Tar reduction in pyrolysis vapours from biomass over a hot char bed

小学上册英语第三单元全练全测(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A rabbit's ears are very ______ (长).2.She loves to ______ (explore) new places.3.I like to ______ my grandparents during holidays. (visit)4.The Earth's surface is subject to various natural ______.5.The _____ (elephant) has big ears.6. A butterfly starts as a ______.7.Chemical bonds hold atoms ______ together.8. not have ______ (腿). Snakes s9.Chemical bonds are formed due to electrostatic forces between charged _____ (particles).10.My dad loves to watch ____ (documentaries).11.An ion is an atom that has lost or gained ______.12.What do we call the study of the universe beyond Earth?A. AstrologyB. AstronomyC. GeologyD. Meteorology答案:B13.What do we call the longest river in the world?A. AmazonB. NileC. MississippiD. Yangtze14.The capital of Jamaica is ________ (金斯顿).15.I take care of my _______ (植物).16.The signing of the Magna Carta happened in _____.17. A garden has many different types of _____ (植物).18.The substance that is dissolved in a solution is called a ______.19.My grandma bakes cookies every ______ (星期六). They smell very ______ (好).20.She is _____ (happy) to see you.21.What do we call a person who studies the anatomy of the human body?A. AnatomistB. BiologistC. PhysiologistD. Pathologist答案:A22.Which of these is a vegetable?A. OrangeB. BroccoliC. GrapeD. Mango答案:B23.The anaconda is a giant ______ (蛇).24.My teacher is very __________ (专注).25.What do we call the study of fungi?A. MycologyB. BotanyC. ZoologyD. Bacteriology答案:A26.What is the color of a typical goldfish?A. SilverB. BlueC. OrangeD. Yellow答案:C27.The ____ has a colorful shell and is often seen in the garden.28.Which device do you use to call someone?A. ComputerB. PhoneC. TelevisionD. Radio答案:B29.What do we call a baby goat?A. CalfB. KidC. LambD. Pup30.What is the term for a creature that can produce its own food?A. AutotrophB. HeterotrophC. ConsumerD. Decomposer答案:A31.The chemical structure of a compound can be represented by a ______ formula.32.I saw a _______ (小狐狸) peeking out from behind a bush.33.What is the name of the famous ancient city in Iraq?A. BabylonB. UrukC. NinevehD. All of the above34.What do we call the study of the Earth's physical features?A. GeographyB. GeologyC. CartographyD. Meteorology答案:A Geography35.The director, ______ (导演), makes movies.36. A solvent is the substance that dissolves a ______.37.What do you use to tell time?A. ClockB. CalendarC. PhoneD. Watch答案:A38.What do you call the longest river in the world?A. AmazonB. NileC. MississippiD. Yangtze39.What is the largest mammal in the ocean?A. SharkB. WhaleC. DolphinD. Seal答案:B40.The ice is ______ in the glass. (cold)41.hill) is a raised area of land, smaller than a mountain. The ____42.The dog digs a hole in the ______ (沙子).43.In a battery, chemical energy is converted into ________ energy.44.My friend has a new ________ (拼图). It has 100 pieces and is very ________ (挑战).45.What is the name of the structure that protects your foot?A. ShoeB. SockC. SandalD. Boot答案:A46.Water is made up of _____ and oxygen.47.What type of animal is a shark?A. MammalB. ReptileC. FishD. Amphibian答案:C48.The kitten loves to chase a ______.49.The chemical formula for phosphoric acid is _____.50.What do we call the study of the Earth's physical features?A. GeographyB. GeologyC. CartographyD. Meteorology51.The first successful composite transplant was performed in ________.52.I have a ________ (日记) to write in.53. A frog can leap from one place to another very ______ (远).54.What do we call a group of sheep?A. FlockB. HerdC. PackD. School55.I like to _______ puzzles on rainy days.56.My brother collects ____ (coins) from around the world.57.I can ______ (为) my family meals.58.What do you call a baby cat?A. PuppyB. KittenC. CubD. Foal59.The study of how landscapes evolve is crucial for ______ planning.60.What is the name of the main character in "The Little Mermaid"?A. ArielB. BelleC. CinderellaD. Elsa答案:A Ariel61.My mom is ______ (cooking) dinner.62.What is the process of water vapor turning into liquid called?A. EvaporationB. PrecipitationC. CondensationD. Sublimation答案:C63.The ________ (生态影响评估工具) assists in decision-making.64.What do you call a story made up in your imagination?A. RealityB. FictionC. FactD. History65.My sister, ______ (我妹妹), loves to play with dolls.66.What is the capital of Finland?A. HelsinkiB. OsloC. StockholmD. Reykjavik答案:A67. A ____(survey study) gathers data on community needs.68.How many wheels does a bicycle have?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4答案:B 269.The ______ is an organ that helps us see.70.What is the name of the famous artist known for his colorful paintings?A. Claude MonetB. Vincent van GoghC. Pablo PicassoD. All of the above71.What is the name of our planet?A. MarsB. VenusC. EarthD. Jupiter答案:C72.The rain makes the ground _______.73.What is the color of grass?A. BlueB. YellowC. GreenD. Red74.This is my favorite _______ (玩具).75.What do you call the sound a dog makes?A. MeowB. RoarC. BarkD. Tweet76.Which animal is known for its strong sense of smell?A. CatB. DogC. HamsterD. Goldfish答案:B77.What do you call a baby horse?A. CalfB. PuppyC. FoalD. Kitten答案:C78. A chemical change involves the formation of new _____.79.The chemical formula for ammonia is ________.80. A ________ (青蛙) jumps from lily pad to lily pad in the pond.81. A __________ is a geological feature that can affect local ecosystems and human activities.82.The capital of the Maldives is ________ (马累).83.What do you wear on your feet?A. HatB. ShoesC. GlovesD. Belt答案:B84.What is the term for a human's outer covering?A. SkinB. MuscleC. BoneD. Fat答案:A85.The dog is _______ (wagging) its tail.86.Many insects live on _____ (花).87.The ________ was a famous explorer who sailed around the world.88.The __________ (历史的推动力) shapes progress.89. A _____ (园艺工具) makes planting easier.90.We go to the ______ (电影院) on weekends.91. A lever helps us lift _______ easily.92.The kitten is ___. (cute)93.What is the name of the famous landmark in Paris?A. Big BenB. ColosseumC. Eiffel TowerD. Statue of Liberty94.The ____ has large eyes and can see well at night.95.The ____ is often seen in parks searching for food.96.The starfish lives in the _________. (海洋)97.The flamingo's color comes from its _________ (饮食).98.My grandma loves to knit ____ (blankets).99.What do we wear on our heads?A. ShoesB. GlovesC. HatD. Scarf答案:C100.The _____ (music/dance) is fun.。

专利名称：采用柚苷酶从淫羊藿苷获得淫羊藿苷元的方法专利类型：发明专利
发明人：许明淑,陆波,卢珊
申请号：CN201410274823.3
申请日：20140619
公开号：CN104561178A
公开日：
20150429
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：一种利用生物酶反应将淫羊藿苷转变为淫羊藿苷元以提高其生物活性的方法。

在柚苷酶的作用下，浓度为30％-70％的乙醇水溶液中进行反应。

所述反应温度为40-70℃，反应时间为1-30小时。

淫羊藿苷羟基上的糖基被切下来，转为具更高药理活性的淫羊藿苷元。

本发明还提高了淫羊藿苷的可加工性，同时可扩大其实际应用范围。

申请人：山东大学(威海)
地址：264209 山东省威海市高区文化西路180号山东大学(威海)海洋学院
国籍：CN
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天然药物化学专业英语词汇中药traditional Chinese drug生药crude drug草药medicinal herb民族药ethnic drug地产药材native drug道地药材famous-region drug中成药Chinese patent medicine海洋生药学marine pharmacognosy药用植物学medicinal botany植物化学phytochemistry植物化学分类学plant chemotaxonomy生药拉丁名Latin name of crude drug学名scientific name来源source混淆品adulterant类同品allied drug伪品counterfeit drug代用品substitute掺伪adulteration天然产物natural product化学成分chemical constituent有效成分effective constituent主成分main constituent活性成分active constituent莽草酸途径shikimic acid pathway乙酸一丙二酸途径acetate-malonate pathway乙酸- 甲瓦龙酸途径acetate-mevalonate pathway单糖monosaccharide戊糖pentose己精hexose庚糖heptose辛糖octose脱氧糖deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar呋喃糖furanose吡喃糖pyranose寡糖oligosaccharide二糖disaccharide三糖trisaccharide四糖tetrasaccharide五糖pentosacc haride多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch树胶gum果胶pectin半纤维素hemicellulose纤维素cellulose甲壳质chitin肝素heparin硫酸软骨素chondroitin sulfate玻璃酸hyaluronic acid直链淀粉amylose支链淀粉amylopectin糖原glycogen费林试验Fehling test苷glycoside糖杂体heteroside苷元aglycone苦杏仁酶emulsin氰苷cyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycoside 酚苷phenolic glycoside多酚polyphenol醛苷aldehyde glycoside醇苷alcoholic glycoside吲哚苷indole glycoside树脂醇苷resinol glycoside硫苷thioglycoside呫吨酮xanthone呫吨酮苷xanthonoid glycoside蒽醌anthraquinone蒽醌苷anthraquinone glycoside蒽酚anthranol氧化蒽酚oxanthranol蒽酮anthrone二蒽酮dianthrone羟基蒽醌hydroxyanthraquinone博恩特雷格反应Borntrager reaction 黄酮类flavonoid黄酮苷flavonoid glycoside黄酮flavone黄烷flavane黄酮醇flavonol黄烷酮flavanone黄烷酮醇flavanonol异黄酮isoflavone异黄烷酮isoflavanone新黄酮类neoflavonoid裂环烯醚萜苷secoiridoid glycoside 木脂体lignan木脂内酯lignanolide新木脂体neolignan木素lignin萜terpene萜类terpenoid半萜hemiterpene单萜monoterpene倍半萜sesquiterpene二萜diterpene三萜triterpene四萜tetraterpene多萜polyterpene齐墩果烷oleanane挥发油volatile oil精油essential oil鞣质tannin鞣酸tannic acid可水解鞣质hydrolysable tannin缩合鞣质condensed tannin鞣酐phlobaphene鞣花鞣质ellagitannin没食子鞣质gallotannin双缩脲反应biuret reaction脂肪fat脂肪油fatty oil去油de-fatting蜡wax环烯醚萜苷iridoid glycoside环烯醚萜iridoid裂环烯醚苷secoiridoid皂化saponification酸败rancidity饱和脂肪酸saturated fatty acid不饱和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid有机酸organic acid树脂resin油树脂oleoresin树胶树脂gum resin香树脂balsam香脂酸balsamic acid苷树脂glycosidal resin苦味素bitter principle色素pigment微量元素trace element生物碱alkaloid吖啶生物碱acridine alkaloid阿朴啡类生物碱aporphine alkaloid苄基异喹啉生物碱benzylisoquinoline alkaloid双苄基异喹啉生物碱bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid 双吲哚生物碱bisindole alkaloid咪唑生物碱imidazole alkaloid吲哚生物碱indole alkaloid吲哚联啶生物碱indolizidine alkaloid吲哚烷胺生物碱indolylalkylamine alkaloid异喹啉生物碱isoquinoline alkaloid大环生物碱macrocyclic alkaloid吗啡烷生物碱morphinane alkaloid羟吲哚生物碱oxindole alkaloid菲啶生物碱phenanthridine alkaloid苯烷胺生物碱phenylalkylamine alkaloid哌啶生物碱piperidine alkaloid嘌呤生物碱purine alkaloid吡啶生物碱pyridine alkaloid吡咯生物碱pyrrolidine alkaloid吡咯联啶生物碱pyrrolizidine alkaloid喹唑啉生物碱quinazoline alkaloid喹啉生物碱quinoline alkaloid喹啉联啶生物碱quinolizidine alkaloid甾体生物碱steroid alkaloid萜类生物碱terpenoid alkaloid四氢异喹啉生物碱tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid碘化汞钾试剂Mayer's reagent碘化铋钾试剂Dragendorff's reagent碘化钾碘试剂Wagner's reagent硅钨酸试剂Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent磷钼酸试剂Sonnenschein's reagent, phospho-molybdic acid reagent 苦味酸试剂Hager's reagent, picric acid reagent矾酸铵-浓硫酸试液Mandelin test solution钼酸铵-浓硫酸试液Frohde test solution甲醛-浓硫酸试液Marquis test solution莨菪烷tropane莨菪烷生物碱tropane alkaloid除虫菊素类pyrethroid-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替…胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上）-yne 炔（注：本资料素材和资料部分来自网络，仅供参考。

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-484X.2024.02.022白花蛇舌草提取物通过AMPK/ATG5信号通路对急性胰腺炎大鼠肺损伤的保护作用机制研究哈宗兰1马丽娜2马琼1甘桂芬1（1.青海大学附属医院重症医学科，西宁 810000；2.青海大学附属医院放射科，西宁 810000）中图分类号R576 文献标志码 A 文章编号1000-484X（2024）02-0348-07［摘要］目的：通过5'-单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）/自噬相关蛋白5（ATG5）信号通路，探讨白花蛇舌草提取物减轻急性胰腺炎（AP）大鼠肺损伤的机制。

方法：建立AP肺损伤大鼠模型，随机分为模型组、提取物（白花蛇舌草提取物）组、3-MA（自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤）组、AICAR（AMPK激活剂）组、提取物+AICAR组，每组15只，另取15只大鼠作为假手术组；ELISA检测血清淀粉酶（AMY）、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18水平；检测大鼠腹水量及肺湿/干重比（W/D）；HE观察胰腺及肺组织病理损伤；Western blot检测溶酶体相关膜蛋白2（LAMP2）、自噬底物p62、IL-1β前体蛋白（pro-IL-1β）、胰蛋白酶原活化肽（TAP）、AMPK、p-AMPK、ATG5、自噬标志物LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ、泛素特异性蛋白酶10（UPS10）表达。

结果：与假手术组相比，模型组大鼠腹水量、肺W/D、胰腺和肺组织病理损伤评分、血清AMY、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18水平、胰腺组织p62、TAP、pro-IL-1β表达、肺组织p-AMPK/AMPK、ATG5、LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ、UPS10、pro-IL-1β表达均升高（P<0.05），胰腺和肺组织LAMP2蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）；模型大鼠经白花蛇舌草提取物或自噬抑制剂3-MA干预后，上述指标均得到显著改善（P<0.05），且白花蛇舌草提取物的改善效果优于3-MA（P<0.05）；而AMPK激活剂AICAR可削弱白花蛇舌草提取物对AP大鼠肺损伤的改善作用（P<0.05）。

小学上册英语第2单元真题试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A __________ (科学家社区) supports networking and mentorship for young researchers.2.My uncle is my funny _______ who makes me laugh.3.The ____ hops around and loves to chase after things.4.The goldfish swims in circles in its _________ (鱼缸).5.The capital of Fiji is __________.6.What is the capital city of Italy?A. VeniceB. RomeC. FlorenceD. Naples7. A _____ (自然探索) can lead to discovering new plants.8.What is the name of our galaxy?A. AndromedaB. Milky WayC. WhirlpoolD. SombreroB9.Some plants have _______ that smell very nice.10.What do you call a young dog?A. CatB. PuppyC. KittenD. CubB11.What do you call the frozen form of water?A. VaporB. IceC. SteamD. Snow12.How many rings does Saturn have?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. More than 3013.The ________ was a significant battle in World War II.14.What is the longest river in the world?A. NileB. AmazonC. YangtzeD. MississippiA15. A black hole is a place in space where ______ cannot escape.16.The __________ (历史的脉络) provides context for events.17.What do we call the time when we celebrate Christmas?A. SummerB. SpringC. WinterD. Autumn18.The state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is ______.19.The chemical formula for cobalt(II) nitrate is _____.20.She is wearing a ________ dress.21.How many hearts does an octopus have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. FourC22.My dad loves to go __________. (钓鱼)23.The ______ (植物的生长周期) can vary greatly.24.The first person to fly solo across the Atlantic was _______ Lindbergh.25.What is the name of the famous bridge in London?A. Brooklyn BridgeB. Tower BridgeC. Golden Gate BridgeD. London BridgeB26.I like to share my toy ________ (玩具名称) with my neighbors.27.I want to ___ an astronaut. (become)28.My sister is a great __________ (听众) when I need to talk.29.She is known for her ________.30.The _______ of sound can create echoes in certain locations.31.The ______ is the largest bird that cannot fly.32. A buffer solution helps maintain a stable _____ level.33. A ____(railway system) facilitates efficient transport.34.I have a pet __________ named __________. He/She is very __________.35.What do you call the person who teaches students?A. DoctorB. TeacherC. ChefD. Engineer36.I find ________ (人工智能) fascinating.37.What is the name of the famous mouse created by Walt Disney?A. Mickey MouseB. Donald DuckC. GoofyD. Pluto38.He is a musician, ______ (他是一位音乐家), writing his own songs.39.We celebrate my brother’s __________ every year. (生日)40.The fastest land animal is the ______.41.My mom tends to her _____ every morning.42. A __________ is a place where many people gather.43.The chemical formula for carbon monoxide is _____.44.The bird sings ______. (鸟儿_______唱。

血清残余胆固醇水平对冠心病的影响及临床意义陈翠1，2，杨莉婷3，唐陶1，2，徐浩2，刘茂41.川北医学院附属医院遗传与产前诊断中心，四川南充637000；2.川北医学院检验医学院，四川南充637000；3.南充市中心医院检验科，四川南充637000；4.川北医学院附属医院心血管内科，四川南充637000【摘要】目的探讨血清残余胆固醇(RC)水平对冠心病的影响及其临床意义。

方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2020年6月因胸闷胸痛于川北医学院附属医院心内科住院行冠脉造影检查的230例患者的临床资料，根据冠脉造影结果分为冠心病组190例和非冠心病组40例(CON 组)，根据临床诊断标准又将冠心病患者分为稳定性心绞痛组(SAP 组)70例和急性冠脉综合征组(ACS 组)120例。

比较三组患者的一般资料和RC 水平，采用Spearman 秩相关分析RC 水平与Gensini 评分的相关性，采用多因素Logistic 回归分析影响冠心病发生的风险因素，绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析RC 对冠心病发生的预测价值。

结果ACS 组、SAP 组和CON 组患者的性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压史、LP(a)比较差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)，但ACS 组和SAP 组患者的总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A (ApoA)、载脂蛋白B (ApoB)水平明显高于CON 组，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平明显低于CON 组，且ACS 组患者的TC 、LDL-C 、ApoB 水平明显高于SAP 组，差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)；ACS 组和SAP 组患者的RC 水平分别为(0.98±0.37)mmol/L 、(0.86±0.23)mmol/L ，明显高于CON 组的(0.68±0.16)mmol/L ，且ACS 组的RC 水平明显高于SAP 组，差异均具有统计学意义(P <0.05)；经Spearman 秩相关分析结果显示，RC 水平与Gensini 评分呈正相关(P <0.05)；经多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示，年龄、吸烟、RC 、LDL-C 、ApoA 为冠心病的独立危险因素(P <0.05)；经ROC 分析结果显示，血清RC 预测冠心病发生的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.755，灵敏性和特异性分别为53.20%和87.50%。

小学上册英语自测题(含答案)考试时间：100分钟（总分:140）A卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. lithosphere) is the rigid outer layer of the Earth. 填空题：The ____2. 听力题：She likes to eat ___ (apples/rocks).3. 选择题：Which of these is a vegetable?A. AppleB. CarrotC. BananaD. Grape答案: B4. 填空题：The __________ (社会责任感) drives positive change.5. 填空题：The ________ likes to hop around in circles.6. 选择题：What do you call a baby chicken?A. CalfB. ChickC. DucklingD. Kit答案:B7. 填空题：The __________ (气候) affects plant growth.8. 选择题：What do we call a young female cow?A. CalfB. HeiferC. KidD. Lamb答案：B9. 填空题：The __________ (历史的重塑) transforms perspectives.10. 选择题：What do we call the main character in a story?A. AntagonistB. ProtagonistC. HeroD. Villain答案: B11. 填空题：________ is considered the father of modern physics.12. 选择题：What do you call a book that tells you how to do something?A. NovelB. ManualC. FictionD. Biography答案:B13. 选择题：What is the freezing point of water?A. 0 degrees CelsiusB. 100 degrees CelsiusC. 50 degrees CelsiusD. 10 degrees Celsius答案:A14. 填空题：The __________ (古代中国的丝绸之路) connected East and West.15. 选择题：What is the main ingredient in a Caesar salad?A. SpinachB. Romaine lettuceC. KaleD. Arugula答案: BWhat is the name of the famous American holiday celebrated on the first Monday in September?A. Labor DayB. ThanksgivingC. Independence DayD. Memorial Day答案：A17. 选择题：What do bees produce?A. MilkB. HoneyC. EggsD. Silk答案: B18. 选择题：What is 5 x 2?A. 7B. 8C. 10D. 1219. 选择题：What is 7 × 8?A. 54B. 56C. 58D. 60答案:B20. 填空题：The _______ (Battle of Gettysburg) was a turning point in the American Civil War.21. 选择题：What instrument is used to measure temperature?A. BarometerB. ThermometerC. HygrometerD. Anemometer答案:B22. 听力题：__________ are used in batteries to store chemical energy.What is the name of the animal that hops and carries its baby in a pouch?A. KangarooB. ElephantC. GiraffeD. Zebra答案:A24. 填空题：I have a ________ (遥控车) that I race with my friends.25. 听力题：When you push an object, you apply ______.26. 选择题：What do you call a baby goose?A. GoslingB. DucklingC. ChickD. Calf答案: A27. 选择题：What do we call the process of moving from one place to another?A. MigrationB. JourneyC. TravelD. Voyage答案: A. Migration28. 填空题：I can ______ (跑) fast.29. 填空题：Recognizing different plant ______ can enhance your gardening skills. (识别不同植物的特征可以提升你的园艺技能。

植物生理学专业英语的中英文对照（按汉字笔画排序）一画乙醛酸体glyoxysome乙醛酸循环glyoxylate cycle，GAC乙醇酸glycolate，glycolic acid乙醇酸氧化酶glycolate oxidase乙醇酸氧化途径glycolic acid oxidation pathway乙醇脱氢酶alcohol dehydrogenase乙烯ethylene乙烯利ethrel二画二型性别dimorphism二苯脲diphenylurea二酰甘油diacylglycerol，DG，DAG二硝基酚dinitrophenol，DNP 11,3-二磷酸甘油酸1,3-bisphosphoglycerate二氧化碳猝发CO2 outburst二氧化碳饱和点CO2 saturation point二氧化碳补偿点CO2 compensation point二氨丙烷diaminopropane2，4-二氯苯氧乙酸2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,2,4-D二氢玉米素dihydrozeatin二氢吡咯pyrroline二氢红花菜豆酸dihydrophaseic acid二羟丙酮磷酸dihydroxyacetone phosphate，DHAP人工种子artificial seeds儿茶酚氧化酶catechol oxidase三画三十烷醇1-triacontanol三碘苯甲酸2，3，5-triiodobenzoic acid，TIBA三氯苯氧乙酸trichlorophenoxyacetic acid三重反应triple response 293三羧酸循环tricarboxylic acid cycle，TCAC干旱drought干旱胁迫drought stress土壤—植物—大气连续体soil-plant-atmosphere continuum,SPAC 下调作用down regulation大纤丝macrofibril大量元素major element，微量元素macroelement小孔扩散律small pore diffusion law尸胺cadaverine 299己糖磷酸途径hexose monophosphate pathway，HMP己糖激酶hexokinase马来酰肼maleic hydrazide,MH四画开放体系open system天然单性结实natural parthenocarpy天冬氨酸aspartate,Asp天冬氨酸转氨酶aspartate amino transferase天线色素antenna pigment无土栽培soilless culture无融合生殖apomixis无辐射退激radiationless deexcitation无氧呼吸anaerobic respiration 1无氧呼吸消失点anaerobic respiration extinction point 无籽果实seedless fruit无限生长indeterminate growth无孢子生殖apospory无丝分裂amitosis木酮糖5 磷酸xylulose-5-phosphate木质素lignin支链淀粉amylopectin区域化compartmentation瓦伯格效应Warburg effect日中性植物day neutral plant中日照植物intermediate day length plant中央液泡central vacuoleＣ3－Ｃ4 中间植物Ｃ3－Ｃ4 intermediate plant中间丝intermediate filament中层middle lamella水培hydroponics水培法water culture method水势water potential水杨基氧肟酸salicylhydroxamate，SHAM水杨酸salicylic acid,SA水生植物hydrophytes水氧化钟water oxidizing clock水合补偿点hydration compensation point水分亏缺water deficit水分平衡water balance水分临界期critical period of water水分代谢water bolism水溶清蛋白albumin水通道蛋白water channel protein水孔蛋白aquaporins内吞endocytosis内聚力cohesion内聚力学说cohesion theory内在蛋白intrinsic protein内酯酶lactonase内转换internal conversion内向K +通道inward K + channel ，内质网endoplasmic reticulum,ER内膜endomembrane内能internal energy贝壳杉烯kaurene气培法aeroponics气相色谱gas chromatography气腔网络air space netwotk气穴现象cavitation气孔开度stomatal aperture气孔运动stomatal movement气孔蒸腾stomatal transpiration气孔下腔substomatal cavities气孔频度stomatal frequency毛管水capillary water毛细作用capillarity长日植物long day plant长短日植物long short day plant片层lamellae化学势chemical potential化学信号chemical signal化学渗透学说chemiosmotic theory反向传递antiport反馈抑制feedback inhibition反馈调节feedback regulation反应中心reaction center ，反应中心色素分子reaction center pigment介电常数dielectric constant分支酶branching enzyme分化differentiation分泌囊泡secretory vesicles比热容specific heat比集运转速率specific mass transfer rate，SMTR比久B9,二甲胺基琥珀酰胺酸dimethyl aminosuccinamic acid 巴斯德效应Pasteur effect双“S”形生长曲线double sigmoid growth curve双光系统two photosystem双向运输bidirectional transport双受精double fertilization五画末端氧化酶terminal oxidase玉米素zeatin，ZT玉米素核苷zeatin riboside玉米素顺反异构酶zeatin cistrans isomerase玉米赤霉烯酮zearaienone正常性种子orthodox seed正化学信号positive chemical signal正向重性positive gravitropism正效应物positive effector去春化作用devernalization去极化depolarization去镁叶绿素pheophytin，Pheo甘氨酸甜菜碱glycine betaine甘油三酯triacylglycerols,TAG甘油3 磷酸glycerol-3-phosphate甘油3 磷酸脱氢酶glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase甘油醛3 磷酸glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate，GAP甘油醛3 磷酸脱氢酶ghyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 甘油酸激酶glycerate kinase可溶性氧化酶soluble oxidase可溶性淀粉合成酶soluble starch synthase丙酮酸pyruvate丙酮酸磷酸二激酶pyruvate phosphate dikinase PPPk丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体pyruvic acid dehydrogenase complex丙酮酸脱羧酶pyruvic acid decarboxylase丙酮酸激酶pyruvate kinase丙氨酸甜菜碱alaninebetaine丙糖磷酸异构酶triose phosphate isomerase戊糖磷酸途径pentose phosphate pathway，PPP平衡压力balance pressure平衡石statolith平衡溶液balance solution平衡细胞statocyles灭光信号light off signal卡尔文循环Calvin cycle叶黄素xanthophyll叶面营养foliar nutrition叶面积系数leaf area index，LAI叶肉细胞mesophyll cell叶绿素chlorophyll,Chl叶绿体chloroplast叶绿体被膜chloroplast envelope5′-甲硫基核苷5′-methylthioribose甲硫氨酸methionine甲瓦龙酸甲羟戊酸mevalonic acid电中性electroneutrality电化学势electrochemical potential电负性electronegative田间持水量field capacity四氢吡喃苄基腺嘌呤tetrahydropyranyl benzyladenine 生理碱性盐physiologically alkaline salt生理酸性盐physiologically acid salt生理中性盐physiologically neutral salt生理钟physiological clock生理休眠physiological dormancy生殖生长reproductive growth生殖细胞无孢子生殖generatine apospory生物大分子biomacromolecule生物固氮biological nitrogen fixation生物钟biological clock生物氧化biological oxidation生物分子biomolecule生物膜biomembrane生长growth生长素auxin生长素梯度学说auxin gradient theory生长素赖氨酸合成酶IAA lysinesynthetase生长素结合蛋白auxin binding protein生长抑制剂growth inhibitor生长大周期grand period of growth生长呼吸growth respiration生长延缓剂growth retardant生长的周期性growth periodicity生长效率growth efficiency生长发育growth and development生命周期life cycle生色团chromophore代谢bolism代谢库bolic sink代谢源bolic source外排exocytosis外植体explant外在蛋白extrinsic protein外连丝ectodesmata外向K＋通道outward K + channel外膜outer membrane饥饿基因famine gene主动转运active transport主动吸水active absorption of water主动吸收active absorption主宰酶master enzyme主导库dominant sink半醌semiquinone半支莲醛potulai半透膜semipermeable membrane半自主性细胞器semiautonomous organelle半月苔酸lunlaric acid半纤维素hemicellulose它感化合物allelochemical必需元素essential element永久萎蔫permanent wilting永久萎蔫系数permanent wilting coefficient皮孔蒸腾lenticular transpiration发酵fermentation发育development对氯汞苯磺酸parachloro-mercuribenzene sulfonate幼年期juvenile phase丝状亚基fibrous subunits丝氨酸serine丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶serine glyoxylate aminotransferase 六画动作电位action potential，AP动力蛋白dynamin老化aging共振传递resonance transfer共价键covalent bond共向传递体symport共质体symplast共质体运输symplastic transport共质体装载symplastic phloem loading共质体途径symplast pathway亚硝酸还原酶nitrite reductase，NiR亚胺环已酮cycloheximide亚麻酸linolenic acid亚精胺spermidine亚油酸linoleic acid过氧化氢酶catalase，CA T过氧化物酶peroxidase，POD过氧化物体peroxisome过敏反应hypersensitive reaction再春化现象revernalization再生阶段regeneration phase再分配redistribution再分化redifferentiation扩散作用diffusion ，协助扩散facilitated diffusion西罗血红素sirohaem压力探针pressure probe压力势pressure potential压力流学说pressure flow hypothesis压力室法pressure chamber有氧呼吸aerobic respiration有益元素beneficial elements有限生长determinate growth有丝分裂reduction mitosis灰分ash灰分元素ash element死亡激素death hormone成花素florigen成花决定态floral determinated state成花启动floral evocation成花诱导floral induction成膜体phragmoplast成熟maturation光形态建成photomorphogenesis光呼吸photorespiration光呼吸碳氧化循环photorespiration carbon oxidation cycle 光敏色素phytochrome，PHY光保护作用photoprotection光化学烟雾photochemical smog光反应light reaction光合速率photosynthetic rate光合有效辐射photosynthetically active radiation，PAR光合碳还原循环photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle光合磷酸化photophosphorylation光合链photosynthetic chain光合午睡现象midday depression of photosynthesis光合作用photosynthesis光合作用的光抑制photoinhibition of photo synthesis光合膜photosynthetic membrane光合产物photosynthetic yield光合单位photosynthetic unit光合滞后期lag phase of photosynthesis光合细菌photosynthetic bacteria光受体photoreceptor光周期photoperiod光周期现象photoperiodism光周期诱导photoperiodic induction光饱和点light saturation point光系统Ⅰphotosystem Ⅰ，PSⅠ光系统Ⅱphotosystem Ⅱ，PSⅡ光亲和标记photoaffinity labling光滑性内质网smooth endoplasmic reticulum光补偿点light compensation point光调节因子light regulated element光能利用率efficiency for solar energy utilization 早熟发芽precocious germination早前期带preprophase band，PPB ，吐水guttation同型二聚体homodimer同化物assimilate同化物运输assimilate transportation同化作用assimilation同化力assimilatory power同源异型基因homeotic gene同源异型突变homeotic mutation吸胀吸水imbibing absorption of water吸胀作用imbibition ，吸收光谱absorption spectrum吸附作用absorption回补机制replenishing mechanism传递体transporter休眠dormancy休眠素dormin伤呼吸wound respiration伤流bleeding伤流液bleeding sap自动催化作用autocatalysis自花授粉self pollination自由基free radical自由水free water自由空间free space自由能free energy自交不亲和性self incompatibility自交不育self infertility自养性autotropism自溶作用autolysis向光性phototropism向重性gravitropism向化性chemotropism向触性thigmotropism向性运动tropic movement后熟作用after ripening近似昼夜节奏circadian rhythm杀粉蝶菌素A piericidin A合子zygote肌动蛋白actin肌醇三磷酸inositol-1,4,5-triphophate，IP3肌醇磷脂lipositol负化学信号negative chemical signal负向重性negative gravitropism负效应物negative effector多元酚氧化酶polyphenol oxidase多聚核糖体polyribosome多聚化截留机理polymerization trap mechanism 多聚半乳糖醛酸酶polygalacturonase多克隆抗体polyclonal antibody多胺ployamines,PA色素pigment色素蛋白复合体pigment protein complex色氨酸tryptophan色氨酸单加氧酶thyphophan monooxygenase色胺tryptamine交替氧化酶alternative oxidase交替途径alternative pathway交叉适应现象cross adaptation交叉忍耐cross tolerances次生壁secondary wall次级共运转secondary cotransport次级电子供体secondary electron donor次级电子受体secondary electron acceptor次级库subordinate sinks异花授粉allogamy异构酶isomerase异柠檬酸裂解酶isocitratelyase异柠檬酸脱氢酶isocitric acid dehydrogenase异戊烯基腺苷isopentenyl adenosine,iPA异戊烯基腺嘌呤isopentenyladenine,ip异戊烯转移酶isopentenyl transferase异戊烯焦磷酸isopentenyl pyrophosphate异化作用disassimilation阳生植物sun plant阴生植物shade plant红花菜豆酸phaseic acid红光red light红降red drop纤维素cellulose纤维素酶cellulase七画麦芽糖酶maltase形态发生morphogenesis远红光far red light运动反应motor response运转器translocator韧皮部装载phloem loading韧皮部卸出phloem unloading韧皮蛋白P 蛋白phloem protein坏死性死亡necrosis death赤藓糖4 磷酸erythrose-4-phosphate 赤霉素gibberellin，GA赤霉烷gibberellane抑制剂depressant抗坏血酸氧化酶ascorbate oxidase抗盐性salt resistance抗热性heat resistance抗蒸腾剂antitranspirant抗旱性drought resistance抗虫性pest resistance抗氰呼吸cyanide resistant respiration 抗氰氧化酶cyanide resistant oxidase 抗冻性freezing resistance抗冷性chilling resistance抗病性disease resistance抗性resistance,hardiness抗涝性flood resistance抗张强度tensile strength壳梭孢菌素fusicoccin，FC拟核体nucleoid拟脂体lipid body芽休眠bud dormancy花芽分化flower bud differentiation 花的发端initiation of flower花熟状态ripeness to flower state花粉pollen花粉粒pollen grain6-苄基腺嘌呤6-benzyl adenine，BA 克隆clone极性polarity极性运输polar transport极性分子polar molecule束缚型赤霉素conjugated gibberellin束缚型生长素bound auxin束缚水bound water两极光周期植物amphophotoperiodism plant还原阶段reduction phase旱害drought injury旱生植物xerophytes吲哚丁酸indole-3-butyric acid，IBA吲哚丙酮酸indole pyruvic acid吲哚丙酸indole propionic acid吲哚乙醛indole acetaldehyde吲哚乙酰天冬氨酸indole acetyl aspartic acid吲哚乙酰葡萄糖indole acetyl glucose吲哚乙酰肌醇indole acetyl inositol吲哚乙酸indole-3-acetic acid，IAA吲哚乙酸氧化酶IAA oxidase吲哚乙腈indole acetonitrile别藻蓝蛋白allophycocyanin延胡索酸酶fumarase体细胞无孢子生殖somatic apospory体细胞胚somatic embryo伸展蛋白extensin低温诱导蛋白low temperature induced protein希尔氧化剂Hill oxidant希尔反应Hill reaction谷氨酰胺合成酶glutamine synthetase，GS谷氨酸合酶glutamate synthase,GOGAT谷氨酸脱氢酶glutamate dehydrogenase，GDH谷氨酸乙醛酸转氨酶glutamate glyoxylate aminotransferase 谷胱甘肽glutathione谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutathione peroxidase，GPX谷胱甘肽还原酶glutathione reductase，GR邻香豆酸ocoumaric acid邻近细胞neighbouring cell免疫immune角质蒸腾cuticular transpiration系统获得性抗性systemic acquired resistance系统肽systemin冻害freezing injury库sink库强sink strength应变素allergens冷击蛋白cold shock protein冷响应蛋白cold responsive protein冷害chilling injury间质stroma泛醌ubiquinone,UQ泛醌氧化还原酶ubiquinone oxidoreductase完熟ripening初生壁primary wall初级共运转primary cotransport识别recognition层积处理stratification张力tension阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白arabinogalactan protein阿斯匹林aspirin驱动蛋白kinesin纺锤体spindle八画环式光合磷酸化cyclic photophosphorylation环式电子传递cyclic electron transport环境污染environmental pollution环腺苷酸cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP 环脂肪酸cyclic fatty acid环割试验girdling experiment表面张力surface tension ，表异构酶epimerase表观光合速率apparent photosynthetic rate表观库强apparent sink strength顶端优势apical dominance茉莉酸jasmonic acid，JA茉莉酸甲酯methyl jasmonate，MeJA茉莉酸类jasmonates苯丙氨酸phenylalanine苯丙氨酸解氨酶phenylalanine ammonia lyase苯乙酸phenylactic acid苹果酸malate,Mal苹果酸酶malic enzyme苹果酸代谢学说malate bolism theory苹果酸合成酶malate synthetase苹果酸脱氢酶malic acid dehydrogenase ，直链淀粉amylose板块镶嵌模型plate mosaic model刺激感受stimulus perception刺激性单性结实stimulative parthenocarpy矿质元素mineral element矿质营养mineral nutrition转运肽transit peptide转基因植物transgenic plant转醛醇酶transaldolase转酮酶transketolase转移细胞transfer cell,TC转化酶invertase ，转录因子tranion factors非环式光合磷酸化non cyclic photophosphorylation非环式电子传递noncyclic electron transport非堆叠区nonappressed region果胶pectin果胶物质pectic substances果胶酶pectinase果胶酸pectic acid果糖1，6 二磷酸fructose-1,6-bisphosphate,FBP果糖1，6 二磷酸酯酶fructose-1,6-bispho sphate phosphatase 果糖-6-磷酸fructose-6-phosphate,F6P果糖激酶fructokinase固氮酶nitrogenase固定化细胞immobilized cells呼吸速率respiratory rate呼吸电子传递链respiratory electron transport chain呼吸跃变respiratory climacteric呼吸链respiratory chain呼吸作用respiration呼吸系数respiratory coefficient呼吸底物respiratory substrate吸呼效率respiratory ratio呼吸商respiratory quotient，RQ岩棉栽培rockwool culture罗汉松内酯podolactone物理信号physical signal物候期phenological period质蓝素plastocyanin，PC质体plastid质体醌plastoquinone，PQ ，质体小球plastoglobulus质壁分离plasmolysis ，质壁分离复原deplasmolysis质子动力proton motive force，pmf质子泵proton pump质外体apoplast质外体运输apoplastic transport质外体装载apoplasmic phloem loading质外体途径apoplast pathway受体receptor ，，受精作用fertilization乳酸脱氢酶lactic acid dehydrogenase乳酸发酵lactate fermentation胁迫stress胁迫激素stress hormone胁变strain周期性growth periodicity鱼藤酮rotenone饱和蒸气压saturation vapor pressure夜间断night break底物水平磷酸化substrate level phosphorylation 放热呼吸thermogenic respiration放氧复合体oxygen evolving complex ，放射免疫检测法radioimmunoassay放线菌素actinomycin D净光合速率net photosynthetic rate净同化率net assimilation rate,NAR ，育性转化fertility change性别表达sex expression单“S”形生长曲线single sigmoid growth curve 单盐毒害toxiciy of single salt单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody单酚氧化酶monophenol oxidase单倍体无配子生殖haploid apogamr单倍体孤雄生殖haploid androgenesis单倍体孤雌生殖haploid parthenogenesis单向传递体uniport单性结实parthenocarpy法呢基焦磷酸farnesyl pyrophosphate ，油菜素brassin油菜素内酯brassinolide，BR油菜素甾体类化合物brassinosteroids油酸oleic acid油体oil body油体蛋白oleosins泥炭培养peat culture空种皮技术empty seed coat technique衬质matrix衬质势matrix potential衬质水势matrix water potential降解breakdown线性期linear phase线粒体mitochondria ，细菌叶绿素bacteriochlorophyll细胞克隆cell clone细胞板cell plate细胞松弛素B cytochalasin B细胞融合cell fusion细胞浆cytosol细胞器cell organelle细胞骨架cytoskeleton细胞繁殖cell reproduction细胞质环流cyclosis细胞质基质cytoplasmic matrix细胞质膜plasma membrane细胞全能性totipotency细胞分裂素cytokinin，CTK细胞分裂素氧化酶cytokinin oxidase细胞分化cell differentiation细胞膜cell membrane细胞周期cell cycle细胞色素cytochrome，Cyt细胞色素氧化酶cytochrome oxidase细胞衰老cellular aging细胞液cell sap细胞学说cell theory细胞壁cell wall孤立体系isolated system孢粉素pollenin孢子体型不亲和sporophyric self incompatibility,SSI 九画春化素vernalin春化作用vernalization封闭体系closed system指数期logarithmic phase草酰乙酸oxaloacetic acid，OAA荧光fluorescence荧光猝灭剂fluorescence quencher ，胡萝卜素carotene枯斑necrotic spot相互竞争allelospoly相生相克它感作用allelopathy相关性correlation相对生长速率relative growth rate，RGR相对自由空间relative free space,RFS柠檬酸循环citric acid cycle柠檬酸合成酶citrate synthase砂培sand culture砂基培养法sand culture method砂砾栽培gravel culture临界日长critical daylength临界暗期critical dark period钙调蛋白钙调素calmodulin,CaM ，氢醌hydroquinone氢化酶hydrogenase选择吸收selective absorption种子劣变seed deterioration种子生活力seed viability种子休眠seed dormancy种子的寿命seed longevity种子活力seed vigor秋水仙素colchicine ，重力势gravitational potential重力水gravitational water复种指数multiple crop index复合脂类complex lipids顺乌头酸酶aconitase保卫细胞guard cell信号转导signal transduction ，信息传递message transportation胚芽鞘coleoptile胚柄suspensor胚状体embryoid胚胎萌发viviparous germination，vivipary胚胎晚期丰富蛋白late embryogenesis abundant protein,LEA 胚胎发生embryogenesis胞间连丝plasmodesma胞间层intercellular layer亲和性compatibility亲和力affinity类胡萝卜素carotenoid类胡萝卜素途径carotenoid pathway类囊体thylakoid前质体proplastid ，前馈活化feedforward activation逆境environmental stress逆境逃避stress avoidance逆境乙烯stress ethylene逆境蛋白stress protein逆境忍耐stress tolerance总光合速率gross photosynthetic rate活化酶activase活性氧active oxygen ，染色体chromosome染色质chromatin染色单体chromatid穿梭运动shuttle streaming诱导酶induced enzyme ，诱导性单性结实induced parthenocarpy昼夜节律circadian rhythm昼夜周期性daily periodicity结构酶constitutive enzyme结合态淀粉合成酶granule bound starch synthase结合蛋白binding protein绝对生长速率absolute growth rate，AGR十画顽拗性种子recalcitrant seed载体carrier载色体chromatophore盐碱土saline and alkaline soil盐逆境蛋白salt stress protein盐溶清蛋白globulin盐害salt injury热电偶thermocouple热休克蛋白热激蛋白heat shock proteins,HSPs热害heat injury热力学thermodynamics莽草酸shikimic acid真核生物eukaryote真核细胞eukaryotic cell真光合速率true photosynthetic rate核基质nuclear matrix核酮糖1，5 二磷酸ribulose BF-1,5-bisphosphate, BFQ RuBP核酮糖1，5 二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶BFQ ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxyla se/oxygenase，Rubisco核酮糖-5-磷酸ribulose-5-phosphate,Ru5P核酮糖-5-磷酸表异构酶ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase核酮糖-5-磷酸激酶ribulose-5-phosphate kinase,Ru5PK核小体nucleosome核仁nucleolus核质nucleoplasm核膜nuclear membrane核糖=5-磷酸ribose-5-phosphate,R5P核糖-5-磷酸异构酶ribose-5-phosphate isomerase核糖体ribosome核液karyolymph核孔nuclear pore根压root pressure根冠比root top ratio,R/T砾培gravel culture原核生物prokaryote原核细胞prokaryotic cell原果胶protopectin原生质protoplasm原生质体protoplast原初电子供体primary electron donor原初电子受体primary electron acceptor 1原初反应primary reaction原初主动运转primary active transport原发优势primigenic dominance配子体型不亲和gametophytic self incompatibility,GSI致电泵electrogenic pump圆球体spherosome铁硫黄素蛋白iron sulfur flavoprotein铁硫蛋白iron sulfur protein铁氧还蛋白ferredoxin,Fd铁氧还蛋白-NADP+还原酶ferredoxin-NADP+reductase，FNR 氧化磷酸化oxidative phosphorylation氧自由基oxygen free radical氧饱和点oxygen saturation point1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid,ACC 氨基酮戊酸aminolevulinic acid氨基氧乙酸aminooxyacetic acid,AOA氨基乙氧基乙烯基甘氨酸aminoethoxyvinyl glycine,A VG缺绿症chlorosis敌草隆Diuron,DCMU爱默生增益效应Emerson enhancement effect脂氧合酶lipoxygenase ,脂肪酸fatty acid胶体colloid胼胝质callose衰老senescence衰老相关基因senescence associated gene衰老特定基因senescence specific gene衰减期senescence phase高尔基体Golgi body高效液相层析high performance liquid chromatography 高温胁迫high temperature stress病原菌disease producing germ病原相关蛋白pathogenesis related proteins,PRs ，病原物causal organism病害disease离区abscission zone离层abscission layer离子载体抑制剂ionophore depressant离子颉颃ion antagonism离子交换ion exchange离子通道ion channel凋亡apoptosis凋亡小体apoptotic body涝害flood injury酒精发酵alcohol fermentation流动镶嵌模型fluid mosaic model被动运输passive transport被动吸水passive absorption of water被动吸收passive absorption能荷energy charge能量梯度energy gradient通道channel继代培养subculture十一画堆叠区appressed region授粉pollination培养基medium接触态建成thigmomorphogenesis接触交换contact exchange基态ground state基因组genomes基质matrix基质片层stroma lamella基质类囊体stroma thylakoid基粒granum基粒片层grana lamella基粒类囊体grana thylakoid基细胞basal cell黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin adenine dinucleotide,FAD 黄素单核苷酸flavin mononucleotide,FMN黄化现象etiolation黄质醛xanthoxin ,萘基邻氨甲酰苯甲酸naphthyphthalamic acid萘氧乙酸naphthoxyacetic acid萘乙酸naphthalene acetic acid,NAA ,萌发germination萝卜酰胺raphanusamide萝卜宁raphanusanin萎蔫wilting菊芋素heliangint营养转移nutrient diversion营养生长vegetative growth营养膜技术nutrient film technique,NFT梅勒反应Mehler's reaction副卫细胞subsidiary cell酚氧化酶phenol oxidase辅酶A coenzyme A,CoA辅助色素accessory photosynthetic pigments悬浮培养suspension culture甜菜碱betaines第二信使second messenger敏感性sensitivity偶联因子coupling factor偶联部位coupled site偏向受精preferential fertilization假环式光合磷酸化pseudocyclic photopho sphorylation 假环式电子传递pseudocyclic electron transport脯氨酸proline,Pro ，脯氨酸甜菜碱prolinebetaine脱落abscission脱落素abscisin脱落酸abscisic acid,ABA脱支酶debranching enzyme脱分化dedifferentiation脱羧作用decarboxylation阈时presentation time羟基丙酮酸还原酶hydroxypyruvate reductase羟脯氨酸hydroxyproline，Hyp粘性plasticity粘附力adhesionJP 粗糙型内质网rough endoplasmic reticulum,RER JP烯醇化酶enolase液晶态liquid crystalline state液泡膜tonoplast淀粉酶amylase淀粉磷酸化酶starch phosphorylase淀粉体amyloplast ，淀粉合成酶starch synthase淀粉粒starch grain渗透势osmotic potential渗透吸水osmotic absorption of water渗透作用osmosis渗透胁迫osmotic stress渗透调节osmotic adjustment寄主host寄主特异毒素host specific toxin密度density弹性胁变elastic strain蛋白磷酸酯酶protein phosphatase蛋白激酶protein kinase ，隐花植物cryptogamia隐花色素cryptochrome ，维持呼吸maintenance respiration维管束鞘细胞bundle sheath cell，BSC绿色荧光蛋白green fluorescent protein绿色硫细菌green sulfur bacteria十二画琥珀酸硫激酶succinic thiodinase琥珀酸脱氢酶succinic dehydrogenase琥珀酸:泛醌氧化还原酶succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase 超氧化物歧化酶superoxide dismutase,SOD颉颃作用antagonism插入蛋白integral protein葡聚糖ployglucosan葡萄糖-6-磷酸glucose-6-phosphate,G6P葡萄糖6 磷酸脱氢酶glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase植醇phytol植物生长物质plant growth substance植物生长调节剂plant growth regulator植物激素plant hormone植物组织培养plant tissue culture植保素phytoalexin硝酸还原酶nitrate reductase，NR硫氧还蛋白thioredoxin硫胺素焦磷酸thiamine pyrophosphate硫脂sulpholipid硫辛酸lipoic acid雄性素androecious line雄性生殖单位male gerem unit，MGU暂时萎蔫temporary wilting紫黄质violaxanthin紫外线诱导蛋白UV induced protein紫色硫细菌purple sulfur bacteria紫色非硫细菌purple nonsulfur bacteria量子需要量quantum requirememt量子效率quantum efficiency量子产额quantum yield喷灌spray irrigation景天科酸代谢crassulacean acid bolism,CAM景天庚酮糖-1，7-二磷酸sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate，SBP景天庚酮糖-1，7-二磷酸酯酶sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase，SBPase景天庚酮糖-7-磷酸sedoheptulose-7-phosphate，S7P蛭石栽培vermiculaponics短日植物short-day plant短长日植物short-long day plant氰化物cyanide氯丁唑多效唑，PP333, paclobutrazol4-氯吲哚乙酸4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid氯氟代烃chlorofluorocarbous2-氯乙基膦酸2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid稀土元素rare earth element筛管sieve tube筛管装载sieve loading筛管分子sieve element筛管分子伴胞复合体sieve element companion cell，CC集光色素light harvesting pigment集体效应group effect集流mass flow焦磷酸磷酸果糖激酶pyrophosphate phosphofructokinase湿害waterlogging温周期现象thermoperiodicity温度补偿点temperature compensation point游离型生长素free auxin 270富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白hydroxyproline rich glycoprotein，HRGP强迫休眠epistotic dormancy十三画蓝光效应blue light effect蒸气压梯度vapor pressure gradient蒸腾拉力transpirational pull蒸腾速率transpiration rate蒸腾作用transpiration蒸腾系数transpiration coefficient蒸腾效率transpiration ratio蒸腾流-内聚力-张力学说transpiration-cohesion tension theory蒸发vaporizationα-酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合体α-ketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase complex酪氨酸酶tyrosinase感震性seismonasty感受perception感受蛋白sensor protein感夜性nyctinasty感性运动nastic movement感温性thermonasty4-碘苯氧乙酸4-iodo phenoxy acetic acid雾培spray culture暗呼吸dark respiration暗反应dark reaction跨膜蛋白transmembrane protein蜂蜡醇myricylalcohol嵴cristae锯木培sawdust culture矮壮素氯化氯胆碱chlorocholine chloride，CCC微量元素minorelement微团micell微管microtubule微管蛋白tubulin微体microbody微注射法microinjection technique微梁系统microtrabecular system微纤丝microfibril微丝microfilament愈伤组织callus腺苷三磷酸酶adenosine triphosphatase，A TPase腺苷酸激酶adenylate kinase解偶联剂uncoupler新黄质neoxanthin2 羧基3 酮基阿拉伯糖醇1，5 二磷酸2-carboxy-3-ketoarabinitol-1,5-bispho sphate2 羧基D 阿拉伯糖醇1 磷酸2-carboxy-D-arabinitol1phosphate羧化效率carboxylation efficiency羧化阶段carboxylation phase塑性胁变plastic strain源source源-库单位source-sink unit源强source strength溶酶体lysosome溶质势solute potential溶胶sol溶液培养法solution culture method叠氮化物azide十四画聚光色素复合体light harvesting pigment complex蔗糖磷酸磷酸酯酶sucrose phosphate phosphatase蔗糖磷酸合成酶sucrose phosphate synthase,SPS蔗糖－质子共运输蛋白sucrose-H＋symporter,蔗糖合成酶sucrose synthase,SS碱土alkaline soil碳酸酐酶carbonic anhydrase,CA碳同化carbon dioxide assimilation酶联免疫吸附检测法enzyme linked immunoso rbent assay 酶复合体enzyme complex 198酶放大的免疫鉴定法enzyme amplified immunoassay酸生长理论acid growth theory酸化作用acidification需水量water requirement雌蕊pistil雌雄同株同花植物hermaphroditic plant雌雄同株异花植物monoecious plant雌雄异株植物dioecious plant雌性生殖单位female germ unit雌性系gynoeciousline锻炼hardening膜动转运cytosis膜不饱和脂肪酸指数unsaturated fatty acid index膜片钳patch clamp,PC膜间空间intermembrane space腐胺putrescine精胺spermine漫灌wild flooding irrigation滴灌drip irrigation滴漏式hourglass寡霉素oligomycin寡糖素oligosaccharin缩合酶condensing enzyme十五画增效作用synergism醇溶谷蛋白prolamin潜在库强potential sink strength缬氨霉素valinomycin十六画操纵子operon燕麦试法avena test薄层层析thin layer chromatography整形素morphactin整合integration醛缩酶aldolase膨压turgor pressure膨压素turgorins膨压运动turgor movement凝聚condensation凝集素lectins凝胶gel糖酵解glycolysis糖脂glycolipid激素受体hormone receptor激动素kinetin，KT激发态excited state激发子elicitor激子传递exciton transfer十七画磷酸运转器pi translocator，PT3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase磷酸甘油酸phosphoglycerate，PGA磷酸甘油酸变位酶phosphoglyceromutase磷酸甘油酸激酶phosphoglyceric kinase,PGK磷酸葡萄糖酸phosphogluconate6-磷酸葡萄糖酸内酯6-phosphogluconolactone6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase磷酸葡萄糖变位酶phosphoglucomutase磷酸蔗糖合成酶sucrose phosphate synthetase,SPS磷酸丙糖运转器triose phosphate translocator磷酸丙糖异构酶phosphotrioseisomerase磷酸酯酶phosphatase磷酸水解酶phosphorhydrolase磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸phosphenolpruvate，PEP磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase，PEPC 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶PEP carboxykinase磷酸乙醇酸磷酸脂酶phosphoglycolate phosphatase磷酸己糖异构酶phosphohexoseisomerase磷光phosphorescence磷脂phospholipid磷脂酰甘油phosphatidylglycerol磷脂酰胆碱phosphatidylcholine磷脂酰肌醇phosphatidylinositol,PI磷脂酰乙醇胺phosphatidylethanolamine磷脂酰丝氨酸phosphatidylserine磷脂酶phos pholipase 十九画藻蓝蛋白phycocyanin 藻胆素phycobilin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin 二十二画囊腔lumen。

专利名称：一种二萜化合物在制备具有抗肿瘤作用的药物或保健品中的应用
专利类型：发明专利
发明人：黄伟欢,王国才,李药兰
申请号：CN201510944253.9
申请日：20151216
公开号：CN105476985A
公开日：
20160413
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明涉及药物化学领域，具体公开了一种二萜化合物在制备具有抗肿瘤作用的药物或保健品中的应用。

所述的二萜化合物具有式I所示的结构：实验数据表明，本发明所述的二萜化合物penduliflaworosin对血管生成具有很好的抑制作用，其作用与阳性对照药SU5416(英文名为Semaxanib)相当；进一步可以作为抗肿瘤药物使用。

申请人：暨南大学
地址：510632 广东省广州市黄埔大道西601号
国籍：CN
代理机构：广州市华学知识产权代理有限公司
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2017年第36卷第6期 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS·2101·化 工 进展不同正构烷烃溶剂沉淀中低温煤焦油沥青质的结构组成变化规律裴亮军，李冬，袁扬，薛凤凤，李稳宏（西北大学化工学院，陕西 西安 710069）摘 要：利用X 射线光电子能谱分析（XPS ）、元素分析和FTIR 对不同正构烷烃溶剂（正戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷）沉淀出的正戊烷沥青质（As-5）、正己烷沥青质（As-6）、正庚烷沥青质（As-7）、溶于正己烷不溶于正戊烷的沥青质[As-(5-6)]、溶于正庚烷不溶于正己烷的沥青质[As-(6-7)]、溶于正庚烷不溶于正戊烷的沥青质[As-(5-7)]共6种中低温煤焦油沥青质进行了表征，系统分析了元素的赋存形态、相对含量和官能团类型。

结果表明，碳在沥青质表面主要以sp 2碳和sp 3碳的形式存在，二者相对含量之和均达85%以上，以C =O 和COO —基团存在的C 较少，且As-(5-7)的芳香度较小，As-7芳香度最大。

6种沥青质表面的杂原子以O 原子为主，主要以C —OH 、 C —O —C 形式存在。

N 主要以吡啶、吡咯形态存在，两者含量之和均在70%以上，且含有少量的胺和质子化吡啶，As-(5-6)、As-(6-7)、As-(5-7)沥青质中胺类含量高于As-5、As-6、As-7，主要原因是前者芳香环侧链长度大于后者的。

关键词：中低温煤焦油；沥青质；不同溶剂；X 射线光电子能谱分析；表面结构中图分类号：TE622.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2017）06–2101–08 DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017.06.019Composition and structural changes of low temperature coal tarasphaltenes precipitated in different n -alkane solventsPEI Liangjun ，LI Dong ，YUAN Yang ，XUE Fengfeng ，LI Wenhong（School of Chemical Engineering ，Northwest University ，Xi’an 710069，Shaanxi ，China ）Abstract ：Asphaltenes were precipitated with different n - alkanes from medium/low temperature coal tar ，including n -pentane asphaltene （As-5），n -hexane asphaltene （As-6），n -heptane asphaltene （As-7），soluble in n -hexane but insoluble in n -pentane[As-(5-6)]，soluble in n -heptane but insoluble in n -hexane[As-(6-7)] and soluble in n -heptane but insoluble in n -pentane[As-(5-7)]. They were characterized by XPS ，elemental analysis and FTIR. The occurrence state and content of element ，functional groups of elements in asphaltenes were obtained and systematically discussed. The results showed that the sp 2 carbon and sp 3 carbon were the main forms of carbon and the total content reached85%，while the C =O and COO — werefewer. The aromaticity （ƒa ） of As-(5-7) was obviously smaller than that of As-7. The heteroatoms on the surface of the six kinds of asphaltenes were mainly oxygen atoms existed in the form of C —OH and C —O —C mostly. The pyridine and pyrrolic were the main forms of nitrogen with the sum of relative content up to more than 70%. Nitrogen were detected as amine and the protonation pyridine with the smaller content in the total nitrogen functional groups. The第一作者：裴亮军（1990—），男，硕士研究生，从事煤焦油深加工研究。