高中英语 高中短文填空及语法填空精编讲义(两篇)

页眉内容高考英语专题讲义【语法填空（2）】纯空格题之解题技巧：指“在空格处填入一个适当的词”这类题。

这类题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。

冠词来说相对比较容易判断，介词主要考查学生的积累以及对介词本身用法的了解。

方法探究1：边做边悟：请做下面一组题，每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的，并将解题的思维过程写出来。

在做完这一组题后，总结一下这类题的解题方法。

1.（2012）Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class oneday，wearing sun glasses…“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked.The new boy shook his head.“ Then I'd appreciate it if you didn't wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I'm speaking to you.” Th e new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do. Then he took _______ off, gave a big smile and said, “That is cool"·2.（2011）Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk，but after some minutes________ walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.3.（2011）I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man andintroduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I'm glad I made a choice. It made ________ of us feel good.4. （2011）He asked his teacher，"Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _____ ?”5.（2009）…although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was apresent which was bound to please _________ .6. （2009）Jane was walking round the department store She remembered how difficult _______was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.7. （2008）It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty （960 - 1279）was very anxiousto help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _______ day and night.8.（2007）I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _________．【归纳总结】当句子缺主语或宾语时，填________________.因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就该填代词。

【高考必备】人教版高中英语必修二课文语法填空Unit 1 Cultural relicsIn September, 1941 the Nazi 1 （Germany）army was near St Petersburg. This was a time 2 the two countries were at war. However, before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were only able to remove the furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. But some of the Nazis secretly stole the Amber Room itself. In less than two days, 100,000 pieces of the room were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt 3 the boxes were then put on a train 4 Konigsberg, at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what really happened to the Amber Room 5 (remain) a mystery.While the search for the old room continues, the 6 (Russian) and Germans have built 7 new Amber Room at the summer palace. 8 (follow) old photos, the new room has been made to look much like the old one. In 9 spring of 2003, it was ready for the people of St Petersburg 10 (celebrate) the 300th birthday of their city.Unit 2 The Olympics GamesAtlanta was a Greek princess. She was very beautiful and could run faster than1 man in Greece. But she was not allowed to run in the Olympic Games. She was2 angry that she said to her father she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her. Her father said she must marry and asked her3 she wanted to marry a king or prince. But Atlanta replied, “I will only be married to a man who can run faster than me. When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run4 him. If he cannot run as fast as me, he5 (kill). No one will be pardoned.”Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta but when they heard of her rules, some of them 6 (sad) went home. Other men stayed to run the race. There was a man called Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of Atlanta’s rules. “Why are these men so 7 (fool)? Why will they let 8 be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess?” Then when he saw Atlanta come out of her house 9 (run), Hippomenes changed his mind. “I 10 marry Atlanta---- or die!” he said.Unit 3 ComputersNo one could recognize me after I got my new transistors in the 1 (1960).There were times when my size was 2 (total) changed. I became small and thin but I got cleverer and cleverer, quicker and quicker. And my memory became so large 3 I couldn’t believe it! But I was always so lonely 4 (stand) there by myself, 5 in the early 1960s, they gave me a family 6 (connect) by a network. I could share information 7 others and we could talk to each other. At about the same time we learned to talk to humans using BASIC. I was brought into people’s homes in the 1970s. Since then, my family and I 8 (use) by 9 (billion) of people to deal with information and communicate with each other around the world by the Internet. I love 10(use) to connect people who aren’t close enough to speak to each other. I have truly been built to serve the human race since my birth.Unit 4 Wildlife protectionMany animals 1 (disappear) during the history of the earth. The 2 (famous) of these animals were dinosaurs. They lived on the earth 3 (ten) of millions of years ago, long 4 humans came into being. There were many different species of dinosaur and several of them have been found in China. The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia County, Nanyang, Henan Province, and not long ago a rare new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province. The scientists were surprised 5 ___ (find) they could run 6 other dinosaurs, but also climb trees. They could tell this from the way the bones 7 (join) together.Dinosaurs died 8 quickly about 65 million years ago. Some scientists think it was after a large rock hit the earth and put too much dust into the air. Others think the earth got 9 hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more. Nobody knows 10 sure. In the same way there are animals that have died out more recently and no one knows why. Listen to the story about the dodo, an animal that has disappeared from the earth.Unit 5 MusicHowever, there was one band that started in a different way. It began as a TV show. The musicians of 1 the band was formed played jokes 2 each other as well as played music. Their music and jokes were based loosely __3___ the band called “The Beatles”. The TV They put an advertisement in a newspaper 4 (look) for rock musicians, but they could only find one that was good enough. They had to use actors for the other members of the band. Actors may not be able to sing so at first other musicians sang the songs for the programme 5 the band pretended to sing them.Their attractive performances 6 (copy) by other groups and their fans supported them fiercely. Each week the group that was called “The Monkees” would play a song or two written by other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they became 7 (serious) about their work, “The Monkees” started to play their own instruments and write their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. They became even more popular th an “The Beatles” in the USA and sold even more records. However, the band broke 8 in about 1970, but 9 (unite) in the mid-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, which was a 10 (celebrate) of their time as a real band.参考答案Unit11. German2.when3. that4.for5.remains6. Russians7.a8.Following9.the 10.to celebrateUnit21. any2.so3.if/whether4.against5.will be killed6. sadly7.foolish8.themselves9.to run 10.willUnit31.1960s2.totally3.that4.standing5.until6. connected7.with8.have been used9.billions 10.being usedUnit41. have disappeared2.most3.tens4.before5.to find6. like7.were joined8.out9.too 10.forUnit51. whom2.an3.on4.looking5.while6. were copied7.more serious8.up9.reunited 10.celebration。

高中短文改错及语法填空精编讲义解析两篇短文改错Dear American guests,On behalf of our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you. We are lucky to have us[you] here in the middle of our English Week activities.As being[去掉] scheduled, we had[have]English Talent Show today. The purpose of this programme is develop [to develop]our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and spoken[speaking]. The programme consists in[of] the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story told[telling] and so on. The Show will begin at two o’clock this afternoon at the Student Center. Dear guests, you are welcomed [welcome]to take part in our activities. I hope we students will benefit great [greatly]from your presence.I sincerely hope[wish] you a pleasant time with us. Thank you.△短文分析1.consist in/consist ofconsist in :在于The beauty of Guilin consists in its wonderful mountains and water. consist of : 由......组成China consists of 56 peoples.2.be welcome to do 乐于让某人做某事，随意做某事They are welcome to stay here as long as they like.3.benefit vt.受益I will benefit greatly/ a lot from your experiences.4.hope/wishhope v./n.希望（实现的可能性很大）hope to dohope for+名词hope (that) 从句in the hope ofin the hope that 从句I hope to go to Japan some day.I hope for success.She hopes she can get many presents during the Spring Festival.I will go to Beijing in the hope of having a look at the Great Wall.=I will go to Beijing in the hope that I can have a look at the Great Wall.wish v/n.祝愿(表示难以实现的愿望）wish to dowish sb to dowish that 从句[从句用虚拟语气]wish for +nwish sb sth (双宾）I wish to fly in the sky.Mary wishes her mother to buy a computer for her.Wish+that从句①对现在情况的虚拟，用一般过去时I wish I could live on outer space.②对过去情况的虚拟用过去完成时She wishes that she had been at home yesterday.③对将来情况的虚拟，从句的谓语用could/might/would+V原形I wished that I would become a fish tomorrow.Wish you successWish you a happy new yearBest wishes语法填空Jonny: Hey! I’m just practicing Tai Chi(太极). Would you like to join me? Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.Peter: OK. Don’t laugh at me. I may look funny.Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and softly(soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don’t let your body shake.Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become painful (pain). Jonny: Keep holding (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let it stay in the air for seconds.Peter: I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi is called (call) “shadow boxing”in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well as strong. In real competition, a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!Peter: Unbelievable! Oh..., if you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a deep breath .△短文解析1.not...any longer 再也不/no longerI won’t live here any longer.=I will no longer live here.Not......any more=no more 再也不I don’t wear glasses any more.=I no more wear glasses.2.patient adj.有耐心的n.病人patience n.耐心be patient with... 对......有耐心3.被动语态主语+be+done+by+执行者I bought the bike yesterday.[主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语] The bike was bought by me yesterday.4.as well as 和，也（前后连接对等的成分）I am handsome as well as modest.The film is famous in China as well as in Japan.as well as连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词的单复数，随前者而定，即就远原则。

高考语篇型语法填空专题讲义一、命题形式在一篇200个单词左右的文章中留出10个空白，要求考生根据上下文填写出空白处所需内容或所提供单词的正确形式。

每个句子（包括从句和分句）所设空最多2个，有单词提示的空是7个，其余3个无提示。

二、语法填空的考点或考查内容是：1.语法填空题—能力要求：A 阅读/理解语篇的能力;B 分析句子结构的能力;C 熟练运用语法的能力。

2.语法填空题—空格设计(1)纯空格题：通常考冠词、介词、代词、和连词等四类虚词。

(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考查谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等。

三、有提示词的填空题给出了提示词的试题的解题技巧1.【给出了动词的试题的解题技巧】首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。

然后按以下两点进行思考。

技巧1：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。

[例1]His fear of failure ___ _(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.[例2] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, (close) my book and walked away.[例3] In Logan, three people _________(take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.技巧2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。

若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：1）与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词：V-ing[例4] He saw the stone, (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”2）是被动关系用过去分词：V-ed形式。

高考英语语法高分讲义：语法填空必考知识点精讲从句和连词——✔or ✘（句子是否完整）例：你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.人物简介2.尊敬和爱戴的原因他总是耐心地解答我的各种疑问。

He always answered my questions with great patience.你是否曾经被一个人深深的影响过?对于我而言，那个人就是我的高中数学老师。

Have you ever been deeply influenced by one respexctable person? To me that person is my math teacher in my high school.“要不断发掘潜力挑战自己”我一直记得他这句话。

“Keep exploring your potential and challenging yourself.”His words never stop echoing in my thoughts.我很惊讶！我从来没有想过一个老师真的把学生当作朋友对待。

I was astonished！I never expected a teacher to truly regard his students as friends. 宾——名词补——补充事件状——状态并列复合句：几个基本句由连词或连词短语组合连词：体现逻辑关系（并列/因果/转折/条件/顺序）固定含义主从复合句：几个基本句由从句引导词组合从句：体现从属关系（一个句子为另一个句子服务）分析作用主从复合句的构成方式——拆分主从句1.空格开始是从句2.无发出者动作断开（找第二个动作）3.从句只能插在主句主语后面①主句在前，从句在后1.He drove his new car at an amazing speed（主句，主谓宾状✔），//which resulted in a terrible accident.（从句，谓宾✘）2.In the biography，Anne describes（主句，主谓✘）// her science teacher inepired her to become a medical scientist.（从句，主谓宾补✔）3.John seemed puzzled about（主句，主系表✘）// the question meant.（从句，主谓✘）4.With hundreds of attrections，Bejing is a city（主句，状主谓宾✔）//makes a lasting inpression on its vistors.（从句，谓宾状✘）5.It is said that Mo Yan's hometown is the place（主句，主谓宾✔）// has inspired him throughout his writing career.（从句，谓宾状✘）②主句在后，从句在前［主句一定不完整，缺主语］1. Nancy likes best about college（从✘）//is// that she can meet people from all over the country.（主✘）2 is responsible for the accident（从✘）// will be punished.（主✘）3. really makes "Gangnan Style"popular（从✘）// is not the lyrics，but the part of "Horse Riding Dance".（主✘）4. the little boy knows so much about nature（从✔）// really surprises his teachers and classmates.（主✘）5. leads a life full of love（从✘）// is rich //even though he doesn't have much money.（主✘）③主句插入从句（主主语/ 从句/ 主谓语）（主句一定完整）1.My daughter，// job requires her to do a lot of travelling，//is always away from home a lot.2.Those// have six or more close friends// are described as "very happy".3.The goals // he had fought all his life on longer// seemed inportant to him.4.Naturally a smile// the eyes participate //is extremely communicative.5.I hope that the little// I 've been able to do// has been of some use.动词的8+2+1一、八种基本时态时态：1.一般现在：不强调时间、普遍状态2.过去时间：一般过去—强调过去、普遍状况过去进行—强调过去、正在发生、生动场景感过去完成—强调过去、已经完成、在过去之前现在完成—强调过去到现在、动作结果3.其他基本时态现在进行—强调现在、正在发生、生动场景感一般将来—强调将来、普遍状况将来进行—强调将来、正在发生4.现在时态表将来一般现在表将来--主将从现（条件句）、固定时刻现在进行表将来—特殊动词go/come/open/close/die 二、两种特殊时态过去将来—强调过去和将来完成进行—强调过去到现在、动作持续、最近一直三、一个附加考点：虚拟语气非谓语（3+6+1和做题步骤）1、3+6+13种基本to do 主动未发生doing主动发生同时done 被动发生or完成6种拓展1种特殊考点do 省略to 的to do have/let/make祈使句谓语做题步骤1、判断主动被动（四主动doing/to do/having done/to have done五被动being done/to be done/done(having been done/to have been done）2、判断动作发生没和顺序（未发生to 顺序have）3、固定考察方式日常积累4、非谓语动词与时间无关与时间无关！！！*1.判断主被动有无名词作主语or宾语只选doing/being done2、having been done 可以被done 替换，语言需要简化情态动词can / could：“可以,能够”客观能力、许可、推测(可能性)。

第二部分语法精析第一节谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致)考向分析题型一关于谓语动词的语法填空Tip 1辨明时态标志词1.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements...(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案have reported解析考查时态和主谓一致。

根据时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，主语为some Inuit people，故填have reported。

2．Irene said，“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years...”(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案have made解析考查动词的时态。

根据定语从句中的时间状语over the years可知，此处用现在完成时态。

故填have made。

3.Since 2011，the country (grow) more corn than rice.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案has grown解析考查时态和主谓一致。

由时间状语since 2011可知，句子用现在完成时，主语the country 是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用has grown。

4．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government(start) a soil­testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案started解析考查时态。

►第22讲语法填空（讲义）【复习目标】1. 掌握命题规律和语法知识2. 夯实语法基础3. 掌握句子成分分析词性转换的规律4. 掌握固定搭配（冠词和介词）5. 掌握答题的技巧【考情分析】分析近几年新高考语法填空题可知，纯语法规则测试题难度降低，强化考生英语的实际运用能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的试题逐渐增加。

语法填空题命题突出语境，命题包含“词、句、篇”三个层面，彰显“无语境不命题”。

语法测试点包括词法和句法，涉及动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句和特殊句式等。

近年高考真题语法填空考点细目表【网络构建】命题规律：考查形式：有提示词(6～7个)和无提示词(3～4个)两种。

有提示词：名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等;无提示词：介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。

一、提示词为动词解题策略：分析句子结构，确定空格处是否做谓语。

➢做谓语：1.确定时态（分析语境和全文的时态）2.确定语态（分析与主语之间的关系）3.确定单复数（分析主语的单复数）➢不作谓语：1. 作非谓语 a.分析在句中充当哪一种句子成分；b. 分析与谓语之间的先后关系；c. 分析与逻辑主语之间的关系2.词性转换（分析在句中充当哪种句子成分）【真题典例】二、提示词为形容词1.考虑变成副词或比较等级；2.考虑转换为名词或动词；【真题典例】(2021年全国卷甲)...we decided it was time for some action and what 65___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!三、提示词为副词1.考虑比较等级；2.考虑词性转换；1.几种常见的比较级考查点:(1)句中含有“than...”结构用比较级。

(2)句中虽然没有“than...”结构,但暗含比较的意味,也用比较级。