra PoundB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Robert FrostD.Emily Dickinson37.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their __.A.indestructible spirtieB.pessimistic view of lifeC.war experiencesD.masculinity38.IN The Emperor Jones and T he Hairy Ape,O'Neill adopted the expressionist techniques toportray the ___ of human beings in a hostile universe.A.helpless situationB.uncertaintyC.profound religious faithD.courage and perseverance39.In Hemingway's “Indian Cmap〞,Nick's night trip to the Indian village and his experienceinside the hut can be taken as ____.A.an essential lesson about Indian tribesB.a confrontation with evil and sinC.an initiation to the harshness of lifeD.a learning process in human relationship40.which of the following statements about Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story“A Rose for Emily,〞is NOT trueA.She has a distorted personality.B.She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C.She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D.She is the victim of the past glory.PART TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Her eyes met his and he looked away.He neither believed nor diXelieved her,but he knew thathe had made a mistake in asking;he never had known,never would know,what she was thinking.The sight of her inscrutable face,the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that,soft and passive,but so unreadable, unknown, enraged him beyond measure.〞Questions:A.Identify the writer and the work.B.What does the phrase “inscrutable face〞meanC.What idea does the quoted passage express42.“And when I am formulated,sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.〞Questions:A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “butt-ends〞meanC.What idea does the quoted passage express43.“God knows,…I'm not myself—I'm somebody else—…and I'm changed,and I can't tell what'smy name,or who I am.〞Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.The speaker says he is changed.Do you think he is changed, or the social environment haschangedC.What idea does the quoted sentence express44.“I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.〞Questions:A.Idenfity the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “ages and ages hence〞meanC.What idea does the quoted passage expressⅢ.Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.As a rule,an allegory is story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning,and animplied meaning.List two works as examples of allegory.What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning46.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought.Who arethe twoAnd what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers47.The white whale,Moby Dick,is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolicmeaning can you draw from it48.Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on his idea of theQversoul.What is your understanding of Emersonian “Oversoul〞Ⅳ.Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.How is Romanticism different from NeoclassicismProvide brief evidence from the literaryworks you know best.50.Summerize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about 100words,and comment on the theme of the novel.全国202X年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读真题答案课程代码：00604Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(40 points in all,1 for each)1.B2.D3.C4.C5.D6.A7.B8.B9.A 10.C11.D 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.B16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.A21.D 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.A26.C 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C31.C 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.D36.A 37.A 38.A 39.C 40.BⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)41.A.John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B.A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how thatperson is feeling or what he is thinking about.C.it presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness.He can never knowwhat is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. Hiswife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her huXand'spossessiveness. Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he reallycan't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyondmeasure.42.A.T.S.Eliot:“The Love Song of J.Alfred Pruforck.〞B.The ends of cigarettes,meaning trivial things here.C.Here,Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikinglyclear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinnedon the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's currentpredicament.43.A.Washington Irving:“Rip Van Winkle〞.B.The social environment is changed.C.When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years,he finds thta everything has changed.Allthose old values are gone,and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society.One of thefunctions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It isthrough him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change,improvement,andprogress could subvert stable society.44.A.Robert Frost:“The Road Not Taken〞.B.Many many years later.C.The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads.But he isconscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life.Heseems to be giving a suggestion to the reader.“Make good choice of your life.〞Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)45.A.Buyan's pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene.B.It is usually concerned with moral ,religious,political,symbolic or mythical ideas.46.A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan vonGoethe.B.It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of thehuman spirit;his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.〞Goethe and hiscompatriots extolled the romantic spirit.47.A.To Ahab,the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controlsthe universe,or perhaps both.B.To Ishmale,the whale is an astonishing force,an immense power,which defies rationalexplanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful,but malignant at the same time.It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe,for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.C.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that lifeimposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man. In general,the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.48.A.The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent andomnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. It exists in nature andman alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B.According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and areligion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and theuniversal Over-soul of which it is a part.C.He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mindcould intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emoticon andaccuracy,and that literature,should be judged in terms of its service to humanity,and thus,literary expressions should be of proportion,unity,harmony and grace.Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace,wit (usually though satire/humour),and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals,too);Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel;Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elegance in style,unified structure,serious tone and moral instructions.b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience,includingart,and thus,literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,〞and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,〞or “The Solitary Reaper,) or Coleridge's “Keble Khan〞),the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.c.In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached greatimportance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)50.A.Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a Sequa to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The Story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant,uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and ,more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind ,his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures:coming across two frauds, the “Duke〞and the “King〞,witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue.B. The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom〞: Huck wants to escape fromthe bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.全国202X年4月自学考试英美文学选读真题答案课程代码：00604Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(40 points in all,1 for each)1.B2.D3.C4.C5.D6.A7.B8.B9.A 10.C11.D 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.B16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.A21.D 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.A26.C 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C31.C 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.D36.A 37.A 38.A 39.C 40.BⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)41.A.John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B.A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.C.it presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness.He can never know what is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her huXand's possessiveness. Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he really can't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.42.A.T.S.Eliot:“The Love Song of J.Alfred Pruforck.〞B.The ends of cigarettes,meaning trivial things here.C.Here,Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's current predicament.43.A.Washington Irving:“Rip Van Winkle〞.B.The social environment is changed.C.When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years,he finds thta everything has changed.Allthose old values are gone,and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society.One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change,improvement,and progress could subvert stable society.44.A.Robert Frost:“The Road Not Taken〞.B.Many many years later.C.The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads.But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life.He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader.“Make good choice of your life.〞Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)45.A.Buyan's pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene.B.It is usually concerned with moral ,religious,political,symbolic or mythical ideas.46.A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.B.It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit;his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.〞Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.47.A.To Ahab,the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe,or perhaps both.B.To Ishmale,the whale is an astonishing force,an immense power,which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful,but malignant at the same time. It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe,for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.C.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man. In general,the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.48.A.The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. It exists in nature and manalike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B.According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.C.He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emoticon and accuracy,and that literature,should be judged in terms of its service to humanity,and thus,literary expressions should be of proportion,unity,harmony and grace.Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace,wit (usually though satire/humour),and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals,too);Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel;Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elegance in style,unified structure,serious tone and moral instructions.b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience,including art,and thus,literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,〞and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,〞or “The Solitary Reaper,) or Coleridge's “Keble Khan〞),the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.c.In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…) 50.A.Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a Sequa to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The Story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant,uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and ,more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind ,his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures:coming across two frauds, the “Duke〞and the “King〞,witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue.B. The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom〞: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.。

2015年4月高等教育自学考试《英美文学选读》试题课程代码：00604I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. Romio and Juliet, though a tragedy, is permeated with B spirit.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. despairingD. passive2. Among John Milton' s major poetical works, A is the greatest, indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf,A. Paradise LostB. Paradise regainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Aeopagitica3. Daniel Defoe's D , an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time, is universally considered his masterpiece.A. Captain SingletonB. Moll FlandersC. Colonel JackD. Robinson Crusoe4. Charlotte Bronte' s works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness to- wards B , about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life.A. self- relianceB. self- realizationC. self - esteemD. self - consciousness5. Of all the eighteenth -century novelists, B was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose," the first to give the modem novel its structure and style.A. Daniel DefoeB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD. Laurence Sterne6. William Blake's C marks his entry into maturity.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Songs of InnocenceC. Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Poetical Sketches7. Poetry is defined by A as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility."A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Percy Bysshe ShelleyD.T.S. Eliot8. Shelly' s greatest achievement is his four- act poetic drama AA. Prometheus UnboundB. A Defence of PoetryC. The Revolt of IslamD. Adonais9. In B 's novel, the subject matter, the character range, the social settings, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life.A. Charlotte BronteB. Jane AustenC.D.H. Lawrence D. Thomas Hardy10. In C , one of Dickens' later works, Dickens presents a criticism of the Utilitarian principle that rules over the English education system and destroys young hearts and minds.A. Bleak HouseB. Little DorritC. Hard TimesD. A Tale of Two Cities11. The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the Englsih novel the first D heroine.A. workerB. peasantC. explorerD. governess12. The last two novels by Thomas Hardy are CA. The Return of the Native, The Mayor of CasterbridgeB. The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D' UrbervillesC. Tess of the D' Urbervilles, Jude the ObscureD. The Woodlanders, the Mayor of Casterbridge13. Dickens' best- depicted characters are the following EXCEPT DA. innocent, virtuous, persecuted and helpless child charactersB. horrible and grotesque charactersC. broadly humorous or comical charactersD. simple, innocent and faithful women characters14. In his famous essay, Tradition and Individual Talent, A puts great emphasis on the importance of tradition both in creative writing and in criticism.A.T.S. EliotB.D.H. LawrenceC. Bernard ShawD. Charles Dickens15. D. H. Lawrence' s novel B is a story about the three generations of the Brangwen family on the Marsh farm.A. Sons and LoversB. The RainbowC. KangarooD. Lady Chatterley's Lover16. It is generally believed that the most important play among Shakespeare's comedies isBA. A Midsummer Night's DreamB. The Merchant of VenisC. Much Ado About NothingD. Twelfth Night17. John Milton's A shows how mankind, in the person of Christ, withstands the tempter and is established once more in the divine favor.A. Paradise RegainedB. Paradise LostC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica18. The declaration that "I know that This World is a World of Imagination and Vision" and that "The nature of my work is visionary or imaginative" belongs to AA. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. T. S. EliotD. Percy Bysshe Shelley19. All of the following poems is written by Shelly EXCEPT CA. "Ode to Liberty"B. "Ode to Naples"C. "Ode to a Nightingale" D "To a Skylark"20. Of the following writers, C is often compared with Shakespeare for his adeptness with the vemacular and large vocabulary with which he brings out many a wonderful verbal picture of man and scene.A. Thomas HardyB. George Bernard ShawC. Charles DickensD.D.H. Lawrence21. T. S. Eliot' s major achievement in play writing has been the creation of a D in the 20th century to express the ideas and action of modem society with new accents of the contemporary speech.A. heroic dramaB. melodramaC. monodramaD. verse drama22. In D , by portraying a disillusioned man who attempts to save his integrity by running away again and again from his wife and children, D. H. Lawrence tries to show that every man is a sacred and holy individual whose integrity should never be violated or dominated.A. Sons and LoversB. The RainbowC. Women in LoveD. Aaron' s Rod23. William Faulkner' s work is difficult and is a text endlessly searched for AA. meaningsB. answersC. themesD. logics24. As a genre, naturalism emphasized D and environment as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances~A. educationB. societyC. manD. heredity25. Robert Frost' s A Masque of Reason and B are comic - serious dramatic narratives, in both of which biblical characters in modem settings discuss ethics and man relations to God.A. A Further RangeB. A Masque of MercyC. A Boy' s WillD. North of Boston26. Henry James believed that the materialistic bent of America life and its lack of C and sophistication could not provide him with enough materials for great literary works.A. moneyB. wisdomC. cultureD. democracy27. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and especially, its sequence A proved them- selves to be the milestone in American literature.A. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. The Gilded AgeC. Innocents AbroadD. Life on the Mississippi28. Hawthorne' s intellectuals are usually C dreadful because they are devoid of warmth and feeling.A. victimsB. heroesC. villainsD. saviors29. Melville' s Billy Budd deals with the sea and sailors and the theme of a conflict between innocence and B .A. purityB. corruptionC. religionD. power30. C is a great literary giant of America, whom H. L. Mencken considered "the true father of our national literature."A. Ernest HemingwayB. William FaulknerC. Mark TwainD. Ezra Pound31. In Go Down, Moses, Faulkner skillfully employs A as a symbol of the timeless freedom of the wilderness.A. an old crafty bearB. a loyal dogC. a dove of peaceD. a smart fox32. Henry James' s B tells a story about a young and innocent American confronting the complexity of the European life.A. Daisy MillerB. The AmericanC. The Portrait of A LadyD. The Ambassadors33. The Scarlet Letter always regarded as the best of Hawthorne' s works, tells a simple but moving story in which four people living in a A community are involved in and affected by the sin of adultery in different ways.A. PuritanB. ancient GreekC. IslamicD. Buddhist34. Theodore Dreiser' s style has been a controversial aspect of his work from the beginning. For lack of D , his writings appear more inclusive and less selective.A. rhetoricB. logicC. modificationD. concision35. Robert Frost wrote in both D and the free verse, and sometimes he wrote in a form that borrows freely from the merits of both.A. blank verseB. sonnetC. rhyming coupletsD. the metrical forms36. Fitzgerald follows the Jamesian tradition in using the A method in his chapters, each one of which consists of one or more dramatic scenes.A. scenicB. descriptiveC. narrativeD. dialogical37. Hemingway' s For Whom the Bell Tolls concerns a volunteer American guerrilla Robert Jordan fighting in the DA. Second World WarB. Civil WarC. First World WarD. Spanish Civil War38. The C , Moby Dick, symbolizes nature for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant and beautiful as well.A. white sea wolfB. black whaleC. white whaleD. black sea wolf39. The Romantic period started with the publication of Washington Irving's The Sketch Book and ended withDA. Cooper' s Leathering Stocking TalesB. Mark Twain' s Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Hawthorne' s The Scarlet LetterD. Whitman's Leaves of Grass40. Theodore Dreiser' s A , a classic story of a "misunderstood artist," was once condemned for "obscenity and blasphemy."A. The GeniusB. Sister CarrieC. The TitanD. The StoicII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. Let us go then, you and I,When the evening is spread out against the skyLike a patient etherized upon a table;Let us go, through certain half- deserted streets,The muttering retreatsOf restless nights in one- night cheap hotelsAnd sawdust restaurants with oyster shells:Streets that follow like a tedious argumentOf insidious intentTo lead you to an overwhelming question ...Oh, do not ask, "What is it ?"Let us go and make our visit.Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.B. What are the characteristics of the protagonist in the poem?C. What figure of speech is used in the second and third lines?答：A.T.S. Eliot. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock".B. Pmfrock, the protagonist of the poem, is neurotic, self - important, illogical and incapable of action. He is a kind of tragic figure caught in a sense of defeated idealism and tortured by unsatisfied desires.C. simile42. "Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before ichaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.""What is his name?""Bingley.""Is he married or single?""Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!""How so? how can it affect them."My dear Mr. Bennet," replied his wife, "how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them."Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.B. Who are the two speakers?C. What does the dialogue tell us about the speakers?答：A. From Jane Austen' s Pride and Prejudice.B. Mr. ,and Mrs. Bennet.C. It tells us that Mrs. Bennet is eager to marry one of her daughters to the mentioned young man, but her husband does not care much.43. He pretended to consider it. "I'd much rather go to Chillon with you."With me. she asked without a shadow of emotion.She didn' t rise blushing, as a young person at Geneva would have done; and yet conscious that he had gone very far, he thought it possible she had drawn back. "And with your mother," he answered very respectfully.But it seemed that both his audacity and his respect were lost on Miss Daisy Miller. "I guess mother wouldn' t go for you ," she smiled. "And she ain' t bent on going, anyway. She don' t like to ride round in the afternoon." After which she familiarly proceeded: "But did you really mean what you said just now that you' d like to go up there?"Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which the above excerpt is taken.B. From their conversation, do you know where Miss Daisy Miller and the man want to go?C. Briefly comment on Miss Daisy Miller' s character.答：A. From Henry James' s Daisy Miller.B. They want to go to an old castle, the Castle of Chillon.C. Innocence, the keynote of Miss Daisy Miller' s character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.44. When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man - servant —— a combined gardener and cook had seen in at least ten years.Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the work from which the above excerpt is taken.B. How do you explain "a fallen monument"?C. For what different reasons did the men and women go to Miss Emily' s funeral?答：A. From William Faulkner' s "A Rose for Emily."B. Emily is regarded as the symbol of tradition and the old way of life. Thus her death is like the falling of a monument.C. The men went to her funeral through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, and the women out of curiosity to see the inside of her house.III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your an. swers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. What are the major themes of Wordsworth' s poetry?答：A. Wordsworth wrote poems about nature. He is regarded as a "worshipper of nature".B. He wrote about common life. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes.C. He also wrote about the past. Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past.46. In what way is Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift a significant work?答：A. Gulliver' s Travels, Jonathan' s best fictional work, is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life - socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound.B. Gulliver's Travels is also an artistic masterpiece. Here we find its author at his best as a master of prose. Clear, simple, concrete diction, uncomplicated sentence structure, economy and conciseness of language mark this writing.C. In structure, the four parts make an organic whole, with each contrived upon an independent structure, and yet complementing the others and contributing to the central concern of study of human nature and life.47. Emily Dickinson' s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. What is her poetic style?答：A. Her poems have no titles. In her poetry there is a particular stress pattern, in which dashes are used as a musical device to create cadence and capital letters as a means of emphasis.B. The form of her poetry is more or less like that of the hymns. Her sentence structure is irregular or inverted. However, her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity, directness and plainness.C. Her poems are usually short, and many of them are centered on a single image or symbol and focused on one subject matter. She frequently uses personae and personification. Her poetry is remarkable for its variety, subtlety and richness, and shows the limitless power of creativity and imagination.48. Nathaniel Hawthorne' s view of man and human history originates, to a great extent, in Puritanism. What are the effects of Puritanism on Hawthorne?答：A. Hawthorne had Puritan ancestors and he believed that "the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones," and often wondered if he might have inherited some of their guilt. This sensibility led to his understanding of evil being at the very core of human life, which is the typical of the Calvinistic belief that human beings are depraved and corrupted, hence, they should obey God to atone for their sins.B. Hawthorne is attracted in every way to the Puritan world, even though he condemns its less human manifestations. On the one hand, it provides him with a subject, and on the other, with the Puritan world or society as a historical background, he discusses some of the most important issues that concern the moral life of man and human history.IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Briefly discuss George Bemard Shaw' s dramatic achievement in terms of the major subjects and features of his plays.答：A. George Bernard Shaw was considered the leading playwright of the 20th century. His early plays were mainly concerned with social problems and directed towards the criticism of the contemporary social, economic, moral and religious evils. Shaw wrote quite a few history plays, in which he kept an eye on the contemporary society. Shaw also produced several plays, exploring his idea of "life Force" Besides, Shaw wrote plays on miscellaneous subjects.B. Structurally and thematically, Shaw followed the great traditions of realism. One feature of Shaw' s characterization is that he makes the trick of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another.C. Shaw' s plays have plots, but they do not work by plots. The plot is usually the disregarded backbone to one long, unbroken conversation. It is the vitality of the talk that takes primacy over mere story. Action is reduced to a minimum, while the dialogue and the interplay of the mindsof the characters maintain the interest of the audience. The forward motion consists not in the unrolling of plot but in the operation of the spirit of discourse.50. Briefly discuss F. Scott Fitzgerald' s theme of bankruptcy of the American dream, focusing on his masterpiece The Great Gatsby.答：A. Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fiction to deal with the bankruptcy of the American Dream, which is highlighted by the disillusionment of the protagonists' personal dreams due to the clashes between their romantic vision of life and the sordid reality.B. In The Great Gatsby, the loss of an ideal and the disillusionment are exploited fully in the personal tragedy of a young man whose "incorruptible dream" is "smashed into pieces by the relentless reality."C. Gatsby is a mystical figure whose intensity of dream partakes of a state of mind that embodies America itself; Gatsby is the last of the romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment takes him in search of his personal grail; Gatsby' s failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream.。

2020年8月英美文学选读真题答案答案与解析一、单项选择题：1.D 萧伯纳是戏剧评论家也是剧作家。

2.B T.S.Eliot 使用诗体戏剧，著名的是《教堂里的谋杀案》。

3.A D.H Lawrence 在《侵犯者》一书中描写了人与人丧失了温暖。

4.C T.S.Eliot 晚期两本重要的诗作是“Ash Wednesday &Four Quartets”.5.B G.B.Shaw 在《医生的进退两难》中描写一个无知、无能、自大的医学教授。

6.D Charles Dickens 第一个描写的少年英雄的 Oliver Twist。

7.A Charlotte Bronte 的第一部小说是《教授》。

8.C Thomas Hardy 被熟知的“人物与环境为纲”-novels of character andenvironment.9.D Thomas Hardy“The Mayor of Casterbridge”Henchard 是个守旧派的自负古董。

10.B Charles Dickens 在“Great Expectations”呈现了社会环境对人的迫害。

11.B Charlotte Bronte 在布鲁塞尔爱上了一位教授。

12.A wrence 在《彩虹》中描写了社会的腐败。

13.A Jane Austen在“Persuasion”中将真爱与精打细算做了对比。

14.C P.B.Shelley在18岁的时候写了《无神论的重要性》，被逐出学校。

15.D William Wordsworth的诗歌“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”最能体现他思想核心。

16.C Jane Austen的小说主题是爱情与婚姻，她的态度是Practical idealism。

17.C 《序曲》是William Wordsworth的名篇。

18.B William Blake 在“Songs of Experience”中呈现悲伤的语气。

应用必背单元Chapter 1 The Ren aissa nee Period (2)Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period (6)Chapter3 The Romantic Period. (9)Chapter 4 The Victorian Period (14)Chapter 5 The Modern Period (18)Chapter 1 The Renaissance Period1. 文艺复兴的主要作家及其作品1) Edmund Spenser: The Faerie Queene2) Christopher Marlowe: Dr Faustus Tamburlaine3) William Shakespeare: Henry IV; The Merchant of Venice; Hamlet; Othello;King Lear; Macbeth; Romeo and Juliet.4) John Donne: The Songs and Sonnets; The Sun Rising; Death, Be Not Proud5) John Milton: Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonisttes2. 文艺复兴The Renaissanceis a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.3. 人文主义Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissanceon its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.4. 玄学诗The term “metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet's beloved, with God, or with himself.5. 莎士比亚的诗歌的主题、意向Shakespeare, as a humanist of the time, is against religious persecution and racial discrimination, against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold andmoney. In his plays, he does not hesitate to describe the cruelty and anti-natural character of the civil wars, but he did not go all the way against the feudal rule. Shakespeare is against religious persecution and racial discrimination, against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold and money.Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.A. Shakespeare's views on literature:Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. Shakespearealso states that literary works which have truly reflected nature and reality can reach immortality.B. The characteristics of Shakespear'se characters:Shakespear'es major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types. Each character has his or her own personalities; meanwhile, they may share features with others.C. The characteristics of Shakespear'se plot:Shakespear'es plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plots; instead, he borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources.D. The characteristics of Shakespear'se language:It is necessary to study the subtlest of his instruments—the language. Shakespearecan write skillfully in different poetic form, like the sonnet, the blank verse, and the rhymed couplet. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader.3. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：Shakespear'es greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole action. Each hero has his weakness of nature. With the concentration on the tragic hero, we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and the evil force in the society, which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense. Hamlet the melancholic scholar; Othello 's inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old King Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth 's lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.4. 邓恩诗歌的主题、意向<The Songs and Sonnets>. Love is the basic theme. Donne holds that thenature of love is the union of soul and body. The perfection of human lovers will not be made with souls alone. This thought is quite contrary to the medieval love idea which merely put stress on spiritual love. Donne's interest lies in dramatizing and illustrating the state of being in love.5. 戏剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析In his romantic comedies, Shakespearetakes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play. The most important play among the comedies is The Merchant of Venice. The sophistication derives in part from the play between high, outgoing romance and dark forces of negativity and hate. The traditional theme of this play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.Compared with the idealism of other plays, The Merchant of Venice takes a step forward in its realistic presentation of human nature and human conflict. Though there is a ridiculous touch on the part of the characters restrained by their limitations, Shakespeare's youthful Renaissance spirit of jollity can be fully seen in contrast to the medieval emphasis on future life in the next world.6. 哈姆雷特的性格分析Hamlet has none of the single-minded blood lust of the earlier revenger. It is not because he is incapable of action, but because the cast of his mind is so speculative, so questioning, and so contemplative that action, when it finally comes, seems almost like defeat, diminishing rather than adding to the stature of the here. Trapped in a night mare world of spying, testing and plotting, and apparently bearing the intolerable burden of the duty to revenge his father's death, Hamlet is obliged to inhabit a shadow world, to live suspendedbetween fact and fiction, language and action. His life is one of constant role-playing, examining the nature of action only to deny its possibility, for he is too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger.The hero Hamlet in Shakespeare's play Hamlet is noted for his hesitation to take his revenge, his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anything. He came to know that his father was murdered by his uncle who became king. He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him. But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle, and he was afraid to hurt his mother. And also, when everything was ready for him to kill his uncle, he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime. Thus he lost the good chance. Hamlet represented humanism of his time.7. 诗歌《失乐园》的结构、人物性格、语言特点的分析Working through the tradition of a Christian humanism, Milton wrote Paradise Lost, intending to expose the ways of Satan and to“justify the ways of God to men.”At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Milton 's fundamental concern with freedom and choice; the freedom to submit to God's prohibition on eating the apple and the choice of disobedience made for love.Eve, seduced by Satan's rhetoric and her own confused ambition-as well as the mere prompting of hunger- falls into sin through innocent credulity. Adam falls by consciously choosing human love rather than obeying God. In the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanity. But man's fall is the sequel to another and more stupendous tragedy, the fall of the angels.The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton 's creed. His poem attempts to convince us that the unquestionable truth of Biblical revelation means that an all-knowing God was just in allowing Adam and Eve to be tempted and, of their free will, to choose sin and its inevitable punishment. And, thereby, it opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of evil.Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period1. 新古典时期的作家及其作品1) John Bunyan ：<The Pilgrim's Progress>2) Alexander Pope：<An Essay on Criticism> <The Dunciad> <The Rape of theLock> <An Essay on Man>3) Daniel Defoe：<Robinson Crusoe>4) Jonathan Swift ：<A Tale of a Tub> <The Battle of the Books> <The Drapier'sLetters> <Gulliver's Travels> <A Modest Proposal>5) Henry Fielding：<The History of Jonathan Wild the Great> <The History ofTom Jones a Foundling> <The History of Amelia>6) Samuel Johnson：<To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chester field>7) Richard Brinsley Sheridan：<The School for Scandal>8) Thomas Gray ：<Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard>2. 启蒙运动The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. They seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings. Thus a polite, elegant, witty, and intellectual art developed.3. 新古典主义In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to neoclassical period, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers(Homer etc) and those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.4. 英雄双行诗Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible; Poetry should be lyrical 抒情的)，epical(叙事诗的,英雄的,有重大历史意义的)，didactic, satiric or dramatic, andeach class should be guided by its own principles; Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets(iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time,space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be represented.5. 英国现实主义小说The modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. Thus —the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century —is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution and a symbol of the growing importance and strength of the English middle class.6. 《天国历程》中“名利场”的寓意The Pilgrim's Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English Ianguage. Its purpose is to urge people to abide（遵守，坚持）by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. It is not only about something spiritual but also bears much relevance to the time. Its predominant metaphor（r寓意，隐喻）—life as a journey—is simple and familiar.7. 蒲伯的文学（诗歌）批评观点及其诗歌特色An Essay on Criticism, the poem, as a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism, exert great influence upon Pope's contemporary writers in advocating the classical rules and popularizing the neoclassicist tradition in England. The whole poem is written in a plain style, hardly containing any imagery or eloquence and therefore makes easy reading. Pope satirized all sorts of false learning and pedantry in literature, philosophy, science and other branches of knowledge.8. 鲁滨逊漂流记的特点The all-powerful influence of material circumstances or social environment upon the thoughts and actions of the hero or the heroine is highlighted. The struggle of the poor unfortunate for mere existence, mixed with their desire for great wealth, comes into conflict with the social environment which prevents them from obtaining the goal under normal circumstances and thus forces them into criminal actions or bold adventures.In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor.Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile naturalenvironment. He is the very prototype（n雏形，范例，原型）of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. In describing Robinson's life on the island, Defoe glorifies（v 赞美，美化）human labor and the Puritan（W青教徒）fortitude（n 刚/坚毅，不屈不挠）,which save Robinson from despair and are a source of pride and happiness9. 《格列佛游记》的社会讽刺As a whole, the book is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life-socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound.The exaggerated smallness in Part1 works just as effectively as the exaggerated largeness in Part 2. the similarities between human beings and the Lilliputians and the contrast between the Brobdingnagians and human beings both bear reference to the possibilities of human state. Part 3, though seemingly a bit random, furthers the criticism of the western civilization and deals with different malpractices and false illusions about science philosophy, history and even immortality. The last part, where comparison is made through both similarities and differences, leads the reader to fundamental question: What on earth is a human bein、g10. 菲尔丁“散文体史诗Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose". He adopted" the third—person narration," in which the author becomes the "al—l knowing God." He "thinks the thought " of all his characters, so he is able to present not only their external behaviours but also the internal workings of their minds. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.11. 格雷诗歌的主题与意象It is more or less或多或少）conn ected with the mela ncholy eve nt of death of Richard West, Gray's intimate friend. In this poem, Gray reflects on death, the sorrows of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. The poet compares the common folk with the great ones, wondering what the commons could have achieved if they had had the chance. Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown, but mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc（n/v 破坏，混舌L ） on them.His poems, as a whole, are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life, past and present. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form. His style is sophisticated and allusive. His poems are often marked with the trait （n 特征，特点）of a highly artificial diction and a distorted word order.Chapter3 The Romantic Period1. 浪漫主义时期的作家及其作品1) William Blake: Songs of Experience Songs of Innocence2) Marriage of Heaven and Hell3) William Wordsworth: The Prelude Composed upon Westminster Bridge4) Lyrical Ballads I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud5) The Solitary Reaper6) Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Kubla Khan The Rime of the Ancient Mariner7) George Gordon Byron: Don Juan Childe Harold ' s Pilgrimage8) Song for the Ludites9) Percy Bysshe Shelley: To a Skylark Men of England10) Ode to the West Wind11) John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale Ode on a Grecian Urn12) Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice2. 浪漫主义Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. In essenceit designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. It also places the individual at center of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes, and valuing its accuracy in portraying the individual 's experiences.3. 浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析A. In poetry writing, the romanticists employed new theories and innovated newtechniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school.B. The romanticists not only extol the faculty off imagination, but also elevate theconcepts of spontaneity and inspiration.C. They regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominantsubject.D. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic.4. 浪漫主义(所选作品)的主题、意象分析A. To Wordsworth, nature acts as a substitute for imaginative and intellectual engagement with the development of embodied human beings in their diverse circumstances. It's nature that gives him“strength and knowledge full of peace.Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor.B. Byron puts into Don Juan his rich knowledge of the world and the wisdom gained from experience. It presents brilliant pictures of life in its various stages of love, joy, suffering, hatred and fear. The unifying principle in Don Juan is the basic ironic theme of appearanceand reality, ie. what things seem to be and what they actually are. Byron's satire on the English society in the later part of the poem can be compared with Pope's; and his satire is much less personal than that of Pope's, for Byron is here attacking not a personal enemy but the whole hypocritical society. And the diverse materials and the clash of emotions gathered in the poem are harmonized by Byron's insight into the difference between life's appearance and its actuality.5. a. The Romantic MovementIt expressed a more or less negative attitude towards the existing social & political conditions that came with industrialization & the growing importance of the bourgeoisie. The Romantics felt that the existing society denied people theiressential human needs, so they demonstrated a strong reaction against thedominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers & philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state & emphasized the special qualities of each individual's mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer.b. The Gothic novelIt is a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century & was one phase of the Romantic movement, its principal elements are violence, horror & the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader's emotion. With its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human nature, the Gothic form has exerted a great influence over the writer of the Romantic period. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) by Ann Radcliffe & Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.(2) Characteristics of Romantic literature in English history.The Romantic period is an age of poetry Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley & Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth & Coleridge were the major representativesof this movement. They explored new theories & innovated new techniques in poetry writing. They saw poetry as a healing energy: they believed that poetry could purify both individual souls & the society. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also stress the concept of spontaneity & inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.Wordsworth is the closest to nature.To escape from a world that had became excessively rational, as well as excessively materialistic & ugly, the Romantics would turn to other times & places, where thequalities they valued could be convincingly depicted. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets & dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules who tended to glorify Rome & rational Italian & French neoclassical art as superior to the native traditions. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules. They would turn to the humble people & their everyday life for subjects, Romantic writers are always seeking for the Absolute, the Ideal through the transcendenceof the actual. They have also made bold experiments in poetic language, versification & design, & constructed a variety of forms on original principles of structure & style.6. 小说《傲慢与偏见》的主题和主要人物的性格分析Austen's main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal significance. She is particularly preoccupied with the relationship between men & women in love. Stories of love & marriage provide the major themes in all her novels.1) Structure, characterization & language styleThe structure of the novel is exquisitely deft, the characterization in the highest degree memorable, while the irony has a radiant shrewdness unmatched elsewhere. At the heart of the novelist's exploration of the marriage, property & intrigue lies the exhilarating suspense of the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy, & Jane Austen's delicate probing of the values of the gentry. The moments of high comedy in the novel are always related to deeper issues. Elizabeth's rejection of the odious Mr. Collins suggests her independence & self-esteem, but when Collins is accepted by her friend Charlotte Lucas, we see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to a void the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood. Conversely, in the elopement of Lydia & Wickham, we are shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money. The comic characters in Pride & Prejudice are: Mr. & Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins & that monstrous snob Lady Catherine de Burgh, who make us laugh even as they parody erroneous views of marriage & class.5. 应用Characteristics of Jane Austen's novels1) Austen's novels describe a narrow range of society & events: a quiet, prosperous, middle class circle in provincial surroundings, which she knew well from her own experience2) Her subject matter is also limited, for most of her novels deal with the subject of getting married, which was in fact the central problem for the young leisure-class lady of that age, who had no other choice in her life but to find a good husband.3) Austen's interest was in human nature; in her depiction of human nature, instead of being fascinated by great waves of elevated emotion, by passion or heroic experience, she focused on the trivial & petty details of everyday living, which became very interesting through her truthful & lively description.4) Austen's novels are brightened by their witty conversation & omnipresent humor. Her language shines with an exquisite touch of lively gracefulness, elegant & refined, but never showy.6. 简奥斯丁对英国文学的伟大贡献：A ．Jane Austen is one of the most important Romantic novelists in Englishliterature. She creates six influential novels.B．Her main literary concern is about human beings in their personalrelationships. She makes trivial daily life as important as the concerns abouthuman belief career and salient social events. This is what makes her important in English literature.C．Jane Austen has brought the English novel, as an art of for, to its maturity becauseof her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior and heraccurate portrayal of human individuals.D．She describes the world from a woman's point of view, and depicts a group of authentic and common women.7. Wordsworth 的写作风格1) The Lyrical Ballads differs in marked ways from his early poetry, notablythe uncompromising simplicity of much of the language, the strongsympathy not merely with the poor in general but with particular,dramatized examples of them, and the fusion of natural description withexpressions of inward states of mind.2) According to subjects, Wordsworth's short poems can be classified intotwo groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.3) To Wordsworth, nature acts as a substitute for imaginative and intellectualengagement with the development of embodied human beings in theirdiverse circumstances. I'ts nature that gives him“strength and knowledgefull of peace.4) Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest.The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathyalways goes to the suffering poor.5) Wordsworth's deliberate simplicity ad refusal to decorate the truth ofexperience produced a kind of pure and profound poetry which no otherpoet has ever equaled.8. Romantic poets 与Romantic Age 的不同处：The poetic ideals announced by Words worth and Coleridge provided a major inspiration for the brilliant young writers who made p the second generation of English Romantic poets. Wordsworth and Coleridge both became more conservative politically after the democratic idealism. The second generation of Romantic poets are revolutionary in thinking. They set themselves against the bourgeois society and the ruling class.9. Songs of innocence 与Songs of ExperieneeA. Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy andinnocent world, though not without its evils.B. Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, disease, warand repression with melancholy tone.C. The two books hold the similar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis andconclusion differ.Chapter 4 The Victorian Period1. 维多利亚时期的主要作家与作品1) Charles Dicke ns: Oliver Twist; The Pickwick Paper; David Copper field.;Dombey and Son; A Tale of Two Cities; Bleak House; Hard Times; GreatExpectation; Our Mutual Friend.2) Emily Bronte: Wutheri ng Heights.Charlotte Bron te: Jane Eyre3) Alfred Tennyson: Ulysses; In Memoriam; Break, Break, Break;Dora; Crossing the Bar; Morte d' Arthur; The Gardener's Daughter; ThePrin cess4) Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book; My Last Duchess5) George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss: Middlemarch: Daniel Deron da; Romola6) Thomas Hardy: Under the Greenwood Tree; Far From the MaddingCrowd: The Return of the Native; The Mayor of Casterbridge: Tess of theD 'Urbervilles1. 宪章运动The worse ning liv ing and work ing con diti ons, the mass un employme nt fin ally gave rise to the Chartist Moveme nt. The En glish workers got themselves orga ni zed in big cities and brought forth the People's charter, in which they demanded basic rights and better living and working conditions. They, for three times, made appeals to the gover nment, with hun dreds of thousa nds of people's sig natures. The moveme nt swept over most of the cities in the country. Although the movement declined to an end in 1848, it did bring some improvement to the welfare of the working class. This was the first mass movement of the English working class & the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people.2. 功利主义Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happ in ess. This theory held a special appeal to the middle-class in dustrialists, whose greed drove them to exploit ing workers to the utmost and brought greater sufferi ng and poverty to the work ing mass.3. 批判现实主义The Victorian Age is an age of realism rather than of romanticism-a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseases as they are. To be true to life becomes the first requirement for literary writing. As the mirror of truth, literature has come very close to daily life, reflecting its practical problems and interests and is used as。

A. the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureB. the vast expansion of British colonies in North America C ．the new discoveries in geography and astrology D ．the religious reformation and the economic expansion10.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance humanism? A. Cultivation of the art of this world and this life. B. Tolerance of human foibles.C. Search for the genuine flavor of ancient culture.D. Glorification of religious faith.11. The Renaissance marks a transition from ______ to the modern world.A. the old EnglishB. the medievalC. the feudalistD. the capitalist 12.The English Renaissance period was an age of ______ .A. poetry and dramaB. drama and novelC. novel and poetryD. romance and poetry 13.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is______.A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism 14．______ is the essence of the Renaissance.A ．PoetryB ．DramaC ．HumanismD ．Reason 15. About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true? A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without any freedom and independence.C. They couldn’t see the human values in th eir works.D. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. 16. One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is_____.A. the flourishing of the dramaB. the popularity of the realistic novelC. the domination of the classical poetryD. the close-down of all the theatres 17. _____ is known as the poets’ poet.A. SpenserB. MarloweC. MiltonD. Shakespeare18. Marlowe’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the _____and made it the principal medium of English drama.A. blank verseB. free verseC. heroic coupletD. sonnet 19. Which of the following descriptions of Gothic Novels is NOT correct? A. It predominated in the early eighteenth century.年级 班级 准考证号 姓名B. It was one phase of the Romantic movement.C. Its principal elements are violence, horror and the supernatural.D. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho and Frankenstein are typical Gothic romance.20. “Byronic hero” is a figure of the following traits EXCEPT ______.A. being proudB. being of humble originC. being rebelliousD. being mysterious21. Robert Browning created ______ by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters.A. the verse novelB. the blank verseC. the heroic coupletD. the dramatic poetry22. Charles Dickens' novel ______ is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in thenineteenth- century London.A. The Pickwick PaperB. Oliver TwistC. David CopperfieldD. Nicholas Nickleby23. Charlotte Bronte's works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards ______ about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life.A. self - relianceB. self - realizationC. self - esteemD. self - consciousness24. The symbolic meaning of “Book” in Robert Browning's long poem The Ring and the Book is ______. A. the common sense B. the hard truth C. the comprehensive knowledge D. the dead truth25. Thomas Hardy's pessimistic view of life predominated most of his later works and earns him a reputation as a ______writer.A. realisticB. naturalisticC. romanticD. stylistic26. After the First World War, there appeared the following literary trends of modernism EXCEPT_____.A. expressionismB. surrealismC. stream of consciousnessD. black humour27. The masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century are the three trilogies of ______.A. Galsworthy's Forsyte novelsB. Hardy' s Wessex novelsC. Greene's Catholic novelsD. Woolf's stream-of-consciousness novels28. In the mid-1950s and early 1960s, there appeared “______” who demonstrated a particular disillu sion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest. against the outmoded social and political values in their society.A. The Beat GenerationB. The Lost GenerationC. The Angry Young MenD. Black Mountain Poets29.The following are English stream-of-consciousness novels EXCEPT ______.A.PilgrimageB. UlyssesC.Mrs.DallowayD. A Passage to Inida30. The leader of the Irish National Theater Movement in the early 20th century was ______.A. W.B.Yeats B. Lady GregoryC. J.M.SyngeD. John Galworthy31. T.S.Eliot's most popular verse play is ______.A. Murder in the CathedralB. The Cocktail PartyC. The Family ReunionD. The Waste Land32.The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by ______.A. SurreyB. WyattC. SidneyD. Shakespeare33. As the best of Shakespeare's final romances,______ is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years.A. The TempestB. The Winter's TaleC. CymbelineD. The Rape of Lucrece34. John Milton's greatest poetical work ______ is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literarure sinceBeowulf.A. AreopagiticaB. Paradise LostC. LycidasD. Samson Agonistes35. The British bourgeois or middle class believed in the following notions EXCEPT ______.A. self - esteemB. self - relianceC. self - restraintD. hard work36. Byron’s masterpieces is ________.A. Hours of idlenessB. The Prisoner of ChillonC. ManfredD. Don Juan37. The best model of satire in the whole English literary history is Jonathan Swift's ______.A. A Modest ProposalB. A Tale of a TubC. Gulliver's TravelsD. The Battle of the Books38. As a representative of the Enlightenment,______ was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.A. John BunyanB. Daniel DefoeC. Alexander PopeD. Jonathan Swift39. For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel,______ has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel”.A. Daniel DefoeB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD. Samuel Richardson40. In Renaissance, the European humanist thinkers made attempts to do the following EXCEPT ______.A. getting rid of those old feudalist ideasB. getting control of the parliament and governmentC. introducing new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisieD. recovering the purity of the early church, from the corruption of the Roman Catholic ChurchII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in thecorresponding space on the answer sheet.41. Wherefore feed and clothe and saveFrom the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who wouldDrain your sweat- nay, drink your blood?Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in Line 2?C. Whom does “drones” refer to?42. The following quotation is from one of the poems by T. S. Eliot:No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be;Am an attendant lord, one that will doTo swell a progress, start a scene or twoAdvise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,Deferential, glad to be of use, Politic, cautious, and meticulous,Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse;Questions:A. Identify the title of the poem from which the quoted part is taken.B. Who's the speaker of the quoted lines?C. What does the first line show about the speaker?43. When my motherdied I was very young,And my father sold me while yet my tongueCould scarcelycry " 'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!"So yourchimneys I sweep, in soot I sleep.Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. From which poem and which collection of the poet are these lines taken?C. What does the poet describe in the poem?44. In his first splendour valley, rock, or hill;Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. What does “mighty heart” refer to?C. What moment is the poem trying to describe?III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. What is the difference between Romanticism and Neoclassicism?46. What are the fixed laws and rule on literature of the Neoclassical Period?47. What is Renaissance hero?48. What is the theme of Daniel Defoe’s work Robinson Crusoe?IV. Brief discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Give a brief discussion to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. 49. Briefly discuss “William Shakespeare's artistic achievements in characterization, plot construction and language”.50. List at least two leading neoclassicists in England. What did Neoclassicists celebrate in literarycreation?答案：I.选择题(每小题1分，计40分)1-5 CBDAB 6-10 CBBBD 11-15 BAACD 20. AAAAB21-25ABBBB 26-30 DACDA 31-35 ABABB 36-40 DACBBII.阅读题（每小题4分，计16分）41. A. A Song: Men of England, Shelley （1分）B. Metonymy （1分）C. the male of the honey-bees that do not work, referring here to the parasiticclass in human society. （2分）42. A. The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock（1分）B. The speaker is Prufrock. （1分）C. neurotic, self-important, illogical and incapable of action. （2分）43. A. William Blake（1分）B. The Chimney Sweeper（1分）C. This poem describes the miserable life the little sweeper. （2分）44. A. William Worthwords（1分）B. London（1分）C. The quiet morning in London（2分）III.问答题（每小题6，计24分）45. Romanticism is associated with vitality, powerful emotion and dreamlikeideas.(3分)Neoclassicism is associated with order, common sense and controlled reason.(3分)46. A. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. (2分)B. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each classshould be guided by its own principles. (2分)C. Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets. (2分)47. A Renaissance hero refers to one created by Christopher Marlowe in his drama. (2分)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely thechallenge from both gods and men. (2分)He embodies Marlowe's humanistic ides of human dignity and capacity. (2分)48. (1) h is marvelous capacity for work; (2分)(2) his boundless energy and persistence in overcoming obstacles;(2分)(3) his hard struggle against nature and making all bend to his will.(2分)49. A. The Neoclassicism period was an important age with the remarkable authorsPope, Defoe, etc. (2分)B. 1) The Neoclassical period is about 1660-1798, also known as "the Age of Enlightenment" or "theage of Reason". (2分)2)In essence, the Neoclassical Period was a progressive intellectual movement. (2分)3)The Enlighteners believed in self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work; They celebratedreason/rationality, equality and science. They advocated universal education, which could makepeople rational and prefect, they believed. (2分)4)In literature, The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the ancientGreek and Roman classical works; the works at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing; having fixed laws and rules for every type of the literature; among which prose and the modern English novel predominated the age. (2分)50. A. Characterization:a. Shakespeare's major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones;they areindividuals representing certain types. Each character has his or her own personalities. (2分)b. By applying a psycho-analytical approach, Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters'inner mind. c. Shakespeare also prtrays his characters in pairs. Contrasts are frequently used tobring vividness to his characters. (2分)B. Construction:a. Shakespeare's plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. He borrows them fromsome old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources. (2分)b. He would shorten the time and intensify the story. There are usually several threads runningthrough the play.(2分)C. Language and style:Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation. Disguise is also an important device to createdramatic irony, usually with woman disguised as man. (2分)。

《英美文学选读》（课程代码：00604）I.The following passage is an extract from Letter to Lord Chesterfield by Samuel Johnson, the leading figure of British neoclassicists. In 1747, when Samuel Johnson, began his Dictionary of the English language, Lord Chesterfield had at first indicated that he could be his patron, but when Johnson came to him for concrete help, Lord Chesterfield neglected him to the point of ignoring him; Johnson was insulted and furious. In 1775 when the Dictionary was published and acclaimed, Chesterfield openly recommended, hoping to get some credit for it as Johnson’s patron. Samuel Johnson wrote as reply his famous Letter to Lord Chesterfield in which he vented his feeling of hurt pride. Read it carefully, paying special attention to the rhetorical devices used, and answer the question. (20 points)①Is not patron, my lord, one who looked with unconcernupon man struggling for a life in the water, and when he hadreached to the safety of ground, encumbered him with help?②The notice you have taken of my Labour, had it beenearly, had been kind, but it had been delayed till I amindifferent, and can’t enjoy it; till I am solitary, and can’timpart it; till I am known, and do not want it. ③I hope thatit is no very asperity not to confess obligation where nobenefit have been received, or to be unwilling that thePublic should consider me as owing that to a patron, whichProvidence had enabled me to do for myself.Question:⑴what syntactic devices the author used in sentence ? And whatare their stylistic functions? (10 points)⑵point out the figure of speech used in sentences①and ③. (10 points)II. The following critical paper is about George Bernard Shaw’s famous drama “Pygmalion”. Read it carefully and answer the questions set on it. (20 points) 1 What we discover in Pygmalion is that phonetics and correct pronunciation are systems of markers superficial in themselves but endowed with tremendous social significance. Eliza's education in the ways that the English upper classes act and speak provides an opportunity for the playwright to explore the very foundations of social equality and inequality. Higgins himself observes that pronunciation is the deepest gulf that separates class from class and soul from soul. Playwright and character differ, however, in that instead of criticizing the existence of this gulf, Higgins accepts it as natural and uses his skills to help those who can afford his services (or are taken in as experiments, like Liza) to bridge it.2“At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learnto appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “an impression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.”3 Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment.At first, Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly returnto flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to makeher new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?”She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Wheream I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” Berst wrote that while Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved intothe wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnighthas tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Lizamust break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapableof recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well withinhis character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, fromhis first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social oreven individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing anddisgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. Question 1: Explain what is Liza’s Double Transformation?(10 points)Question 2: What makes Liza feel she is in an embarrassing situation when she is transformed into a lady in speechand appearance? (10 points)III.The following critical essay is about Thomas Hardy’s most well-known tragic novel “Tess of d’Urbervilles”. Peruse it and then answer the questions set on it (30 points)The social background of Tess of d’Urbervilles was in a time of difficult social upheaval, when England was making its slow, painful transition from an old-fashioned, agricultural nation to amodern, industrial one. Businessmen and entrepreneurs, or “new money,” joined the ranks of the social elite, as some families of the ancient aristocracy, or “old money,” faded into obscurit y. Tess’s family in Tess of the d’Urbervilles illustrates this change, as Tess’s parents, the Durbeyfields, lose themselves in the fantasy of belonging to an ancient and aristocratic family, the d’Urbervilles.Hardy’s novel strongly suggests that such a f amily history is not only meaningless but also utterly undesirable. Hardy’s views on the subject were appalling to conservative and status-conscious British readers and Tess of the d’Urberville s was met in England with widespread controversy. Beyond her social symbolism, Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.Angel represents a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodness A freethinking son born into the family of a provincial parson and determined to set himself up as a farmer instead of going to Cambridge like his conformist brothers,. He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,” as he tells his father in Chapter XVIII, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical young nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and improved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. His love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his disdain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charisma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays. As his name—in French, close to “Bright Angel”—suggests, Angel is not quite of this world, but floats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. The narrator says that Angel shines rather than burns and that he is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron.His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s easygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after hisfailure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life.Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of “fallen humanity”?(15 points)Question 2: Why Tess converted the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in terms of her own tragedy? (15 points)IV.The following paragraphs are taken from chapter VIII ofbook IV in Gulliver’s Travels. This section pictures an ideal rational existence, the Houyhnhnms kingdom whose life is governed by sense and moderation of which philosopherssince Plato have long dreamed. Read them and answer thefollowing questions. (30 points)1Courtship, love, presents, jointures, settlements haveno place in their thoughts, or terms whereby to expressthem in their language. The young couple meet,and are joined, merely because it is the determinationof their parents and friends; it is what they see doneevery day, and they look upon it as one of the necessaryactions of a reasonable being.2 But the violation of marriage, or any other unchastity,was never heard of; and the married pair pass their liveswith the same friendship and mutual benevolence, thatthey bear to all others of the same species who come intheir way, without jealousy, fondness, quarrelling, ordiscontent. When the matron Houyhnhnms have produced one of each sex, they no longer accompany with their consorts, except they lose one of their issue by some casualty, which very seldom happens; but in such a case they meet again; or when the like accident befalls a person whose wife is past bearing, some other couple bestow on him one of their own colts, and then go together again until the mother is pregnant. This caution is necessary, to prevent the country from being overburdened with numbers. But the race of inferior Houyhnhnms, bred up to be servants, is not so strictly limited upon this article: these are allowed to produce three of each sex, to be domestics in the noble families3 Every fourth year, at the vernal equinox, there is arepresentative council of the whole nation, which meets in a plain about twenty miles from our house, and continues about five or six days. Here they inquire into the state and condition of the several districts; whether they abound or be deficient in hay or oats, or cows, or Yahoos; and wherever there is any want (which is but seldom) it is immediately supplied by unanimous consent and contribution. Here likewise the regulation of children is settled: as for instance, ifa Houyhnhnm has two males, he changes one of them withanother that has two females; and when a child has been lost by any casualty, where the mother is past breeding, it is determined what family in the district shall breed another to supply the loss.Question1.The satire in this work is seen entirely in a discrepancybetween Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. (15points)Question2. In what ways does the author satirize the rationalism ofHouyhnhnms society, for example, the rational idea onmarriage, and the family-planning? (15 points)《英美文学选读》试卷参考答案I. 【20分】Answer:The author used repetition and parallelism to make this satirical prose daintier and more repugnant in tone. This piece of prose is typical of neoclassical prose which set great store by elegance of the language which was achieved by way of rhetorical richness. 【10分】The author used sarcasm in these two sentences to openly deny Lord Chesterfield’s patronage and attack his insolent and blatant behavior. The sarcasm made in a circumlocutious way renders this satirical prose more taunting and bitter. 【10分】II【20分】Question 1: What is Liza’s Double Transformation?Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. “At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learn to appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “animpression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.” Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment. 【10分】Question 2:What is Liza’s Predicament?Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly return to flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to make her new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?” She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” While Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved into the wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnight has tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Liza must break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapable of recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well within his character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, from his first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social or even individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. 【10分】III.【30分】Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of fallen humanity?Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves. 【15分】Question 2: Discuss why Tess changes the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in a tragic way?Angel is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron. His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’sideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s eas ygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after his failure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life. 【15分】IV【30分】Question1. This work is called a satire which is seen entirely in a discrepancy between Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. 【15分】There are echoes of Plato’s Republic in the Houyhnhnms’rejection of light entertainment and vain displays of luxury, their appeal to reason rather than any holy writings as the criterion for proper action, and their communal approach to family planning.The Gulliver’s Travels is a book of subtle satire. The satire comes mainly from the discrepancy between Gulliver who is fitted out as the archetypal man of the enlightenment movement, susceptible to rationalism of 18th century. Swift on the other hand is very critical of his time, especially its rational thinking. Whereas Gulliver takes Houyhnhnm society as ideal utopia one, the author finds its rationality totally intolerable.Question2.In what ways does the author satirize the rational Houyhnhnms society, for example, the rational ideal on marriage, and the family-planning? 【15分】Paragons of virtue and rationality, the horses are also dull, simple, and lifeless. Their language is impoverished, their mating loveless, and their understanding of the complex play of social forces naïve. What is missing in the horses is exactly that which makes human life rich: the complicated interplay of selfishness, altruism, love, hate, and all other emotions. In other words, the Houyhnhnms’ society is perfect for Houyhnhnms, but it is hopeless for humans. Houyhnhnm society is, in stark contrast to the societies of the first three voyages, devoid of all that is human.But we may be less ready than Gulliver to take the Houyhnhnms as ideals of human existence. They have no names in the narrative nor any need for names, since they are virtually interchangeable, with little individual identity. Their lives seem harmonious and happy, although quite lacking in vigor, challenge, and excitement. Indeed, this apparent ease may be why Swift chooses to makethem horses rather than human types like every other group in the novel. He may be hinting, to those more insightful than Gulliver, that the Houyhnhnms should not be considered human ideals at all. In any case, they symbolize a standard of rational existence to be either espoused or rejected by both Gulliver and us.。

08年7月高等教育自学考试《英美文学选读》试题课程代码：00604请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答)PART ONE(40 POINTS)I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all，1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Of all the eighteenth—century British novelists ______ was the first to set out，both in theory and practice，to write specially a “comic epic in prose”，the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. Thomas GrayB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Jonathan SwiftD. Henry Fielding2. The poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”established ______ as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day，especially “the Graveyard School”.A. Thomas GrayB. Samuel JohnsonC. John BunyanD. John Milton3. “Do you think, because I am poor，obscure，plain，and little，I am soulless and heartless... And if God had gifted me with some beauty，and much wealth，I should have made it as hard for you to leave me. as it is now for me to leave you. ”The quoted part is taken from______.A. Great ExpectationsB. Wuthering HeightsC. Jane EyreD. Pride and Prejudice4. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are all the following EXCEPT ______.A. Francis BaconB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. BenJonson5. George Bernard Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession is about______.A. slum landlordismB. the economic oppression of womenC. the political corruption in EnglandD. the religious corruption in England6. All of the following statements can correctly describe the Enlightenment Movement EXCEPT ______.A. The movement flourished in France.B. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance.C. The purpose of the movement was to enlighten the whole world.D. The purpose of the movement was to enhance the religious education.7. Among the three major poetical works by John Milton ______ is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.A. Samson AgonistesB. Paradise LostC. Paradise RegainedD. Areopagitica8. The major British Romantic poets Blake，Wordsworth，Coleridge，Byron，Shelley and Keats started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature，which was later regarded as _____.A. the poetic romanceB. the poetic movementC. the poetic revolutionD. the poetic reformation9. Jane Austen’s main literary concern is about ______.A. human beings in their personal relationshipsB. the love story between the rich and the poorC. maturity achieved through the loss of illusionsD. the daily country life of the upper-middle-class English10. Among the following British Romantic poets ______ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. George Gordon ByronD. John Keats11. Jonathan Swift’s greatest satiric work is ______.A. A Tale of a TubB. The Battle of BooksC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. “A Modest Proposal’’12. Among the following writers ______ is considered to be the best —known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar WildeB. John GalsworthyC. W. B. YeatsD. George Bernard Shaw13. As a representative of the Enlightenment，______ was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.A. Francis BaconB. Alexander PopeC. Thomas GrayD. T. S. Eliot14. All of the following poets are regarded as “Lake Poets”EXCEPT ______.A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. William Blake15. “To be, or not to be —that is the question；／whether’tis nobler in the mind to suffer，／the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,／Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, ／And by opposing end them”The quoted lines are taken from ______.A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD. Hamlet16. Daniel Defoe describes ______ as a typical English middle —class man of the eighteenth century，the very prototype of the empire builder，the pioneer colonist．A. Robinson CrusoeB. Moll FlandersC. GulliverD. Tom Jones17. The declaration that “I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vision，”and that “The Nature of my work is visionaryor imaginative’’belongs to ______.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor Coleridge D．George Gordon Byron18. Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques，writers in the Victorian Period shared one thing in common，that is，they were all concerned about ______．A. the fate of the upper classB. the reformation of the governmentC. the fate of the common peopleD. the future of their family clans19. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind’’The quoted line comes from ______.A. Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind’’B. Walt Whitman’s Leaves of GrassC. John Milton’s Paradise Lost D．John Keats’“Ode on a Grecian Urn”20. Among the following figures ______ is Dickens’first child hero.A．Little Nell B．David CopperfieldC．Oliver Twist D．Little Dorrit21. In the play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde，the upper —class people are described all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. corruptB. snobbishC. hypocriticalD. ambitious22. In Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent ______ touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. nostalgic 乡愁的B. humorousC. romantic23. “Life is but a losing battle, it is a struggle man can dominate in such a way that loss becomes dignity；man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.”This notion is typically held by ______．A. Mark TwainB. Ezra PoundC. William FaulknerD. Ernest Hemingway24. The literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is ______.A. Henry JamesB. Robert FrostC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. William Faulkner25．North of Boston is described by the author，Robert Frost，as “a book of people，’’which shows a brilliant insight into ______ character and the background that formed it．A. the cowboyB. New EnglandC. Ivy ColleagueD. ivory tower26．People generally regarded ______ as the forerunner of the 20th —century “stream- of-consciousness”novels and the founder of psychological realism.A. Theodore DreiserB. William FaulknerC. Henry James D．Mark Twain27. According to ______, “There is evil in every human heart，which may remain latent，perhaps，through the whole life；but circumstances may rouse it to activity．”A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Edgar Ellen PoeC. William Faulkner D．Theodore Dreiser28. Hemingway once described _____ the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.”A. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. The Adventures of Tom SawyerC. The Gilded AgeD. Innocents Abroad29. What Walt Whitman prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is “______，”that is，poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme．A. fixed verseB. free verseC. fixed endingD. free ending30. By writing _______ Melville reached the most flourishing stage of his literary creativity.A. TypeeB. OmooC. MardiD. Moby-Dick31. Shortly before his death in 1945，______ joined the CommunistParty.A. Theodore DreiserB. Mark TwainC. Henry JamesD. Ezra Pound32. Naturalism is evolved from ______ when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.A. RomanticismB. ModernismC. RealismD. Scientism33. One of the most familiar themes in American naturalism is the theme of human ______.A. peacefulnessB. joyfulnessC. bestiality兽性D. civilization34. Hawthorne’s view of man and human history originated，to a great extent，from ______.A. TranscendentalismB. PuritanismC. HumanismD. Expressionism35. In general, the American woman poet _____ wanted to live simply as a complete independent being，and so she did，as a spinster 老姑娘.A. Anne BretB. Emily DickinsonC. Anna DickinsonD. Emily Shaw36. Theodore Dreiser’s ______ found expression in almost everybook he wrote in which “kill or to be killed”was the law.A. romanticismB. naturalismC. cubismD. classicalism37. William Faulkner creates his own mythical kingdom that mirrors not only the decline of the ______ society but also the spiritual wasteland of the whole American society.A. southernB. northernC. westernD. eastern38. Almost every book written by Hawthorne discusses _____，which reflects his unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart”of man’s being.A. sin and evilB. 1ove and hatredC. frustration and self - denialD. balance and self - discipline39. A preoccupation with the ______ view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne，Melville and a host of lesser writers.A. optimisticB. CalvinisticC. PlatonicD. Socratic40. The American ______ as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values in the American Romantic period.A. Puritanism B．Atheism无神论C. Deism 自然神论D. Cynicism冷嘲热讽的PART TWO(60 POINTS)II. Reading Comprehension(16 points in all，4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English．Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet．41. “The fiver glideth at his own sweet will：Dear God! the very houses seem asleep；And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(from William Wordsworth’s “Composed upon Westminster Bridge”)Questions：A. What figure of speech is used in the quoted linesB. What does “that mighty heart’’refer toC. What does the poem decribe42. “When the stars threw down their spears,And water’d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to seeDid he who made the Lamb make thee”Questions：A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are takenB. Whom does the “he’’refer toC. What does the “Lamb”symbolize43. “My tongue，every atom of my blood，form’d from this soil，this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same，and theirparents the same，I，now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin，Hoping to cease not till death”Questions：A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B. What do “soil”and “air”represent in the first lineC. What does the poet try to say in the above four lines44. “I cannot rub the strangeness from my sightI got from looking through a pane of glassI skimmed this morning from the drinking troughAnd held against the world of hoary grass.”Questions：A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B. What does the word “strangeness’’refer toC. What do the quoted lines implyIII．Questions and Answers(24 points in all，6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English．Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet．45. As a leading Romanticist，Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”．Briefly explain the literary term “Byronic Hero’’.46. TheWaste Land is T．S．Eliot’s most important single poem．Try to state the theme and the significance of the poem briefly.47．What is the most famous theme in Henry James’s fictionAnd what is his favourite approach in characterization，which makes him different from Mark Twain and W as a realist Give two titles of his first period works in which this theme and this approach are employed.48. As a leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement”，what principles does Ezra Pound endorseIV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all，10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.49. Discuss Charles Dickens’art of fiction：the setting，the character —portrayal，the language，etc．，based on his novel Oliver Twist．50. Greatly and permanently affected by the war experiences, Hemingway formed his own writing style，together with his theme andhero. Please discuss Hemingway’s writing style in relation to his novels you have read.。

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PART ONE (40 POINTS)L Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that bett answers the qaestion or completes the slatemciit 1 .The tragic sense turns into despair in Thomas Hardy's 一 ■ where the protagonists have to kill their own willand passion and return to their former destructive way of life. A.The Return of the Native B. The Mayor cfCasterhrid^ C Tess of D 'UHrvUhsD. Me the Obscun2. William Shakespeare wrote ___________________ history plays in the first period of his dramatic career.A, 3B. 4C5D ・ 63. Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by____________________ •A ・ Cluistopher MarlowB ・ John Milton C. William ShakespeareD. Ben Johnson4. The typical representatives of G ・ B. Shaw's early plays areA- Man and Superman; The Apple Cart B. Widower § House \ Mrs.ir ProfessiwtC. Candida; Hiirren i fmfessionD ・ The Apple Cart\ Widower > House5・ The person who can penetrate to the heart of things and Qve the readers the very life of nature is ・A ・ William Wordsworth C. Daniel Defoe2. 3. 4.B. John MiltonD ・ William Shakespeare英美文学选读试卷第2页（共7页）6. In whidi novel can the word **Yahoo*' be found?A.John Bunyan's Pilgrim i Progress.B ・ Edmund Spencer's The Faerie Queen.C Jonathan Swift's Gulliver 、ThrvebD. Henry Fielding's Tom Jones,7. T. S, Eliot won the Nobel Prize ofLiterature in•A.1935B ・ 194SC. 1962D. 1976g. Which of the following is NOT true in terms of Pride emd Prejudice?A. It is the most popular of Jane Austen's novels.B. It is originally drafted as **First Impressions**.C.hisa tragic novel.D ・ It explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits.9・ Thomas Hardy's pessimistic view of li/e predominates most of his later wwks and eanu him a reputation as a_______________________________ writer.A. roalisticB. naturalisticC. romantic 10- Shelley's greatest achievement is hts four-act poetic drama _A. HellasB. Prometheus UrAaundC. ZastmzziD. Queen Mab11 ・ The novel Emma is written by __________________ •A. Mary ShelleyB. Charione Bronte C- ElizabethC. GaskellD, Jane Austen12. As a critic of music and drama, _____________________ t hou^t that art should serve social purposes byreflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people. A-T, S- EliotB ・ Oscar WildeC George Bernard ShawD. W, B. Yeats13- The poetic line **If winter comes, can spring be 仙 behind 厂 is quoted from _________________•A. Don JuanB. Kubla KhanC. Jb AutumnD. Ode to the Wind14. Which of the following novels is NOT wrinen by Dickens?A, A Tale cfTwo Cifies. B. The MiH wi the C> The Pickwick Papers.D ・ Great Expectations, 15. Williafn Blake's ________________ marks bis entry into maturity.A- Poetical SketchesB. Songs of InnocenceC. Marriage of Heaven and HellD.ofExperience16. Henry Fielding's ________________ brings him the name of" Prose Homef*.A, Tht Histcry "Jonathan Wild the Gnat B. Th^ History tjfTbm Jona, a Fctmdhng C. The History cf AmeliaD. The History of Joseph Afutrews愿考试酊均可作卯圾C 为《£代码涂《。

2006年4月英美文学选读试卷月英美文学选读试卷 I. Multiple choice (40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choke, of each item the one that be I. "Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing a (n) ________ man'. The sentence quoted from Bacon' s Of Studies. A intelligent B. exact C. thrifty D. eloquent 2. Though John Donne' s poems poems were were were not not not well well well accepted accepted accepted in in in his his his life life life time, time, time, the the the early early early 2Oth 2Oth 2Oth century century century saw saw saw a a renewed interest in him and ether poets. A. sentimental B. rational C. metaphysical D. neoclassical 3. 3. in in of of Gulliver' Gulliver' Gulliver' s s s Travels, Travels, Travels, Jonathan Jonathan Jonathan Swift Swift Swift satirizes satirizes satirizes the the the western western western civilization civilization civilization including including including false false illusions about science, philosophy, history and even immortality. A. the flint voyage to Lilliput B. the second voyage to Brobdingnag C. the third voyage to the Flying Island D. the fourth voyage to Houyhnhnm land 4. As a realist dramatist, George Bernard Shaw is contented with social, economic, moral and religious problems in his works. The general mood he expresed in his plays is A. indignation B. satisfaction C. optimism D. pessimism 5. Christian, Faithful and Pliable are. the literary figures in _________. A. Daniel Defoe's Moll Flanders B. John Bunyan's The Pilgrim' s Progress C. Richard Brinsley Sheridan's The School for Scandal D. Jonathan Swift' s Gulliver" s Travels 6. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, And all that beauty. all that wealth e'er gave, Awaits alike the inevitable hour. The paths of glory lead but to the grave. " This stanza is quoted from _________ A. John Milton's Paradise Lost B. Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene C. Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard D. John Keats' s Ode on a Grecian Urn 7. In Thomas Hardy's works, the conflict between the old and the modem is very pervasive. ills attitud toward those, traditional characters is A. contempt B. sympathetic C. indifferent D. interested 8. "Do you think, because I am poor. obscure, plain, and little,! am soulless and heartless? ---You thin wrong! wrong! I I I have have have as as as much much much soul soul soul as as as you-and you-and you-and full full full as as as much much much heart!---"This heart!---"This heart!---"This part part part of of of quotation quotation quotation comes comes comes from from ________. A. G . B. Shaw' s Mrs. Warren' s Profession B. John Galsworthy' s The Man of Property C. Charlotte Bronte' s Jane Eyre D. Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice 9. 9. In In In the the the late late late nineteenth nineteenth nineteenth century, century, century, modernism modernism modernism flourished flourished flourished in in in English English English literature. literature. literature. Unlike Unlike Unlike modern modern modern poets poets poets and and novelists, modem dramatists A. showed no only satirical attitude toward bourgeois also, but also optimistic emotion toward life B. did not make so many innovations in techniques and forum C. inherited the romantic fuzziness and self- indulged emotionalism D. took the. irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho - analysis as its theoretical 10. Relationships don' t seem to turn out overly well in Wuthering Heights. Which couple finally sets the happy ending? A. Union and Cathy B. Heathcliff and Catherine C. Hareton and Cathy D. Edgar and Catherine 11. "The depth and passion of its earnest glance, But to myself they turned(since none puts by The curtain I have drawn for you ,but I).-." This part is quoted from Robert Browning' s "My Last Duchess. "Here "you" refers to A. Fra Pandolf B. readers C. the Duke D. the emissary 12. in subject matter, William Words worth' s poems have two major concerns. One is about nature. Th other is about ______ A. French Revolution B. literary theory C. death D. common life of ordinary people 13. Through the character of Elizabeth, Jane Austen emphasizes the. importance of for women, A. marriage B. physical attractiveness C. independence and self-confidence D. submissive character 14. Alexander Pope is well known for the style of biting mire,. His best satiric work is _________. A. An Essay on Criticism B. The C. An Essay on Man D. The Rape of the Lock 15. is is a a a natural natural natural means means means of of of writing writing writing in in in revealing revealing revealing the the the prince' prince' prince' s s s inner inner inner conflict conflict conflict and and and psychological psychological predicament in Shakespeare' s Hamlet. A. Dialogue B. Soliloquy C. Dramatic monologue D. Satire 16. The hem of one of his main works is an Israel's mighty champion, blind, alone, and fighting again his thoughtless enemies. This hero's experience is in close resemblance to the poet himself. The poet" name is _________. A. John Milton B. John Bunyan C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 17. The major theme of Jane Austen's novels is love and marriage. Which of the following is not a coup that appeared in Pride and Prejudice? A. Catherine and Heathcliff B. Lydia and Wickham C. Jane and Binley D. Charlotte and Collins 18. The sentence "three or four families in a country village are the very thing to work on" can best ref the writer' s personal knowledge and range of writing. This writer is _________. A. Walter .Scott B. Thomas Hardy C. Jane Eyre D. Jane Austen 19. The flint mass movement of the English working class was ,which signified the awakening of the poor oppressed people. A. Enlightenment Movement B. Enclosure Movement C. Chartist Movement D. Romantic Movement 20. 20. In In , , James James James Joyce Joyce Joyce intended intended intended to to to record record record the the the four four four aspects aspects aspects of of of the the the moral moral moral history history history of of of his his his country country country , , namely childhood ,adolescence ,maturity and public life. A. Dubliners B. Ulysses C. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man D. Finnegans Wake 21. In Sons and Lovers,D. H. Lawrence. presented Paul as a(n) man and artist. A. independent B. ambitious C. strong-willed D. sensitive 22. T.S. Eliot' s early poems are marked by __ in comparison to his later ones. A. a philosophical and emotional calm B. a set of historical, cultural and religious themes C. a dreamy quality, expressing melancholy and serf- indulgent feelings D. a mood of disillusionment and the sufferings of modem people 23. Being a period of the great flowering of the American literature, the Romantic period is also called ". A. the American Enlightenment B. the American Renaissance, C. the American Optimistic Movement D. the American literary Revolution 24. The desire for an escape from and a return to __ became a permanent convention of the American literature. A. the outside...the family life B. the family life...the outside C. nature-.-society D. society...nature 25. is worth the honor of being "the American Goldsmith" for his literary craftsmanship. A. Walt Whitman B. Nathaniel Hawthorne C. Washington Irving D. Ralph Waldo Emerson 26. Emerson rejected both the formal religion of the churches and the Deistic philosophy; instead he based his religion on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity, which he called the " " A. over - soul B. super - man C. godly man D. intuition 27. Most people consider an unofficial manifesto for the " Transcendental Club". A. Nature B. Self-Reliance C. The American Scholar D. The Dial 28. 28. The The The Birthmark Birthmark Birthmark drives drives drives home home home symbolically symbolically symbolically Hawthorne' Hawthorne' Hawthorne' s s s point point point that" that" "is "is man" man" man" s s s birthmark, birthmark, something he is born with. A. goodness B. gratefulness C. evil D. bitterness 29. believed be had turned the poem into an open field, an area of vital possibility where th reader could allow his own imagination to play. A. Whitman B. Paine C. Pound D. Longfellow 30. 30. "Cavalry "Cavalry "Cavalry Crossing Crossing Crossing a a a Ford" Ford" Ford" by by by Whitman Whitman Whitman reminds reminds reminds its its its readers readers readers of of of a a a picture, picture, picture, or or or a a a photo, photo, photo, of of of a a a scene scene scene of of ________. A. the American War of Independence B. the Westward Movement C. the U.S. -Spanish War D. the American Civil War 31. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Indian Camp by Hemingway? A. A young Indian woman had been trying to have her baby for two days. B. Nick' s father delivered this woman of a baby by Caesarian section, with a jack knife and withoanesthesia. C. Nick witnessed the violence of both birth and death in the Indian camp. D. This woman's husband was murdered while she was in labor. 32. Which me of the following statements about Hawthorne' s The Scarlet Letter is true? _______. A. Hawthorne intended to tell a love story in this novel. B. Hawthorne intended to tell a story of sin in this novel. C. C. Hawthorne Hawthorne Hawthorne intended intended intended to to to reveal reveal reveal the the the human human human psyche psyche psyche after after after they they they sinned, sinned, sinned, so so so as as as to to to show show show people people people the the tension between society and individuals. D. Hawthorne focused his attention on consequences of the sin on the people in general ,so as t call the readers back to the conventional Puritan way of living. 33. is is a a a great great great literary literary literary giant giant giant of of of America, America, America, whom whom whom Mencken Mencken Mencken considered considered considered "the "the "the true true true father father father of of of our our national literature. " A. Theodore Dreiser B. Bret Harte C. Mark Twain D.W.D. Howells 34. The childhood of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in the Mississippi is a record of a vanished way of in the Mississippi valley and it has moved millions of people of different ages and conditions all over the world. A. early 16th century B. late 16th century C. post - Civil War D. pre - Civil War 35. In 1915 became a naturalized British citizen, largely in protest against America's failure to join England in the First World War. A. T.S. Eliot B. Henry James C. W. D. Howells D. George Eliot 36. Perhaps Dickinson's Dickinson's greatest greatest greatest rendering of rendering of the the moment moment moment of of is is to to be be found found found in in "I "I heard heard heard a a a fly fly buzz--when I died--" ,a poem universally considered one. of her masterpieces. A. enthusiasm B. death C. crisis D. fantasy 37. Allen Ginsberg, whose " Howl" became the manifesto of A. the Westward Movement B. the Utopian Movement C. the Beat Movement D. the Deistic Movement 38. When the World War n broke out, began working for the Italian government, engaged in some radio broadcasts of anti - Semitism and pro - Fascism. A. Pound B.T.S. Eliot C. Henry James D. Frost 39. 39. Frost' Frost' Frost' s s s first first first collection collection collection A A A boy" boy" boy" s s s Will, Will, Will, whose whose whose lyrics lyrics lyrics trace trace trace a a a boy' boy' boy' s s s development development development from from from self self self centered centered idealism to maturity, is ~ by an intense but restrained emotion and the characteristic flavor of A. New England life B. England life C. the, Southern American life D. the Western American life 40. Most critics have agreed that __ is both an insider and an outsider of the Jazz Age with a double vision. A. Fitzgerald B. Frost C. Cummings D. Hemingway PART TWO (60 POINTS) II. Reading comprehension ( 16 points, 4 for each) Read the quoted parts carefully and 8mswer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. 41. "Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander' st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. " Questions: A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this part is taken. B. What does the word "this" in the last line refer to? C. What idea do the quoted lines express? 42. " North Richmond Street , being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers' School set the boys fr An uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind end, detached from its , neighbours in a squa ground. The other houses of the street, conscious of decent lives within them, gazed at one another wit brown imperturbable faces. " Questions: A. Identify the author and the title of the story from which this part is taken. B. What figure of speech is used in this passage? C. What tone does the quoted passage set for the whole story? 43."I shall he telling this with a nigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made the difference. " Questions: A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which the quoted lines are taken. B. What additional meaning do the two roads have? C. What dilemma is the speaker facing? 44. "….Only Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores. " Questions: A. Identify the author and the title of the story from which the quoted lines are taken. B. What is the meaning d "an eyesore among eyesores"? C. What does this quoted passage indicate? Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each) Give Give brief brief brief Answers Answers Answers to to to each each each at at at the the the following following following questions questions questions in in in English. English. English. Write Write Write your your your answers answers answers in in in the the corresponding since on the answer sheet. 45. Novum Orgamum, along with other works, won the author the honor" Father of modem science. " What is the name of the author? What is the main concern of this work? Why is the work so important for the development of modem science? 46. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge' s Lyrical Ballads. Why is Lyrical Ballads considered the milestone to mark the beginning of English Romanticism? 47. Whitman is one of the representative poets in America. He employs brand -new means in his poetry. What are the features of his poetry? 48. Mark Twain and Henry James are two representatives of the realistic writers in American literature,How is Twain' s realism different from Janms' s realism? IV IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in sill, I0 for each) . Topic Discussion(20 points in sill, I0 for each) Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the Corresponding space on t answer sheet. 49. Under the influence of the leading romantic thinkers like Kant and the Post - Kantians, Romanticist demonstrated demonstrated a a a strong strong strong reaction reaction reaction against against against the the the dominant dominant dominant modes modes modes of of of thinking thinking thinking of of of the the the 18th 18th century' century' s s Neo Neo - - classicists. classicists. Discuss, Discuss, Discuss, in in in relation relation relation to to to the the the works works works you you you know, know, know, the the the difference difference difference between between between Romanticism Romanticism Romanticism and and and Neo- Neo- classicism. 50. 50. Symbolism Symbolism Symbolism is is is an an an important important important literary literary literary practice practice practice in in in literature literature literature and and and it it it has has has been been been widely widely widely used used used by by by many many American writers. Discuss the way symbolism is used in Melville' s Moby Dick. 。

美国浪漫主义时期 (2)美国现实主义时期 (7)美国现代时期 (11)PART TWO: AMERICAN LITERATURE美国浪漫主义时期1.主要作家及其作品：i.Washington Irving:The Sketch Book; Rip V an Winkle;The Legend of Sleepy Hollowii.Ralph Waldo Emerson:Essays; The American Scholar; Self-Reliance;The Over-Soul; The Poet; Experience; Nature iii.Nathaniel Hawthorne:Mosses from an Old Manse; The Scarlet Letter;The Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales;The House of the Seven Gables;The Blithedale Romance;The Marble Fauniv.Walt Whitman:Leaves of Grass; There was a Child Went Forth;Drum Taps; Cavalry Crossing a Ford; Song of Myself;When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’dv.Herman Melville:Moby-Dick; Billy Budd; Typee; Omoo;Mardi; Redburn; White Jacket.2.清教主义Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. As the word itself hints，Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship，and organization of authority. American Puritans，like their brothers back in England，were idealists，believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination，original sin and total depravity，and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America，they became more and more practical，as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. As a culture heritage，the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become，to some extent，so much a state of mind，so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere，rather than a set of tenets.3.超验主义Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively，or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech，"Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and，therefore，self-re1iant. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold，rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation ，the innate goodness of man，and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths.4.象征主义5.自由诗Whitman is also radically innovative in terms of the form of his poetry. He adopted "free verse，" that is，poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. A looser and more open-ended syntactical structure is frequently favored. Lines and sentences of different lengths are left lying side by side just as things are，undisturbed and separate. There are few compound sentences to draw objects and experiences into a system of hierarchy. Whitman was the first American to use free verse extensively. By means of "free verse，" Whitman turned the poem into an open field，an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.6.爱默生的超验主义思想及他的自然观In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of the over-soul, the importance of the Individual, and Nature. Emerson rejected both the formal religion of the churches and the Deistic philosophy. Emerson and other Transcendentalists believed that there should be an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal ―over-soul,‖ since the over-soul is an all-pervading power from which all things come from and of which all are a part. Emerson is affirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly. The ideal individual should be a self-reliant man.. he means to convince people that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himself are infinite. Emerson’s nature is emblematic of the spiritual world, alive with God’s overwhelming presence; hence, it exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human mind. ―God back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.‖ By employing nature as a big symbol of the Spirit, or God, or the over-soul. Emerson has brought the Puritan Legacy of symbolism to its perfection. 7.《小伙子布朗》中的寓言和象征In ―Y oung Goodman Brown,‖ Hawthorne set out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. The story illustrates Hawthorne's allegorical theme ofhuman evil. In the manner of its concern with guilt and evil，it exemplifies what Milville called the" power of blackness" in Hawthorne's work. In "Y oung Goodman " he sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. "Evil is the nature of mankind." Its hero，a naive young man who accepts both society in general and his fellow men as individuals worth his regard，is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night，and becomes thereafter distrustful and doubtful.Allegorically，our protagonist，becomes an Everyman named Brown，a "young man" who will be aged in one night by an adventure that makes everyone in this world a fallen idol.However, The story is manipulated in such a way that we as readers feel that Hawthorne poses the question of Good and Evil in man but withholds his answer，and he does not permit himself to determine whether the events of the night of trial are real or the mere figment of a dream.8.霍桑的清教思想和他人性本恶的观点As we can see, Hawthorne’s literary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one possible to imagine. This has much to do with his ―black‖ vision of life and human beings. According to Hawthorne, ―There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity. One source of evil that Hawthorne is concerned most is overreaching intellect, which usually refers to someone who is too proud, too sure of himself. He believed that ―the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones,‖ and often wondered if he might have inherited some of their guilt. This sensibility led to his understanding of evil being at the very core of human life., which is typical of the Calvinistic belief that human beings are basically depraved and corrupted, hence, they should obey God to atone for their sins.9.麦尔维尔长篇小说《白鲸》的象征意义Moby-Dick is not merely a whaling tale or sea adventure，it is also a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe，a spiritual exploration into man's deep reality and psychology.Like Hawthorne，Melville is a master of allegory and symbolism. He uses allegory and symbolism in Moby-Dick to present its mighty theme. Instead of putting the battle between Ahab and the big whale into simple statements，he used symbols，that is，objects or persons who represent something else. Different people on board the ship are representations of different ideas and different social and ethnic groups；facts become symbols and incidents acquire universal meanings；the Pequod is the microcosm of human society and the voyage becomes a search for truth. The white whale，Moby Dick，symbolizes nature for Melville，for it is complex，unfathomable，malignant，and beautiful as well. For the character Ahab，however，the whale represents only evil. Moby Dick is like a wall，hiding some unknown，mysterious things behind. Ahab wills the whole crew on the Pequod to join him in the pursuit of the big whale so as to pierce the wall，to root out the evil，but only to be destroyed by evil，in this case，by his own consuming desire，his madness. For theauthor，as well as for the reader and Ishmael，the narrator，Moby Dick is still a mystery，an ultimate mystery of the universe，inscrutable and ambivalent，and the voyage of the mind will forever remain a search，not a discovery，of the truth. 10.惠特曼《草叶集》的结构(自由诗)、主题、语言特色1. The themes in Whitman's poetry：His poetry is filled with optimistic expectation and enthusiasm about new things and new epoch. Whitman believed that poetry could play a vita1 part in the process of creating a new nation. It could enab1e Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonia1 rule. And it could also help them understand their new status and to define themse1ves in the new wor1d of possibi1ities. Hence，the abundance of themes in his poetry voices freshness. He shows concern for the whole hard-working people and the burgeoning life of cities. Pursuit of love and happiness is approved of repeatedly and affectionately in his lines. Sexual 1ove，a rather taboo topic of the time，is displayed candidly as something adorable. The individual person and his desires must be respected.2.Leaves of GrassWalt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission，having devoted all his life to the creation of the "single" poem，Leaves of Grass.（1）the title ：It is significant that Whitman entitled his book Leaves of Grass . He said that where there is earth，where there is water，there is grass. Grass，the most common thing with the greatest vitality，is an image of the poet himself，a symbol of the then rising American nation and an embodiment of his ideals about democracy and freedom.（a）theme：In this giant work，openness，freedom，and above all，individua1ism（the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important）are all that concerned him. Whitman brings the hard-working farmers and laborers into American literature ，attack the slavery system and racial discrimination. In this book he also extols nature，democracy，labor and creation ，and sings of man's dignity and equality，and of the brightest future of mankind . Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-masse" and the self as well.（b）the poet's essentia1 purposeHis aim was nothing less than to express some new poetica1 feelings and to initiate a poetic tradition in which difference shou1d be recognized. The genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was，according to Whitman，to behave as a supreme individualist；however，the poet's essentia1 purpose was to identify his ego with the world，and more specifically with the democratic "en-masse" of America，which is established in the opening lines of "Song of Myself".3.Whitman's poetic style and languageTo dramatize the nature of these new poetical fee1ings，Whitman employed brand-new means in his poetry，which would first be discerned in his style and language.（1）Whitman's poetic style is marked，first of a1l，by the use of the poetic "I." Whitman becomes all those people in his poems and yet still remains "Walt Whitman"，hence a discovery of the self in the other with such an identification. In such a manner，Whitman invites his readers to participate in the process of sympathetic identification.（3）Whitman is conversational and casual，in the fluid，expansive，and unstructured style of talking. However，there is a strong sense of the poems being rhythmical. The reader can feel the rhythm of Whitman's thought and cadences of his feeling. Parallelism and phonetic recurrence at the beginning of the lines also contribute to the musicality of his poems.（4）Whitman's languageContrary to the rhetoric of traditional poetry，Whitman's is relatively simple and even rather crude. Most of the pictures he painted with words are honest，undistorted images of different aspects of America of the day. The particularity about these images is that they are unconventional in the way they break down the social division based on religion，gender，class，and race. One of the most often-used methods in Whitman's poems is to make colors and images fleet past the mind's eye of the reader. Another characteristic in Whitman's language is his strong tendency to use oral English. Whitman's vocabulary is amazing. He would use powerfu1，colorful，as well as rarely-used words，words of foreign origin and sometimes even wrong words.美国现实主义时期1.Mark Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer;The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County;Innocents Abroad; The Gilded Age2.Henry James: The American; Daisy Miller;The Europeans; The Portrait of A Lady;What Maisie Knows; The Wings of the Dove;The Ambassadors; The Golden Bowl; The Art to Fiction3.Emily Dickinson:4. Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie; American Tragedy1.What is Realism?In art and literature, Realism refers to an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures exactly as they act or appear in life. Realism emerged as a literary movement in Europe in the 1850s. In reaction to Romanticism, realistic writers should set down their observations impartially and objectively. They insisted on accurate documentation, sociological insight, and avoidance of poetic diction and idealization. The subjects were to be taken from everyday life, preferably from lower-class life. Realism entered American literature after the Civil War. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James were the pioneers of realism in the U.S.1.What is Naturalism? (or American Naturalism)In literature, the term refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man. The movement is an outgrowth of 19th –century scientic thought, following in general the biological determinism of Darwin’s theory, or the economic determinism of Karl Ma rx. American Naturalism is a more advanced stage of realism toward the close of the 19th century. The American naturalists accepted the more negative implications of Darwin’s theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were conceived as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces. And consciously or unconsciously the American naturalists followed the French novelist and theorist Emile Zola's c all that the 1iterary artist ―must operate with characters, passions, human and social data as the chemist and the physicist work on inert bodies, as the physiologist works on living bodies.‖ They chose their subjects from the lower ranks of society and portrayed the people who were demonstrably victims of society and nature. And one of the most familiar themes in American Naturalism is the theme of human ―bestiality‖, especially as an explanation of sexual desire.Artistically, naturalistic writings are usually unpo1ished in language, lacking in academic skills and unwieldly in structure. Philosophically, the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the eyes of the individual, or beyond his control. Devoid of rationality and caught in a process in which he is but a part, man cannot fully understand, let alone contro1, the world he lives in; hence, he is left with no freedom of choice.In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence. Notable writers of naturalistic fiction were Frank Norris, Sherwood Anderson, and Theodore Driser.2.The distinction between Realism and NaturalismNaturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.The distinction lies, first of all, in the fact that Realism is concerned directly with what is absorbed by the senses; Naturalism, a term more properly applied to literature, attempts to apply scientific theories to art. Second, Naturalism differs from Realism in adding an amoral attitude to the objective presentation of life. Naturalistic writers, adopting Darwin’s biological determinism and Marx’s economic determinism, regard human behavior as controlled by instinct, emotion, or social and economic conditions, and reject free will. Third, Naturalism had an outlook often bleaker than that of Realism, and it added a dimension of predetermined fate that rendered human will ultimately powerless.3.What is (Social) Darwinism?Social Darwinism is a belief that societies and individual human beings compete in a struggle for existence in which natural selection results in ―struggle of the fittest.‖ Social Darwinists base their beliefs on theories of evolution developed by British naturalist Charles Darwin. Social Darwinists typically deny that they advocate a ―law of jungle.‖ But most propose arguments that justify imbalances of power between individuals, races, and nations because they consider some more fit to survive than others. The theory had produced a big impact on Naturalism.马克吐温1.Twain as a local coloristTwain is also known as a local colorist, who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of his regions, including people living in that area, the landscape, and other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes and so on. Consequently, the rich material of his boyhood experience on the Mississippi became the endless resources for his fiction, and the Mississippivalley and the West became his major theme. Unlike James and Howe1ls, Mark Twain wrote about the lower-class people, because they were the people he knew sowe1l ancl their 1ife was the one he himself had lived. Moreover he successfully used local color and historical settings to i1lustrate and shed light on the contemporary societyAnother fact that made Twain unique is his magic power with language, his use of vernacular. His words are col1oquial, concrete and direct in effect, and his sentence structures are simp1e, even ungrammatical, which is typical of the spoken 1anguage. Mark Twain's humor is remarkable, too. It is fun to read Twain to begin with, for most of his works tend to be funny, containing some practical jokes, comic details, witty remarks, etc., and some of them are actually tall ta1es.(2) The novel’s theme, characterization of ―Huck‖ and the novel’s social significance: Theme: The novel is a vindication of what Mark Twain called ― the damned human race.‖ That is the theme of man’s inhuma nity to man---of human cruelty, hypocrisies, dishonesties, and moral corruptions. Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is best known for Mark Twain’s wonderful characterization of ―Huck,‖ a typical American boy whom its creator described as a boy with ―a sound heart and a deformed conscience,‖ and remarkable for the raft’s journey down the Mississippi river, which Twain used both realistically and symbolically to shape his book into an organic whole.Through the eyes of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed and at the same time we are deeply impressed by Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.黛西米勒的主题和主要人物的性格分析1.The theme of the novelDaisy Miller is one of James’s early works that dealt with the international theme, i.e., to set against a large international background, usual1y between Europe and America, and centered on the confrontation of the two different cu1tures with two different groups of peop1e representing two different value systems: American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence and the moral and psychological complications arising therefrom.In this novel, the ―Americanness ‖in Daisy is revealed by her relatively unreserved manners. Daisy Miller, a typical young American girl who goes to Europe and affronts her destiny. The unsophisticated girl is cruelly wronged because of the confrontation between the two value systems. Miller has ever since become the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World. However, innocence, the keynote of her character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures. In this novel James’s sympathy f or Daisy could be easily felt when we think of a tender flower crushed by the harsh winter in Rome.3.The content of this selection: Daisy has just arrived at Switzerland with her family and meets Winterborne for the first time. Two days later Daisy goes alone with Winterborne to an old castle, which is soon in the air among theby its narration from the point of view of the American youth Winterborne狄金森诗歌的主题结构及艺术特色The thematic concerns and the original artistic features of Dickinson's poetry: 1．Themes: Dicksinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. But within her litlle lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern the whole human include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature.2．Artistic features: Her poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. In her poetry there is a particular stress pattern, in which dashes are used as a musica1 device to create cadence and capital letters as a means of emphasis. Most of her poems borrow the repeated four-line, rhymed stanzas of traditional Christian hymns, with two lines of four-beat meter alternating with two lines of three-beat meter. A master of imagery that makes the spiritual materialize in surprising ways, Dickinson managed manifold variations within her simple form: She used imperfect rhymes, subtle breaks of rhythm, and idiosyncratic syntax and punctuation to create fascinating word puzzles, which have produced greatly divergent interpretations over the years. Dickinson’s irregular or sometimes inverted sentence structure also confuses readers. However, her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity, directness and plainness. Her poems are usually short, rarely more than twenty lines, and many of them are centered on a single image or symbo1 and focused on one subject matter. Due to her deliberate sec1usion, her poems tend to be very personal and meditative. She frequently uses personae to render the tone more familiar to the reader, and personification to vivify some abstract ideas. Dickinson's poetry, despite its ostensible formal simplicity, is remarkable for its variety, subtlety and richness; and her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.美国现代时期1.Ezra Pound: The Cantos; In a Station of the Metro.2.Robert Lee Frost: The Road Not Taken; Stopping by Woods on aSnowy Evening3.Eugene O’Neill: Beyond the Horizon; The Emperor Jones; The HairyApe;All God’s Chillun Got Wings; Desire under the Elms;Anna Christie; The Great God Brown; Lazarus Laughed;Strange Interlude; The Iceman Cometh;Long Day’s Journey Into Night.4. F Scott Fitzgerald: This Side of Paradise; The Beautiful andDamned;The Great Gatsby; Tender is the Night;Flappers and Philosophers; Tales of the Jazz Age;All the Sad Young Men; Taps at Reveille;Babylon Revisited.5.Ernest Hemingway: In Our Time; The Sun Also Rises;A farewell to Arms; For Whom the BellTolls;The Old Man and the Sea; Men Without Women.6.William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury; Light in August;Absalom, Absalom; Go Down, Moses;A Rose for Emily.1）The Imagist Movement and the artistic characteristics of imagist poems：Led by the American poet Ezra Pound，Imagist Movement is a poetic movement that flourished in the U.S. and England between 1909-1917. It advances modernism in arts which concentrates on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism，especially Tennyson's worldliness and high-flown language in poetry. Pound endorsed three main principles as guidelines for Imagism，including direct treatment of poetic subjects，elimination of merely ornamental or superfluous words，and rhythmical composition should be composed with the phrasing of music，not a metronome. The primary Imagist objective is to avoid rhetoric and moralizing，to stick closely to the object or experience being described，and to move fromexplicit generalization. The leading poets are Ezra Pound，Wallace Stevens，wrence，etc.products of the movement are more easily recognized than its theories defined；they tend to be short，composed of short lines of musical cadence rather than metrical regularity，to avoid abstraction，and to treat the image with a hard，clear precision rather than with overt symbolic intent. The influence of Japanese forms，tanka and haiku，is obvious in many. Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse and they like to emply common speech. They stressed the freedom 2）The Lost GenerationIt refers to，in general，the post-World WarⅠgeneration，but specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists，who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. The remark of Gertrude Stein，"You are all a lost generation，"addressed to Hemingway，was used as an epigraph to the latter's novel The Sun Also Rises，which brilliantly describes those expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in America in order to create new types of writing. The generation was "lost" in the sense that its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a U.S. that seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial，materialistic，and emotional barren. The term embraces Hemingway，F. Scott Fitzgerald，Ezra Pound，E.E.Cummings，and many other writers who made Paris the center of their 3）What is Expressionism？Expressionism is used to describe the works of art and literature in which the representation of reality is distorted to communicate an inner vision，transforming nature rather than imitating it. In literature it is often considered a revolt against realism and naturalism， a seeking to achieve a psychological or spiritual reality rather than to record external events.In drama，the expressionist work was characterized by a bizarre distortion of reality. Expressionist writers's concern was with general truths rather than with particular situations，explored in their plays the predicaments of representative symbolic types rather than of fully developed individualized characters. Emphasis was laid not on the outer world，which is merely sketched in and barely defined in place or time，but on the internal，on an individual's mental state；hence the imitation of life is replaced in Expressionist drama by the ecstatic evocation of states of mind. In America，Eugene O'Neille's Emperor Jones，The Hairy Ape，etc. are typical plays that employ Expressionism4）The concept of "wasteland" in relation to the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literatureThe Waste Land is a poem written by T.S.Eliot on the theme of the sterility and chaos of the contemporary world. This most widely known expression of the despair of the post-War era has appeared over and again in the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literature. Fitzgerald sought to portray a spiritual wasteland of the Jazz Age. Beneath the masks of relaxation and joviality，there was only sterility，meaninglessness and futility amid the grandeur and extravagance，there was a hint of decadence and moral decay. Hemingway，the leading spokesman of the Lost Generation，dramatized in his novels the sense of loss and despair among the post-war generation who are physically and psychologically scarred. Though disillusioned in the post-war period，he strove to bring about man's "grace under pressure" and tried to bring out the idea that man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually. William Faulkner exemplified T.S. Eliot's concept of modern society as a wasteland in a dramatic way. He created his own mythical kingdom that mirrored not only the decline of the Southern society but also the spiritual wasteland of the whole American society. He condemned the mechanized，industrialized society that has dehumanized man by forcing him to cultivate false values and decrease those essential human values such as courage，fortitude，honesty and goodness.弗洛斯特的自然诗2. Robert Lee Frost ，His nature poems：Robert Frost is mainly known for his poems concerning New England life. He learned from the tradition，especially the familiar conventions of nature poetry and of classical pastoral poetry，and made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression. A poem so conceived thus becomes a symbo1 or metaphor，a careful，loving exploration of reality，in Frost's version，"a momentary stay against confusion." Many of his poems are fragrant with natural quality. Images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from the rural world，the simple country 1ife and the pastoral 1andscape. However，profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the p1ain language and the simple form，for what Frost did is to take symbols from the limited human world and the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature，as well as its beauty，and the 1oneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully，which he practiced himself throughout his life.l. After Apple-PickingThis poem is so vivid a memory of experience on the farm in which the end of labor leaves the speaker with a sense of completion and fulfilment yet finds him blocked from success by winter's approach and physical wearinessStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening。

全国高等教育自学考试预测试题（三）英美文学选读试题（课程代码：00604）请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答)I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.1.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is____A.humanismB.realismC.naturalismD.skepticism2.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability” opens one of well-known essays by____A.Francis BaconB.Samuel JohnsonC.Alexander PopeD.Jonathan Swift3.William Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet,___,King Lear and ___.A.Romeo and Juliet/OthelloB.Othello/MacbethC.The TempestD.Othello/Henry Ⅳ4.＿＿＿complied the The Dictionary of the English Language, the first English dictionary complied by an Englishman.A.Ben JonsonB.Samuel JohnsonC.Alexander PopeD.John Donne5.The Solitary Reaper written by____use rual figures to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty.A.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB.William WordsworthC.John KeatsD.George Gordon Byron6.Best of all the well-known lyric pieces written by P.B Shelly is the poet’s____, here his rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to them.A.To a SkylarkB.The CloudC.Ode to the West WindD.Ode to a Nightingale7.The English Romantic Age began with with the publication of the Lyrical Ballads which was written by____A.William WordsworthB.Wordsworth and ColeridgeC.George Gorden ByronD.Percy Byshee Shelly8. “To be, or not to be----that is the question” is a line taken from____.A.HamletB.OthelloC.King LearD.The Merchant of Venice9.Thomas Hardy’s novels are all Victorian in date.Most of them are set in____, the fictional primitive and crude rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates.A.SussexB.WessexC.CasterbridgeD.Oxford10.In the novel Tess of the D’ Urbervilles, nturalistic tendency is also strong, in a way, Tess seems to be led to her final destruction step by step by___.A.NatureB.GodC.ManD.Fate11.Modernism takes the____philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and himself.A.irrationalB.classicalC.rationalD.optimistic12.The frank discussion of____in his novel Lady and Lady Chatterley’s Lover is the chief reason why D.H. Lawrence had been accused of pornographic writing.A.livingB.deathC.sexD.love13.Paul Morel is a character in the novel____.dy Chatterley’s LoverB.Sons and LoversC.Women in LoveD.The Rainbow14.____is the protagonist in A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong Man written by James Joyce, being also one of the major characters of the novelist’s Ulysses.A.Leopold BloomB.Maron Tweedy BloomC.Stephen DedalusD.Alfred Prufrock15.”If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line by____.A.John KeatsB.William BlakeC.William WordsworthD.P. B. Shelly16.In_____, Rober Forest compares life to a journey, and he is boubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference.A.Afer Apple-PickingB.The Road Not TakenC.Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningD.Fire and Ice17. Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Criticism is a didactic___________ .A. allegoryB. proseC. poemD. play18. Mark Twain’s first novel________ , written in collaboration with Charles D. Warner and published in 1873, though not an artistic success, gives its name to the America of the Post-Civil War period which it attempts to satirize.A. The Age of InnocenceB. The Roughing TimeC. The Jazz AgeD. The Gilded Age19._______ frequently applied conceits in his poems.A. DonneB. BlakeC. SpenserD. Thomas Gray20. In the following writings,______ has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.A. Essays by Francis BaconB. The Advancement of LearningC. Novum Organum by Francis BaconD. Of Studies by Francis Bacon21. Lycidas is a work of Milton written for ________ .A. his parentsB. his sisterC. his fellow undergraduateD. his teacher22. In the literary history of the United States, the Age of Realism refers to___________ .A. the period ranging from 1865 to 1914B. the period stretching from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil WarC. the period ranging from 1860 to 1914D. All the above are not true23. The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole galley of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely____________ .A. William Langland’s Piers PlowmanB. John Gower’s Confessio AmantisC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales24. Robert Browning’s style is___________ .A. identical with that of the other VictorianB. similar to that of TennysonC. perfectly artisticD. rough and disproportionate in appearance25．Thoreau was often alone in the woods or by the pond, lost in spiritual communication with_______.A. natureB. transcendentalist ideasC. human beingsD. celestial beings26．Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by__________.A. highly refined languageB. ordinary American speechC. short, clear sentences D．abundance of local image s27. In the long poem"The Ring and the Book", the" Book" is compared to________( )A. loveB. comprehensive knowledgeC. the hard truthD. the method of study28. Which of the following comments on William Blake is not true? ( )A. Childhood is central to Blake's concern in the songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.B. Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity.C. The Book of Loss is his masterpiece.D. Symbolism in wide range is a distinctive feature of his poetry.29. In the following descriptions of Gothic novel, which is not true? ( )A. Gothic novel was one phase of the Romantic movement.B. Gothic novel predominated in the eighteenth century..C. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural.D. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliff and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.30. Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and________ ( )A. The StoicB. The GiantC. The TycoonD. The Genius31. Which of the following has nothing to do with sea voyages and sea adventures ? ( )A. The Confidence-Man.B. Omoo.C. Moby-Dick.D. Typee.32. The believe that first, nature is ennobling; and second, the individual is divine describes______( )A. romanticistsB. stream-consciousness novelistsC. realistsD. transcendentalists33. All of the following are works by Nathaniel Hawthorne except________ ( )A. The House of the Seven GablesB. White JacketC. The Marble FaunD. The Blithedale Romance34. is the author of the writing “Ode to a Nightingale”.A. Herman MelvilleB. John KeatsC. Theodore DreiserD. Eugene O’Neill35. Which of the following writings is not completed by William Blake?A. Songs of Experience.B. Songs of Innocence.C. Marriage of Heaven and Hell.D. Emma.36. “Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to the door—I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother.”The two sentences are found in .A. The School for ScandalB. The RivalsC. The CriticD. The Scheming Literature37. Statements is not true in describing D. H. Lawrence.A. Sons and Lovers in his autobiographical novelB. The White Peacock is his first novelC. Sons and Lovers is his third novelD. The White Peacock established him as a prominent novelist38. Statement is not true in describing Gothic novel.A. Gothic novel is a type of romantic fiction.B. Gothic novel predominated in the early eighteenth century.C. Its principal elements are violence, horror and supernaturalD. The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliff is typical Gothic romance39. Which writing is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English?A. Samson AgonistesB. Paradise LostC. Paradise RegainedD. Beowulf40. About William Faulkner, in the following statements, which is not true?A. Most of Faulkner’s works are set in the American South, with his emphasis on the Southern subjects and consciousness.B．Almost all his heroes turn out to be tragic.C. Faulkner has always been regarded as man with great might of invention and experimentation.D. Indian Camp is Faulkner’s masterpiece.II. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41．“For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,they fl ash upon that inward eye”Questions:A．Identify the anthor and the title.B．What does the phrase “inward eye”mean?C．Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.42. The following quotation is from one of the poems by T. S. Eliot:No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be;Am an attendant lord, one that will doTo swell a progress, start a scene or twoAdvise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,Deferential, glad to be of use,Politic, cautious, and meticulous,Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse;Questions:A. Identify the title of the poem from which the quoted part is taken.B. Who's the speaker of the quoted lines?C. What does the first line show about the speaker?43.“The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the word“sleep”mean?C. What idea do the four lines express?44. “I cannot rub the strangeness f rom my sightI got from looking through a pane of glassI skimmed this morning from the drinking troughAnd held against the world of hoary grass.”Questions：A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B. What does the word “strangeness’’ refer to?C. What do the quoted lines imply?III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write youranswers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. As a leading Romanticist，Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”．Briefly explain the literary term “Byronic Hero’’.46. TheWaste Land is T．S．Eliot’s most important single poem．Try to state the theme and the significance of the poem briefly.47．“In your rocking-chair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone. In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel.”（from Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie）What idea can you draw from the “rocking-chair”?48．Why are naturalists inevitably pessimistic in their view?IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49．Daniel Defoe’s novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England.50. Greatly and permanently affected by the war experiences, Hemingway formed his own writing style，together with his theme and hero. Please discuss Hemingway’s writing style in relation to his novels you have read全国高等教育自学考试预测试题（三）英美文学选读试题参考答案（课程代码：00604）请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答)I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.1.A2.A3.B4.B5.B6.C7.B8.A9.B 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.A 20.A 21.C 22.A 23.D 24.D 25.A 26.A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. B 34.B 35.D 36.A 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.DII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. A. Wordsworth; I wondered lonely as a cloudB. human soulC. The poet expressed his love for the daffodils.42.A.It’s taken from “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”.B.The speaker of the quoted lines is Prufrock.C.The first line shows the speaker’s incapability of facing up to love and to life in a sterile upper-class world.43.答案：A．Stopping by woods on a snowy Evening by FrostB．Literally，it means to go to bed。