2022高考英语二轮阅读理解归类复习—科普知识(详解)

2022高考英语二轮阅读理解归类复习—科普知识（详解）

A

Scientists at Royal Holloway，University of London and Queen Mary，University of

London have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between flowers even if

they discover the flowers in a different order.Bees are effectively solving the

“traveling salesman problem”，and they are the first creatures found to do this.

The traveling salesman must find the shortest route that allows him to visit

all locations on his route puters solve it by comparing the length of all

possible routes and choosing the shortest，and it can keep computers busy for

days.However，bees solve it without computer assistance using a brain the size of

grass seed.

Dr.Nigel Raine，from the School of Biological Sciences at Royal Holloway explains，“Bees

solve traveling salesman problems every day.They visit flowers at multiple locations and because

bees use lots of energy to fly，they find a route which keeps flying to a minimum.”

The team used the computer to control artificial flowers to test whether bees would follow a

route defined by the order in which they discovered the flowers or if they would find the shortest

route.After exploring the location of the flowers，bees quickly learned to fly the shortest route.

As well as improving our understanding of how bees move around the landscape pollinating

crops and wild flowers，this research，which is due to be published in The American Naturalist，has other applications.Our lifestyle relies on networks such as traffic on the roads，information

flow on the Web and business supply chains.By understanding how bees can solve their problems

with such a tiny brain，we can improve our management of these everyday networks without

needing lots of computer time.Dr.Raine adds，“Despite their tiny brains bees are capable of

extraordinary feats of behavior.We need to understand how they can solve the traveling salesman

problem without a computer.”

Note：

pollinate vt.授粉

【语篇解读】 英国的科学家发觉，蜜峰在花丛中飞行时，总是能够找到最近的路线，那个“销售员旅行难题”即使电脑也需要好几天才能解决。

1．What would be the best title of the passage?

A． Bees help salesmen travel

B．Troy-brained bees solve a complex mathematical problem

C．How bees discover the flowers

D．How to solve the “traveling salesman problem”

答案 B [主旨大意题。“销售员旅行难题”用运算机也得需要几天才能解决，而蜜峰毫不费劲地就能在花丛中找到最近的飞行路线，故B项作为文章的标题最贴切、生动。]

2．We may infer from the second paragraph that the “traveling salesman problem” ________.

A．can be solved by a computer easily

B．can't even be solved by a computer

C．can puzzle both people and computers

D．remains to be solved by scientists

答案 C [细节明白得题。依照第二段可知，销售员在动身之前必须找到合适的路线，那个“销售员旅行难题”即使电脑也需要好几天才能解决。]

3．The main purpose of the last paragraph is to ________.

A．provide further proof for the research

B．tell us how bees can fly the shortest route between flowers

C．tell us how the research about bees' flying route was conducted

D．explain the significance of the research

答案 D [推理判定题。最后一段说明了蜜峰飞行路线研究的意义和目的，是为了关心我们在实际生活中更好地节约时刻和精力。]

4．It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

A．all creatures are smarter than computers

B．the research about bees' flying route can be applied to many fields

C．our networks are more complex than bees' ones

D．with the help of the computer we can find out how bees can solve the “traveling salesman

problem” 答案 B [推理判定题。依照最后一段能够推断出对蜜峰飞行路线的研究能够应用到其他领域中。]

维A2 阅读明白得(每题2分，满分8分)

选材网站： cnielts /topic

B

If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed，it is found to vary only slightly from place to

place.Nevertheless，some of these small changes are important.There are three

basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity.One of these is the

subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of

liquid water to water vapor.In this manner the salinity is increased，since the

salts stay behind.If this is carried to the extreme，of course，white crystals of

salt would be left behind.

The opposite of evaporation is precipitation，such as rain，by which water is added to the

ocean.Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased.This may occur in areas of

high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean.Thus salinity may be increased

by the subtraction of water by evaporation，or decreased by the addition of fresh water by

precipitation or runoff.

Normally，in tropical regions where the sun is very strong，the ocean salinity is somewhat

higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation.Similarly，in

coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea，salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting