上海市虹口区2014年高考练习(二模)英语试卷

上海市虹口区2014 届高三第三次模拟考试英语试题1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分150 分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第i卷（第1—10页）和第n卷（第10页），全卷共10 页。

第I 卷第1-16 小题、第41-77 小题采用多项选择题形式，答题必须涂写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

第I 卷第17-40 小题、第78-81 小题的答案和第II 卷的答案必须写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections ：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a car shop.C. At a gas station.2. A. Guest and receptionist.C. Customer and shop assistant.3. A. Writing his term paper.C. Playing computer games.4. A. To the bank.C. To a shoe store.5. A. Touring around.C. Visiting a couple.6. A. He' s better.C. He 's sick in bed.7. A. He works as a gardener.C. He prefers sports to gardening.8. A. Buy a road map. B. In a garage.D. In a parking lot.B. Passenger and air hostess. D. Guest and waitress.B. Having a coffee break.D. Attending an online school. B. To a book store.D. To the grocery.B. Looking for a job.D. Attending a meeting.B. He' s feeling worse.D. He has recovered.B. He is too busy at work to play D. He lives in the countryside.B. Drive to the beach.D. He loses his temper easily.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be askedthree questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. Whenyou hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper anddecide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Offering additional detail, comment or information.B. Printing completely different stories from TV.C. Finding new angles on the day ' s major stories.D. Causing some kind of conflict or danger.15. A. Because they are quite familiar to people.B. Because they agree with people ' s interests.C. Because they are always new and different.D. Because they are dramatic and feature conflict.16. A. The key factors in making a good newspaper.B. The main differences between TV and newspapers.C. The common ways to meet people ' s interests in newspapers.D. The importance of familiarity to editor' s making newspapers. section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be readtwice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill inthe numbered blanks with the informationyou have heard. Write your answers on your an swer sheet.C. Go back home.D. Ask the way. 9. A. The film was disappointing.C. The acting was worth seeing.10. A. He is always late for work.B. He is having some financial problem.C. He is not careful enough with his work.B. The leading actor was outstanding. D. The plot was attractive. 11. A. Its variety.C. Its price.12. A. Inside the restaurant.C. On the menu.13. A. Coffee. B. Beer.B. Its quality. D. Its taste. B. Outside the restaurant. D. Not mentioned.C. Coke.D. WineSection CDirections: InBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD each an swer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WOR D&h an swer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages cohere nt and grammatically correct. For the bla nks with a give n word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each bla nk.(A)George Daws on was born in the state of Texas. He was the grandson of slaves. He bega n worki ng on the family farm whe n he was four. Whe n he was twelve, he worked25 __ a nearby farm to help feed his parents and four younger brothers andsisters. For the next eighty-five years, he held a number of different jobs, mostof them involving hard labor.George Daws on lived a happy life 26 ________ con diti ons were difficult. Whenhe was ten years old, he saw a young African-American man 27 (murder). He would have told people about it, but he said his 28 (big) problem was his in ability to read and write.George Daws on kept it a secret that he could not read. But he said he always dreamed that he would lear n. Although he had no educatio n, he taught his childre n29 (work) hard in school.George Dawsori s life changed in 1996. A man came to his house in Texas, andtold him that adult education classes were being taught at a nearby school. So the man who 30 (sign)his name with an “X” for almost one -hundred years went to school.People won dered 31 Mr. Daws on did not go to school earlier. He said he never had the time because of his farm work. And he never knew about adult education programs.George Daws on did all he 32 to lear n to read, which in flue need stude nts of all ages. He spoke to young people about the importa nee of lear ning to read and write.(B)America ns and Arabs are differe nt 33 it comes to their space habits. Arabswould rather have close con tact. Dr. Hall has expla ined that 34 (bel ong) to a touch culture and in conversation, the Arabs always envelop (包裹)the other person.They hold his han d, look into his eyes, and bathe him in their breath.Dr. Hall ' s interest in man ' s use of space developed in the early nineteen fifties whenhe was Director of the Point Four training program at the Foreign Service In stitute. In talk ing with America ns who had lived overseas, he found that many of35 __ had been highly uncomfortable 36 ____ culture differences. Such discomfort is usually referred to as culture shock.The problem is that, relatively speak ing, America ns live in 37 n oncontactculture. Partly, this is a product of our puritan heritage (清教徒文化遗产).Dr.Hall points o u t that w e s p e nd years38 (teach) our childre n not to crowd in and lea n on us. And in situati ons 39 ________ we ourselves are forced to sta nd close to ano ther pers on on crowded subways, for example, we turn our eyes away, and if actual body con tact 40 (involve), tense the muscles on the con tact side. Most of us feel very stron gly that this is the onlyproper way to behave.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used on ce. Note that there is one word more tha n you n eed.With only about 1,000 pan das left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the ani mal and save the endan gered species. That s a move similar to whata Texas A&MUn iversity researchers have 41 for the past five years in a projectcalled “ Noah' s Ark.Noah ' s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos (胚胎),semen and DNA of endan gered ani mals and stori ng them in liquid n itroge n. If certa in species shouldbecome 42 , Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A&M s College of Veterinary Medic ine, says there would be eno ugh of the basic buildi ng blocks to 43 the ____species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds, reptiles willface ext in cti on in over 100 years. The pan da, 44 on ly to China, is in dan gerof ext in cti on in the n ext 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells froma dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to 45 the embryo into a host ani mal.The en tire 46 could take from three to five years to complete.“ The nu clear tran sfer of one species to ano ther is not easy, and the lack ofavailable panda eggs could be a major problem, ” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnanc y (怀孕).I t takes a long t i me and i t ' s difficult, but t hi s could b e 47 scie nee if it works. They are certa inly not putt ing any live pan das at risk,so it is 48 the effort, ” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the project at Texas A&M, the first-ever 49 at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something that ' s never been done, and this is verysimilar to our work in Noah ' s Ark. We ' re both trying to save animals that face ext inction. I certa inly 50 their effort a nd there ' s a lot we can lear n fromwhat they are attempting to do. It ' s a research that is very much needed. ”III. Readi ng Comprehe nsionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the con text.It can be hard to decide which food to buy in an American grocery store thesedays. The in formatio n on many products makes 51 claims.The label “ organic (有机的)”52 that the United States Department ofAgriculture recog ni zed the product was grow n un der special con diti ons. Thedepartme nt says foods that meet requireme nts of it Nati onal Orga nic Programme canuse an official label. It shows the words “ USDAOrga nic ” in side a( n) 53 . USDA orga nic food does not contain genes that have bee n54 cha nged. The food is grow n without chemical treatme nt aga inst in sects ordiseases. It is grow n without chemical fertilizers. Before a product can be 55 ____“ organic, ” a(n) 56 visits the farm where the food is produced to make surethe farm meets USDAstandards. Organic meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products comefrom animals that are given no antibiotics (抗生素),must be fed organic food andhave 57 to the outdoors.No conclusive 58 shows that organic food is more nutritious than traditi on ally grow n food. And the USDA —eve n if it proves orga nic food —does n't claim that these products are safer or more nutritious. Organic foods meet the same quality and safety sta ndards as traditi onal foods. The differe nee 59 how the _______________________food is produced, processed and han dled. Some people buy orga nic food for 60 ___ reas ons. Orga nic food is produced by farmers who 61 the use of renewable resources and the con servati on of soil and water to enhance quality for future gen erati ons. The prices betwee n most orga nic food and traditi onal food products62 . Higher prices are due to more expensive farming practices and tightergover nment regulati ons.The new USDA s national organic programme for labeling are aimed at enabling consumers to make a(n) 63 choice among the foods they purchase and also include the safeguard of fines for64 . People who sell or label a product “ organic ” when they know it does notmeet USDA sta ndards can be 65 up to $11,000 for each violatio n.51. A. un believable B. familiar C. differe nt D. flexible[52. A. predicted B. guara nteed C. proposed D. doubted53. A. circle B. operati on C. activity D. service54. A. scien tifically B. skillfully C. vividly D. deeply55. A. prese nted B. con firmed C. registered D. labeled56. A. protector B. remin der C. in spector D. i ndividual57. A. soluti on B. access C. entrance D. direct ion58. A. agreeme nt B. con cept C. expectati on D. evide nee59. A. lies in B. con sists of C. tur ns dow n D. holds back60. A. finan cial B. social C. cultural D.environmental61. A. replace B. overlook C. emphasize D. realize62. A. vary B. last C. exist D. work63. A. unique B. pote ntial C. casual D. sen sible64. A. limitatio n B. misreprese ntationC. reservati onD. react ion65. A. awarded B. developed C. fined D. sparedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is Followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Indian 's snake charmers are to be retrained as wildlif e teachers under a plan to prevent their unique skills and knowledge from being lost. The charmers, who make snakes dance to the sound of flutes （笛子）, used to be a traditional feature of Indian life, performing in towns and villages, untilthey were banned in 1972 to control the trade in snake skins.The government is now considering a plan to train the saperas , as they are known, to visit schools and zoos to tell children about forests and wildlife. There is also a proposal to set up a “dial a snake charmer” service to help householders to deal with unwelcome intruders.“For generations they have been a feature of Indian life but now they can 'tearn a living for fear of arrest, ” said Behar Dutt, a conservationist behind the plans, “if a policeman doesn't catch them, animal rights activists report them. ”Many snake charmers have continued to work clandestinely since the ban, despite the threat of up to three years in jail. But their trademark cloth-covered baskets, hung from a bamboo pole carried across their shoulders, make them an easy target for police.The fate of Shisha Nath, 56, from Badarpur, a village just outside of Delhi, is typical of practitioners （从业者） of the dying art. “I used to earn enough tosupport my family and send my children to school, ” he said. “Now it 's hard to earn even £ 1 a day. My children want to be snake charmers. It ' s our identity. Welove the work. But it 's become impossible. ”Next month Dutt 's project to train 30 snake charmers will begin at a snake park in Pune, western India, where experts will enrich their home-grown skills with some formal knowledge.More than the law, though, it is the dishonest attitude of their fellow countrymen that angers many snake charmers“We' re disturbed all the time but when people want a snake removed from the house, they rush to us, ” said Prakash Nath, who was ordered recently to the home of Sonia Gandhi, the Congress party leader.66. Snake charmers will be retrained as wildlife teachers mainly because ____ .A. schools need large numbers of such teachersB. most of them cannot support their familiesC. their performances on the street are bannedD. the government plans to save the dying art67. The purpose of the proposed “ dial a sn ake charmer ” teleph one service is ____________ .A. to give performance of snake dancingB. to teach householders how to catch and kill snakesC. to offer cleaning service to wealthy householdersD. to help remove unwanted snakes from the houses68. The word “ clandestinely ” in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by the worda ”A. secretlyB. publiclyC. subconsciouslyD. diligently69. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Snake charmers can easily be recognized by the police on the street.B. Children of snake charmers would not like to continue their fathers ' job.C. Snake charmers are quite angry with the attitude of their fellow countrymen.D. The animal rights activists take a negative attitude towards snake charmers.(B)We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.How to use your NatWest ServicecardAs a Switch card, it lets you pay for all sorts of goods and services, wherever you see the Switch logo. The money comes forthright out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money to cover it. It is also a cheque guarantee card for up to the amount shown on the card. And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK. How to use your NatWest CashcardYou can use your Cashcard as a Sulo card to pay for goods and services wherever you see the Solo logo. It can also give you access to your account and your cash from over 31,000 cash machines nationwide. You can spend or withdraw what you have in your account.Using your cards abroadYou can also use your Servicecard and Cashcard when you ' re abroad. You canwithdraw cash at cash machines and pay for goods and services wherever you see the Cirrus or Maestro logo displayed.How to use your NatWest Credit CardWith your credit card you can do the following:• Pay for goods and services and enjoy up to 56 days ' interest -free credit.• Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the Mastercard or Visa logos.• Collect one AIR MILE for every £ 20 of spending that appears on your statement ( 结算单).70. If you carry the Servicecard or the Cashcard, _____ .A. you can use it to guarantee things as you wishB. you can spend as much money as you like without a limitC. you can draw your money from cash machines convenientlyD. you have to pay some extra money when you pay for services in the UK71. The word “ forthright ” in Para. 2 can be understood as “ _______________ ” .A. unexpectedlyB. logicallyC. properlyD. directly72. Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?A. You will be charged some interest beyond two months.B. You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.C. You can use the card in any shop across the world.D. You will gain one air mile if you spend £ 20 on travell er' s cheques.73. The purpose of the passage is to show you how to _____ .A. play your cards rightB. use your cards abroadC. draw cash with your cardsD. pay for goods with your cards(C)Imagine you ' re at a party full of strangers. You ' re nervous. Who are these people? Howdo you start a conversation? Fortunately, you' ve got a thing that sends out energy at tiny ch ips in everyone ' s name tag. The chips send back name s, jobs, hobbies, and the time available for meeting-whatever. Making new friends becomes simple.This hasn' t quite happened in real life. But the world is already experiencing a revolution using RFID technology.An RFID tag with a tiny chip can be fixed in a product, under your pet' s skin, even under your own skin. Passive RFID tags have no energy source-batteries because they do not need it. The energy comes from the reader, a scanning device, that sends out energy (for example, radio waves) that starts up the tag immediately.Such a tag carries information specific to that object, and the data can be updated. Already, RFID technology is used for recognizing each car or truck on theroad and it might appear in your passport. Doctors can put a tiny chip under the skin that will help locate and obtain a patient ' s medical records. At a nightclubin Paris or in New York the same chip gets you into the VIP (very important person) section and pays for the bill with the wave of an arm.Take a step back: 10 or 12 years ago, you would have heard about the coming age of computing. One example always seemed to surface: Your refrigerator would know when you needed to buy more milk. The concept was that computer chips could be put everywhere and send information in a smart network that would make ordinary life simpler.RFID tags are a small part of this phenomenon. “The world is going to be a loosely coupled set of individual small devices, connected wirelessly, ” pr edicts Dr. J.Reich. Humanright supporters are nervous about the possibilities of such technology. It goes too far tracking school kids through RFID tags, they say. Weimagine a world in which a beer company could find out not only when you bought a beer but also when you dra nk it. And how many beers. Accompa nied by how many biscuits.When Marconi inven ted radio, he thought it would be used for ship-to-shorecom muni catio n, not for pop music. Whok nows how RFID and related tech no logies willbe used in the future. Here ' s a wild guess: Not for buying milk.74. The article is inten ded to .A. warn people of the possible risks in adopt ing RFID tech no logyB. expla in the ben efits brought about by RFID tech no logyC. convince people of the uses of RFID tech no logyD. predict the applicati ons of RFID tech no logy75. We know from the passage that with the help of RFID tags, people . _________A. will have no trouble gett ing data about othersB. will have more en ergy for con versati onC. will have more time to make friendsD. won' t feel shy at parties any Ion ger76. Why are some people worried about RFID tech no logy?A. Because childre n will be tracked by stra ngers.B. Because market competiti on will become more fierce.C. Because their private lives will be greatly affected.D. Because customers will be forced to buy more products.77. The last paragraph implies that RFID tech no logy . _________A. will not be used for such matters as buying milkB. will be widely used, in cludi ng for buying milkC. will be limited to com muni cati on usesD. will probably be used for pop musicSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. The n an swer the questi ons or complete the stateme nts in the fewest possible words.Too much eati ng. Too many un healthy foods. Too many advertiseme nts for food.Too little activity. Different explanations are offered for America ' s weightproblem — a problem in creas in gly shared by other coun tries. Almost on e-fifth of America n childre n and tee nagers are overweight.Schools have bee n urged to in crease physical educati on, an importa nt tool forpublic health. And many have. Yet now comes a study show ing an in crease in the nu mber of injuries in “ phys ed ” class. Injuries in creased one hun dred fifty perce nt betwee n nin etee n nin ety-seve n and two thousa nd seve n.The study involved injuries treated in hospital emergency departments. Only two perce nt were serious.The researchers did not try to ide ntify the causes of the in crease, but theyhave some theories.Lara McKenzie from Ohio State University was the lead researcher. She says one possibility is a decrease in the number of school nurses during the period they。

上海虹口区2023-2024学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷2024.04考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.On a farm. B.At a library. C.In a snack bar. D.In a department store.2.A.7:00. B.7:30. C.8:00. D.8:30.3.A.She is inferior to him in maths. B.She is really good at maths.C.She doesn’t work hard at maths.D.She didn’t do well in this test.4.A.He got injured yesterday. B.He didn’t finish his paper on time.C.He failed to submit his paper on time.D.He couldn’t focus his mind on the paper.5.A.He admires Emma for her courage. B.He doesn’t understand what Emma said.C.He gets angry with Emma at the meeting.D.He thinks Emma should take a business course.6.A.The woman is looking for a research topic. B.The woman is struggling with data analysis.C.The man is too busy to offer help.D.The man can’t make sense of the data.7.A.They are stressed out due to their work.B.They care little about the lack of office supplies.C.They are concerned about the office’s cleanliness.D.They are torn between work and family responsibilities.8.A.Professor Wang is very good at teaching biology.B.It is unfortunate for the man to have biology class.C.The biological problem is hard for all the students.D.The man still doesn’t understand the problem.9.A.Styles change more quickly than necessary.B.Youngsters don’t really know what fashion is.C.People should care more about their appearance.D.It’s not sensible to go after designer clothing.10.A.The man must take history classes this term.B.Science course is not available this term.C.There will be a new history teacher this term.D.She doesn’t know what the required courses are this term.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.A mysterious code. B.A theory of personality types.C.A personality type.D.A test to identify one’s personality.12.A.To judge an individual’s abilities. B.To identify abnormality.C.To help people understand themselves.D.To help settle workplace conflicts.13.A.Whether it can promote work efficiency.B.Whether it can serve its intended purpose.C.Whether it can promote the publication of studies.D.Whether it can show people’s psychological status.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.They have been sent to wildlife parks for protection.B.Their habitats have been well-protected.C.They have been taken care of by locals.D.Their population has almost doubled.15.A.She fought against illegal hunting. B.She helped to cure their disease.C.She improved their living conditions.D.She was engaged in preserving forests.16.A.To teach people how to treat gorillas. B.To boost the economy of Uganda.C.To better the Batwa people’s lives.D.To raise funds for wildlife protection. Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.Raising funds to film the X-Files TV series. B.Switching from an academic path to acting.C.Giving up the hard-won position of a doctor.D.Rejecting the offers from the Ivy League.18.A.Being thoughtful and somewhat of a loner. B.Having a scientific approach to life.C.Enjoying risky adventures.D.Being overly optimistic.19.A.He didn’t go to college. B.He is serious and focused.C.He doesn’t believe in UFOs.D.He suffered a lot from his divorce.20.A.You will grow stronger by overcoming challenges.B.You are not supposed to blame others even if you are hurt.C.You can’t prevent others hurting you from time to time.D.You will become powerful if driven by your desires.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.No Filming at Concerts and Movie Theaters on Phones“Please,no flash photography.”Polite requests like this can be found in museums all over the world,but they generally don’t discourage people from taking photos of(21)_________they feel like.The same goes for concerts,movie theaters and other places(22)_________people routinely ignore filming restrictions.A new patent from Apple may block that rule-breaking feature—on phones at least.The patent,(23)_________(award)to Apple today,outlines a system which would allow venues,like concert halls or theaters,to use an infrared emitter(红外发射器)to remotely disable the camera function on smartphones.According to the patent,infrared beams could be picked up by the camera,and interpreted by the smartphone as a command(24)_________(block)the user from taking any photos or videos.Many musicians and performers have banned cellphones from their shows(25)_________they object to the free footage circulating around the web.(26)_________this,images still manage to leak out. Prince’s last concert before he passed away in April was supposed to be cellphone-free—it apparently wasn’t.If Apple’s patent(27)_________(introduce)into iPhone software,with venues putting infrared emitters around their stage,leaks like this could potentially stop happening.But the patent also raises questions about the sort of power that this technology would be handing over to(28)_________with more immoral intentions.Given the company’s rigid support of personal privacy when it comes to police requests to break into users’devices,it’s possible that Apple just(29)_________(patent)the technology so that no one else will use it.But who knows,if it does intend to introduce this feature to future operating systems,sales of camcorders,or even GoPros,could get a much-needed boost,as people try to avoid(30)_________(use) the prohibitive software.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.Science in ImagesOyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world,but they shouldbe off the menu for hungry worms --which these delicious mushrooms willkill and eat.Now researchers finally know how they do it.A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushroomsuse a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫).The mushrooms,which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood,then 31the worms for nutrition.“Nematodes happen to be the most 32animals these mushrooms encounter.So I think,33,this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,”says study senior author.The study team of geneticists,biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow 34the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells,killing them.This 35differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.For their new work,the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue,finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up.They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of 36compound that disappears into air when disturbed.When they damaged the oystermushroom tissue again and 37analyzed the nearby air,they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny,special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface.When nematodes touch the mushrooms,these structures 38their gas,disturbing the worms’cell walls to cause immobility anddeath.The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.Before this study,“we underestimated the 39to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,”notes Nick Talbot,a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich,England.The study demonstrates “a very 40approach,”he adds.“These organisms are really difficult to work on,and Dr.Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C andD.A.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyF.extentG.freeze H.mechanism I.novel J.subsequently K.unstable Oyster mushroomFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the middle of2023,a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience(神经科学)and technology.For the first time,the thoughts and impressions of people41to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language,using a combination of artificial intelligence(AI)and brain imaging technology.This is the closest science has yet come to42someone’s mind.Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.43this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives.But it could also give other entities,such as corporations, researchers and other third parties,a(n)44degree of insight into,or even control over,the lives of patients.The NeuroRights Foundation,based at Columbia University in New York,argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be45for all humans to preserve their privacy,identity,and free will.The potential46of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.47this approach,Chile was the first country that adopted legislation,drafting new laws,to address the risks of neurotechnology.It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental48, but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata,and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices,even those intended for the general consumer.The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely49nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues,which cannot be bought or sold,only donated.But this legislation has also faced50, with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and51to date,other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies.And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical,future52are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes.The growing53of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.Different people,societies,and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line.We are at a(n)54 stage of technological development.And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science,the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more55.41.A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable42.A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading43.A.Reducing B.Restricting C.Restoring D.Requiring44.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligible D.supportive45.A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied46.A.application B.weakness C.impact D.significance47.A.In comparison with B.In line withC.At the conclusion ofD.At the cost of48.A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function49.A.group B.general C.physical D.personal50.A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence51.A.far-reaching bor-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed52.A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies53.A.confidence B.availability C.membership D.movement54.A.mature B.initial C.different D.final55.A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.specialSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I used to think I was a good person.I was caring to my friends,my partner,my family;I gave to charity and I volunteered.But when I started training to become a therapist(治疗师),I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people,we don’t actually know ourselves very well.I learned about how we might,without consciously realizing it,deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad,pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others,so they become the bad people.I learned that deep in the human mind,alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger,need,greed,envy,destructiveness,superiority—whether we want to acknowledge them or not.It was22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up.We first spoke two years ago.He was unemployed,living with his parents,watching his friends’lives progress.A good grown-up,he told me,is“someone who has his ducks in a row”—and that wasn’t him.I also didn’t feel like the competent,confident grown-up I thought I should be—and neither did most of the adults I knew.I researched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later,if at all—from buying a home to getting married or starting a family.I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up:that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it.Then I saw Boru again.He told me how,over two years,he’d found a job he loves,rented a flat with a friend.He’s now cycling round the world,having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life.So what changed?“You start to have those conversations with yourself,and you become more of an honest person.I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore,because I’m not hiding from myself.”I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations.Boru does it on his bike,I do it in psychoanalysis,others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music.That,for Boru, and for me,is what it means to“have his ducks in a row”.56.What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselves?A.Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth.B.Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate.C.True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides.D.Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception.57.What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about being a good grown-up?A.It involves having a clear career path and financial stability.B.It requires constant self-improvement and education.C.It means being employed and living independently.D.It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty.58.What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adult?A.Escaping basic responsibilities.B.Delaying reaching traditional life milestones.paring personal achievements to others.D.Investigating changing patterns of adult life.59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Why Hide HarmsB.How to Be Better AdultsC.Why Growing up MattersD.How to Have Effective Conversations(B)Guided Desert AdventureTypical desert activities like sandboarding,dune bashing and quad bikingSandboarding Quad bikingWith this tour,you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert.You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune(沙丘)for a chance to take photos of the area.On top of a sand dune,you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding.From here,you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle.Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air.Finally,you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.What’s included✓Pickup and drop-off✓20minutes of sandboarding✓35minutes of dune bashing✓25minutes of quad biking✓10-minute camel ride✓Water and soft drinks✓A drive through a camel farmAdditional information∙Requires a high level of physical fitness.∙Not suitable for children between0and5.∙Children under18must be accompanied by an adult.∙Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits,which costs an additional US$45/person only.60.What kind of experiences can participants expect from this trip?A.Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune.B.Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride.C.An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities.D.Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera.61.How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the14:00tour?$180.$220.$265.$400.62.Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tour?A.The show was great!I highly recommend!B.It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it.C.The place is cool,easy to find and get to with metro.D.Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue.(C)Pricing is managers’biggest marketing headache.It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job.All successful pricing efforts share two qualities:The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy,and the process is well-organized as a whole.A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy.Consider Saturn Corporation(a wholly owned company of General Motors).Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with.Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance.ButSaturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well.Can a friendly,trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last$100?Of course not.Saturn has a“no hassle,no haggle”policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer.Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal.Of course,there are typically many participants in the pricing process:Accounting provides cost estimates;marketing communicates the pricing strategy;sales provides specific customer input;production sets supply boundaries;and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary.However,problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms(协调机制).For example,if the marketing department sets list prices,the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field,the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements,and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment,everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results.In fact,the company may actually lose money on some orders.63.Why is it essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategy?A.To maximize possible returns and profits.B.To maintain consistency in business operations.C.To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs.D.To attract customers to social events and trainings.64.What does Saturn’s“no hassle,no haggle”policy(paragraph2)most probably mean?A.Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely.B.Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers.C.Saturn cars are at least$100cheaper than other cars.D.Saturn cars are sold at fixed,non-negotiable prices.65.What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing process?A.Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information.B.The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input.C.Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process.D.The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best.66.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.The art of coordinating pricing processesB.The best sales negotiation techniquesC.Getting one step closer toward better pricingD.Maximizing profits through pricing policiesSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.And so,what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture.B.But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize?C.Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress.D.But if we can make the constant less so,our attention will naturally turn back to it.E.Rather than focus on how to see our life better,we need to learn to better our life.F.The good news is that you can dishabituate.Your Life Is Better Than You ThinkThe undeniable popularity of self-help books,wellness podcasts,and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better.67While we may have a loving family,a good place to live,and a decent job,we often fail to notice those things.It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid,but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant.You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while,you cannot detect their scent any longer;and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers,you also get used to a loving relationship,to a promotion,to a nice home,to a wonderful work of art.Like the front page of a daily newspaper,your brain cares about what recently changed,not about what remained the same.68You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.69That is,you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.The key is taking small breaks from your daily life.For example,when people return home from a long business trip,they often find their old life has“reshined.”Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing.If something is constant,we often assume(perhaps unconsciously)that it is there to stay,and as a result,we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list.70If it is good at its core,it may just reshine.This is why time away,however short,will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.71.Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your HeadWe all get a sensation when a song,for no apparent reason,refuses to leave your head–in fact we’re no strangers to the dreaded“ear-worm.”But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics,Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms,and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.To do this,most frequent ear-worms of the participants were entered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all.The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed,revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music.A classic example of a common contour（音调的升降曲线）pattern is heard in Twinkle,Twinkle Little Star,where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls.This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes,but also in pop music.In addition to the melodic shape,the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure.The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song,showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual.“Our findings show that you can,to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,”says one of the researchers,“This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle（短歌）everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works,and improve our understanding in how perception,emotions,memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.火山喷发是多么令人惊叹的自然现象呀！(What)73.除非提供更新鲜的内容给观众，否则视频流量就会下降。

2014届虹口区二模英语试卷（2014-4）Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解) (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) (6分)1. _________2._________3.__________4.________5. __________6. __________B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): (共8分)( ) 7. A) In a library. B) In a classroom.C) In a lab. D) In a computer room.( ) 8. A) Jane’s phone number.B) Jane’s address.C) Jane’s e-mail. D) Jane’s QQ.( ) 9. A) Stormy. B) Rainy. C) Fine. D) Snowy.( ) 10. A) 4.5 dollars. B) 5 dollars. C) 9 dollars. D) 10 dollars.( ) 11. A) She will wait outside. B) She will look for the invitation.C) She will look at the pocket. D) She will enter the hall.( ) 12. A) A house painter. B) A gardener. C) A postman. D) A cleaner.( ) 13. A) Because he doesn’t like the hotel.B) Because he doesn’t like the food there.C) Because he can’t afford to stay there.D) Because the service there is not satisfying. ( ) 14. A) He speaks too fast. B) He often uses very difficult words.C) He doesn’t know what he means.D) He uses very few examples to explain his ideas.C. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示): (共6分)( ) 15. Kitty had a talk with her sister Jane unhappily last night.( ) 16. Jane thinks Kitty is a patient, responsible mum.( ) 17. The woman speaker is not strict with her daughter.( ) 18. The woman speaker often asks her daughter to do some housework.( ) 19. The two speakers don’t agree on Anne’s future plan.( ) 20. The two speakers are talking about the way to educate children.D. Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks (根据你听到的内容，完成下列句子，每空格限填一词): (共10分)21. Murphy ________ ________ an engineering position(职位) in a big factory,22. Bob and Murphy were asked to ________ a ________ by the manager.23. Both of them ________ ________ one question.24. The manager went to Murphy and said, “Thank you for _______ _______, but we’ve decided to giveBob the chance.”25. Mu rphy ________ ________ “Neither do I.” instead of “I don’t know.”.21. ____________________ ______________________ 22. _________________ __________________ 23. ___________________ _______________________ 24. _________________ __________________ 25. ___________________ _______________________2014届虹口区二模英语试卷（2014-4）Ⅰ. Listening comprehension (听力理解) (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片): (共6分)1. There are about 1000 kinds of robots in the robot shop.(C)2. People often stand about half a meter away from each other when they are talking.(F)3. These children often spend weekends climbing the mountain together.(G)4. It’s important to put out the fire on the ship at once or it will be a disaster.(B)5. Many singers are giving a concert to raise money for the local charities.(H)6. Nowadays people pay a lot of attention to the safety of milk products.(A)B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): (共8分)7. W: You’re a new student, aren’t you?M: Yes, I am.W: Here are the rules for the library. Please read them before you go in.Q: Where does the dialogue probably take place? (A)8. M: Could you give us Jane’s address?W: With pleasure. Do you want her phone number?M: No, thanks. We have her phone number, but we can’t get her on the phone.Q: What does the man ask the woman for? (B)9. W: It has rained for three days, but sunny weather is forecasted for tomorrow.M: I’m so glad to hear that because I’d like to have a picnic tomorrow.Q: What will the weather probably be like tomorrow? (C)10. M: Those are very nice shirts. How much are they?W: Five dollars each or two for nine dollars. They are on sale today.M: I’ll take this yell ow one.Q: How much should the man pay? (B)11. W: I can’t find my invitation. What shall I do?M: Then you won’t be allowed into the hall. Everybody is checked at the entrance.W: Ah, here it is, in my pocket.Q: What will the woman probably do next? (D)12. M: If you can make up your mind about the colour, I can start on the outside of your house.W: Well, I think I want blue for the windows and yellow for the walls.Q: Who is the woman talk to? (A)13. W: Why don’t we stay at the Gran d Hotel? The food and the service there are great.M: You’re joking? Do you know how expensive that place is? We can’t afford to stay there.Q: Why is the man against staying at the Grand Hotel? (C)14. M: Do you like Professor Brown’s lectures?W: Not at all. Most of the time I don’t know what he’s talking about. He doesn’t give enoughexamples.Q: What’s the problem with Professor Brown’s lectures? (D)C. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示): (共6分)M: What’s wrong with you, Kitty?W: Er, you know, I was really upset last night. You know I had a really awful conversation with my sister, Jane.M: Really?W: She’s complaining and saying that I’m not a responsible mum. You know, I never ask my daughter, Anne, to do any housework and I don’t check her homework or anything like that, so she’s saying that Anne is going to grow up to be lazy and selfish, you know, going to be a useless person. What do you think?M: I don’t know if she’ll be useless but I think that some housework does help a child learn how to become an adult.W: Doing housework is something kids should do if they don’t go to school. It’s another kind o f work.M: Maybe sh e can work very hard as a student but, you know, sometimes it’s nice if she knows how to work hard in a garden or learns how to build something, or actually creates something with her hands. Maybe she will find fun in it. She may become a cook, a gardener, a baker or do something else...15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. TD. Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks (根据你听到的内容，完成下列句子，每空格限填一词): (共10分)Murphy applied for an engineering position (职位) in a big factory. Bob asked for the same job, and both of them were asked to take a test by the department manager. After they finished the test, both men only missed one question. The manager went to Murphy and said, “Thank you for your interest, but we’ve decided to give Bob the job.”Murphy said, “And why are you doing that? We both got nine of the questions correct.”The manager replied, “We have made our decision not because of the correct answers, but because of the question you missed.”“How would one incorrect answer be better than the other?” asked Murphy.The manager replied, “Simple. Bob answered Question 5 with ‘I don’t know.’ You wrote down ‘Neither do I.’”21. applied for 22. take...test 23. only missed 24. your interest25. wrote down。

虹口区2013学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科期终教学质量监控测试卷2014.1考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题采用多项选择题形式，答题必须涂写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题的答案和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Car seller. B. Police officer. C. Detective. D. Reporter.2. A. He was busy eating. B. John was meeting the new guests.C. John was too busy to talk to anyone.D. He didn’t notice who John was talking to.3. A. Informative. B. Difficult. C. Funny. D. Dull.4. A. Send leaflets. B. Do some gardening. C. Go sightseeing. D. Visit a lawyer.5. A. The lady’s room is a bit far.B. She has to sign her name before using the lady’s room.C. She is un able to use the lady’s room right now.D. He will lead her to the lady’s room.6. A. They shouldn’t change the plan. B. It is necessary to change the plan.C. She doesn’t believe the weather forecast.D. She doesn’t think the game will last long.7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. He lost his way. B. He worked very carefully.C. He received a traffic ticket.D. He drove in heavy traffic.9. A. Her doorbell doesn’t need repair. B. She didn’t expect him to come so early.C. The man has just arrived on time.D. It is not the right time for her.10. A. He’s unable to finish his homework. B. He can’t give the woman his computer.C. He’s to remove the virus.D. He’s infected with some disease. Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A motorist’s speeding. B. Her running into a stop sign.C. Her lack of driving experience.D. A motorist’s failure to concentrate.12. A. Nervous and unsure of herself. B. Calm and confident of herself.C. Courageous and forceful.D. Depressed and reluctant.13. A. More strict training of women drivers.B. Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C. Improved traffic conditions in cities.D. Less traffic on street.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Possible feedback of the test. B. The test questions and answer choices.C. The instructions of conducting tests.D. The score of each item of questions.15. A. Higher. B. Lower. C. Equal. D. Random.16. A. The main limits of computerized test.B. The way to control the difficulty of each question.C. The whole process of having computerized test.D. The advantages and disadvantages of computerized test.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)To be a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and 25 you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject 26 they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone you use 27 be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information 28 (deliver) to a group of your friends.Furthermore, 29 talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually 30 failure. To speak without preparing is to shoot without taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure that your subject 31 (be) definite and not too broad. zhucanqi(B)DC Hilton was one of the first Americans to find out that there was money to be made in the middle of the night. 47 years ago he bought a small restaurant on US highway 69, in Oklahoma. His main customers were truck drivers and traveling salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheeseburgerswhen they stopped 32 (break) their journey.It was they 33 first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night. 34 (think) about it for a while, he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn’t closed the door ever since.Over the years his simple burger café has been expanded 35 a 24-hour roadside empire, with a 100-seat restaurant, a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car park for mobile homes and all-night self-help laundry.Hilton was a pioneer in a 24-hour working trend, 36 has now caught on around the world. Today not only restaurants but also banks, supermarkets, mail-order firms, travel agencies and many other businesses are beginning to be open all night. But is this really a good thing?So far, a lot of research 37 (do) in America on the effect of 24-hour working, and there is growing concern about the long-term dangers of a society that doesn’t sleep. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than 38 did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionally from over-tiredness. Several of the 39 (bad) man-made disasters happened in the last few hours before dawn, when even the most experienced night-worker has difficulty 40 (stay) awake.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beThere is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, however, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the 41 areas of human activity. For example, in the late nineteenth century the connections between music and painting were 42 close. zhucanqi Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets, but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired by the work of 43 painters. Of the musical compositions that were considered as responses to the visual arts, perhaps the most famous is Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition.Mussorgsky 44 the piece in 1874 after the death, at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartmann. Though their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann’s45 death. The following year the critic, Vladimir Stasov, who decided to hold an exhibit ion of Hartmann’s work, suggested that Mussorgsky try to46 his grief by writing something in 47 of Hartmann.The exhibition served as Mussorgsky’s inspiration. The ten pieces that make up Pictures at an Exhibition are 48 as symbols rather than representations of the paintings in the exhibition. Between each is a promenade （舞曲中的行进）, as the composer walks from one painting to another. The music is sometimes witty and playful, sometimes almost alarming and frightening. Through a range of surprising 49 , Mussorgsky manages to 50 the spirit of the artist and his work.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school. These days, homeschooling in America is 51 .Teaching methods at homeschooling 52 . Some parents follow a strict timetable and 53 a traditional school environment. Other parents follow an extreme form of homeschooling in which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want. More parents, however, follow the middle 54 to provide a balance between freedom and discipline.Why do parents choose homeschooling? Some believe that children in public schools experience too much “peer pressure”, or social pressure from friends. They say it may have a 55 effect on the child’s studies. Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school. About half the parents who teach at home are 56 motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools. Whatever the 57 may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schools every year. 58 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling against public schooling.What then is the future of education? Although children often learn well at home, weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or 59 parents who say they are home-schooling. As the 60 continues, so do the questions about what home schoolers are studying at home. How can parents ensure that their children are prepared academically for college? How are home schoolers 61 to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have? Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art, but they are obviously less 62 math and science. Finally, there are questions regarding the children’s emotional development. Are they too 63 their fellow students? Are they 64 the opportunity to get the social benefits of being in a large classroom of students? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are never 65 .51. A. disappearing B. reducing C. contributing D. rising52. A. vary B. last C. exist D. work53. A. imitate B. alter C. promote D. neglect54. A. instructions B. path C. technique D. standard55. A. positive B.practical C. negative D. remarkable56. A. economically B. religiously C. physically D. psychologically57. A. effects B. suggestions C. reasons D. pressures58. A. As a result B. On the whole C. By the way D. In addition59. A. encourage B. interrupt C. contact D. monitor60. A. appreciation B. opposition C. expectation D. debate61. A. assessed B. chosen C. compared D. classified62. A. satisfied with B. involved in C. skilled at D. sure of63. A. ignorant of B. isolated from C. connected with D. worried about64. A. creating B. grasping C. awaiting D. losing65. A. acceptable B. informative C. one-sided D. practicalSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“It seems likely that a caged elephant would miss the wilderness it was born into.” a six-year study revealed.British and Canadian scientists studied 4,500 elephants in European zoos and compared them with elephants living in the wild. They found that wild elephants are healthier, live longer and reproduce more than those elephants in zoos.Wh en it comes to living in a zoo, “many species do well but elephants don’t,” said Georgia Mason, one of the researchers of the study. Many animals live longer in zoos than they do in the wild. This isn’t surprising when you consider that zoo animals are not threatened by predators (掠食者), always have plenty to eat, P.F. Productions and have professionals on hand to care for them.When it comes to elephants, however, the situation is different. The world’s largest land animals live much longer in the wild than they do in zoos.Female African elephants born in zoos live on average for 17 years, while those in the wild make it to 56. “So far,” says Mason, “We’ve got 300 African elephants in zoos in Europe, and not one’s yet reached 50.”Asian elephants are the more endangered of the two elephant species. They live for about 19 years in captivity (圈养) compared to 42 years in the wild. A few wild Asian elephants have even made it into their 70s. In Kenya, 30 to 50 percent of wild elephants reach 50 years of age.Fatness and stress are likely causes for the giant land animals’ early death in capt ivity, Mason said.The researchers say that zoos do not offer enough space for animals that can travel as far as 48 kilometers a day. Too little exercise and too much food means captive elephants put on extra weight. The weight gain can lead to heart disease and other health problems.Being “caged” is bad for health, not only for elephants, but also for humans. Be careful not to become a “caged elephant”!66. Many animals live longer in zoos owing to the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.A. they are far away from the danger of being eaten.B. they can be in a better mood there.C. they needn’t worry about their food at all.D. they are taken good care of.67. Which of the following may probably result in the early death of elephants in zoos?A. Stress and lack of delicious food.B. Loneliness and little space for activities.C. Lack of delicious food and enough exercise.D. Being stressed and over weight.68. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Zoos are not suitable for animals to live in.B. None of the animals live well in zoos due to lack of exercise.C. Compared with the elephants in zoos, wild elephants are healthier.D. Asian elephants can live longer than African elephants in zoos.69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The living conditions of animals in the world are worsening.B. Elephants can live a longer time in the wild than in zoos.C. All of us should take actions to protect wild elephants.D. The places where wild elephants live are being damaged seriously.(B)U.S. Families with a Laptop (Percentage)20406080100White Black Asian Spanish Friends Membership Card THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSE0 0 1 3 6 7 8 9Valid until 23 May 2013Name: Miss E. M. DriscollBox Office: 10865 305305 THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSEWhen booking always ask for your Friends Discount.Give your membership P.F. Productions number when booking.Please bring your card with you when collecting tickets.Your membership card is valid until the date shown on the front.This card is your proof of membership — please keep it safe at all times.70. Which of the following is true of the membership card?A. Its number is 10865 305305.B. It gets the owner a discount when used.C. It is valid through the year of 2013.D. It belongs to Mr.E. M. Driscoll.71. If one wants to attend a business lunch in London at 12:00, the latest train that he should take atOxford leaves at ________.A. 09:48B. 10:35C. 11:15D. 11:4572. If you would like to have some vegetable beef, what may be your choice?A. French Slam®.B. Chicken Fried Steak.C. Sandwich with Salad or Soup.D. The Super Bird®.73. The chart shows that from 2008 to 2013, ________.A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a laptop rose 60 pointsB. the percentage of the White families with a laptop remained unchangedC. the number of the Black families with a laptop was on the decreaseD. the number of the Asian families with a laptop showed the sharpest increase(C)Women’s minds work differently from men’s. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of failure or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this field, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes—the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline (主干线) of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres (纤维) than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. The better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. Usually, women have the better connections.But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between the sk ills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at math. If these differences correspond (相符合) with the differences in the trunkline, there is an unchangeable distinction between the sexes.We shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of the exact relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain. And we cannot understand how the two halves interact through the corpus callosum. But one thing is certain:nothing in our world is still—even scientific thought.74. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Biologists are doing research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to advantage of one sex over the other.C. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.D. The brain difference is the only difference between the sexes.75. According to the passage, it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ________factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social76. The expression of “these differences” refers to those in ________.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. learning habits77. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To suggest new areas in brain research.D. To indicate the many differences between the sexes.Section CDirections:Read the following passage and then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.You are what yo u eat and fats are a main food for Asia’s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice a nd little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量) has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat,” says Chwang.Although on the whole Asians tend towards thinness, Asians’ hospitality（好客）is the first and foremost reason for the fatness of today’s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.” In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today’s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.Needless to say, that chil dren are being spoilt by their parents is another cause of children’s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents’ improved circumstances. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food’. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”When describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on. Children get fat because they don’t move, and eventually, they don’t want to move because they’refat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games? They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” P.F. Productions says Chwang.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Despite the same volume of food, children take in more calories due to ________.79. Thanks to ________, big meals nowadays are no longer enjoyed on special occasions.80. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin?81. According to Dr. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children’s overweight today?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．今年国庆节我和妈妈参观了新建的植物园。

绝密★启用前2014年上海市虹口区中考二模英语试卷（带解析） 考试范围：xxx ；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx 1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 分卷I 分卷I 注释 一、单选题(注释) 1、She is so helpful that she is always ready to help people in trouble. Which of the following is correctfor the underlined word in the sentence? A ．/'tr37bl/ B ．/'tra7bl/ C ．/'trKbl/ D ．/'tr•bl/ 2、Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others? A ．Please focus your attention on your papers, boys and girls. B ．She likes to show off her new clothes in front of her friends. C ．I think she should improve her learning methods. D ．The boy picked a hole in his new sweater. 3、Some naughty boys like to play ________ trick on their classmates on April Fool’s Day. A ．a B ．an C ．the D ．/ 4、As students, we should work hard and do ________ best to realize our dreams. A ．us B ．our C ．ours D ．ourselves 5、Frank looks very worried today. There must be ________ wrong with him. A ．anything B ．nothing C ．something D ．everything 6、We were all ________ favor of this plan after we discussed for about two hours. A ．at B ．in C ．to D ．on 7、When the father heard from his son from abroad, he became ________. A ．exciting B ．happily C ．happiness D ．excitedA. largeB. largerC. largestD. the largest9、It’s no t safe for you to go to the forest alone, for you ________ lose your way in it. A．need B．must C．should D．may10、There is little ________ in the fridge. Let’s go to the market to buy some.A．eggs B．vegetables C．fruit D．snacks11、－________ are you always surfing the Internet these days?－To find some information about cooking.A．What B．Why C．Where D．Who12、Jane, eat less junk food like fried chicken wings, ________ you will behealthier. A．or B．and C．however D．so13、My little brother hopes ________ the film Dad, Where are We Going, though he has seen it twice.A．to see B．see C．to seeing D．saw14、While in college, Mak never minded ________ extra work for his class.A．to do B．doing C．do D．did15、Get prepared _______ you can set out immediately if something happens.A．after B．since C．while D．so that16、Quite a few people were injured or killed in this traffic accident last week, ________? A．were they B．did they C．weren’t they D．didn’t they17、Jack’s parents can’t go to the parents’ meeting because they ________ to Beijing on business.A．went B．have gone C．will go D．had gone18、If my homework ________ on Saturday, I will go to Century Park to watch the flower show on Sunday.A．is finished B．had been finishedC．was finished D．will be finished19、—Hello, may I speak to Mrs Zhou?—________A．Sure. Here you are. B．Sorry, she isn’t in.C．OK. Who are you ? D．That’s right.20、—Thank you for your gift. It’s useful for me.— ________二、完型填空(注释)21、My best friend and I were in the shop that she owns. It was the middle of the afternoon. We were both very happy and making plans for the weekend. Suddenly a man entered the shop. We knew that he didn’t look like one of our usual customers, but we welcomed him_ __ anyway. Without any hesitation he pulled something out of his coat. We didn’t notice that it was a __ __ until he ordered us to go into the back with him.After he warned us that he could fire at any time, he looked for the money everywhere, in the bank, from our wallets, and then he asked for our jewellery (珠宝) and we gave him all he wanted. Finally, he finished his “job” and left.When I was a child, I felt safe with my parents in my home or wherever I was not alone. Then I began to understand the news and I learnt that __ __ things were happening “out there”, but I still kept thinking that those events were just other people’s __ __, not mine. From the moment the man walked out of the shop, I completely ___ ___. I always look around to see which kinds of people are possibly following me. Now I usually double-check everything: if I’ve locked myself in the car or in the house. I am always careful not to wear any jewellery. Whenever a stranger is getting too close or is trying to get information from me, I feel nervous. I know that it is wrong, and that not everyone is going to _ __ me again.After all, I consider myself lucky, since nothing really bad happened to me or my friend, but since that day I haven’t felt safe any more. I hate that man not for having taken my jewellery and money, but for having deprived（剥夺）of my innocence.【小题1】A．sadly B．quietly C．angrily D．politely【小题2】A．gun B．note C．mistake D．knife【小题3】A．funny B．horrible C．pleasant D．serious【小题4】A．exchanges B．worries C．feelings D．fables【小题5】A．made a decision B．lost my way C．changed my mind D．calmed down 【小题6】A．disturb B．investigate C．fool D．attack三、阅读理解(注释)22、 Students at Empire High School started class with no text books －but it wasn’t because of money problems. Instead, the school gave iBooks －laptop computersto each of its 340 students, becoming one of the first US public schools to stop printed textbooks. School officials believe that the electronic materials will make students enjoy learning more. Empire High Schoolwas designed to have a textbook-free environment. Students at Empire High School get the materials over the school’s Internet network. The school has a central control system that limits what can be downloaded(下载) at the school. “Students can hand in homework online. We have a web program that helps to check if you copy from others,” the headmaster Baker said. In addition to offering up-to-date information, teachers can make the lessons more enjoyable. For example, lessons in history can include links to a person’s daily life, his ideas, his discovery, and so on. Social studies teacher Jeremy Gypton said the change was easier than expected. Gypton said he assigned reading based on websites, used online groups and message boards to keep the students connected. And he also asked them to comment （评论）on each other’s work. Julian Tarazon, a new student, said that it was kind of hard at first, because you had to put things in folders(文件夹). But after a couple of days, you got used to it. Another student Morgan Northcutt said the computer system had made it easier to do homework. The school isn’t completely paperless, however. It has a library, and studen ts can read books in it. “We’re not trying to get rid of books,” Baker said. “We love books.” 【小题1】The students at Empire High School will study in class without ___________ this year. A ．text messages B ．printed textbooks C ．reading materials D ．electric machines 【小题2】The teachers at Empire High School began to use iBooks because they___________. A ．had money problems B ．had limited network C ．wanted to improve their teaching D ．wanted a web program 【小题3】A central control system can help to control __________. A ．how much to download B ．what to download C ．how to download D ．why to download 【小题4】The underlined word “assigned” probably means “___________”. A ．说明 B ．完成 C ．转让 D ．布置 【小题5】The biggest advantage of the homework online is that___________.B ．information online is availableC ．there is a lot of reading based on websitesD ．it provides a platform for students to share ideas 【小题6】 The best title of the passage might be “___________”. A ．High School uses iBooks instead of textbooks B ．Don’t try to get rid of books C ．Learning without textbooks is harder D ．Doing homework online 23、Complete the following sentences as required (根据所给要求，完成下列句子。

虹口区2013学年度第一学期高三年级英语分层练习(A卷)考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Kate. B. Anna. C. Jane. D. Mary.2. A. 2:05. B. 1:55. C. 1:45. D. 2:15.3. A. Malaysia. B. Korea. C. Japan. D. Singapore.4. A. A doctor. B. A professor. C. A guide. D. A businessman.5. A. She hasn’t a dictionary. B. She is not sure how to read the word.C. She has looked the word up in the dictionary.D. She is going to buy a dictionary.6. A. To live in the country. B. To live in a big city alone.C. To live with her parents.D. To live in a big city.7. A. Buying another bicycle. B. Buying a used bicycle.C. Buying a new bicycle.D. Not buying a bicycle.8. A. There’s something wrong with the bus. B. He’s in the hospital.C. It’s going in the wrong direction.D. He missed the bus.9. A. Please sit down. B. She doesn’t want the man to sit with her.C. She’ll mind if he sits down.D. It doesn’t matter whether he sits down or not.10. A. To draw a picture. B. To open the window.C. To look at somebody.D. To take a photo with the camera.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Freezing. D. Wet.12. A. Two to four feet. B. Three feet. C. Seven feet. D. Two to three feet.13. A. A gallery. B. An exhibit. C. A device. D. A Coffee Shop.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A certificate. B. A sofa. C. A visit to a dog hotel. D. A spa (水疗).15. A. By reviewing a vet’s certificate. B. By collecting information from witnesses.C. By checking the photographs.D. All of the above.16. A. Because she is dying. B. Because she is too old to move forward.C. Because she suffers from joint problems.D. Because she usually has spa at home.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with _____25_____ experienced waitress for a few days, I was allowed to wait tables on my own. Allwent well that first week. When Saturday night came, I _____26_____ (give) the tables not far from the kitchen. However, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays(托盘).The restaurant was full of people _____27 _____I could realize that. I moved slowly, and minded every step. I remember how happy I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables; It had nice handles, _____28_____ (make) it easier to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to believe I was a natural at this job.Then, an old man came to me and said, “Excuse me, dear, my wife and I loved watching you work. _____29_____ seems that your tray stand has been very useful to you, but we are getting ready to leave now, and my wife _____30_____ wait to take her walker back.”At first his message did not get across. “What was he talking about!”Then, I got it. I _____31_____(set) my trays on his wife’s orthopedic walker(助步器). My face was on fire. I wanted to get into a hole and hide.Since then, I’ve learned that sometimes there’s no point _____32_____ (be) too sure of myself.(B)There are a variety of techniques used to bring about success in selling. Here are the most important ones _____33_____ are often mentioned by successful salespeople.•Find out _____34_____ your customers’real wants and needs are. Listen as they tell you their favours.•Know all about your product and what it can do for your customers. Product knowledge is a “must”in personal selling because it creates confidence, builds enthusiasm, and makes the situation more professional. Lay emphasis on the unique advantage of your product _____35_____ others.•Take a confident attitude in selling your product. It is _____36_____(effective) when the salesperson says, “May I help you?”than when he or she says “You wouldn’t like to see our model, _____37_____you?”•Prepare yourself _____38_____(deal) with objections. If the customer says the price is too high, you might reply, “Yes, the price may be a little higher than _____39_____(plan). However, actually, you will save money _____40_____ high quality of this product.”Don’t disagree with your customer in any case when he or she says the price is too high.•Use praise wisely.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Television watching is an activity which is known to be harmful to health and is distinct fromgetting too little exercise. But a new study suggests its damaging effects may even _____41_____ alongside those from smoking and obesity(肥胖). Researchers who studied television viewing habits in Australia calculated that people who watch for a(n) _____42_____ of six hours a day shorten their life expectancy(预期寿命) by almost five years.They based their calculations on data on the _____43 _____between television viewing and death from the Australian obesity and lifestyle study which involved 11,000 adults aged 25 and over. Applying these findings to the whole population over 25, who are estimated to have watched 9.8 billion hours of TV in 2008, they concluded that it _____44_____ for 286,000 years of life lost — equivalent to 22 minutes for each hour watched. By _____45_____, smoking one cigarette is estimated to shorten life expectancy by 11 minutes — equivalent to half an hour of TV watching.Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the authors from the University of Queensland, say the figures suggest “huge loss of life may be _____46_____ with too much TV viewing.” The UK and other industrialized countries are likely to be similarly affected “given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and the similarities in disease patterns.” The researchers add: “If these figures are_____47_____ and shown to reflect a cause and effect relationship, TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factors.”Researchers from Taiwan University found even those who did as little as 92 minutes’exercise a week —equivalent to 15 minutes a day for six days a week —reduced their _____48_____ of death by 14 per cent. Even this small amount of exercise could _____49_____ one in six of all deaths —similar to the effects of a stop-smoking programme. Each _____50_____ 15 minutes a day reduced the death rate by a further 4 per cent.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To understand how Americans think about things, it is necessary to understand “the point”. Americans mention it often: “Let’s get right to the point”, they will say: “My point is …”“What’s the point of all this?”The “point”is the _____51_____ or piece of information that Americans suppose is, or should be, _____52_____ of people’s thinking, writings, and spoken comments. Speakers and writers are supposed to ”make their points clear”, _____53_____ that they are supposed to say or write clearly the idea or piece of information they wish to _____54_____.People from many other cultures have different ideas about the _____55_____. Africans traditionally tell stories that express the _____56_____ they have in mind, rather than stating out “the point”clearly. Japanese traditionally speak _____57_____, leaving the listener to _____58_____ what the point is. _____59_____, while an American might say to a friend, “I don’t think that coat goes very well with the rest of your outfit”, a Japanese might say, “Maybe another coat would look even _____60_____ than the one you have on.”Americans _____61_____ a person who “gets right to the point”. Japanese are likely to consider such a person lacking thoughtfulness and sympathy if not _____62_____.The Chinese and Japanese languages are characterized by vagueness and ambiguity(模棱两可). The precision and directness Americans associate with “the point” cannot be _____63_____, at least not with any grace, in Chinese and Japanese. Speakers of those languages thus have to _____64_____ a new way of reasoning and expressing their ideas _____65_____ they are going to communicate satisfactorily with Americans.51. A. word B. idea C. place D. time52. A. at the center B. on the basis C. on the part D. beyond the reach53. A. thinking B. explaining C. meaning D. stating54. A. discuss B. remember C. express D. criticize55. A. point B. information C. reasons D. feelings56. A. comments B. meanings C. secret D. thought57. A. frankly B. indirectly C. reluctantly D. truly58. A. figure out B. search for C. make up D. look over59. A. Otherwise B. However C. Moreover D. Thus60. A. tighter B. better C. thicker D. longer61. A. value B. forgive C. punish D. insult62. A. sensitive B. foolish C. rude D. loyal63. A. corrected B. achieved C. changed D. explained64. A. learn B. consider C. suggest D. decide65. A. although B. because C. until D. ifSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the delegates at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child,” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this would be. In school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do? You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make your actions reflect your words.”I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe I had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励) action. Now, a decade from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices —education, career, lifestyle —life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is in progress, but aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy or sustainable(可持续的) way of living.And we are learning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was ideal and innocent.Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change.66. The purpose of what the writer said at the age of 12 was to _____.A. end poverty and make school beautifulB. find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselvesC. end poverty and solve the problems about environmentD. find a wonderful place and clean it up67. What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to _____.A. a long period of laughingB. a warm welcomeC. an expression used for greetingD. a long period of clapping and applause68. It becomes clear that the writer is possibly _____ now.A. in his teensB. in his twentiesC. in his thirtiesD. in his forties69. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature.B. the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment.C. the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice.D. the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up.(B)70. Zeo is a revolution in the science of sleep mainly because it _____.A. can record one’s sleep processB. is the first product to manage one’s sleepC. is free of medical risksD. provides access to sleep fitness websites71. What is the most remarkable feature of Zeo?A. Its direct contact with sleep scientists.B. Its individualized coaching program.C. Its effectiveness in curing sleep disorders.D. Its immediate analysis of sleep data.70. What customer service does Zeo provide?A. Cheap online tools.B. A 30-day action plan.C. Personalized bedside display.D. Free delivery of the product.71. The passage is primarily written to _____.A. encourage people to try the new productB. instruct people how to use a new toolC. provide the latest health informationD. illustrate the importance of good sleep habit(C)Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced rapid growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users remain unaware of the fact that the information they post online can come back to haunt them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for controversial(引起争议的) employee opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she wrote about the strange things of her job and coworkers without signing her real name.The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on prospective employees. A June 11, 2006 New York Times article reported that many companies use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks on college campuses. Although the use of MySpace or Google to check a student’s background is somewhat unsettling to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alum(校友).Corporate employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet — especially Facebook — for student bad behavior. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential dangers of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions(警惕). First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled(不满的) former associate. Third, never post obviously offensive material under your name or on your page, because, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.74. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.A. explain the growth of the digital world from the view of privacyB. discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourselfC. propose steps Facebook, MySpace, and Google can take to protect user privacyD. illustrate potential unintended uses of private information75. The writer implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT _____.A. know to whom you make your online information availableB. actively hunt for damaging information posted about you or under your nameC. speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about youD. avoid uploading information that would be extremely damaging if it were discovered76. According to the passage, which of the following does the author imply?A. Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permitted in court.B. It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online.C. Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it.D. Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself brings no risk.77. In the last paragraph the author mainly _____.A. offers detailed examples to support previous viewpointsB. further explores the ill-effects of the Internet on the protection of privacyC. summarizes the points of the above paragraphsD. provides suggestions to overcome the previously mentioned problemsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.New technology links the world as never before. Our plant has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.”He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent(流行的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employer at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN SIX WORDS.)78. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind”in paragraph 3 probably means ________________.79. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?80. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations inemploying people today?81. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can __________________.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 不努力我们是很容易落伍的。

虹口区2023学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.No Filming at Concerts and Movie Theaters on Phones “Please, no flash photography.”Polite requests like this can be found in museums all over the world, but they generally don’t discourage people from taking photos of ____21____ they feel like. The same goes for concerts, movie theaters and other places ____22____ people routinely ignore filming restrictions. A new patent from Apple may block that rule-breaking feature—on phones at least.The patent, ____23____ (award) to Apple today, outlines a system which would allow venues, like concert halls or theaters, to use an infrared emitter (红外发射器) to remotely disable the camera function on smartphones. According to the patent, infrared beams could be picked up by the camera, and interpreted by thesmartphone as a command ____24____ (block) the user from taking any photos or videos.Many musicians and performers have banned cellphones from their shows ____25____ they object to the free footage circulating around the web. ____26____ this, images still manage to leak out. Prince’s last concert before he passed away in April was supposed to be cellphone-free—it apparently wasn’t. If Apple’s patent ____27____ (introduce) into iPhone software, with venues putting infrared emitters around their stage, leaks like this could potentially stop happening.But the patent also raises questions about the sort of power that this technology would be handing over to ____28____ with more immoral intentions.Given the company’s rigid support of personal privacy when it comes to police requests to break into users’ devices, it’s possible that Apple just ____29____ (patent) the technology so that no one else will use it. But who knows, if it does intend to introduce this feature to future operating systems, sales of camcorders, or even GoPros, could get a much-needed boost, as people try to avoid _____30_____ (use) the prohibitive software.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from thebox. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. chaosB. consumeC. plentifulD. dischargeE. evolutionarilyF. extentG. freezeH. mechanismI. novelJ. subsequentlyK. unstable Science in ImagesOyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then ___31___ the worms for nutrition.“Nematodes happen to be the most ___32___ animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, ___33___, this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow ___34___ the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This ___35___ differs from those used by othermeat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of ___36___ compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and ___37___ analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures ___38___ their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.Before this study, “we underestimated the ___39___ to which wild mushrooms defend against or c onsume nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very ____40____ approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some re ally amazing work with them.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are fourwords or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the middle of 2023, a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology. For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people ___41___ to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language, using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology. This is the closest science has yet come to ___42___ someone’s mind.Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sen se of self. ___43___ this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives. But it could also give other entities, such as corporations, researchers and other third parties, a(n) ___44___ degree of insight into, or even control over, the lives of patients. The NeuroRights Foundation, based at Columbia University in New York, argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be ___45___ for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will. The potential ___46___ of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.___47___ this approach, Chile was the first country that adopted legislation, drafting new laws, to address the risks ofneurotechnology. It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental ___48___, but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata, and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices, even those intended for the general consumer.The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely ___49___ nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues, which cannot be bought or sold, only donated. But this legislation has also faced ____50____, with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and ____51____ to date, other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies. And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical, future ____52____ are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes. The growing ____53____ of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.Different people, societies, and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line. We are at a(n) ____54____ stage of technological development. And as we begin to uncover the great potential ofbrain science, the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more ____55____.41. A. eager B. ready C. unwilling D. unable42. A. clearing B. occupying C. changing D. reading43. A. Reducing B. Restricting C. Restoring D. Requiring44. A. irrelevant B. uncomfortable C. negligible D. supportive45. A. needed B. limited C. controlled D. denied46. A. application B. weakness C. impact D. significance47. A. In comparison with B. In line with C. At the conclusion of D. At the cost of48. A. integrity B. condition C. disorder D. function49. A. group B. general C. physical D. personal50. A. interaction B. chance C. criticism D. defence51. A. far-reaching B. labor-saving C. short-sighted D. ill-timed52. A. advances B. arrangements C. requirements D. policies53. A. confidence B. availability C. membership D. movement54. A. mature B. initial C. different D. final55. A. diversified B. genuine C. pressing D. specialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I used to think I was a good person. I was caring to my friends, my partner, my family; I gave to charity and I volunteered. But when I started training to become a therapist (治疗师), I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people, we don’t actually know ourselves very well. I learned about how we might, without consciously realizing it, deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad, pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others, so they become the bad people. I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority—whether we want to acknowledge them or not.It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. We first spoke two years ago. He was unemployed, living with his parents, watching his friends’ lives progress. A good grown-up, he told me, is “someone who has his ducks in a row”—and that wasn’t him.I also didn’t feel like the competent, confident grown-up I thought I should be—and neither did most of the adults I knew. Iresearched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later, if at all—from buying a home to getting married or starting a family. I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it.Then I saw Boru again. He told me how, over two years, he’d found a job he loves, rented a flat with a friend. He’s now cycling round the world, having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life. So what changed “You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.”I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. Boru does it on his bike, I do it in psychoanalysis, others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music. That, for Boru, and for me, is what it means to “have his ducks in a row”.56. What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselvesA. Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth.B. Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate.C. True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides.D. Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception.57. What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about beinga good grown-upA. It involves having a clear career path and financial stability.B. It requires constant self-improvement and education.C. It means being employed and living independently.D. It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty.58. What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adultA. Escaping basic responsibilities.B. Delaying reaching traditional life milestones.C. Comparing personal achievements to others.D. Investigating changing patterns of adult life.59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passageA. Why Hide HarmsB. How to Be Better AdultsC. Why Growing up MattersD. How to Have Effective Conversations(B)Guided Desert AdventureTypical desert activities like sandboarding, dune bashing and quad bikingWith this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert.You’ll start your tour b y driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.What’s includedPickup and drop-off20 minutes of sandboarding35 minutes of dune bashing25 minutes of quad biking10-minute camel rideWater and soft drinksA drive through a camel farmAdditional informationRequires a high level of physical fitness.Not suitable for children between 0 and 5.Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult.Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets andfruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only.60. What kind of experiences can participants expect from this tripA. Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune.B. Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride.C. An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities.D. Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera.61. How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the 14:00 tourA. US$ 180.B. US$ 220.C. US$ 265.D. US$ 400.62. Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tourA. The show was great! I highly recommend!B. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it.C. The place is cool, easy to find and get to with metro.D. Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue.(C)Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole.A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—itgives customers an i mportant sense of a company’s philosophy. Consider Saturn Corporation (a wholly owned company of General Motors). Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with. Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance. But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100 Of course not. Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal.Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over tothe price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders. 63. Why is it essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategyA. To maximize possible returns and profits.B. To maintain consistency in business operations.C. To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs.D. To attract customers to social events and trainings.64. What does Saturn’s “no hassle, no haggle” policy (paragraph 2) most probably meanA. Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely.B. Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers.C. Saturn cars are at least $100 cheaper than other cars.D. Saturn cars are sold at fixed, non-negotiable prices.65 What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing processA. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information.B. The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input.C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process.D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best.66. Which of the following is the best title for this passageA. The art of coordinating pricing processesB. The best sales negotiation techniquesC Getting one step closer toward better pricingD. Maximizing profits through pricing policiesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Your Life Is Better Than You ThinkThe undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. ______67______While we may have a loving family a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less inresponse to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. ______68______ You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.______69______ That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized. The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary thi ngs suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. ______70______ If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.A. And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture.B. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognizeC. Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress.D. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it.E. Rather than focus on how to see our life better, we need to learn to better our life.F. The good news is that you can dishabituate.IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your HeadWe all get a sensation when a song, for no apparent reason, refuses to leave your head —in fact we’re no strangers to the dreaded “ear-worm.” But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.To do this, most frequent ear-worms of the participants wereentered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all. The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music. A classic example of a common contour (音调的升降曲线) pattern is heard in Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star, where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls. This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes, but also in pop music.In addition to the melodic shape, the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual. “Our findings show that you can, to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,” says one of the researchers, “This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle (短歌) everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people._______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _________________________V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 火山喷发是多么令人惊叹自然现象呀！(What) （汉译英）_______________________________________________________________________ _________________73. 除非提供更新鲜的内容给观众，否则视频流量就会下降。

二模翻译专练【虹口区】1、现在人们已经习惯于将坏天气与空气污染联想到一起。

（associate）2、学生们难得有机会目睹那位著名的诺贝尔文学奖获得者。

（Seldom）3、上海迪士尼乐园肯定会成为一个值得多次游览的旅游景点。

（worth）4、正是因为社会过分重视外表，不少年轻人改变了他们原有的饮食习惯。

（It）5、汤姆错过了那场公众评价很高的电影，并非因为买不到电影票，而是因为交通堵塞。

（available）【黄浦区】1、在假期学生也能使用图书馆。

（access）2、新政策会给我们带来好处还是危害还拭目以待。

（remain）3、让没有受过专业培训的人操纵机器是不负责任的行为。

（who）4、如果我们换个角度来看问题，也许能找到切实可行的解决办法。

（who）5、他有着如此坚强的意志，定会不遗余力，力争提前完成任务。

（such...that）1、这家超市的特色是24小时服务。

（feature v.）2、趁一切还来得及，去赞美你爱着、关心着的人吧。

（before）3、直到那位母亲确信她的儿子已安然无恙地到家，她才松一口气。

（Not...until）4、是不是正是老师的鼓励才使你下定决心去报考你心仪的大学？（强调句）5、因为人们坚信食物对健康是至关重要的，所以好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。

（belief）【杨浦区】1、当你独处在外时，记得让手机保持开机状态。

（keep）2、他不顾新颁布的法律，坚持在春节期间燃放烟花。

（regardless）3、任何情况下父母都不能强迫孩子去做超出他们能力范围的事情。

（circumstances）4、正是他在一家IT公司的经历才使他在众多的申请者中脱颖引而出。

（enable）5、人工智能程序AlphaGo打败顶级职业选手的消息引起了全世界的关注。

（concern）1、自上周起，孩子们就兴奋地聊着出游的打算。

（chat）2、新的考试制度给学生更多选择科目和大学的自由。

虹口区2014年英语学科高考练习题2014.4 考生注意: 1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—10页）和第Ⅱ卷（第11页），全卷共11页。

第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题为选择题，答题必须涂在答题纸上，第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷(共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A carpenter. B. A doctor. C. An electrician. D. An editor. 2. A. $40. B. $30. C. $20. D. $10. 3. A. Confused. B. Sympathetic. C. Embarrassed. D. Uninterested. 4. A. Leave right away. B. Stay for dinner. C. Catch a train. D. Have a meeting. 5. A. He believes that Jack will sell his house. B. He believes that Jack is joking. C. He disagrees with Jack. D. He believes that Jack will quit his job. 6. A. There won’t be enough cups left. B. They’ve got plenty of cups.C. They’re buying what they need.D. They’ve got e nough food for the picnic. 7. A. Jerry really wants the scholarship. B. No one wants the scholarship. C. Jerry isn’t interested in the scholarship.D. Others like the scholarship more than Jerry. 8. A. He did better than expected. B. He failed the maths exam. C. He used to be a top student. D. He answered only 10% of the questions. 9. A. He rarely receives letters from home. B. He is expecting a letter from abroad. C. He wrote to his family last month. D. He is anxious to go back home. 10. A. He’s afraid to take exams.B. He only took the fourth exam. C. He isn’t the only one who was graded.D. He didn’t get the highest score on one exam.Complete the form. Write Information about Applying for Driving LicenceThe man’s nationality: The man’s identity:The subject the man is teaching: Not a 17 , but a Chinese A visiting 18 19 The cost of an official translation: 20 dollars Complete the form. Write In the 21 of a company. In which section of the company does the woman work? What can be the best ways of gaining experience? 22 . Why does the woman raise a dog? Helping to 23 of her work. How does the woman deal with the difficult people? Try to be 24 . VocabularyA25 rejected 27 living 26 was rejected been living 28 I came home for Thanksgiving. At first, everything was going as my mother. 29 30 mom informed me that she wanted me home at one a.m. I was wild with anger! I were the 31 32 33 34 scientist appreciates appreciates 35 36 strive 37 may strive obtain 38 to obtain 39 or no training in science 40 A. adapt B. natives C. identities D. cost-saving E. alert F. instead G. established H. practically I. route J. enrolled K. significant already established digital 41 were just not being used, but, 42 , the college will offer freshman 43 year, freshman il to the student’s already 44 45 to the cloud. While the Boston College decision may have been made for 46 47 By going this 48 , there are still some challenges to overcome, though. For example, a forget to 49 on 50 AB, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 51 sharper working 52 . . A 53 54 According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 55 , a 2007 study information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 56 57 58 59 can 60 According to , you 61 62 63 Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly. 64 study 65 Every Every so so so often, often, often, one one one of of of those those those magazines magazines magazines would would would run run run an an an article article article on on on the the the ―Car ―Car of of the the the Futureǁ. Futureǁ. Futureǁ. They They featured unconventional things like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I don’t steer it carefully.But guess what? All of these things are likely to change in the not-so-distant future. It may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things. Airbags Airbags aren’t aren’t aren’t the the the be be be-all -all -all and and and end-all end-all end-all in in in safety. safety. safety. In In In fact, fact, fact, considering considering considering the the the recent recent recent news news news about about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed crashes, they obviously still need some development. But they aren’t going away, and in fact, you can expect to see cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer. Better than systems tominimize injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening in the first place? Future cars may be able to remove many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, and tailgating (与前车距离过近). ). Cars Cars Cars could could could be be be equipped equipped equipped with with with sensors sensors sensors that that that can can can detect detect detect alcohol alcohol alcohol in in in a a a driver’s driver’s driver’s system system system and and prevent the car from being started, for example. As early as next year, you’ll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control s ystems. If the radar determines you’re closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle （油门）. Scientists are now working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway on its own. Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves? 66. The author was fascinated by cars because ________. A. other small boys liked to own a car of their own, too B. he read untraditional things about cars in his brother’s magazinesC. his oldest brother loved to take him to places in his car D. he often booked cool car magazines himself 67. 67. By By By saying saying saying ――my car doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do ǁ, ǁ, the the author means that ________. A. my car is far better than my brother’sB. my car is not as good as my broth er’sC. much improvement has been made in the design of cars recently D. not much has changed in the performance of cars so far 68. Which of the following statements is true of airbags? A. They are going to disappear gradually. B. They are in need of further improvement. C. They are a standard feature of European cars. D. They kill people instead of protecting them in low-speed crashes. 69. According to the author, what will future cars do if the sensors detect alcohol in the driver’s system? A. They will not start. B. They will ease up on the throttle. C. They will brake automatically. D. They will give a warning in advance. Global English CenterGeneral English in all four skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. *3-month（700 yuan）, 6-month（1,200 yuan）and one-year（2,000 yuan）courses. —Fri. *Choice of morning or evening classes, 3 hours per day, Mon.*Experienced college English teachers. *Close to city center and bus stops. Tel: 67705272 Add: 105 Zhongshan Road, 100082 Modern Language SchoolSpecial courses in English for business, travel, banking, hotel management and office skills. *Small classes（12-16 students）on Sat. & Sun. from 2:00-5:00 p. m. *Native English teachers from Canada and the USA. *Language lab and computers supplied. *3-month course: 1,050 yuan; 6-month course: 1,850 yuan. Write or phone: Modern Language School, 675 Park Road. 100056 Tel: 67353019 The 21st Century English Training Centre*We specialize in effective teaching at all levels. *We offer morning or afternoon classes. Both three months and a half at a cost of 800 yuan. *We also have a six-week TOEFL preparation class during winter and summer holidays. *Entrance exams：June 1 and Dec. 1. *Only 15-minute walk from city center. Call 67801642 for more information. The International House of English*Three／Six-month English courses for students of all levels at very low cost: 60 yuan for 12 hours per week. *Convenient class hours: 9:00-12:00 a. m. and 2:00-5:00 p.m. *A four-month evening program for developing speaking skills（same cost as day classes）. *Free sightseeing and social activities. *Very close to the Central Park. For further information call 67432308. receiving that technology can be met through expansion. The airliner market is not such a device. The The danger danger danger comes comes comes when when when the the the new new new entrant entrant entrant no no no longer longer longer needs needs needs the the the established established established Western Western Western partner partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual ability to design and build its own aircraft. An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base, the high-cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner. 74. T he author’s attitude towards Western/Eastern cooperation can be described as ________. A. positive B. progressive C. conservative D. negative 75. ―The airliner market is not such a deviceǁ means that the airliner market ________.A. does not encourage technology transfer B. is too limited to offer chances of success C. requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devices D. is full of competitions for new entrants 76. According to the author, a wise established manufacturer should ________. A. try to benefit from both financial and technical resources B. break up his partnership with the East once profits are made C. keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airliners D. cooperate with Asian partners for a short time 77. The word ―baseǁ i n the last paragraph represents ________. A. a place for aircraft production B. the operation of aircraft C. a research institute D. a position where to build office Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. ―There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth truth is is is far far far from from from that,ǁ that,ǁ that,ǁ says says says sociologist sociologist sociologist Larry Larry Larry Bumpass Bumpass Bumpass of of of the the the University University University of of of Wisconsin. Wisconsin. Wisconsin. Today, Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. Analysts raised a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. One important reason is that the marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people, which is second to skyrocketing housing costs to which young people find their wings wings attached. attached. attached. Besides, Besides, Besides, a a a high high high divorce divorce divorce rate rate rate and and and a a a declining declining declining remarriage remarriage remarriage rate rate rate are are are sending sending economically economically pressed pressed pressed and and and emotionally emotionally emotionally hurt hurt hurt survivors survivors survivors back back back to to to parental parental parental shelters. shelters. shelters. For For For some, some, some, the the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so great that many many students now students now attend local schools. Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, ―It is ri diculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.ǁ But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are are the the the quarrels quarrels quarrels over over over bathrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms, telephones telephones telephones and and and privacy. privacy. privacy. Some Some Some families, families, families, however, however, however, manage manage manage the the delicate delicate balancing balancing balancing act. act. act. But But But for for for others, others, others, it it it proves proves proves too too too difficult. difficult. difficult. Michelle Michelle Michelle Del Del Del Turco, Turco, Turco, 24, 24, 24, has has has been been home three times — and left three times. ―What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,ǁ she explains. ―He never liked anyone I dated, s o I either had to hide away to meet them at friends’ houses.ǁIt is really hard to say how long adult children should live with their parents before moving on. on. Nevertheless, Nevertheless, Nevertheless, it it it is is is commonly commonly commonly recognized recognized recognized that that that lengthy lengthy lengthy homecomings homecomings homecomings are are are a a a mistake mistake mistake and and and they they accidentally accidentally destroy destroy destroy the the the advantage advantage advantage of of of brief brief brief visits visits visits that that that will will will strengthen strengthen strengthen the the the relationship relationship relationship between between parents and children. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with ―a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.ǁ And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS .)78. What’s the most important reason for young adults’ returning to the nest?79. Knighton enjoys living at home due to ________. 80. What has resulted in the Michelle Del Turco’s unhappy experience with her dad?81. From the passage, we can conclude it is ________ that benefit(s) both adult children and their parents to avoid lengthy homecomings. 第 II 卷 (共47分) I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 他们的建议听起来和我们的同样可行。

虹口区2013学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科期终教学质量监控测试卷2014.1考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题采用多项选择题形式，答题必须涂写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题的答案和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Car seller. B. Police officer. C. Detective. D. Reporter.2. A. He was busy eating. B. John was meeting the new guests.C. John was too busy to talk to anyone.D. He didn‟t notice who John was talking to.3. A. Informative. B. Difficult. C. Funny. D. Dull.4. A. Send leaflets. B. Do some gardening. C. Go sightseeing. D. Visit a lawyer.5. A. The lady‟s room is a bit far.B. She has to sign her name before using the lady‟s room.C. She is un able to use the lady‟s room right now.D. He will lead her to the lady‟s room.6. A. They shouldn‟t change the plan. B. It is necessary to change the plan.C. She doesn‟t believe the weather forecast.D. She doesn‟t think the game will last long.7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. He lost his way. B. He worked very carefully.C. He received a traffic ticket.D. He drove in heavy traffic.9. A. Her doorbell doesn‟t need repair. B. She didn‟t expect him to come so early.C. The man has just arrived on time.D. It is not the right time for her.10. A. He‟s unable to finish his homework. B. He can‟t give the woman his computer.C. He‟s to remove the virus.D. He‟s infected with some disease. Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A motorist‟s speeding. B. Her running into a stop sign.C. Her lack of driving experience.D. A motorist‟s failure to concentrate.12. A. Nervous and unsure of herself. B. Calm and confident of herself.C. Courageous and forceful.D. Depressed and reluctant.13. A. More strict training of women drivers.B. Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C. Improved traffic conditions in cities.D. Less traffic on street.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Possible feedback of the test. B. The test questions and answer choices.C. The instructions of conducting tests.D. The score of each item of questions.15. A. Higher. B. Lower. C. Equal. D. Random.16. A. The main limits of computerized test.B. The way to control the difficulty of each question.C. The whole process of having computerized test.D. The advantages and disadvantages of computerized test.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)To be a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and 25 you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject 26 they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone you use 27 be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information 28 (deliver) to a group of your friends.Furthermore, 29 talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually 30 failure. To speak without preparing is to shoot without taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure that your subject 31 (be) definite and not too broad. zhucanqi(B)DC Hilton was one of the first Americans to find out that there was money to be made in the middle of the night. 47 years ago he bought a small restaurant on US highway 69, in Oklahoma. His main customers were truck drivers and traveling salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheeseburgerswhen they stopped 32 (break) their journey.It was they 33 first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night. 34 (think) about it for a while, he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn‟t closed the door ever since.Over the years his simple burger café has been expanded 35 a 24-hour roadside empire, with a 100-seat restaurant, a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car park for mobile homes and all-night self-help laundry.Hilton was a pioneer in a 24-hour working trend, 36 has now caught on around the world. Today not only restaurants but also banks, supermarkets, mail-order firms, travel agencies and many other businesses are beginning to be open all night. But is this really a good thing?So far, a lot of research 37 (do) in America on the effect of 24-hour working, and there is growing concern about the long-term dangers of a society that doesn‟t sleep. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than 38 did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionally from over-tiredness. Several of the 39 (bad) man-made disasters happened in the last few hours before dawn, when even the most experienced night-worker has difficulty 40 (stay) awake.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beThere is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, however, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the 41 areas of human activity. For example, in the late nineteenth century the connections between music and painting were 42 close. zhucanqi Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets, but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired by the work of 43 painters. Of the musical compositions that were considered as responses to the visual arts, perhaps the most famous is Mussorgsky‟s Pictures at an Exhibition.Mussorgsky 44 the piece in 1874 after the death, at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartmann. Though their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann‟s45 death. The following year the critic, Vladimir Stasov, who decided to hold an exhibit ion of Hartmann‟s work, suggested that Mussorgsky try to46 his grief by writing something in 47 of Hartmann.The exhibition served as Mussorgsky‟s inspiration. The ten pieces that make up Pictures at an Exhibition are 48 as symbols rather than representations of the paintings in the exhibition. Between each is a promenade （舞曲中的行进）, as the composer walks from one painting to another. The music is sometimes witty and playful, sometimes almost alarming and frightening. Through a range of surprising 49 , Mussorgsky manages to 50 the spirit of the artist and his work.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school. These days, homeschooling in America is 51 .Teaching methods at homeschooling 52 . Some parents follow a strict timetable and 53 a traditional school environment. Other parents follow an extreme form of homeschooling in which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want. More parents, however, follow the middle 54 to provide a balance between freedom and discipline.Why do parents choose homeschooling? Some believe that children in public schools experience too much “peer pressure”, or social pressure from friends. They say it may have a 55 effect on the child‟s studies. Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school. About half the parents who teach at home are 56 motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools. Whatever the 57 may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schools every year. 58 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling against public schooling.What then is the future of education? Although children often learn well at home, weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or 59 parents who say they are home-schooling. As the 60 continues, so do the questions about what home schoolers are studying at home. How can parents ensure that their children are prepared academically for college? How are home schoolers 61 to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have? Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art, but they are obviously less 62 math and science. Finally, there are questions regarding the children‟s emotional development. Are they too 63 their fellow students? Are they 64 the opportunity to get the social benefits of being in a large classroom of students? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are never 65 .51. A. disappearing B. reducing C. contributing D. rising52. A. vary B. last C. exist D. work53. A. imitate B. alter C. promote D. neglect54. A. instructions B. path C. technique D. standard55. A. positive B.practical C. negative D. remarkable56. A. economically B. religiously C. physically D. psychologically57. A. effects B. suggestions C. reasons D. pressures58. A. As a result B. On the whole C. By the way D. In addition59. A. encourage B. interrupt C. contact D. monitor60. A. appreciation B. opposition C. expectation D. debate61. A. assessed B. chosen C. compared D. classified62. A. satisfied with B. involved in C. skilled at D. sure of63. A. ignorant of B. isolated from C. connected with D. worried about64. A. creating B. grasping C. awaiting D. losing65. A. acceptable B. informative C. one-sided D. practicalSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“It seems likely that a caged elephant would miss the wilderness it was born into.” a six-year study revealed.British and Canadian scientists studied 4,500 elephants in European zoos and compared them with elephants living in the wild. They found that wild elephants are healthier, live longer and reproduce more than those elephants in zoos.Wh en it comes to living in a zoo, “many species do well but elephants don‟t,” said Georgia Mason, one of the researchers of the study. Many animals live longer in zoos than they do in the wild. This isn‟t surprising when you consider that zoo animals are not threatened by predators (掠食者), always have plenty to eat, P.F. Productions and have professionals on hand to care for them.When it comes to elephants, however, the situation is different. The world‟s largest land animals live much longer in the wild than they do in zoos.Female African elephants born in zoos live on average for 17 years, while those in the wild make it to 56. “So far,” says Mason, “We‟ve got 300 African elephants in zoos in Europe, and not one‟s yet reached 50.”Asian elephants are the more endangered of the two elephant species. They live for about 19 years in captivity (圈养) compared to 42 years in the wild. A few wild Asian elephants have even made it into their 70s. In Kenya, 30 to 50 percent of wild elephants reach 50 years of age.Fatness and stress are likely causes for the giant land animals‟ early death in capti vity, Mason said.The researchers say that zoos do not offer enough space for animals that can travel as far as 48 kilometers a day. Too little exercise and too much food means captive elephants put on extra weight. The weight gain can lead to heart disease and other health problems.Being “caged” is bad for health, not only for elephants, but also for humans. Be careful not to become a “caged elephant”!66. Many animals live longer in zoos owing to the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.A. they are far away from the danger of being eaten.B. they can be in a better mood there.C. they needn‟t worry about their food at all.D. they are taken good care of.67. Which of the following may probably result in the early death of elephants in zoos?A. Stress and lack of delicious food.B. Loneliness and little space for activities.C. Lack of delicious food and enough exercise.D. Being stressed and over weight.68. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Zoos are not suitable for animals to live in.B. None of the animals live well in zoos due to lack of exercise.C. Compared with the elephants in zoos, wild elephants are healthier.D. Asian elephants can live longer than African elephants in zoos.69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The living conditions of animals in the world are worsening.B. Elephants can live a longer time in the wild than in zoos.C. All of us should take actions to protect wild elephants.D. The places where wild elephants live are being damaged seriously.(B)Friends Membership Card THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSE00136789Valid until 23 May 2013Name: Miss E. M. DriscollBox Office: 10865 305305 THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSEWhen booking always ask for your Friends Discount.Give your membership P.F. Productions number when booking.Please bring your card with you when collecting tickets.Your membership card is valid until the date shown on the front.This card is your proof of membership — please keep it safe at all times.U.S. Families with a Laptop (Percentage)70. Which of the following is true of the membership card?A. Its number is 10865 305305.B. It gets the owner a discount when used.C. It is valid through the year of 2013.D. It belongs to Mr.E. M. Driscoll.71. If one wants to attend a business lunch in London at 12:00, the latest train that he should take atOxford leaves at ________.A. 09:48B. 10:35C. 11:15D. 11:4572. If you would like to have some vegetable beef, what may be your choice?A. French Slam®.B. Chicken Fried Steak.C. Sandwich with Salad or Soup.D. The Super Bird®.73. The chart shows that from 2008 to 2013, ________.A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a laptop rose 60 pointsB. the percentage of the White families with a laptop remained unchangedC. the number of the Black families with a laptop was on the decreaseD. the number of the Asian families with a laptop showed the sharpest increase(C)Women‟s minds work differently from men‟s. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of failure or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this field, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes—the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline (主干线) of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres (纤维) than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. The better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. Usually, women have the better connections.But it isn‟t all that easy to explain the actual differences between the ski lls of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at math. If these differences correspond (相符合) with the differences in the trunkline, there is an unchangeable distinction between the sexes.We shan‟t know for a while, partly because we don‟t know of the exact relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain. And we cannot understand how the two halves interact through the corpus callosum. But one thing is certain:nothing in our world is still—even scientific thought.74. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Biologists are doing research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to advantage of one sex over the other.C. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.D. The brain difference is the only difference between the sexes.75. According to the passage, it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ________factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social76. The expression of “these differences” refers to those in ________.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. learning habits77. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To suggest new areas in brain research.D. To indicate the many differences between the sexes.Section CDirections:Read the following passage and then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.You are what you eat and fats are a main food for Asia‟s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice an d little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量) has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat,” says Chwang.Although on the w hole Asians tend towards thinness, Asians‟ hospitality（好客）is the first and foremost reason for the fatness of today‟s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.” In t he past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today‟s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.Needless to say, that child ren are being spoilt by their parents is another cause of children‟s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents‟ improved circumstances. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them …quality food‟. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”When describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on. Children get fat because they don‟t move, and eventually, they don‟t want to move because they‟refat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games? They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” P.F. Productions says Chwang.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Despite the same volume of food, children take in more calories due to ________.79. Thanks to ________, big meals nowadays are no longer enjoyed on special occasions.80. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin?81. According to Dr. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children‟s overweight today?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．今年国庆节我和妈妈参观了新建的植物园。

虹口区2013学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科期终教学质量监控测试卷2014.1考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题采用多项选择题形式，答题必须涂写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题的答案和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Car seller. B. Police officer. C. Detective. D. Reporter.2. A. He was busy eating. B. John was meeting the new guests.C. John was too busy to talk to anyone.D. He didn?t notice who John was talking to.3. A. Informative. B. Difficult. C. Funny. D. Dull.4. A. Send leaflets. B. Do some gardening. C. Go sightseeing. D. Visit a lawyer.5. A. The lady?s room is a bit far.B. She has to sign her name before using the lady?s room.C. She is unable to use the lady?s room right now.D. He will lead her to the lady?s room.6. A. They shouldn?t change the plan. B. It is necessary to change the plan.C. She doesn?t believe the weather forecast.D. She doesn?t think the game will last long.7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. He lost his way. B. He worked very carefully.C. He received a traffic ticket.D. He drove in heavy traffic.9. A. Her doorbell doesn?t need repair. B. She didn?t expect him to come so early.C. The man has just arrived on time.D. It is not the right time for her.10. A. He?s unable to finish his homework. B. He can?t give the woman his computer.C. He?s to remove the virus.D. He?s infected with some disease.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A motorist?s speeding. B. Her running into a stop sign.C. Her lack of driving experience.D. A motorist?s failure to concentrate.12. A. Nervous and unsure of herself. B. Calm and confident of herself.C. Courageous and forceful.D. Depressed and reluctant.13. A. More strict training of women drivers.B. Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C. Improved traffic conditions in cities.D. Less traffic on street.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Possible feedback of the test. B. The test questions and answer choices.C. The instructions of conducting tests.D. The score of each item of questions.15. A. Higher. B. Lower. C. Equal. D. Random.16. A. The main limits of computerized test.B. The way to control the difficulty of each question.C. The whole process of having computerized test.D. The advantages and disadvantages of computerized test.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Air Booking InformationName: Tom WardDestination: MadridAirlines: China 17 AirlinesFlight Number: NO. 18Class: 19 classDeparture time: 9:00 a.m. 20 6thAirport: Shanghai Pudong International AirportBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Why was Meg blamed for her hand-in date? Because she failed to 21 .What was the most important thing toThe 22 .Starbucks? success?P.F. ProductionsWhat kind of figure should be included? The 23 .What did the professor advise Meg to do? He advised him to 24 .II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)To be a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and 25 you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject26 they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone you use 27 be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information28 (deliver) to a group of your friends.Furthermore, 29 talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually30 failure. To speak without preparing is to shoot without taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure that your subject 31 (be) definite and not too broad. zhucanqi(B)DC Hilton was one of the first Americans to find out that there was money to be made in the middle of the night. 47 years ago he bought a small restaurant on US highway 69, in Oklahoma. His main customers were truck drivers and traveling salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheeseburgerswhen they stopped32 (break) their journey.It was they33first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night.34(think)about it for a while, he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn?t closed the door ever since.Over the years his simple burger caf éhas been expanded 35a 24-hour roadside empire,with a 100-seat restaurant, a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car park for mobile homes andall-night self-help laundry.Hilton was a pioneer in a 24-hour working trend,36has now caught on around the world.Today not only restaurants but also banks, supermarkets, mail-order firms, travel agencies and many other businesses are beginning to be open all night. But is this really a good thing?So far, a lot of research 37 (do) in America on the effect of 24-hour working, and there is growing concern about the long-term dangers of a society that doesn?t sleep. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than 38did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionallyfrom over-tiredness. Several of the39(bad) man-made disasters happened in the last fewhours before dawn, when even the most experiencednight -workerhas difficulty40(stay) awake.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need. There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, however, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the 41areas ofhuman activity. For example, in the late nineteenth century the connections between music andpainting were42close. zhucanqi Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operasand ballets, but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired by the work of 43painters.Of the musical compositions that were considered as responses to the visual arts, perhaps the mostfamous is Mussorgsky?s Pictures at an Exhibition .Mussorgsky44the piece in 1874 after the death, at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartmann. Though their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann?s 45 death. The following year the critic, Vladimir Stasov, who decidedto hold an exhibit ion of Hartmann?s work, suggested that Mussorgsky try to46his grief by writing something in 47of Hartmann.The exhibition served as Mussorgsky?s inspiration. The ten pieces that make up Pictures at anExhibition are48as symbols rather than representations of the paintings in the exhibition.Between each is a promenade （舞曲中的行进）, as the composer walks from one painting toanother. The music is sometimes witty and playful, sometimes almost alarming and frightening.Through a range of surprising 49 , Mussorgsky manages to50the spirit of the artist andhis work.III. Reading ComprehensionA. scarcelyB. relieveC. distinctD. contemporaryE. contrastsF. memoryG. composedH. intendedI. conveyJ. especiallyK. unexpectedSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school. These days, homeschooling in America is 51 .Teaching methods at homeschooling 52 . Some parents follow a strict timetable and53 a traditional school environment. Other parents follow an extreme form of homeschoolingin which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want. More parents, however, follow the middle 54 to provide a balance between freedom and discipline.Why do parents choose homeschooling? Some believe that children in public schoolsor social pressure from friends. They say it may have a experience too much “peer pressure”,55 effect on the child?s studies. Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school. About half the parents who teach at home are 56 motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools. Whatever the 57 may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schools every year. 58 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling against public schooling.What then is the future of education? Although children often learn well at home, weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or 59 parents who say they are home-schooling. As the 60 continues, so do the questions about what home schoolers are studying at home. How can parents ensure that their children are prepared academically for college? How are home schoolers 61 to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have? Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art, but they are obviously less62 math and science. Finally, there are questions regarding the children?s emotional development. Are they too 63 their fellow students? Are they 64 the opportunity to get the social benefits of being in a large classroom of students? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are never 65 .51. A. disappearing B. reducing C. contributing D. rising52. A. vary B. last C. exist D. work53. A. imitate B. alter C. promote D. neglect54. A. instructions B. path C. technique D. standard55. A. positive B.practical C. negative D. remarkable56. A. economically B. religiously C. physically D. psychologically57. A. effects B. suggestions C. reasons D. pressures58. A. As a result B. On the whole C. By the way D. In addition59. A. encourage B. interrupt C. contact D. monitor60. A. appreciation B. opposition C. expectation D. debate61. A. assessed B. chosen C. compared D. classified62. A. satisfied with B. involved in C. skilled at D. sure of63. A. ignorant of B. isolated from C. connected with D. worried about64. A. creating B. grasping C. awaiting D. losing65. A. acceptable B. informative C. one-sided D. practicalSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)-year “It seems likely that a caged elephant would miss the wilderness it was born into.” a study revealed.British and Canadian scientists studied 4,500 elephants in European zoos and compared themwith elephants living in the wild. They found that wild elephants are healthier, live longer andreproduce more than those elephants in zoos.Wh en it comes to living in a zoo, “many species do well but elephants don?t,”　said GeorgiaMason, one of the researchers of the study. Many animals live longer in zoos than they do in the wild.This isn?t surprising when you consider that zoo animals are not threatened by predators (掠食者),always have plenty to eat, P.F. Productions and have professionals on hand to care for them.When it comes to elephants, however, the situation is different. The world?s largest landanimals live much longer in the wild than they do in zoos.Female African elephants born in zoos live on average for 17 years, while those in the wildmake it to 56. “So far,” says Mason, “We?ve got 300 African elephants in zoos in Europe, and not one?s yet reached 50.”Asian elephants are the more endangered of the two elephant species. They live for about 19years in captivity (圈养) compared to 42 years in the wild. A few wild Asian elephants have evenmade it into their 70s. In Kenya, 30 to 50 percent of wild elephants reach 50 years of age.Fatness and stress are likely causes for the giant land animals? early death in capti vity, Masonsaid.The researchers say that zoos do not offer enough space for animals that can travel as far as 48kilometers a day. Too little exercise and too much food means captive elephants put on extra weight.The weight gain can lead to heart disease and other health problems.Being “caged” is bad for health, not only for elephants, but also for humans. Be careful not tobecome a “caged elephant”！66. Many animals live longer in zoos owing to the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.A. they are far away from the danger of being eaten.B. they can be in a better mood there.C. they needn?t worry about their food at all.D. they are taken good care of.67. Which of the following may probably result in the early death of elephants in zoos?A. Stress and lack of delicious food.B. Loneliness and little space for activities.C. Lack of delicious food and enough exercise.D. Being stressed and over weight.68. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Zoos are not suitable for animals to live in.B. None of the animals live well in zoos due to lack of exercise.C. Compared with the elephants in zoos, wild elephants are healthier.D. Asian elephants can live longer than African elephants in zoos.69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The living conditions of animals in the world are worsening.B. Elephants can live a longer time in the wild than in zoos.C. All of us should take actions to protect wild elephants.D. The places where wild elephants live are being damaged seriously.(B)TimetableMondays to FridaysOxfordLondon-Paddington Oxford to London-Paddington London-Paddington to Oxford 09:05 -------------10:0111:15 ------------------12:14 09:48 -------------10:42 11:45 ------------------12:44 10:05 -------------11:04 12:00 ------------------12:56 10:35 -------------11:3412:15 ------------------13:14Membership CardU.S. Families with a Laptop (Percentage)20406080100WhiteBlackAsianSpanish20082013Menu◇French Slam? $4.29 French toast, two eggs any style, two pieces of bacon and two sausage links. ◇Sandwich with Salad or Soup $4.35 Chicken breast on bread. Served with your choice of garden salad, Caesar salad, vegetable beef or soup of the day. ◇The Classic Hamburger $4.99 Over 1/3 pound. Topped with tomato, red onions and cheese.◇Chicken Fried Steak $5.09 A southern style! Golden fried and covered with French cheese.◇The Super Bird? $5.49 Thin flat pieces of chicken breast with Swiss cheese, bacon and tomato on bread. ◇Chinese Chicken Salad $5.99 Chicken breast, mushrooms, green peppers, and onions. Topped with tomatoes and fried noodles. Served with bread.Friends Membership Card THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSE00136789 Valid until 23 May 2013 Name: Miss E. M. DriscollBox Office: 10865 305305 THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSEWhen booking always ask for your Friends Discount.Give your membership P.F. Productions number when booking.Please bring your card with you when collecting tickets. Your membership card is valid until the date shown on the front.This card is your proof of membership — please keep it safe at all times.70. Which of the following is true of the membership card?A. Its number is 10865 305305.B. It gets the owner a discount when used.C. It is valid through the year of 2013.D. It belongs to Mr.E. M. Driscoll.71. If one wants to attend a business lunch in London at 12:00, the latest train that he should take atOxford leaves at ________.A. 09:48B. 10:35C. 11:15D. 11:4572. If you would like to have some vegetable beef, what may be your choice?A. French Slam?.B. Chicken Fried Steak.C. Sandwich with Salad or Soup.D. The Super Bird?.73. The chart shows that from 2008 to 2013, ________.A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a laptop rose 60 pointsB. the percentage of the White families with a laptop remained unchangedC. the number of the Black families with a laptop was on the decreaseD. the number of the Asian families with a laptop showed the sharpest increase(C)Women?s minds work differently from men?s. Psychologists view the subject either as a matterof failure or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this field, and some of them have found thatthere are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point outhurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. Thedifference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes—the linkbetween the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline (主干线) of between 200 and 300 million nerves, thecorpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is alwayslarger and probably richer in nerve fibres (纤维) than it is in men. This is the first time that astructural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have somesignificance. The question is “What?”, and if this difference exists, are there others? Research showsthat present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of thesedifferences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence ofsociety that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpuscallosum enabled them to work together. The better the connections, the more harmoniously the twohalves work. Usually, women have the better connections.But it isn?t all that easy to explain the actual differences between the ski lls of men and womenon this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “langua and boys better at math. If these differences correspond (相符合) with the differences in thetrunkline, there is an unchangeable distinction between the sexes.We shan?t know for a while, partly because we don?t know of the exact relationship betweenabilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain. And we cannotunderstand how the two halves interact through the corpus callosum. But one thing is certain:nothing in our world is still—even scientific thought.74. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Biologists are doing research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to advantage of one sex over the other.C. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.D. The brain difference is the only difference between the sexes.75. According to the passage, it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ________factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social76. The expression of “these differences” refers to those in ________.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. learning habits77. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To suggest new areas in brain research.D. To indicate the many differences between the sexes.Section CDirections:Read the following passage and then answer the questions or complete the statementsin the fewest possible words.You are what you eat and fats are a main food for Asia?s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang,director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks.That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice an d little meat. “Theylike big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food,their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量) has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their caloriescome from fat,” says Chwang.Although on the w hole Asians tend towards thinness, Asians? h ospitality（好客）is the first andforemost reason for the fatness of today?s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people loveIn the past, she says. “Eating a nd drinking are important social and family functions.”　food,”　however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money.In today?s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reservedfor significant occasions.Needless to say, that child ren are being spoilt by their parents is another cause of children?s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents? improved circumstances. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so theysays Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them ,quality food?. Parents thinktend to spoil them,”　feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”When describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says:“There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on.Children get fat because they don?t move, and eventually, they don?t want to move because they?refat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games?P.F. Productions says Chwang.They eat chocolate and drink Coke,”　(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Despite the same volume of food, children take in more calories due to ________.79. Thanks to ________, big meals nowadays are no longer enjoyed on special occasions.80. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin?81. According to Dr. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children?s overweight today?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．今年国庆节我和妈妈参观了新建的植物园。

虹口区2013学年度第一学期高三年级英语分层练习(A卷)考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Kate. B. Anna. C. Jane. D. Mary.2. A. 2:05. B. 1:55. C. 1:45. D. 2:15.3. A. Malaysia. B. Korea. C. Japan. D. Singapore.4. A. A doctor. B. A professor. C. A guide. D. A businessman.5. A. She hasn’t a dictionary. B. She is not sure how to read the word.C. She has looked the word up in the dictionary.D. She is going to buy a dictionary.6. A. To live in the country. B. To live in a big city alone.C. To live with her parents.D. To live in a big city.7. A. Buying another bicycle. B. Buying a used bicycle.C. Buying a new bicycle.D. Not buying a bicycle.8. A. There’s something wrong with the bus. B. He’s in the hospital.C. It’s going in the wrong direction.D. He missed the bus.9. A. Please sit down. B. She doesn’t want the man to sit with her.C. She’ll mind if he sits down.D. It doesn’t matter whether he sits down or not.10. A. To draw a picture. B. To open the window.C. To look at somebody.D. To take a photo with the camera.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Freezing. D. Wet.12. A. Two to four feet. B. Three feet. C. Seven feet. D. Two to three feet.13. A. A gallery. B. An exhibit. C. A device. D. A Coffee Shop.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A certificate. B. A sofa. C. A visit to a dog hotel. D. A spa (水疗).15. A. By reviewing a vet’s certificate. B. By collecting information from witnesses.C. By checking the photographs.D. All of the above.16. A. Because she is dying. B. Because she is too old to move forward.C. Because she suffers from joint problems.D. Because she usually has spa at home.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with _____25_____ experienced waitress for a few days, I was allowed to wait tables on my own. Allwent well that first week. When Saturday night came, I _____26_____ (give) the tables not far from the kitchen. However, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays(托盘).The restaurant was full of people _____27 _____I could realize that. I moved slowly, and minded every step. I remember how happy I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables; It had nice handles, _____28_____ (make) it easier to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to believe I was a natural at this job.Then, an old man came to me and said, “Excuse me, dear, my wife and I loved watching you work. _____29_____ seems that your tray stand has been very useful to you, but we are getting ready to leave now, and my wife _____30_____ wait to take her walker back.”At first his message did not get across. “What was he talking about!”Then, I got it. I _____31_____(set) my trays on his wife’s orthopedic walker(助步器). My face was on fire. I wanted to get into a hole and hide.Since then, I’ve learned that sometimes there’s no point _____32_____ (be) too sure of myself.(B)There are a variety of techniques used to bring about success in selling. Here are the most important ones _____33_____ are often mentioned by successful salespeople.•Find out _____34_____ your customers’real wants and needs are. Listen as they tell you their favours.•Know all about your product and what it can do for your customers. Product knowledge is a “must”in personal selling because it creates confidence, builds enthusiasm, and makes the situation more professional. Lay emphasis on the unique advantage of your product _____35_____ others.•Take a confident attitude in selling your product. It is _____36_____(effective) when the salesperson says, “May I help you?”than when he or she says “You wouldn’t like to see our model, _____37_____you?”•Prepare yourself _____38_____(deal) with objections. If the customer says the price is too high, you might reply, “Yes, the price may be a little higher than _____39_____(plan). However, actually, you will save money _____40_____ high quality of this product.”Don’t disagree with your customer in any case when he or she says the price is too high.•Use praise wisely.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Television watching is an activity which is known to be harmful to health and is distinct fromgetting too little exercise. But a new study suggests its damaging effects may even _____41_____ alongside those from smoking and obesity(肥胖). Researchers who studied television viewing habits in Australia calculated that people who watch for a(n) _____42_____ of six hours a day shorten their life expectancy(预期寿命) by almost five years.They based their calculations on data on the _____43 _____between television viewing and death from the Australian obesity and lifestyle study which involved 11,000 adults aged 25 and over. Applying these findings to the whole population over 25, who are estimated to have watched 9.8 billion hours of TV in 2008, they concluded that it _____44_____ for 286,000 years of life lost — equivalent to 22 minutes for each hour watched. By _____45_____, smoking one cigarette is estimated to shorten life expectancy by 11 minutes — equivalent to half an hour of TV watching.Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the authors from the University of Queensland, say the figures suggest “huge loss of life may be _____46_____ with too much TV viewing.” The UK and other industrialized countries are likely to be similarly affected “given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and the similarities in disease patterns.” The researchers add: “If these figures are_____47_____ and shown to reflect a cause and effect relationship, TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factors.”Researchers from Taiwan University found even those who did as little as 92 minutes’exercise a week —equivalent to 15 minutes a day for six days a week —reduced their _____48_____ of death by 14 per cent. Even this small amount of exercise could _____49_____ one in six of all deaths —similar to the effects of a stop-smoking programme. Each _____50_____ 15 minutes a day reduced the death rate by a further 4 per cent.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To understand how Americans think about things, it is necessary to understand “the point”. Americans mention it often: “Let’s get right to the point”, they will say: “My point is …”“What’s the point of all this?”The “point”is the _____51_____ or piece of information that Americans suppose is, or should be, _____52_____ of people’s thinking, writings, and spoken comments. Speakers and writers are supposed to ”make their points clear”, _____53_____ that they are supposed to say or write clearly the idea or piece of information they wish to _____54_____.People from many other cultures have different ideas about the _____55_____. Africans traditionally tell stories that express the _____56_____ they have in mind, rather than stating out “the point”clearly. Japanese traditionally speak _____57_____, leaving the listener to _____58_____ what the point is. _____59_____, while an American might say to a friend, “I don’t think that coat goes very well with the rest of your outfit”, a Japanese might say, “Maybe another coat would look even _____60_____ than the one you have on.”Americans _____61_____ a person who “gets right to the point”. Japanese are likely to consider such a person lacking thoughtfulness and sympathy if not _____62_____.The Chinese and Japanese languages are characterized by vagueness and ambiguity(模棱两可). The precision and directness Americans associate with “the point” cannot be _____63_____, at least not with any grace, in Chinese and Japanese. Speakers of those languages thus have to _____64_____ a new way of reasoning and expressing their ideas _____65_____ they are going to communicate satisfactorily with Americans.51. A. word B. idea C. place D. time52. A. at the center B. on the basis C. on the part D. beyond the reach53. A. thinking B. explaining C. meaning D. stating54. A. discuss B. remember C. express D. criticize55. A. point B. information C. reasons D. feelings56. A. comments B. meanings C. secret D. thought57. A. frankly B. indirectly C. reluctantly D. truly58. A. figure out B. search for C. make up D. look over59. A. Otherwise B. However C. Moreover D. Thus60. A. tighter B. better C. thicker D. longer61. A. value B. forgive C. punish D. insult62. A. sensitive B. foolish C. rude D. loyal63. A. corrected B. achieved C. changed D. explained64. A. learn B. consider C. suggest D. decide65. A. although B. because C. until D. ifSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the delegates at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child,” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this would be. In school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do? You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make your actions reflect your words.”I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe I had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励) action. Now, a decade from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices —education, career, lifestyle —life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is in progress, but aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy or sustainable(可持续的) way of living.And we are learning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was ideal and innocent.Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change.66. The purpose of what the writer said at the age of 12 was to _____.A. end poverty and make school beautifulB. find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselvesC. end poverty and solve the problems about environmentD. find a wonderful place and clean it up67. What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to _____.A. a long period of laughingB. a warm welcomeC. an expression used for greetingD. a long period of clapping and applause68. It becomes clear that the writer is possibly _____ now.A. in his teensB. in his twentiesC. in his thirtiesD. in his forties69. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature.B. the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment.C. the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice.D. the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up.(B)70. Zeo is a revolution in the science of sleep mainly because it _____.A. can record one’s sleep processB. is the first product to manage one’s sleepC. is free of medical risksD. provides access to sleep fitness websites71. What is the most remarkable feature of Zeo?A. Its direct contact with sleep scientists.B. Its individualized coaching program.C. Its effectiveness in curing sleep disorders.D. Its immediate analysis of sleep data.70. What customer service does Zeo provide?A. Cheap online tools.B. A 30-day action plan.C. Personalized bedside display.D. Free delivery of the product.71. The passage is primarily written to _____.A. encourage people to try the new productB. instruct people how to use a new toolC. provide the latest health informationD. illustrate the importance of good sleep habit(C)Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced rapid growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users remain unaware of the fact that the information they post online can come back to haunt them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for controversial(引起争议的) employee opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she wrote about the strange things of her job and coworkers without signing her real name.The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on prospective employees. A June 11, 2006 New York Times article reported that many companies use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks on college campuses. Although the use of MySpace or Google to check a student’s background is somewhat unsettling to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alum(校友).Corporate employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet — especially Facebook — for student bad behavior. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential dangers of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions(警惕). First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled(不满的) former associate. Third, never post obviously offensive material under your name or on your page, because, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.74. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.A. explain the growth of the digital world from the view of privacyB. discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourselfC. propose steps Facebook, MySpace, and Google can take to protect user privacyD. illustrate potential unintended uses of private information75. The writer implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT _____.A. know to whom you make your online information availableB. actively hunt for damaging information posted about you or under your nameC. speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about youD. avoid uploading information that would be extremely damaging if it were discovered76. According to the passage, which of the following does the author imply?A. Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permitted in court.B. It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online.C. Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it.D. Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself brings no risk.77. In the last paragraph the author mainly _____.A. offers detailed examples to support previous viewpointsB. further explores the ill-effects of the Internet on the protection of privacyC. summarizes the points of the above paragraphsD. provides suggestions to overcome the previously mentioned problemsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.New technology links the world as never before. Our plant has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.”He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent(流行的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employer at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN SIX WORDS.)78. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind”in paragraph 3 probably means ________________.79. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?80. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations inemploying people today?81. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can __________________.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 不努力我们是很容易落伍的。

虹口区2023学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷2024.04考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. On a farm. B. At a library. C. In a snack bar. D. In a department store.2. A. 7:00. B. 7:30. C. 8:00. D. 8:30.3. A. She is inferior to him in maths. B. She is really good at maths.C. She doesn’t work hard at maths.D. She didn’t do well in this test.4. A. He got injured yesterday. B. He didn’t finish his paper on time.C. He failed to submit his paper on time.D. He couldn’t focus his mind on the paper.5. A. He admires Emma for her courage. B. He doesn’t understand what Emma said.C. He gets angry with Emma at the meeting.D. He thinks Emma should take a business course.6. A. The woman is looking for a research topic. B. The woman is struggling with data analysis.C. The man is too busy to offer help.D. The man can’t make sense of the data.7. A. They are stressed out due to their work.B. They care little about the lack of office supplies.C. They are concerned about the office’s cleanliness.D. They are torn between work and family responsibilities.8. A. Professor Wang is very good at teaching biology.B. It is unfortunate for the man to have biology class.C. The biological problem is hard for all the students.D. The man still doesn’t underst and the problem.9. A. Styles change more quickly than necessary.B. Youngsters don’t really know what fashion is.C. People should care more about their appearance.D. It’s not sensible to go after designer clothing.10. A. The man must take history classes this term.B. Science course is not available this term.C. There will be a new history teacher this term.D. She doesn’t know what the required courses are this term. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A mysterious code. B. A theory of personality types.C. A personality type.D. A test to identify o ne’s personality.12. A. To judge an individual’s abilities. B. To identify abnormality.C. To help people understand themselves.D. To help settle workplace conflicts.13. A. Whether it can promote work efficiency.B. Whether it can serve its intended purpose.C. Whether it can promote the publication of studies.D. Whether it can show people’s psychological status. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They have been sent to wildlife parks for protection.B. Their habitats have been well-protected.C. They have been taken care of by locals.D. Their population has almost doubled.15. A. She fought against illegal hunting. B. She helped to cure their disease.C. She improved their living conditions.D. She was engaged in preserving forests.16. A. To teach people how to treat gorillas. B. To boost the economy of Uganda.C. To better the Batwa people’s lives.D. To raise funds for wildlife protection.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Raising funds to film the X-Files TV series. B. Switching from an academic path to acting.C. Giving up the hard-won position of a doctor.D. Rejecting the offers from the Ivy League.18. A. Being thoughtful and somewhat of a loner. B. Having a scientific approach to life.C. Enjoying risky adventures.D. Being overly optimistic.19. A. He didn’t go to college. B. He is serious and focused.C. He doesn’t believe in UFOs.D. He suffered a lot from his divorce.20. A. You will grow stronger by overcoming challenges.B. You are not supposed to blame others even if you are hurt.C. You can’t prevent others hurting you from time to time.D. You will become powerful if driven by your desires.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.No Filming at Concerts and Movie Theaters on Phones “Please, no flash photography.”Polite requests like this can be found in museums all over the world, but they generally don’t discourage people from taking photos of (21) _________ they feel like. The same goes for concerts, movie theaters and other places (22) _________ people routinely ignore filming restrictions. A new patent from Apple may block that rule-breaking feature—on phones at least.The patent, (23) _________ (award) to Apple today, outlines a systemwhich would allow venues, like concert halls or theaters, to use an infrared emitter (红外发射器) to remotely disable the camera function on smartphones. According to the patent, infrared beams could be picked up by the camera, and interpreted by the smartphone as a command (24) _________ (block) the user from taking any photos or videos.Many musicians and performers have banned cellphones from their shows (25) _________ they object to the free footage circulating around the web. (26) _________ this, images still manage to leak out. Prince’s last concert before he passed away in April was supposed to be cellphone-free—it apparently wasn’t. If Apple’s patent (27) _________ (introduce) into iPhone software, with venues putting infrared emitters around their stage, leaks like this could potentially stop happening.But the patent also raises questions about the sort of power that this technology would be handing over to (28) _________ with more immoral intentions.Given the company’s rigid support of personal privacy when it comes to police requests to break into users’ devices, it’s possible that Apple just (29) _________ (patent) the technology so that no one else will use it. But who knows, if it does intend to introduce this feature to future operating systems, sales of camcorders, oreven GoPros, could get a much-needed boost, as people try to avoid (30) _________ (use) the prohibitive software.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Science in ImagesOyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then 31 the worms for nutrition.“Nematodes happen to be the most 32 animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, 33 , this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow 34 the worms withinminutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This 35 differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of 36 compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and 37 analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures 38 their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.Before this study, “we underestimated the 39 to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nem atodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very 40 approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the middle of 2023, a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology. For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people 41 to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language, using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology. This is the closest science has yet come to 42 someone’s mind.Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self. 43 this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives. But it could also give other entities, such as corporations, researchers and other third parties, a(n) 44 degree of insight into, or even control over, the lives of patients. The NeuroRights Foundation, based at Columbia University in New York, argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be 45 for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will. The potential 46 of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.47 this approach, Chile was the first country that adoptedlegislation, drafting new laws, to address the risks of neurotechnology. It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental 48 , but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata, and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices, even those intended for the general consumer. The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely 49 nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues, which cannot be bought or sold, only donated. But this legislation has also faced 50 , with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and 51 to date, other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies.And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical, future 52 are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes. The growing 53 of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.Different people, societies, and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line. We are at a(n) 54 stage of technological development. And as we begin to uncover the great potential ofbrain science, the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more 55 .41. A. eager B. ready C. unwilling D. unable42. A. clearing B. occupying C. changing D. reading43. A. Reducing B. Restricting C. Restoring D. Requiring44. A. irrelevant B. uncomfortable C. negligible D. supportive45. A. needed B. limited C. controlled D. denied46. A. application B. weakness C. impact D. significance47. A. In comparison with B. In line withC. At the conclusion ofD. At the cost of48. A. integrity B. condition C. disorder D. function49. A. group B. general C. physical D. personal50. A. interaction B. chance C. criticism D. defence51. A. far-reaching B. labor-saving C. short-sighted D. ill-timed52. A. advances B. arrangements C. requirements D. policies53. A. confidence B. availability C. membership D. movement54. A. mature B. initial C. different D. final55. A. diversified B. genuine C. pressing D. specialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I used to think I was a good person. I was caring to my friends, my partner, my family; I gave to charity and I volunteered. But when I started training to become a therapist (治疗师), I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people, we don’t actually know ourselves very well. I learned about how we might, without consciously realizing it, deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad, pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others, so they become the bad people. I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority—whether we want to acknowledge them or not.It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. We first spoke two years ago. He was unemployed, living with his parents, watching his friends’ lives progress. A good grown-up, he told me, is “s omeone who has his ducks in a row”—and that wasn’t him.I also didn’t feel like the competent, confident grown-up I thought I should be—and neither did most of the adults I knew. Iresearched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later, if at all—from buying a home to getting married or starting a family. I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it.Then I saw Boru again. He told m e how, over two years, he’d found a job he loves, rented a flat with a friend. He’s now cycling round the world, having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life. So what changed “You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.”I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. Boru does it on his bike, I do it in psychoanalysis, others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music. That, for Boru, and for me, is what it means to “have his ducks in a row”.56. What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselvesA. Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth.B. Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate.C. True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides.D. Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception.57. What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about beinga good grown-upA. It involves having a clear career path and financial stability.B. It requires constant self-improvement and education.C. It means being employed and living independently.D. It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty.58. What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adultA. Escaping basic responsibilities.B. Delaying reaching traditional life milestones.C. Comparing personal achievements to others.D. Investigating changing patterns of adult life.59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passageA. Why Hide HarmsB. How to Be Better AdultsC. Why Growing up MattersD. How to Have Effective Conversations(B)Guided Desert AdventureTypical desert activities like sandboarding, dune bashing and quad bikingSandboarding Quad bikingWith this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert.You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.What’s includedPickup and drop-off20 minutes of sandboarding35 minutes of dune bashing25 minutes of quad biking10-minute camel rideWater and soft drinksA drive through a camel farmAdditional informationRequires a high level of physical fitness.Not suitable for children between 0 and 5.Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult.Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only.60. What kind of experiences can participants expect from this tripA. Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune.B. Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride.C. An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities.D. Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera.61. How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the 14:00 tourA. US$ 180.B. US$ 220.C. US$ 265.D. US$ 400.62. Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tourA. The show was great! I highly recommend!B. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it.C. The place is cool, easy to find and get to with metro.D. Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue.(C)Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole.A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy. Consider Saturn Corporation (a wholly owned company of General Motors). Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with. Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance. But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100 Of course not. Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that th e next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal.Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problemsarise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders. 63. Why is i t essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategyA. To maximize possible returns and profits.B. To maintain consistency in business operations.C. To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs.D. To attract customers to social events and trainings.64. What does Saturn’s “no hassle, no haggle” policy (paragraph 2) most probably meanA. Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely.B. Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers.C. Saturn cars are at least $100 cheaper than other cars.D. Saturn cars are sold at fixed, non-negotiable prices.65. What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricingprocessA. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information.B. The coordinating me chanism won’t work without a lot of input.C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process.D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best.66. Which of the following is the best title for this passageA. The art of coordinating pricing processesB. The best sales negotiation techniquesC. Getting one step closer toward better pricingD. Maximizing profits through pricing policiesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it. Rather than focus on how to see our life better, we need to learn to better our life. The good news is that you can dishabituate.Your Life Is Better Than You ThinkThe undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. 67While we may have a loving family, a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. 68 You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.69 That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary things suddenly seemamazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. 70 If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your HeadWe all get a sensation when a song, for no apparent reason, refuses to leave your head –in fact we’re no strangers to th e dreaded “ear-worm.” But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.To do this, most frequent ear-worms of the participants were entered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all. The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes weretypically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music. A classic example of a common contour（音调的升降曲线）pattern is heard in Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star, where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls. This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes, but also in pop music.In addition to the melodic shape, the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual. “Our findings show that you can, to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,” says one of the researchers, “This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle（短歌）everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 火山喷发是多么令人惊叹的自然现象呀！(What)73. 除非提供更新鲜的内容给观众，否则视频流量就会下降。

虹口区2013学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科期终教学质量监控测试卷2014.1考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题采用多项选择题形式，答题必须涂写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题的答案和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Car seller. B. Police officer. C. Detective. D. Reporter.2. A. He was busy eating. B. John was meeting the new guests.C. John was too busy to talk to anyone.D. He didn’t notice who John was talki ng to.3. A. Informative. B. Difficult. C. Funny. D. Dull.4. A. Send leaflets. B. Do some gardening. C. Go sightseeing. D. Visit a lawyer.5. A. The lady’s room is a bit far.B. She has to sign her name before using the lady’s room.C. She is un able to use the lady’s room right now.D. He will lead her to the lady’s room.6. A. They shouldn’t change the plan. B. It is necessary to change the plan.C. She doesn’t believe the weather forecast.D. She doesn’t think the game will last long.7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. He lost his way. B. He worked very carefully.C. He received a traffic ticket.D. He drove in heavy traffic.9. A. Her doorbell doesn’t need repair. B. She didn’t expect him to come so early.C. The man has just arrived on time.D. It is not the right time for her.10. A. He’s unable to finish his homework. B. He can’t give the woman his computer.C. He’s to remove the virus.D. He’s infected with some disease. Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A mot orist’s speeding. B. Her running into a stop sign.C. Her lack of driving experience.D. A motorist’s failure to concentrate.12. A. Nervous and unsure of herself. B. Calm and confident of herself.C. Courageous and forceful.D. Depressed and reluctant.13. A. More strict training of women drivers.B. Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C. Improved traffic conditions in cities.D. Less traffic on street.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Possible feedback of the test. B. The test questions and answer choices.C. The instructions of conducting tests.D. The score of each item of questions.15. A. Higher. B. Lower. C. Equal. D. Random.16. A. The main limits of computerized test.B. The way to control the difficulty of each question.C. The whole process of having computerized test.D. The advantages and disadvantages of computerized test.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.2Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)To be a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and 25 you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject 26 they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone you use 27 be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from info rmation 28 (deliver) to a group of your friends.Furthermore, 29 talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually 30 failure. To speak without preparing is to shoot without taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure that your subject 31 (be) definite and not too broad. zhucanqi(B)DC Hilton was one of the first Americans to find out that there was money to be made in the middle of the night. 47 years ago he bought a small restaurant on US highway 69, in Oklahoma. His main customers were truck drivers and traveling salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheeseburgers3 / 15when they stopped 32 (break) their journey.It was they 33 first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night. 34 (think) about it for a while, he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn’t closed the door ever since.Over the years his simple burger café has been expanded 35 a 24-hour roadside empire, with a 100-seat restaurant, a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car park for mobile homes and all-night self-help laundry.Hilton was a pioneer in a 24-hour working trend, 36 has now caught on around the world. Today not only restaurants but also banks, supermarkets, mail-order firms, travel agencies and many other businesses are beginning to be open all night. But is this really a good thing?So far, a lot of research 37 (do) in America on the effect of 24-hour working, and there is growing concern about the long-term dangers of a society that doesn’t sleep. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than 38 did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionally from over-tiredness. Several of the 39 (bad) man-made disasters happened in the last few hours before dawn, when even the most experienced night-worker has difficulty 40 (stay) awake.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beThere is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, however, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the 41 areas of human activity. For example, in the late nineteenth century the connections between music and painting were 42 close. zhucanqi Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets, but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired by the work of 43 painters. Of the musical compositions that were considered as responses to the visual arts, perhaps the most famous is Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition.Mussorgsky 44 the piece in 1874 after the death, at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartmann. Though their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann’s45 death. The following year the critic, Vladimir Stasov, who decided to hold an exhibition of Hartmann’s work, suggested that Mussorgsky try to46 his grief by writing something in 47 of Hartmann.Th e exhibition served as Mussorgsky’s inspiration. The ten pieces that make up Pictures at an Exhibition are 48 as symbols rather than representations of the paintings in the exhibition. Between each is a promenade （舞曲中的行进）, as the composer walks from one painting to another. The music is sometimes witty and playful, sometimes almost alarming and frightening. Through a range of surprising 49 , Mussorgsky manages to 50 the spirit of the artist and his work.III. Reading Comprehension4Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school. These days, homeschooling in America is 51 .Teaching methods at homeschooling 52 . Some parents follow a strict timetable and 53 a traditional school environment. Other parents follow an extreme form of homeschooling in which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want. More parents, however, follow the middle 54 to provide a balance between freedom and discipline.Why do parents choose homeschooling? Some believe that children in public schools experience too much “peer pressure”, or social pressure from friends. They say it may have a 55 effect on the child’s studies. Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school. About half the parents who teach at home are 56 motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools. Whatever the 57 may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schools every year. 58 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling against public schooling.What then is the future of education? Although children often learn well at home, weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or 59 parents who say they are home-schooling. As the 60 continues, so do the questions about what home schoolers are studying at home. How can parents ensure that their children are prepared academically for college? How are home schoolers 61 to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have? Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art, but they are obviously less 62 math and science. Finally, there are questions regarding the children’s emotional development. Are they too 63 their fellow students? Are they 64 the opportunity to get the social benefits of being in a large classroom of students? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are never 65 .51. A. disappearing B. reducing C. contributing D. rising52. A. vary B. last C. exist D. work53. A. imitate B. alter C. promote D. neglect54. A. instructions B. path C. technique D. standard55. A. positive B.practical C. negative D. remarkable56. A. economically B. religiously C. physically D. psychologically57. A. effects B. suggestions C. reasons D. pressures58. A. As a result B. On the whole C. By the way D. In addition59. A. encourage B. interrupt C. contact D. monitor60. A. appreciation B. opposition C. expectation D. debate61. A. assessed B. chosen C. compared D. classified62. A. satisfied with B. involved in C. skilled at D. sure of63. A. ignorant of B. isolated from C. connected with D. worried about64. A. creating B. grasping C. awaiting D. losing65. A. acceptable B. informative C. one-sided D. practical5 / 15Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“It seems likely that a caged elephant would miss the wilderness it was born into.” a six-year study revealed.British and Canadian scientists studied 4,500 elephants in European zoos and compared them with elephants living in the wild. They found that wild elephants are healthier, live longer and reproduce more than those elephants in zoos.When it comes to living in a zoo, “many species do well but elephants don’t,” said Georgia Mason, one of the researchers of the study. Many animals live longer in zoos than they do in the wild. This isn’t surprising when you consider that zoo animals are not threatened by predators (掠食者), always have plenty to eat, P.F. Productions and have professionals on hand to care for them.When it comes to elephants, however, the situation is different. The world’s largest land animals live much longer in the wild than they do in zoos.Female African elephants born in zoos live on average for 17 years, while those in the wild make it to 56. “So far,” says Mason, “We’ve got 300 African elephants in zoos in Europe, and not one’s yet reached 50.”Asian elephants are the more endangered of the two elephant species. They live for about 19 years in captivity (圈养) compared to 42 years in the wild. A few wild Asian elephants have even made it into their 70s. In Kenya, 30 to 50 percent of wild elephants reach 50 years of age.Fatness and stress are likely causes for the giant land animals’ early death in captivity, Mason said.The researchers say that zoos do not offer enough space for animals that can travel as far as 48 kilometers a day. Too little exercise and too much food means captive elephants put on extra weight. The weight gain can lead to heart disease and other health problems.Being “caged” is bad for health, not only for elephants, but also for humans. Be careful not to become a “caged elephant”!66. Many animals live longer in zoos owing to the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.A. they are far away from the danger of being eaten.B. they can be in a better mood there.C. they needn’t worry about their food at all.D. they are taken good care of.67. Which of the following may probably result in the early death of elephants in zoos?A. Stress and lack of delicious food.B. Loneliness and little space for activities.C. Lack of delicious food and enough exercise.D. Being stressed and over weight.68. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Zoos are not suitable for animals to live in.B. None of the animals live well in zoos due to lack of exercise.C. Compared with the elephants in zoos, wild elephants are healthier.D. Asian elephants can live longer than African elephants in zoos.67 / 1569. What is the passage mainly about?A. The living conditions of animals in the world are worsening.B. Elephants can live a longer time in the wild than in zoos.C. All of us should take actions to protect wild elephants.D. The places where wild elephants live are being damaged seriously.(B)U.S. Families with a Laptop (Percentage)20406080100White Black Asian Spanish Friends Membership Card THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSE0 0 1 3 6 7 8 9Valid until 23 May 2013Name: Miss E. M. DriscollBox Office: 10865 THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSEWhen booking always ask for your Friends Discount.Give your membership P.F. Productions number when booking.Please bring your card with you when collecting tickets.Your membership card is valid until the date shown on the front.This card is your proof of membership — please keep it safe at all times.70. Which of the following is true of the membership card?A. Its number is 10865 .B. It gets the owner a discount when used.C. It is valid through the year of 2013.D. It belongs to Mr.E. M. Driscoll.71. If one wants to attend a business lunch in London at 12:00, the latest train that he should take atOxford leaves at ________.A. 09:48B. 10:35C. 11:15D. 11:4572. If you would like to have some vegetable beef, what may be your choice?A. French Slam®.B. Chicken Fried Steak.C. Sandwich with Salad or Soup.D. The Super Bird®.73. The chart shows that from 2008 to 2013, ________.A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a laptop rose 60 pointsB. the percentage of the White families with a laptop remained unchangedC. the number of the Black families with a laptop was on the decreaseD. the number of the Asian families with a laptop showed the sharpest increase(C)Women’s minds work differently from men’s. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of failure or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this field, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes—the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline (主干线) of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres (纤维) than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. The better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. Usually, women have the better connections.But it isn’t all that eas y to explain the actual differences between the skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at math. If these differences correspond (相符合) with the differences in the trunkline, there is an unchangeable distinction between the sexes.We shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of the exact relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain. And we cannot understand how the two halves interact through the corpus callosum. But one thing is certain:8nothing in our world is still—even scientific thought.74. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Biologists are doing research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to advantage of one sex over the other.C. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.D. The brain difference is the only difference between the sexes.75. According to the passage, it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ________factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social76. The expression of “these differences” refers to those in ________.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. learning habits77. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To suggest new areas in brain research.D. To indicate the many differences between the sexes.Section CDirections:Read the following passage and then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.You are what you eat and fats are a ma in food for Asia’s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量) has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat,” says Chwang.Although on the whole Asians tend towar ds thinness, Asians’ hospitality（好客）is the first and foremost reason for the fatness of today’s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.” In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today’s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.Needless to say, that children are being spoilt b y their parents is another cause of children’s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents’ improved circumstances. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil t hem,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food’. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”When describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on. Children get fat because they don’t move, and eventually, they don’t want to move because they’re9 / 1510 fat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games? They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” P.F. Productions says Chwang.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS .)78. Despite the same volume of food, children take in more calories due to ________.79. Thanks to ________, big meals nowadays are no longer enjoyed on special occasions.80. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin?81. According to Dr. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children’s overweight today?第II 卷 （共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．今年国庆节我和妈妈参观了新建的植物园。

上海虹口区2023-2024学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷2024.04考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.On a farm. B.At a library. C.In a snack bar. D.In a department store.2.A.7:00. B.7:30. C.8:00. D.8:30.3.A.She is inferior to him in maths. B.She is really good at maths.C.She doesn’t work hard at maths.D.She didn’t do well in this test.4.A.He got injured yesterday. B.He didn’t finish his paper on time.C.He failed to submit his paper on time.D.He couldn’t focus his mind on the paper.5.A.He admires Emma for her courage. B.He doesn’t understand what Emma said.C.He gets angry with Emma at the meeting.D.He thinks Emma should take a business course.6.A.The woman is looking for a research topic. B.The woman is struggling with data analysis.C.The man is too busy to offer help.D.The man can’t make sense of the data.7.A.They are stressed out due to their work.B.They care little about the lack of office supplies.C.They are concerned about the office’s cleanliness.D.They are torn between work and family responsibilities.8.A.Professor Wang is very good at teaching biology.B.It is unfortunate for the man to have biology class.C.The biological problem is hard for all the students.D.The man still doesn’t understand the problem.9.A.Styles change more quickly than necessary.B.Youngsters don’t really know what fashion is.C.People should care more about their appearance.D.It’s not sensible to go after designer clothing.10.A.The man must take history classes this term.B.Science course is not available this term.C.There will be a new history teacher this term.D.She doesn’t know what the required courses are this term.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.A mysterious code. B.A theory of personality types.C.A personality type.D.A test to identify one’s personality.12.A.To judge an individual’s abilities. B.To identify abnormality.C.To help people understand themselves.D.To help settle workplace conflicts.13.A.Whether it can promote work efficiency.B.Whether it can serve its intended purpose.C.Whether it can promote the publication of studies.D.Whether it can show people’s psychological status.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.They have been sent to wildlife parks for protection.B.Their habitats have been well-protected.C.They have been taken care of by locals.D.Their population has almost doubled.15.A.She fought against illegal hunting. B.She helped to cure their disease.C.She improved their living conditions.D.She was engaged in preserving forests.16.A.To teach people how to treat gorillas. B.To boost the economy of Uganda.C.To better the Batwa people’s lives.D.To raise funds for wildlife protection. Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.Raising funds to film the X-Files TV series. B.Switching from an academic path to acting.C.Giving up the hard-won position of a doctor.D.Rejecting the offers from the Ivy League.18.A.Being thoughtful and somewhat of a loner. B.Having a scientific approach to life.C.Enjoying risky adventures.D.Being overly optimistic.19.A.He didn’t go to college. B.He is serious and focused.C.He doesn’t believe in UFOs.D.He suffered a lot from his divorce.20.A.You will grow stronger by overcoming challenges.B.You are not supposed to blame others even if you are hurt.C.You can’t prevent others hurting you from time to time.D.You will become powerful if driven by your desires.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.No Filming at Concerts and Movie Theaters on Phones“Please,no flash photography.”Polite requests like this can be found in museums all over the world,but they generally don’t discourage people from taking photos of(21)_________they feel like.The same goes for concerts,movie theaters and other places(22)_________people routinely ignore filming restrictions.A new patent from Apple may block that rule-breaking feature—on phones at least.The patent,(23)_________(award)to Apple today,outlines a system which would allow venues,like concert halls or theaters,to use an infrared emitter(红外发射器)to remotely disable the camera function on smartphones.According to the patent,infrared beams could be picked up by the camera,and interpreted by the smartphone as a command(24)_________(block)the user from taking any photos or videos.Many musicians and performers have banned cellphones from their shows(25)_________they object to the free footage circulating around the web.(26)_________this,images still manage to leak out. Prince’s last concert before he passed away in April was supposed to be cellphone-free—it apparently wasn’t.If Apple’s patent(27)_________(introduce)into iPhone software,with venues putting infrared emitters around their stage,leaks like this could potentially stop happening.But the patent also raises questions about the sort of power that this technology would be handing over to(28)_________with more immoral intentions.Given the company’s rigid support of personal privacy when it comes to police requests to break into users’devices,it’s possible that Apple just(29)_________(patent)the technology so that no one else will use it.But who knows,if it does intend to introduce this feature to future operating systems,sales of camcorders,or even GoPros,could get a much-needed boost,as people try to avoid(30)_________(use) the prohibitive software.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.Science in ImagesOyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world,but they shouldbe off the menu for hungry worms --which these delicious mushrooms willkill and eat.Now researchers finally know how they do it.A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushroomsuse a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫).The mushrooms,which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood,then 31the worms for nutrition.“Nematodes happen to be the most 32animals these mushrooms encounter.So I think,33,this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,”says study senior author.The study team of geneticists,biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow 34the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells,killing them.This 35differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.For their new work,the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue,finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up.They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of 36compound that disappears into air when disturbed.When they damaged the oystermushroom tissue again and 37analyzed the nearby air,they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny,special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface.When nematodes touch the mushrooms,these structures 38their gas,disturbing the worms’cell walls to cause immobility anddeath.The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.Before this study,“we underestimated the 39to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,”notes Nick Talbot,a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich,England.The study demonstrates “a very 40approach,”he adds.“These organisms are really difficult to work on,and Dr.Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C andD.A.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyF.extentG.freeze H.mechanism I.novel J.subsequently K.unstable Oyster mushroomFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the middle of2023,a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience(神经科学)and technology.For the first time,the thoughts and impressions of people41to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language,using a combination of artificial intelligence(AI)and brain imaging technology.This is the closest science has yet come to42someone’s mind.Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.43this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives.But it could also give other entities,such as corporations, researchers and other third parties,a(n)44degree of insight into,or even control over,the lives of patients.The NeuroRights Foundation,based at Columbia University in New York,argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be45for all humans to preserve their privacy,identity,and free will.The potential46of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.47this approach,Chile was the first country that adopted legislation,drafting new laws,to address the risks of neurotechnology.It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental48, but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata,and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices,even those intended for the general consumer.The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely49nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues,which cannot be bought or sold,only donated.But this legislation has also faced50, with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and51to date,other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies.And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical,future52are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes.The growing53of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.Different people,societies,and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line.We are at a(n)54 stage of technological development.And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science,the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more55.41.A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable42.A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading43.A.Reducing B.Restricting C.Restoring D.Requiring44.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligible D.supportive45.A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied46.A.application B.weakness C.impact D.significance47.A.In comparison with B.In line withC.At the conclusion ofD.At the cost of48.A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function49.A.group B.general C.physical D.personal50.A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence51.A.far-reaching bor-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed52.A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies53.A.confidence B.availability C.membership D.movement54.A.mature B.initial C.different D.final55.A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.specialSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I used to think I was a good person.I was caring to my friends,my partner,my family;I gave to charity and I volunteered.But when I started training to become a therapist(治疗师),I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people,we don’t actually know ourselves very well.I learned about how we might,without consciously realizing it,deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad,pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others,so they become the bad people.I learned that deep in the human mind,alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger,need,greed,envy,destructiveness,superiority—whether we want to acknowledge them or not.It was22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up.We first spoke two years ago.He was unemployed,living with his parents,watching his friends’lives progress.A good grown-up,he told me,is“someone who has his ducks in a row”—and that wasn’t him.I also didn’t feel like the competent,confident grown-up I thought I should be—and neither did most of the adults I knew.I researched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later,if at all—from buying a home to getting married or starting a family.I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up:that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it.Then I saw Boru again.He told me how,over two years,he’d found a job he loves,rented a flat with a friend.He’s now cycling round the world,having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life.So what changed?“You start to have those conversations with yourself,and you become more of an honest person.I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore,because I’m not hiding from myself.”I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations.Boru does it on his bike,I do it in psychoanalysis,others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music.That,for Boru, and for me,is what it means to“have his ducks in a row”.56.What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselves?A.Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth.B.Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate.C.True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides.D.Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception.57.What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about being a good grown-up?A.It involves having a clear career path and financial stability.B.It requires constant self-improvement and education.C.It means being employed and living independently.D.It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty.58.What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adult?A.Escaping basic responsibilities.B.Delaying reaching traditional life milestones.paring personal achievements to others.D.Investigating changing patterns of adult life.59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Why Hide HarmsB.How to Be Better AdultsC.Why Growing up MattersD.How to Have Effective Conversations(B)Guided Desert AdventureTypical desert activities like sandboarding,dune bashing and quad bikingSandboarding Quad bikingWith this tour,you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert.You’ll start your tour by driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune(沙丘)for a chance to take photos of the area.On top of a sand dune,you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding.From here,you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle.Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air.Finally,you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.What’s included✓Pickup and drop-off✓20minutes of sandboarding✓35minutes of dune bashing✓25minutes of quad biking✓10-minute camel ride✓Water and soft drinks✓A drive through a camel farmAdditional information∙Requires a high level of physical fitness.∙Not suitable for children between0and5.∙Children under18must be accompanied by an adult.∙Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets and fruits,which costs an additional US$45/person only.60.What kind of experiences can participants expect from this trip?A.Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune.B.Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride.C.An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities.D.Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera.61.How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the14:00tour?$180.$220.$265.$400.62.Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tour?A.The show was great!I highly recommend!B.It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it.C.The place is cool,easy to find and get to with metro.D.Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue.(C)Pricing is managers’biggest marketing headache.It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job.All successful pricing efforts share two qualities:The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy,and the process is well-organized as a whole.A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy.Consider Saturn Corporation(a wholly owned company of General Motors).Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with.Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance.ButSaturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well.Can a friendly,trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last$100?Of course not.Saturn has a“no hassle,no haggle”policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer.Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal.Of course,there are typically many participants in the pricing process:Accounting provides cost estimates;marketing communicates the pricing strategy;sales provides specific customer input;production sets supply boundaries;and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary.However,problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms(协调机制).For example,if the marketing department sets list prices,the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field,the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements,and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment,everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results.In fact,the company may actually lose money on some orders.63.Why is it essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategy?A.To maximize possible returns and profits.B.To maintain consistency in business operations.C.To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs.D.To attract customers to social events and trainings.64.What does Saturn’s“no hassle,no haggle”policy(paragraph2)most probably mean?A.Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely.B.Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers.C.Saturn cars are at least$100cheaper than other cars.D.Saturn cars are sold at fixed,non-negotiable prices.65.What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing process?A.Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information.B.The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input.C.Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process.D.The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best.66.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.The art of coordinating pricing processesB.The best sales negotiation techniquesC.Getting one step closer toward better pricingD.Maximizing profits through pricing policiesSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.And so,what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture.B.But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognize?C.Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress.D.But if we can make the constant less so,our attention will naturally turn back to it.E.Rather than focus on how to see our life better,we need to learn to better our life.F.The good news is that you can dishabituate.Your Life Is Better Than You ThinkThe undeniable popularity of self-help books,wellness podcasts,and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better.67While we may have a loving family,a good place to live,and a decent job,we often fail to notice those things.It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid,but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less in response to things that are constant.You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while,you cannot detect their scent any longer;and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers,you also get used to a loving relationship,to a promotion,to a nice home,to a wonderful work of art.Like the front page of a daily newspaper,your brain cares about what recently changed,not about what remained the same.68You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.69That is,you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized.The key is taking small breaks from your daily life.For example,when people return home from a long business trip,they often find their old life has“reshined.”Ordinary things suddenly seem amazing.If something is constant,we often assume(perhaps unconsciously)that it is there to stay,and as a result,we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list.70If it is good at its core,it may just reshine.This is why time away,however short,will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.71.Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your HeadWe all get a sensation when a song,for no apparent reason,refuses to leave your head–in fact we’re no strangers to the dreaded“ear-worm.”But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics,Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms,and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.To do this,most frequent ear-worms of the participants were entered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all.The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed,revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music.A classic example of a common contour（音调的升降曲线）pattern is heard in Twinkle,Twinkle Little Star,where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls.This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes,but also in pop music.In addition to the melodic shape,the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure.The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song,showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual.“Our findings show that you can,to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,”says one of the researchers,“This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle（短歌）everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works,and improve our understanding in how perception,emotions,memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.火山喷发是多么令人惊叹的自然现象呀！(What)73.除非提供更新鲜的内容给观众，否则视频流量就会下降。

虹口区2014年英语学科高考练习题2014.4 考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—10页）和第Ⅱ卷（第11页），全卷共11页。

第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题为选择题，答题必须涂在答题纸上，第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I 卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A carpenter. B. A doctor. C. An electrician. D. An editor.2. A. $40. B. $30. C. $20. D. $10.3. A. Confused. B. Sympathetic. C. Embarrassed. D. Uninterested.4. A. Leave right away. B. Stay for dinner. C. Catch a train. D. Have a meeting.5. A. He believes that Jack will sell his house. B. He believes that Jack is joking.C. He disagrees with Jack.D. He believes that Jack will quit his job.6. A. There won’t be enough cups left. B. They’ve got plenty of cups.C. They’re buying what they need.D. They’ve got enough food for the picnic.7. A. Jerry really wants the scholarship. B. No one wants the scholarship.C. Jerry isn’t interested in the scholarship.D. Others like the scholarship more than Jerry.8. A. He did better than expected. B. He failed the maths exam.C. He used to be a top student.D. He answered only 10% of the questions.9. A. He rarely receives letters from home. B. He is expecting a letter from abroad.C. He wrote to his family last month.D. He is anxious to go back home.10. A. He’s afraid to take exams.B. He only took the fourth exam.C. He isn’t the only one who was graded.D. He didn’t get the highest score on one exam.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because they usually use their fingers to eat meat.B. Because they can use chopsticks to eat any kind of food except soup.C. Because they can even eat soup with chopsticks.D. Because they are afraid to cut themselves with knives.12. A. Because they cook everything in one whole piece.B. Because they don’t like to use chopsticks.C. Because they need to use knives and forks to cut up meat.D. Because they usually cook meat in small pieces.13. A. The obvious difference in the ways Chinese and Americans eat food.B. Food cultures in China and in the U.S.C. Comparison between chopsticks, knives and forks.D. The ways of using chopsticks, knives and forks.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because he thought he knew the man.B. Because he wanted to have a look at the newspaper.C. Because the man was reading the article he had written.D. Because the man was reading the newspaper he had edited.15. A. To buy the newspaper.B. To recognize him as the writer.C. To read deeply into the article.D. To turn to the page where the story was continued.16. A. The man was reading. B. The man was talking.C. The man was smiling.D. The man was sleeping.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)One of my most surprising findings as a student is 25 parents do not always accept your adulthood. I was always told that once you get to college, your parents realize that you have been living 26 your own and can make your own decisions. This idea was rejected 27 I came home for Thanksgiving. At first, everything was going as 28 (smoothly) as possible. The first night I went to the Berkeley campus to visit my friend Sara, without any argument from my mother. 29 when I called her to say I had decided to spend the night at Sara’s dorm, my mom informed me that she wanted me home at one a.m. I was wild with anger! I 30 (make) my own decisions how late a young man should stay out for several months. However much I tried to reason with my mother, she insisted things are different when I am home, and that they were the 31 paying my bills. And kids, this is true. No matter how much you want to fight it, mommy and daddy are still holding the purse strings, whether you are 18 or not. Sometimes it is best to sit back, shut up, and do32 they ask.(B)A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply —all these were important factors in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution, but they were not enough. Something else 33 (need) to start the industrial process. That ―something special‖ was men —creative individuals 34 could invent machines, find new sources of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.The men who created the machines of the Industrial Revolution came from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were more inventors than scientists. A pure scientist appreciates 35 (conduct) his research accurately. He is not necessarily working 36 ______ his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is usually trying to make something that has a concrete use. He may strive 37 (solve) a problem by using the theories of science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless ofhis method, he is working to obtain 38 specific result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of many other objectives.Many of the people who developed the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not 39 (train) scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training in science 40 not have made their inventions if a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years before.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Officials at Boston College have made what may be a critical decision: th ey’ve stopped giving out new email accounts to incoming students. The officials realized that the students had already established digital 41 by the time they entered college, so the new email addresses were just not being used, but, 42 , the college will offer forwarding (转发) services.Starting next year, freshman 43 at Boston College won’t be given an actual email account complete with login and inbox, just an email address. This address, in the format of johnsmith@bc. edu will simply forward m ail to the student’s already 44 inbox, be it Gmail, Windows Live Mail, Yahoo Mail, AOL, or whatever else they may be using.The college reached a smart decision after first looking into outsourcing（外包）their email to the cloud. While the Boston College decision may have been made for 45 reasons more than anything, we can easily imagine this as being the start of a new trend.Can you even imagine a U.S. college student who didn’t have an email address of their own by the time they were a freshman? I t’s 46 unheard of. Today’s students are digital 47 immersed (浸润) in technology from the day they were born. It simply doesn’t make sense to give them yet another account to manage when they enter college.By going this 48 , there are still some challenges to overcome, though. For example, a student who changes their email carrier will probably forget to 49 the institution to the change and could then miss out on 50 messages from the university with regard to their courses, scholarship, safety information, etc.In the end, we think the decision Boston College made could easily be the start of a new trend. We’re sure the students like it, too.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Napping for a while at daytime is a very smart and healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 51 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 52 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to53 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 54 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 55 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 56 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying from heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping is n’t57 for everyone. If you’re suffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 58 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits59 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze（小睡）can 60 creativity.According to , you 61 a natural dip in body temperature between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness for several hours and, for most people, shouldn’t 62 being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly. 63 napping on the couch instead of in bed, so y ou’re less64 to snooze for too long.Surprisingly, the best place to take a nap may be a hammock（吊床）if you have one. A Swiss study 65 last year found that people fell asleep faster and had deeper sleep when they napped in a hammock than in a bed. That same rocking motion that puts babies to sleep works wonders for grown-ups, too.51. A. relieve B. promote C. operate D. support52. A. feeling B. frame C. sense D. mind53. A. cope with B. put aside C. talk about D. carry upon54. A. remark B. consider C. remember D. concern55. A. reportedly B. unbelievably C. constantly D. frankly56. A. regularly B. enormously C. heavily D. strongly57. A. exact B. correct C. right D. accurate58. A. connect B. deal C. compete D. interfere59. A. focusing B. depending C. relying D. basing60. A. enlarge B. engage C. enhance D. enroll61. A. explore B. experience C. exercise D. implement62. A. produce B. handle C. affect D. urge63. A. postpones B. discourages C. acknowledges D. recommends64. A. obliged B. tempted C. adopted D. attracted65. A. pronounced B. published C. discovered D. cultivated Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, especially because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the ―Car of the Future‖. They featured unconventional things like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline.I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I don’t steer it carefully.But guess what? All of these things are likely to change in the not-so-distant future. It may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things.Airbags aren’t the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed crashes, they obviously still need some development. But they aren’t going away, and in fact, you can expect to see cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer.Better than systems to minimize injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening in the first place? Future cars may be able to remove many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, and tailgating (与前车距离过近). Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a driver’s system and prevent the car from being started, for example. As early as next year, you’ll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control s ystems. If the radar determines you’re closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle（油门）.Scientists are now working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway on its own. Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves?66. The author was fascinated by cars because ________.A. other small boys liked to own a car of their own, tooB. he read untraditional things about cars in his brother’s magazinesC. his oldest brother loved to take him to places in his carD. he often booked cool car magazines himself67. By saying ―my car doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do‖, theauthor means that ________.A. my car is far better than my brother’sB. my car is not as good as my broth er’sC. much improvement has been made in the design of cars recentlyD. not much has changed in the performance of cars so far68. Which of the following statements is true of airbags?A. They are going to disappear gradually.B. They are in need of further improvement.C. They are a standard feature of European cars.D. They kill people instead of protecting them in low-speed crashes.69. According to the author, what will future cars do if the sensors detect alcohol in the driver’ssystem?A. They will not start.B. They will ease up on the throttle.C. They will brake automatically.D. They will give a warning in advance.(B)Suppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now you are looking for a place where you can improve your English, especially your spoken English.Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find the information you need.70. You work from 9:00 a. m. to 4:30 p. m. every day. Which school will you choose?A. Global English Center and the International House.B. Global English Center and Modem Language School.C. Modern Language School and the 21st Century.D. The 21st Century and the International House.71. The 21st Century is different from the other three schools in that ________.A. its teaching quality is betterB. it requires an entrance examinationC. its courses are more advancedD. it is nearest to the city center72. You will probably prefer to go to the International House because it ________.A. offers sightseeing and social activities at low pricesB. costs less than the other schoolsC. has a special course in spoken EnglishD. has native English teachers73. If you take the four-month evening program at the International House, you will pay about________.A. 60 yuanB. 240 yuanC. 720 yuanD. 960 yuan(C)Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over (绊倒) themselves in their eagerness to sign cooperative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements, as a low-cost route to acquiring new airliner technology. If they are not careful the two sides will end up tripping over each other: the one by selling its birth-right for short-term gain, the other by trying to break into a market which isn’t big enough to sustain (忍受) it.Technology transfer works in a growing market, where the aspirations of the new entrant receiving that technology can be met through expansion. The airliner market is not such a device.Even the most optimistic projections of airliner sales for the next 20 years show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small number of aircraft builders share the available sales. It follows that if new manufacturers come into the market and take sales, their sales must come from substitution, not expansion.Given the complexity of today’s airliners, it is unlikely that any new entrant will have both the financial and technical resources to come into the market without the involvement of an established manufacturer. In the short term, such involvement may not be to the exclusive benefit of the new entrant: most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to reduce costs of manufacture.In the short term, it can be of benefit to an established Western manufacturer to have either components of complete air–frames made or assembled in lower-wage economics such as China, Taiwan or Korea, while retaining the design, development and marketing of aircraft for itself. It would be a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not notice the fact that these developingeconomies are acquiring skills (like computing) at least as quickly as they are acquiring skills in metal bashing (猛击).The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established Western partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual ability to design and build its own aircraft. An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base, the high-cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner.74. T he author’s attitude towards Western/Eastern cooperation can be described as ________.A. positiveB. progressiveC. conservativeD. negative75. ―The airliner market is not such a device‖ means that the airliner market ________.A. does not encourage technology transferB. is too limited to offer chances of successC. requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devicesD. is full of competitions for new entrants76. According to the author, a wise established manufacturer should ________.A. try to benefit from both financial and technical resourcesB. break up his partnership with the East once profits are madeC. keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airlinersD. cooperate with Asian partners for a short time77. The word ―base‖ i n the last paragraph represents ________.A. a place for aircraft productionB. the operation of aircraftC. a research instituteD. a position where to build officeSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.―There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,‖ says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents.Analysts raised a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. One important reason is that the marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people, which is second to skyrocketing housing costs to which young people find their wings attached. Besides, a high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so great that many students now attend local schools.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, ―It is ri diculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.‖ But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has beenhome three times —and left three times. ―What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,‖ she explains. ―He never liked anyone I dated, s o I either had to hide away to meet them at friends’ houses.‖It is really hard to say how long adult children should live with their parents before moving on. Nevertheless, it is commonly recognized that lengthy homecomings are a mistake and they accidentally destroy the advantage of brief visits that will strengthen the relationship between parents and children. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with ―a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.‖ And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. What’s the most important reason for young adults’ returning to the nest?79. Knighton enjoys living at home due to ________.80. What has resulted in the Michelle Del Turco’s unhappy experience with her dad?81. From the passage, we can conclude it is ________ that benefit(s) both adult children and theirparents to avoid lengthy homecomings.第II 卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他们的建议听起来和我们的同样可行。

D OCBAMP虹口区2013学年高三年级二模数学答案（理科）一、填空题（每小题4分，满分56分）1、(1,2)-； 2、4； 3、43π； 4、2()log f x x =； 56、3；7、 3π； 8、710； 9、1； 10、1α，3α；111； 12、2； 13、304m <<； 14、26 ；二、选择题（每小题5分，满分20分）15、A ； 16、C ； 17、B ； 18、C ； 三、解答题（满分74分）19、(12分) 解：（1） 连MO ，过M 作MD AO ⊥交AO 于点D ，连DC ．又PO ==MD ∴=43OC OM ==，．//MD PO ，∴DMC ∠等于异面直线MC 与PO 所成的角或其补角．//MO PB ，∴60MOC ∠=︒或120︒．……………5分当60MOC ∠=︒时，∴MC =∴cos MD DMC MC ∠==，∴DMC ∠= 当120MOC ∠=︒时，∴MC =．∴cos MD DMC MC ∠==∴arccos37DMC ∠= 综上异面直线MC 与PO所成的角等于arccos13或arccos 37．………………8分 （2）三棱锥M ACO -的高为MDM ACO -的体积最大只要底面积OCA ∆的面积最大．而当OC OA ⊥时，OCA ∆的面积最大．…………10分 又OC OP ⊥，此时OC PAB ⊥平面，∴OC PB ⊥，90θ=︒………………12分21、（14分）解：（1）110a =29.5a =3a = 9 4a =8.5………… 12b = 2b =3 3b = 4.5 4b =6.75…………………………………………2分当120n ≤≤且n N *∈，2110(1)(0.5)22n n a n =+-⨯-=-+； 当21n ≥且n N *∈，0n a =．∴21,120220,21n n n n Na n n N **⎧-+≤≤∈⎪=⎨⎪≥∈⎩且且……………………5分 而4415.2515a b +=>，∴132(),1426.75,5n n n n Nb n n N -**⎧⋅≤≤∈⎪=⎨⎪≥∈⎩且且………………8分 （2）当4n =时，12341234()()53.25n S a a a a b b b b =+++++++=． 当521n ≤≤时，1212345()()n n n S a a a b b b b b b =++++++++++432[1()](1)1210() 6.75(4)32212n n n n --=+⨯-++-- 216843444n n =-+-………………………………11分由200n S ≥得216843200444n n -+-≥，即2688430n n -+≤，得3416.3021n ≈≤≤ ……………………13分∴到2029年累积发放汽车牌照超过200万张．…………………………14分22、（16分）解：（1）．222x x x =≥，即对于一切实数x 使得()2f x x ≥成立，∴x x f 2)(=“圆锥托底型” 函数．…………………………2分对于3()g x x =，如果存在0M >满足3x M x ≥，而当x =时，由M≥，∴2M M ≥，得0M ≤，矛盾，∴3()g x x =不是“圆锥托底型” 函数．……………4分 （2）1)(2+=x x f 是“圆锥托底型” 函数，故存在0>M ，使得2()1f x x M x =+≥对于任意实数恒成立．∴当0x ≠时，11M x x x x≤+=+，此时当1x =±时，1x x +取得最小值2，∴2M ≤．…………………………7分而当0x =时，(0)100f M =≥=也成立．∴M 的最大值等于2．……………………8分（3）①当0b =，0k =时，()0f x =，无论M 取何正数，取00x ≠，则有00()0f x M x =<，()0f x =不是“圆锥托底型” 函数．………………10分②当0b =，0k ≠时，()f x kx =，对于任意x 有()f x kx k x =≥，此时可取0M k <≤∴()f x kx =是“圆锥托底型” 函数．………………12分③当0b ≠，0k =时，()f x b =，无论M 取何正数，取0b x M>．有0b M x <，∴()f x b =不是“圆锥托底型” 函数．………………14分④当0b ≠，0k ≠时，b kx x f +=)(，无论M 取何正数，取00bx k=-≠，有x00()0<M bf x M x k=-=，∴b kx x f +=)(不是“圆锥托底型” 函数． 由上可得，仅当0,0b k =≠时，b kx x f +=)(是“圆锥托底型” 函数．…………16分23、（18分）解：（1）由222202y k x b x p k x p b x p y =+⎧⇒--=⎨=⎩，得122x x pk +=，122x x pb ⋅=-点2(,)D pk pk b +…………………………2分设切线方程为y kx m=+，由222202y k x m x p k x p mx p y=+⎧⇒--=⎨=⎩,得22480p k pm ∆=+=，22pk m =-，切点的横坐标为pk ，得2(,)2pkC pk …………4分 由于C 、D 的横坐标相同，∴CD 垂直于x （2）22222211212)448h x x x x x x p k pb =-=+-=+（，∴22248h p k b p-=． (8)分232211122216ABCpk h S CD x x h pk b p∆=⋅-=+-=．……………………11分 C AB ∆的面积与k 、b 无关，只与h 有关．………………12分（本小题也可以求AB h =，切点到直线l 的距离2d ==，相应给分）（3）由（1）知CD 垂直于x 轴，2C A B C hx x x x -=-=，由（2）可得CE A ∆、CF B ∆的面积只与2h 有关，将316ABC h S p ∆=中的h 换成2h ，可得31816ACE BCF h S S p∆∆==⋅． (14)分记3116ABCha Sp∆==，321416ACE BCFha S Sp∆∆=+=⋅，按上面构造三角形的方法，无限的进行下去，可以将抛物线C与线段AB所围成的封闭图形的面积，看成无穷多个三角形的面积的和，即数列{}n a的无穷项和，此数列公比为14．所以封闭图形的面积3114131214a hS ap===-…………………………18分。