外研社版高中英语必修三Module2基础知识整理
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外研社版高中英语必修三Module2基础知识整理
本模块重点：
重点单词，词汇，短语/ 逻辑连词（but、however）/
单词派生：
hunger-hungry
income-salary-wage-pay
poverty-poor
human(可数)-human being
development-developing-develop-developed-developer
measure-measurement
goal-aim-target-object
expectancy-expect-expectation
educate-education-educated
homeless-home
crowded-crowd
freeway-free-expressway-highway
inhabitant-inhabit-inhabitation
similarity-similar-similarly
unfortunate-fortunately-fortune-fortunate
location-locate-located
tourism-tour-tourist
transport-transportation
industrial-industry-industrialize-industrialization
polluted-pollution-pollute
entertainment-entertain
exchange-change
单词：
1.measure v.测定；测量；评估n.尺寸；大小；措施
Each of his ears measured approximately 11.5 inches long. 它的每个耳朵量起来大约有11.5英寸长。
adopt/take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(干某事)（measure表示“措施”时，常用复数形式）
measure up to 符合(期望)；达到(标准)
The job failed to measure up to her expectations.这项工作没有满足她的期望。make sth.to one's measure照某人的尺寸做某物
The coat which is not made to your own measure is much
too loose for you.
这件没按照你的尺寸做的大衣你穿着太松了。
2. figure n.数字；图形；人物；身材v.计算；认为
Complete the chart with figures from the passage. 用课文中的数字完成表格。figure that ...认为……
figure out 想出，理解；弄明白，看透
figure on 指望，计划，打算，预料到
figure in 算进去，包括进去
We figured in the travel expenses but forgot the cost of
meals.我们把旅游费算进去了，但忘了算伙食费。
3.crowded/crowd/crowds
a crowd of…
crowds of…
be crowded with..
…crowd into…
4．position n．位置；职位，工作；状况，形势
The UK is in the thirteenth position，while China is in the
middle of the list. 英国排在第十三位，而中国则排在名单的中间。
The house has a very good position.
这所房子处于一个很好的位置。
in a．..position处于……的地位/处境
in/out of position在/不在适当的位置
take up a position占据位置 hold a...position 担任……职务
He is in a difficult position.他处境困难。
The chairs are all out of position. 椅子全都放得不是地方。
His sister holds an important position in a bank.他姐姐在一家银行里担任要职。in one’s position… 站在某人的立场上
5.transport-trans-port
import-export-porter-important-transform-transformer
6. similar
be similar to…
There are some similarities between Chinese and English.
7.entertainment-entertain
entertain sb. 招待某人
课文：
8.specially专门地，特别地/ especially特别，尤其/ particularly与especially接近，especially一般前置，particularly后置。
Hunger is a big problem, especially in some lonely areas.
I like the country, especially in spring.
He isn’t particularly clever.
The visitors admired his paintings, particularly the first one.
9. at the top of
at the foot of
at the age of
at the end of
at the head of 在..前面，居…首位
at the edge of
10. up to 直到；(数量或水平)可达到；达到(标准)
This hotel can hold up to 500 guests. 这旅馆可供达500位来宾住宿。
If their performance isn't up to our expectations, we
shouldn't get angry.如果他们的表现达不到我们的期望，我们不应该生气。
①be up to (doing) sth. 从事于……，胜任……
②be up to sb. 由某人决定，由某人负责
It’s up to sb. to do sth. 应由某人做……
It's up to you to decide.由你决定。
He's not really up to the hard work.他确实不能胜任这份艰苦的工作。
—Shall we go to Beijing or Shanghai?
—It's up to you.
（新东方王强的视屏）
11. make an effort/ every effort to do sth.尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort不遗余力
without effort容易地，不费力地
with effort努力地，艰难地
He is making an effort to catch up with others in study.他在学习上正在努力赶上别人。
I will make every effort to arrive on time.我将尽一切努力准时到达。
He passed the exam without effort.轻松地通过了考试。
12. It's an agreement between towns or cities of similar size
and age，and which have similar features such as tourism，industry，culture and entertainment.(教材P19)它是那些规模和年代相似的城镇或城市之间的一种协议，这些城镇或城市间有相似的特征，譬如，旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐。
本句为长难句。主句是it's an agreement，agreement后面的介词短语betwe en towns or cities...作定语；of similar size and age和which have similar features是由and连接的两个定语，修饰towns or cites。其中of similar size and age是“of a/an/the
same/adj.等＋n.”结构，该结构常在句中作表语或定语。
They are of great help/very helpful to learners of English.他们对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。
be＋of＋抽象名词
①“of＋抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。常见名词：value(价值)，use(用)，importance(重要性)，help，interest等。它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。
②“of＋抽象名词”没有相应的形容词形式，用来表明主语的特征。常见名词：size，weight，height，length，width，age，opinion，colour，price，kind，type，
shape，quality等。这类名词根据具体的情景而变复数形式，也可在其前加冠词。The book is of no use/useless to us.这书对我们无用。
The products are of first-rate quality. 这些产品的质量是一流的。
13. be/get close to 靠近，接近(＝be near to) 即将发生
Our home is close to a bus stop.我们家离公共汽车站很近。
He is close to becoming a famous star.他快要成为明星了。
close v．关；关闭；结束；adj.亲密的；靠近的；adv.接近；靠近
close down关闭；歇业；倒闭
close up靠近；停业；(暂时)关闭
But he had few close friends.但他几乎没有亲近的朋友。
Sorry，madam，we're closing up for lunch.很抱歉，小姐，我们现在要关门吃午饭。
Their factory had to close down for good.他们的工厂只好永远关闭。
close, closely
close v.“关闭”adj.“接近的，严密的，亲密的”adv.“靠近地”，作副词时，主要指从距离上来说较近
closely adv.“密切地，紧紧地；仔细地”，主要指程度或关系的紧密
14. ?By oneself独自地/ for oneself 为了某人自己/ of oneself自
