阅读训练4

【041】背影我的朋友在灯影下，给我讲了一段吃苦瓜的故事。

我们广东人都喜欢吃苦瓜。

有一次，我们在朝鲜战场作巡回宣传。

回来时，吃到新鲜菜--- 一个盘炒苦瓜。

吃得真算得意，很快就吃了大半盘。

这时候，我们的将军也来到饭厅吃饭，他在那边桌上，大口地边吃边听作战参谋在身旁向他汇报战争的情况。

他看到我们这些搞宣传的人们刚刚回来，就热情地过来和我们闲谈。

直到有人告诉他，开会的时候到已经到了，他才想起该走了。

可是，他还没迈出第一步，又转身回来。

望着我们的脸说：“你们吃的苦瓜，（）没有吃完，是不是可以分我一点儿？”这时候我才想起，原来湖南人也喜欢吃苦瓜的。

不过我们觉昨，我们剩的未免太少了点儿。

如果我们能记得湖南人也是喜欢吃苦瓜的，我们早就分给他了。

现在，只乘下一个盘底儿，又是吃剩下的。

实在不好意思。

（）他满不在乎（hú hu）,这就使得我们也觉得不该在乎了，索性把剩得不多的苦瓜，连盘子都端了给他。

他亲手端过去，连声笑着说：“谢谢！”这时，我①看到了他的背影---平直的背脊，轻快的脚步。

我心想：他不是别人，他是我们②的将军。

这个称（chângchân）号和他是多么相称啊！||在灯光下，我③跟着他的话音，似乎也看到了一个正直人背影----这位将军经常走到我们④行列的前头，（）我们也经常见到他的背影。

1、把短文中括号里不恰当的注意画掉。

2、把下面的关联词恰当地填入短文的括号中。

但是所以如果3、解释句中“又”的意思。

（写入括号中）①他还没迈出第一步，又转身回来。

（）②现在，只剩下一盘底儿，又是吃剩下的，实在不好意思。

（）4、文中四处“我”或“我们”分别指谁？我①（）我们②（）我③（）我们④（）5、一文已分成两段，请写出各段段意。

第一段：（）第二段：（）6、“这个称号，和他是多么相称啊！”一句的“称号”指（），“相称”的意思是（），这个句子的意思是（）7、读全文，填空①这篇短文写了（），表现了（）的品格。

六年级下册课外阅读训练四引路人雨淅淅沥沥地下个不停。

在密密的雨帘中，街上的行人稀少。

我不禁加快了脚步向前走去。

我只顾低头走路，突然把身旁的一个行人撞了一下。

我连忙抬起头来，只见一位双目失明的老人扶住了路旁的墙壁，才没有倒下去。

“对不起，对不起！”我连声道歉。

“噢，噢，不要紧。

”这时，我心里感到一阵不安，忙说：“大伯，我扶你回去吧。

”说着，就伸出手搀扶着他。

“太谢谢了，小姑娘。

”他感动地说。

我搀扶着他一起走，突然，我被什么东西绊了一下差点儿摔倒。

我低头一看，是一块下水道水泥板，就不满地嚷着：“谁把水泥板拿开了，也不放回原处，真缺德！”但一想到身旁的盲人，忙提醒说：“大伯，您这边走，小心绊倒。

”他刚走了一步，随即又停了下来，挣开被我搀扶的手，把手中的拐杖放在一边，蹲下去一边摸索着，一边说：“还会有人走过这里，说不定会被绊倒的。

”不一会儿，他摸到了那块水泥板，又摸到了下水道口，小心翼翼地搬过去把它盖好，然后慢慢地站起来伸手在衣袋里摸手绢。

这时，我的心灵受到猛烈的一震，连忙拿出自己洁白的手绢，放在他那双沾满泥水的手中。

我的眼睛湿泄了。

我仿佛看见他那双模糊的眼睛在闪光。

是的，我看见了他那颗火热透明的心，一颗时时能够想到别人的心。

雨仍在下着，我搀扶着他，继续向前走着，走着……在通往他家的这条路上，我是他的引路人；而在学习做人的道路上他却是我很好的引路人。

I11请你用“〜一~”画出第四自然段中联想的句子；用“一”在文中画出一处细节描写。

2.请你选择。

（1）下面几句话中，哪一句最能确切反映文章的中心思想的一项是（）①文章赞扬了小姑娘乐意为盲人做好事的好行为，好品质。

②文章赞扬了盲人伯伯时时为别人着想的美好心灵。

③文章赞扬了盲人伯伯为别人着想的美好心灵，表达了小姑娘要像盲人伯伯那样做人的决心。

（2）解释短文画横线句子的意思最恰当的一项是（）。

①下雨天，我扶着双目失明的老人向前走，是他的向导。

②下雨天，双目失明的超级大国人教我怎样做人。

初中现代文阅读专题训练(四(一秋季的故事有一位老人和一位少年坐在一棵枫树下的一张长凳上。

那是一个秋风瑟瑟的傍晚。

带着些许凉意的秋风吹指着老人隐约的鹤发和少年茂盛的黑发。

逐渐地,树上的枫叶飘落得愈来愈多 ,有几片飘在老人的膝盖上。

老人捡起一片转过头来对少年说 : “孩子 ,你知道枫叶为何是红的吗?”少年摇摇头。

于是老人讲起它的故事。

在好久好久从前 ,有一对母子住在一座深山里 ,那边长满枫树 ,青翠绿翠的 ,特别艳丽。

他们有一间暖和的小屋。

当晚风吹进小屋时 ,小鸟就会到达窗前起劲地唱歌 ,年青的母亲便带着孩子下地劳作 ,而后上山摘野果、抓野兔 ;当夜幕降暂时 ,母亲便给她的孩子讲故事唱歌谣。

快乐的日子就这样一每日地过去了 ,孩子慢慢地长大。

突然有一天 ,孩子感觉这座山使他厌烦 ,除了花草树木 ,除了飞禽走兽 ,除了阳光雨露 ,除了自然的全部 ,没有其余。

他开始厌烦这全部了 ,却忘了它们以前带他快乐。

他不肯再过这样的生活了 ,但殊不知如何改变这全部。

他把自己的不幸归咎于母亲 ,过去的爱都在这恨中消逝了。

可怜的母亲没法改变孩子的想法 ,却依旧深深爱着他。

她孤单地下地上山 ,小鸟依旧悦耳地歌声只好让她悲伤地想起孩子在身边时的笑语。

逐渐地小屋变得有些悲凉。

日子又一每日地过去。

突然有一天,雷雨交加 ,惊走了全部飞禽走兽。

孩子怕极了 ,躲在母亲的怀里哭 ,哭累后睡着了 ,母亲却一夜未眠。

次日 ,风雨停留 ,但太阳却狠毒地猛晒着。

很多天过去了 ,依旧这样。

外面没有小鸟的声音 ,水源也枯竭了。

家里的最后一粮食都吃完了。

看着孩子干咳着 ,母亲决定出去碰试运气。

孩子挣扎着要跟着去 ,此时他的眼里只有爱。

这是母亲这段日子以来多么希望的事啊 ,可这回她却果断把孩子留在家里。

外面的太阳把它火一般地阳光裹住瘦小的母亲。

放眼看去 ,花草死了 ,树也枯了。

当她踉跄地到达一棵枯树下时 ,枯树张口了 : “好意人 ,给我一点水吧 ,我能够给你一个苹果。

二年级语文阅读理解训练阅读短文，回答问题。

杨树高，榕树壮，梧桐树叶像手掌。

________秋天叶儿红，________四季披绿装。

木棉喜暖在南方，桦树耐寒守北疆。

________水杉活化石，________开花满院香。

（1）文段共有________句话，其中第________句写了杨树、榕树、梧桐树。

（2）从文段中找出下列各字的反义词。

暖——________ 南——________（3）请把下列四种树的名字填到文中横线上。

（填序号）①金桂②银杏③松柏④枫树________秋天叶儿红，________四季披绿装。

________水杉活化石，________开花满院香。

（4）照样子写句子。

例：梧桐树叶像手掌。

像。

二年级答案：（1）四；一（2）寒；北（3）④；③；②；①（4）银杏树叶；扇子阅读短文，回答问题。

姑妈送我一只小鸟，绿色的羽毛，黄色的嘴巴，一双翅膀扑棱扑棱的，非常可爱。

我把它放进笼子里，喂它食吃，给它水喝，可它一动不动。

我很着急，不知道怎么办才好。

突然，小鸟朝着窗外叫起来。

我抬头看去，原来窗外有一群鸟儿欢叫着、嬉戏着，那声音听起来多美妙呀!我想，小鸟一定是想妈妈想小伙伴儿了。

我看了看笼子里的小鸟，决定放它回家。

我打开笼子，小鸟对着我拍拍翅膀，像是在说：“_____________________。

”然后欢叫着飞向林中。

（1）小鸟是什么样子的？（2）“我把它放进笼子里，喂它食吃，给它水喝，可它一动不动。

”小鸟为什么“一动不动”？（）①小鸟生病了。

②小鸟不喜欢我。

③小鸟想念妈妈和同伴了。

（3）小鸟对着“我”拍拍翅膀，像是在说什么？请写在文中的横线上。

（4）你想对小作者说什么呢？（5）通过字典公公的帮忙，你一定又认识了一些生字吧，与大家分享一下吧。

生字朋友1：________，部首是________，音节________，组词________。

生字朋友2：________，部首是________，音节________，组词________。

阅读理解-细节理解四1、 A new commodity brings about a highly profitable,fast-growing industry,urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago ,the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google,Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime,The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant,all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the21st century. When considering a merger(兼并),for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-borm threat. Whenthis takes place,especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply panies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form emments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users' consent.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments don't wants a data oconomy by a few giants, they must act soon.1.Why is there a call to break up giants?A.They have controlled the data marketB.They collect enormous private dataC.They no longer provide free servicesD.They dismissed some new-born giants2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?A.Data giants’ technology is very expensiveB.Google’s idea is popular among data firmsC.Data can strengthen giants’ controlling positi onD.Data can be turned into new services or products3.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulatorscould .A.kill a new threatB.avoid the size trapC.favour bigger firmsD.charge higher prices4.What is the purpose o f loosening the giants’ control of data?A.Big companies could relieve data security pressure.ernments could relieve their financial pressure.C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.D.Small companies could get more opportunities.2 、 El Nin o, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, th ey are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Niño's harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and woundingpeople. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.1.What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?A.It is named after a South American fisherman.B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.2.What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_________.A.more investment should go to risk reductionernments of poor countries need more aidC.victims of El Niño deserve more compensationD.recovery and reconstruction should come first4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce El Niño and its origin.B.To explain the consequences of El Niño.C.To show ways of fighting against El Niño.D.To urge people to prepare for El Niño.3、While WeChat is China's biggest mobile messaging app (应用软件),there are many equivalent(相当的) apps in other countries that offer similar features(特征).WhatsApp (US)Users: more than 300 millionPlatforms: Android, 10S, Windows Phone, BlackBerryFeatures:Text chat, push-to-talk, file sharing, location sharingWith more than 300 million active users, WhatsApp is one of WeChat's biggest competitors. Developed by two ex-Yahoo! employees in 2009, WhatsApp originally focused on text chat, but onAug6 it also started push - to - talk service. It's noted for its accessibility, ease of use and the absence of advertisements. The service is free for the first year, after which $0.99 (6.06 yuan) is charged for one-year subscription.Kakao Talk (South Korea)Users: more than 100 millionPlatforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and Bada (an operateing system developed by Samsung)Features: Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, group calls, file sharingWith more than 100 million users in more than 230 countries, Kakao Talk is a multi - platform ( 多平台 ) texting application that allows users to send and receive messages for free. With Kakao Talk, users can message each other one-on one or in group chats with unlimited numbers of friends. You can also choose from more than 250 animated emoticons (表情符号) and share them with friends.Line (Japan)Users: more than 200 millionPlatforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and PCFeatures:Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, file sharing, location sharing, gaming, stickers.Line tops the list of the most downloaded free apps in 52 countries. Apart from text and voice messaging, Line provides its users with more than 250 original stickers and emoticons to buy from its own shop. In the first quarter of 2013 alone. it made $ ,7 million just from stickers. The popular app also allows friends to battle each other in the LINE Game.1.The first paragraph of the passage is used to _______.A.introduce the most popular mobile messaging apps in ChinaB.talk about new features in the latest mobile messaging appsC.draw readers' attention to various popular mobile messaging appsD.explain how mobile messaging apps have become so popularpared with the other two apps, which of the following features makes Line stand out?A.Group mobile games.B.Free stickers and emoticons.C.Free download of the app.D.Text and group chat.3.One of the popular features of WhatsApp is that users_______.A.can send and receive messages for freeB.can enjoy live video chats within groupsC.don't need to worry about unwanted adsD.regularly set free stickers and emoticons4、 During the past Spring Festival, many children may have received red packets from their families. But Xing Pu, a 40-year-old economist, is asking the government to give red packets to every Chinese citizen.Xing suggested the government give out 1,000 yuan to each Chinese since the government income has increased rapidly in recent years. He said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the country’s economic success, help the lower-income groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption(消费)around the country.Recent years have seen the government carry out a series of pro-poor(扶贫)and pro-rural(惠农)policies(政策),including increasing spending on public health-care and cutting down the agricultural tax. But the lower-income group still needs more help.Xing said he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like theUnited StatesandSingapore. Earlier this year, the governments of the two nations offered cash handouts(救济)to their citizens. As for inC hina, “We can even encourage the rich to donate their 1,000 yuan red packet to the poor,” said Xing.Although Xing’s suggestion has gained wide support among ordinary Chinese on the Internet, many other economists criticized it as unpractical. “To bett er use the increase of money, handing out money is not a solution that holds good for all time. It could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life,” said Qiao Xinsheng, an economic professor.1.Xing Pu suggested that the government give out 1,000 yuan to each Chinese because ________.A.the poor should get help from the richB.the government should help the richC.the growing economic pie should be shared among the peopleD.the government doesn’t know how to use th e money2.What has the government done to help the lower-income group?A.Spending less on public health care.B.Increasing the agricultural tax.C.Handing out money to every Chinese.D.Carrying out pro-poor and pro-rural policies.3.Xing Pu’s ideas of givi ng red packets to every Chinese citizen mainly came from ________.A.children receiving red packets from their familiesB.the US andSingaporegovernments offering cash handouts to their citizensC.the government’s increasing spending on public health careD.the rising prices in the country4.According to Qiao Xinsheng, what is better than giving out money?A.Supplying food to everyone every day.B.Cutting the price of energy use in daily life.C.Controlling the rising of prices.D.Increasing the government income.5、 Rock music in one form or another is the most popular type of music all over the world. But where did it come from?Rock began in the USA in the early 1950s. At that time, “rhythm and blue” music was very popular with black Americans. “R&B” was a mixture of black religious music and jazz. It had strong rhythms that you could dance to and simple, fast words.Noticing the success of R&B music, white musicians started to copy the same style. By the mid-1950s, this new white R&B music, ca lled rock ’n’ roll, had become very popular. Singers like Elvis Presley and Bill Haley attracted millions of teenage fans. Their music was fast and loud. Many older people thought that rock ’n’ roll was very dangerous.By the early 1960s, even rock ’n’ roll had become old-fashioned. Many of the songs had begun to sound the same. It was at that time that a new group from England became popular — the Beatles.The Beatles first started by singing American style songs, but they soon developed their own style, with more complicated tunes. They also introduced different instruments. Groups like the Beatles had a very important influence on the style of popular music.By the early 1970s, rock ’n’ roll had developed into a new form of music. Electronics had replaced the amplified guitars and drums of rock ’n’ roll. “Rock” had arrived.Rock music had continued to change and develop. It had combined with music from different parts of the world. Today, there are hundreds of different types of rock music, and almost every country has its own form of rock.1.When had rock ’n’ roll become very popular?A.By the mid-1950s.B.By the early 1960s.C.By the mid-1960s.D.By the early 1970s.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Beatles?A.It was not an American group.B.This group had their own style.C.This group made American style songs popular.D.The style of popular music had been influenced by this group.3.It can be inferred from the passage that Elvis Presley and Bill Haley________.A.we re singers of “R&B”B.were singers in the mid-1950sC.were members of the BeatlesD.were popular with old people4.What's the best title of the passage?A.Popular MusicB.The History of Rock MusicC.Different Forms of Music in AmericaD.The Beatles6、 I was reading these interesting stories behind a group of great logos in the world. Personally Nike is my favorite one—it’s so simple. And I liked the stories behind them, which made me forget all other things. McDonald’s, Apple, Mercedes Benz and Adidas own great logos as well, and they are among my favorites.NikeIn the Greek myth, Nike is the goddess of victory and the source of inspiration for soldiers. This logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek goddess. Nike’s logo was des igned by Carolyn Davidson in 1971 for $ 35, and was registered as a trademark in 1995.McDonald’sThe logo was designed in 1962 by Jim Schindler to resemble the arch shaped (拱形的) signs on the side of the company’s then walk-up hamburger stand. Later on, the two golden arches were combined together to form the M. The McDonald’s name was added to the logo in 1968.AppleThere are different stories behind Apple’s logo. The first logo was a reference to the religious story of Adam and Eve, in which the apple representedthe fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. One year later, the second logo was designed in 1977 by Steven Jobs and Ronald Wayne, and it described Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. This logo didn’t stay long. One year later it was replaced almost immediately by graphic designer Rob Janoff’s “rainbow apple”, a rainbow-colored silhouette (轮廓) of an apple with a bite taken out of it. And then the rainbow-colored apple was replaced by the one-colored logo in 1998. It has not been changed so far.Mercedes BenzThe Mercedes Benz logo, which was originally created by Gottlieb Daimler in 1909, consists of a simple description of a three- pointed star that represents its rule of the land, the sea and the air. The company was founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. Mercedes is the name of Maybach’s elder daughter, while Benz came as a result of a combination with Benz, Cie. and DMG in 1926.1.What does the author think of the stories of the great logos?A.They are boring.B.They are attractiveC.They are out of date.D.They are practical2.What does Nike’s logo stand for?A.The goddess of victoryB.The source of inspiration for soldiersC.The wing of the Greek goddessD.The statue of the Greek goddess3.We can learn that Apple’s present logo is______.A.the religious story of Adam and EveB.Newton’s sitting under an apple treeC.a bitten apple with only one colorD.the rainbow-colored bitten apple4.Which of the following time orders describes the births of the great logos?A.Nike –McDonald’s – Apple – Mercedes Benz.B.Mercedes Benz –McDonald’s – Nike – Apple.C.Mercedes Benz – Apple – Nike –McDonald’s.D.Nike –Mercedes Benz –McDonald’s – Apple.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D解析：1.推理判断题,根据第二段第一句中的“Such s ituation"可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场, 故答案为A项。

人教部编版四年级暑期基础知识专项训练经典阅读训练41．阅读短文，完成练习。

划船的启示富尔敦是美国的工程师、发明家。

富尔敦小时候只爱画画，不爱读书。

一天，老师对他说：“孩子，你只是图画画得好，别的（功攻）课都不行，会（流留）级的。

要重视科学知识的学习呀！”可是，他把老师的话当作耳边风。

有一次，富尔敦去（钓钩）鱼。

他坐的小船遇上了大风，划起船来费劲极了。

他想：“装上风帆只能随风飘游，还有什么好办法能改变这种（壮状）况呢？”不一会儿，风停了，富尔敦坐在空船里，把脚浸在河水中，心里还盘算着……不知不觉小船已经荡到河中心了。

他惊喜地发现，原来是两只脚不断摆水的结果。

他又想：“能不能用十字叉的轮子来代替划船的桨？轮子该怎么造？造好后装在什么位置最合适？船身又该怎样改装呢……这些问题靠画画不能解决，怎么办呢？这时候，富尔敦才领悟到老师的话是对的，决心重视学习科学知识。

从此，富尔敦发奋读书，进步很快，后来成为第一艘蒸汽轮船的发明者。

（1）选出括号里不恰当的字。

（2）从这篇短文中找出下面词语的反义词。

轻视________ 省力________（3）在“心里还盘算着”的后面是省略号，省略去的内容大约是________。

（4）根据课文理解，选择正确的答案（）A.富尔敦是个聪明的孩子，他知错就改。

B.要想有所作为，就要重视学习科学知识。

C.富尔敦的老师很会教育自己的学生。

D.只要多参加活动，就能增长见识。

2．阅读短文，回答问题。

提灯笼的小飞虫温暖的夏夜里，草丛里多么热闹！有各种小虫在唱歌，还有一闪一闪的小飞虫，像提着灯笼在漫游。

它忽上忽下，忽左忽右，或者把光熄（xīshì）灭，让你看不到它，它就是萤火虫。

它是你想捉到的最可爱的一种甲虫。

它不咬人，不蜇（zhēzhé）人，它的光是凉的，并不会烧你的手。

萤火虫在地上产卵，刚刚孵出的小萤火虫藏（cáng zàng）在地下，或是躲在烂木头里。

四年级下册语文阅读理解专项训练4（含答案）（一）试①再过三天，小保姆一个月的试用期就到了。

小保姆长得浓眉大眼，样子（）土气点，手脚（）很勤快。

煮饭、洗衣、打扫房间，样样活儿都干得挺利索。

毕竟是乡下来的姑娘，很实在，女主人对她的总体印象颇佳。

不过，在最后三天中，女主人还想对她进行一项测试。

②清早，小保姆起床要去做饭，在房门口捡到一元钱。

她想准是女主人掉的，就随手把它放在厅中的茶几上，像收拾一件杂物，随收随放，琐琐碎碎，她根本没有意识到这当中的特殊意味：这钱藏着一个心计，对钱的漠视竟是一种抗争。

③第二天清早，小保姆又在房门口见到一张钞票，是五元钱。

她好生奇怪，女主人为何连续两天丢钱？她是个精细的主妇，怎么会丢三落（luòlà）四的？咦，会不会是在试探，在怀疑我的诚实？小保姆想到这儿，翘起了嘴巴，很生气：怎么能这样小看人？怎么能这样侮辱人？她越想越气，准备找女主人论理。

然而，她仔细一想，又否定了自己的猜想。

女主人刚从科长位上退休，富态中透着几分威严，待人接物很有风度。

这样体面的人，怎么会玩“钓金龟”的小儿游戏呢？不会的。

可是，再想回来，不是女主人，还会有谁把钱放在这儿？她迫切想知道究竟，于是眉头微微的蹙起，旋即用脚把钱拨进了茶几脚下……④晚上睡前，小保姆趴在卧室窗前窥看厅中动静，她想看看女主人是否来取钱。

不出所料，女主人果然悄悄来到厅中，在茶几前趴下，把手伸到茶几脚下……这一镜头令小保姆看呆了。

女主人在小保姆心目中受敬重的位置坍塌了，变成了一个粗俗可鄙的恶婆婆。

她恨恨的咬了一下嘴唇，似乎在暗暗下定一个什么决心，随后便安然上床睡觉去了。

⑤第三天清早，小保姆又在房门口见到一张钞票，是十元钱。

她的嘴角立即泛起一丝冷笑，便把钱捡了起来，装进了自己的口袋里……当晚，女主人找小保姆谈话，像当年找科员个别谈话一样严肃婉转，采用启发式，你在试用期的工作表现是不错的，这应该充分肯定，可是，唉！做人起头，路正长着呢！诚实是顶要紧的。

桑葚娃又到了桑葚结果的季节,弟弟几乎找遍了桑树坡的每一棵桑树,摘下桑葚一颗一颗喂进妹妹的嘴里。

那些半红半青的,妹妹嚼着嚼着,会从嘴里吐出来,因为没有完全长熟的果子是酸溜溜的。

于是,弟弟记住了哪棵树上有红的,哪棵树上有青的,今天该摘哪棵树上的,明天该摘哪棵树上的,总之,他想方设法要摘到最好的桑葚,让妹妹高兴得不哭不闹。

爸爸奖给弟弟一个外号——“桑葚娃”。

那天刚放学,我还在回家的路上,天突然下起了大雨。

弟弟该不会还在桑树坡吧!我冒雨跑回家,可家里没人,这下我慌了。

只听弟弟在桑树坡高喊:“爸!妈!快拿斗笠来!”我赶忙奔向桑树坡,只见在一棵大桑树旁的小石洞前,弟弟浑身被雨水浇透了,站在洞口遮挡着雨点竹背篓里的妹妹没有被雨淋着,正笑嘻嘻地吃着桑葚,满嘴红红的桑葚汁,从下巴一直流到衣襟上。

我说:“弟弟真有办法!”弟弟听了,觉得像做了一件非常了不起的事情,开心地笑了。

雨停了,弟弟说:“哥,明天是爸爸的生日、我们给他摘桑葚泡酒,好吗?”好!”于是,我爬上桑树,弟弟背起妹妹,双手把斗笠翻过来接着。

摘呀,摘呀,直到弯弯的月亮挂到了桑树坡的上空……1.根据句子意思找出短文中的四字词语.想尽了一切办法。

( )2.爸爸称弟弟为“桑葚娃”的原因是（）A.弟弟很喜欢吃桑葚B.弟弟总能摘到最好的桑葚,并且熟悉每棵桑树的果子是否成熟C.弟弟每次摘桑葚总带着妹妹3.从画“”的句子中,你可以看出弟弟是一个怎样的孩子?一位父亲带着6岁的儿子郊游,父亲钓鱼,儿子在一旁玩耍。

在离湖边不远处,有一个很深的大坑。

孩子好奇,自己偷偷摸索着下到坑里。

玩了一阵子后他发现,大坑离地面很高,下来容易上去难。

于是他不得不求助正在钓鱼的父亲:“爸爸,爸爸,帮帮我,我上不去了!”但他没有得到回应。

其实,此时此刻他知道他的父亲正在距离他不远的地方钓鱼他没有想到,父亲会对其求助置之不理。

于是,他的第一反应就是愤怒。

他开始直呼父亲大人的名字,并称之为“混蛋”。

他的父亲还是置之不理。

小学语文总复习专项训练（古诗文阅读训练4）一、古诗阅读。

早梅［唐］张谓一树寒梅①白玉条，迥②临村路③傍溪桥。

不知近水花先发④，疑是经冬⑤雪未销⑥。

【注释】①寒梅：梅花。

因其凌寒开放，故称寒梅。

②迥：远。

③村路：乡间小路。

④发：开放。

⑤经冬：经过冬天。

⑥销：同“消”，融解。

这里指冰雪融解。

1.“一树寒梅白玉条”这句诗运用了________的修辞手法，把梅花比作__________，突出了梅花晶莹洁白的特点。

2.“____________________”描写了梅花的生长环境。

（用诗句填空）3.用自己的话说说后两句诗的意思。

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.诗人笔下的梅花具有怎样的特点·（）（多选）A.洁白俏丽B.不畏严寒C.艳丽夺目D.品质高洁二、对照阅读。

【甲】蜀中有杜处士，好书画，所宝以百数。

有戴嵩《牛》一轴，尤所爱，锦囊玉轴，常以自随。

一日，曝书画，有一牧童见之，拊掌大笑，曰：＂此画斗牛耶？牛斗，力在角，尾搐入两股间。

今乃掉尾而斗，谬矣。

＂处士笑而然之。

古语有云：＂耕当问奴，织当问婢。

＂不可改也。

【乙】沧州南，一寺临河干，山门圮（pǐ）于河，二石兽并沉焉。

阅十余岁，僧募金重修，求二石兽于水中，竟不可得。

以为顺流下矣，棹（zhào）数小舟，曳（yè）铁钯（pá），寻十余里，无迹。

一讲学家设帐寺中，闻之笑曰：“尔辈不能究物理，是非木柿（fēi），岂能为暴涨携之去？乃石性坚重，沙性松浮，湮（yān）于沙上，渐沉渐深耳。

沿河求之，不亦颠乎？”众服为确论。

一老河兵闻之，又笑曰：“凡河中失石，当求之于上流。

盖石性坚重，沙性松浮，水不能冲石，其反激之力，必于石下迎水处啮（niè）沙为坎穴，渐激渐深，至石之半，石必倒掷坎穴中。

99枚纸做的“金牌”文/程立祥一个春风和煦的上午，邮政银行给儿童医院送来一笔数目巨大的捐款。

这是波兰的一家儿童医院，因为救治了许多白血病患者而闻名世界。

可就在这家医院里，依旧有许多孩子因为医治不及时而离开了这个美丽的世界。

当然，更多的家庭是因为付不起昂贵的医药费，伤心欲绝地看着一朵朵鲜花在痛苦中夭折了。

现在，有了这笔巨大的捐款，天空刹那间变得明亮了，许许多多白血病儿童的生命就充满了希望，充满了阳光！在这笔巨款启动的时候，几位得到救助的儿童家长开始寻找这位神秘的好心人，希望知道这位慈善家的名字。

可惜儿童医院没有半点关于捐助者的信息。

而此时，电视节目中却正在批评一个叫杰德捷泽扎克的女运动员，说她在雅典奥运会中夺得女子200米蝶泳的金牌，是波兰在游泳项目上的第一位奥运冠军，为国家争了光，可是，就是她，回国后却把这枚金牌拍卖了，得了一笔巨款过起了奢侈富足的生活……一年后，经儿童医院多方打听，终于找到了捐助者杰德捷泽扎克，把她邀请到了儿童医院。

被医治好的白血病儿童都来感谢他们的恩人。

他们都说是杰德捷泽扎克给了自己第二次生命！杰德捷泽扎克和孩子们幸福地笑着，跳着。

就在杰德捷泽扎克准备离开儿童医院的时候，许多的新闻媒体蜂拥而来。

可是杰德捷泽扎克没有说自己的故事，没有接受任何一家媒体的采访，留给他们的只是微笑。

她打开身边的一个精致的小盆子，里面装了九十九枚“金牌”。

这是世界上绝无仅有的“金牌”，是接受救助的孩子们亲手用纸做的。

杰德捷泽扎克拿起一枚“金牌”戴在脖子上，噙着泪说：“这九十九枚金牌代表了儿童医院所有白血病孩子的心，它们是世界上最为贵重的金牌！”1.这笔数额巨大的捐款是谁捐的？捐款人是如何获得这笔钱的？___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________2.杰德捷泽扎克真的用这笔钱过上了富足的生活吗？说说你的理由。