呼吸专业英语单词
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呼吸科英语A:Bronchial asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-]支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原,变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩/听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis ['pʌlmənəri, 'pul-] [ɑ:'tiəriəl][sti'nəusis]肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎,细支气管炎Boop:bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea [disp'ni:ə] 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema [,emfi'si:mə]肺气肿pulmonary embolism ['embəlizəm] 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia [nju:'məunjə]肺炎Pneumothorax [,nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的(interstitial的)Pulmonary edema肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌。
breath;-spiro-,pneumo-,pneumato-,-pnea1.breathometer 呼吸计2.breath-sounds 呼吸音3.breathing artificial 人工呼吸4.spirometry 肺量测定法5.spiroscope 呼吸量检视器6.pneumoalveolography 肺泡X线造影7.pneumoangiography 肺血管造影术8.pneumobacillin 肺炎杆菌属9.pneumobronchotomy 肺支气管切开术10.pneumocardial 肺心的nose ;naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.rhinocnesmus 鼻痒11.rhinodynia 鼻痛12.rhinorrhea 鼻漏throat ;近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术ryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎glottis ;近义构型词glotto-1.glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottitis 舌炎5.glottogram 声门图6.glottis false 假声门7.glottography 声门描记法8.glottology 舌学9.glottal 声门的10.glottis vera 声门裂trachea,windpipe 近义构型词tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.tracheoscopy 气管镜检bronchus ;近义构型词broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜lung ;近义构型词pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌air sacs,alveolus ;近义构型词alveolo-1.alveolitis 肺泡炎2.alveolocapillary 肺泡毛细血管的pleura ;近义构型词pleuro-1.pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎2.pleurodesis 胸膜固定术3.pleurodynia 胸膜痛4.pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术5.pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎6.pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎7.pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜8.pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液9.pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查10.pleurotomy 胸膜切开术。
(一)nose ;naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.r hinocnesmus 鼻痒11.r hinodynia 鼻痛12.r hinorrhea 鼻漏13.a llergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎(二)throat ;近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术10.l aryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎11.p haryngalgia[færin'gældʒiə] ; pharyngodynia[,færiŋ'ɡɔdiniə] 咽痛(三)glottis ;近义构型词glotto-1.glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottogram 声门图5.glottis false 假声门6.glottography 声门描记法7.glottal 声门的8.glottis vera 声门裂9.glottitis 舌炎10.glottology 舌学(四)trachea,windpipe 近义构型词tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.t racheoscopy 气管镜检(五)bronchus ;近义构型词broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜11.chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎12.COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺13. Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘14. Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌(六)lung ;近义构型词pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌munity acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎12.hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎13.nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎14.Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎15.Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎16.hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎17.extrinisic allergic alveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎18.lung absess肺脓肿19. pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核20lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]21.interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik] cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病Sarcoidosis结节病22. pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病pulmonary embolism (PE)肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄23.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[prəutii'nəusis] PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) 曲菌病ALI Acute lung injury 急性肺损伤ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征24.Pulmonary edema肺水肿emphysematous 肺大泡pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pneumonemia 肺充血25. pleura ;近义构型词pleuro-pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎pleurodesis 胸膜固定术pleurodynia 胸膜痛pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查pleurotomy 胸膜切开术26.fever发热cough 咳嗽nonproductive cough 干咳dry cough 干咳Sputum痰dry, purulent['pjuərjulənt]脓性的copious['kəupiəs] green sputum大量绿色痰,tenacious[ti'neiʃəs, tə-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰,frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰,rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezing喘息Dyspnea during exertion[iɡ'zə:ʃən] or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea[ɔ:'θɔpniə] 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath (SOB)气短Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感exercise intolerance运动障碍hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise [mæ'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'ældʒiə] 肌痛insomnia [in'sɔmniə] 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia [dis'fəuniə]发声困难27.clubbed fingers杵状指:cyanosis [,saiə'nəusis]发绀:deoxyhemoglobin [di:,ɔksi'heməu,ɡləubin]去氧血红蛋白peripheral [pə'rifərəl]外围的,次要的hand flap:扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula lymph nodes锁骨上的淋巴结增大axillary [æk'siləri] lymph nodes腋窝淋巴结respiratory rate呼吸频率tachycardia 心动过速kyphosis [kai'fəusis] 驼背,脊柱后凸Inspection:视诊tachypnea [,tækip'ni:ə] 呼吸急促sternocleidomastoid['stə:nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid] muscle 胸锁乳突肌wide or narrow intercostal[,intə'kɔstəl] space肋间隙tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音scapular['skæpjulə]肩胛的range of mobility[məu'biləti]移动度Auscultation[,ɔ:skəl'teiʃən]:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor['straidə] 喘鸣,crackles['krækl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-like soundesmoist rales :湿罗音(coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine细的, crepitus 捻发音)pleural friction rubs胸膜摩擦音complete absence of breath sounds呼吸音完全消失ankle edema踝水肿weight loss体重减轻cachexia[kə'keksiə]恶病质,cachectic[kə'kektik]恶病质的decreased food appetite=loss of appetite= anorexia[,ænə'reksiə]食欲减退28.常做的检查examinations or laboratory findingstemperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature) sputum pot 痰盂blood/urine/stool routine血/尿/大便常规occult['ɔkʌlt/ blood test潜隐血试验blood biochemistry血生化sputum /blood culture痰/血培养drug sensitivity test药敏试验sputum cytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]痰细胞学pulse oximeter[ɔk'simitə] 脉氧计arterial blood gas analysis(ABG): 动脉血气分析artery puncture动脉穿刺hypercarbiahypoxemia[,haipɔk'si:miə]血氧不足respiratory failure:呼衰coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔amphoric['æmfərik]空翁音的opacification[əu,pæsifi'keiʃən]浑浊shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusion胸膜渗出液mediastinal[,mi:diæs'tainəl]纵隔thymoma[θai'məumə]胸腺瘤,teratoma[,terə'təumə]畸胎瘤,TB lymph nodes,lymphoma[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT正电子Abdominal ultrasound['ʌltrəsaund]超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验tuberculin skin test 纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test) Pulmonary function test 肺功能检查Spirometry [spai'rɔmitri]呼吸量测定法,肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases:阻塞性肺疾病restrictive lung diseases:限制性肺疾病FEV1: forced expiratory[iks'paiərətəri/ volume in 1 second 1秒率FVC: force vital capacity用力肺活量TLC: total lung capacity肺总量RV: residual volume残气量KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)转移吸数PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate最大呼气流速flow-volume loop呼吸器流曲线bronchoprovocation/challenge test[,prɔvə'keiʃən] 支气管激发试验:histamine['histəmmin] 组胺methacholine乙酰甲胆碱bronchodilatation[,dailə'teiʃən]支气管舒张试验:salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]fiberoptic bronchoscopy[brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]纤支镜检查biopsy['bai,ɔpsi]活组织检查bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)肺泡灌洗液protected specimen brushtransthoracic[,trænsθə'ræsik,]经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration[,æspə'reiʃən]吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours) video-assisted thoracoscopic-guid ed[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜lung biopsy open lung biopsy开肺活检pleural biopsy胸膜活检biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes增大淋巴结活检D-Dimers D-二聚体electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图echocardiogram 超声心动图V/Q ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)通气/血流比例Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]磁共振血管造影术pulmonary angiography肺血管造影术Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor心脏监护示波器PSG( polysommography)多导睡眠监测29.incidence rate 发病率prevalence rate 患病率mortality rate 死亡率birth rate 出生率survival rate 生存率case fatality rate 某病病死率。
(一)nose ; naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.rhinocnesmus 鼻痒11.rhinodynia 鼻痛12.rhinorrhea 鼻漏13.allergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎(二)throat ;近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术ryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎11.pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə] ;pharyngodynia[,færiŋ'ɡɔdiniə] 咽痛(三)glottis ;近义构型词 glotto-1.glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottogram 声门图5.glottis false 假声门6.glottography 声门描记法7.glottal 声门的8.glottis vera 声门裂9.glottitis 舌炎10.glottology 舌学(四)trachea,windpipe 近义构型词 tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.tracheoscopy 气管镜检(五)bronchus ;近义构型词 broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜11.chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎12.COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺13. Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘14. Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌(六)lung ;近义构型词 pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌munity acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎12.hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎13.nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎14.Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎15.Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎16.hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎17.extrinisic allergic alveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎18.lung absess肺脓肿19. pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核20 lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]21.interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病Sarcoidosis结节病22. pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病pulmonary embolism (PE)肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄23.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[prəutii'nəusis] PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik] Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) 曲菌病ALI Acute lung injury 急性肺损伤ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征24.Pulmonary edema肺水肿emphysematous 肺大泡pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pneumonemia 肺充血25. pleura ;近义构型词 pleuro-pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎pleurodesis 胸膜固定术pleurodynia 胸膜痛pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查pleurotomy 胸膜切开术26.fever发热cough 咳嗽nonproductive cough 干咳dry cough 干咳Sputum痰dry, purulent['pjuərjulənt]脓性的copious['kəupiəs] green sputum大量绿色痰,tenacious[ti'neiʃəs, tə-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰,frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰,rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezing喘息Dyspnea during exertion[iɡ'zə:ʃən] or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea[ɔ:'θɔpniə] 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath (SOB)气短Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感exercise intolerance运动障碍hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise [mæ'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'ældʒiə] 肌痛insomnia [in'sɔmniə] 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia [dis'fəuniə]发声困难27.clubbed fingers杵状指 :cyanosis [,saiə'nəusis]发绀:deoxyhemoglobin [di:,ɔksi'heməu,ɡləubin]去氧血红蛋白peripheral [pə'rifərəl]外围的,次要的hand flap: 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula lymph nodes锁骨上的淋巴结增大 axillary [æk'siləri] lymph nodes腋窝淋巴结respiratory rate呼吸频率tachycardia 心动过速kyphosis [kai'fəusis] 驼背,脊柱后凸Inspection:视诊tachypnea [,tækip'ni:ə] 呼吸急促sternocleidomastoid['stə:nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid] muscle 胸锁乳突肌wide or narrow intercostal[,intə'kɔstəl] space肋间隙tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音scapular['skæpjulə]肩胛的range of mobility[məu'biləti]移动度Auscultation[,ɔ:skəl'teiʃən]:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor['straidə] 喘鸣 ,crackles['krækl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-like soundesmoist rales :湿罗音(coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine细的, crepitus 捻发音)pleural friction rubs胸膜摩擦音complete absence of breath sounds呼吸音完全消失ankle edema踝水肿weight loss体重减轻cachexia[kə'keksiə]恶病质,cachectic[kə'kektik]恶病质的decreased food appetite=loss of appetite= anorexia[,ænə'reksiə]食欲减退28.常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findingstemperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature) sputum pot 痰盂blood/urine/stool routine血/尿/大便常规occult['ɔkʌlt/ blood test潜隐血试验blood biochemistry血生化sputum /blood culture痰/血培养drug sensitivity test药敏试验sputum cytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]痰细胞学pulse oximeter[ɔk'simitə] 脉氧计arterial blood gas analysis(ABG): 动脉血气分析artery puncture动脉穿刺hypercarbiahypoxemia[,haipɔk'si:miə]血氧不足respiratory failure:呼衰coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔amphoric['æmfərik]空翁音的opacification[əu,pæsifi'keiʃən]浑浊shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusion胸膜渗出液mediastinal[,mi:diæs'tainəl]纵隔thymoma[θai'məumə]胸腺瘤,teratoma[,terə'təumə]畸胎瘤,TB lymph nodes,lymphoma[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography) Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) PET-CT正电子Abdominal ultrasound['ʌltrəsaund]超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验tuberculin skin test 纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test)Pulmonary function test 肺功能检查Spirometry [spai'rɔmitri]呼吸量测定法,肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases:阻塞性肺疾病restrictive lung diseases:限制性肺疾病FEV1: forced expiratory[iks'paiərətəri/ volume in 1 second 1秒率FVC: force vital capacity用力肺活量TLC: total lung capacity肺总量RV: residual volume残气量KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)转移吸数PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate最大呼气流速flow-volume loop 呼吸器流曲线bronchoprovocation/challenge test[,prɔvə'keiʃən] 支气管激发试验:histamine['histəmmin] 组胺methacholine乙酰甲胆碱bronchodilatation[,dailə'teiʃən]支气管舒张试验:salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]fiberoptic bronchoscopy[brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]纤支镜检查biopsy['bai,ɔpsi]活组织检查bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)肺泡灌洗液protected specimen brushtransthoracic[,trænsθə'ræsik,]经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration[,æspə'reiʃən]吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜 lung biopsyopen lung biopsy开肺活检pleural biopsy胸膜活检biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes增大淋巴结活检D-Dimers D-二聚体electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图echocardiogram 超声心动图V/Q ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)通气/血流比例Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]磁共振血管造影术pulmonary angiography肺血管造影术Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆 (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor心脏监护示波器PSG( polysommography)多导睡眠监测 29.incidence rate 发病率prevalence rate 患病率mortality rate 死亡率birth rate 出生率survival rate 生存率case fatality rate 某病病死率。
呼吸的英语名词“呼吸”是生命不可或缺的功能,它对我们的生活至关重要。
“呼吸”的英文名词是respiration,它由两个单词组成:re(回)和Spirare(呼吸)。
“呼吸”是一种运动,它可以改变气体在肺部和环境之间的流动。
换句话说,它是一种利用空气中氧气和二氧化碳进行物质置换的过程。
我们通过呼吸吸入氧气,排出二氧化碳,这叫做“呼吸”循环。
“呼吸”由两个阶段组成:吸气和呼气。
“吸气”就是把空气吸入肺部和细胞,这叫做“吸气”;“呼气”就是把空气从肺部和细胞排出,这叫做“呼气”。
“吸气”和“呼气”是互相联系的,一个过程结束之后,另一个过程就开始了。
“呼吸”不仅仅提供营养,还可以控制身体内部温度、pH值和氧含量,以维持身体健康。
此外,它还可以清除有害物质,如尘埃,以及帮助消化系统消化食物。
“呼吸”的另一个重要作用是语言的产生。
我们发出的声音,实际上是借助“呼吸”自然空气的控制而产生的。
通过控制呼吸,我们可以改变声音的音调、长短和强弱,从而用言语表达思想。
“呼吸”也是催眠法的重要组成部分。
催眠法是一种植物疗法,它通过调节“呼吸”来调节情绪和心理状态。
通过按摩和温水浴,以及慢呼吸和缓慢的节奏,让他们感觉轻松和放松,从而改善睡眠质量,提高身心状态。
综上所述,“呼吸”是一种重要的自然功能,它对我们的生活至关重要。
它不仅仅可以改变气体在肺部和环境之间的流动,还能帮助我们控制身体内部温度、pH值和氧含量,以及帮助消化系统消化食物。
此外,它还可以清除有害物质,还可以帮助我们用言语表达思想,以及作为催眠疗法的一部分。
总之,“呼吸”是不可或缺的功能,它对我们的生活至关重要。
呼吸科英语Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘acidosis酸中毒Allergen,allergicreaction 变异原,变态反应bloodgas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar肺泡得antibiotic抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heartdisease动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergicbronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussionand auscultation 叩/听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber opticbronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis支气管炎,细支气管炎Boop:bronchiolitis obliterans withorganizingpneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronaryarterioscleroticheartdisease冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitiallung disease慢性间质性肺病COPDchronicobstructivepulmonary disease慢阻肺Clubbedfinger杵状指dry cough干咳Cyanosis紫绀Nonproductivecough干咳plication 并发症DDyspnea 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema肺气肿pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acidbaseequolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology病因学Emphysematous肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生得Exogenous外生得FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ GramstainpositiveGm—Gramstain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCThigh–resolution puterizedtomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal气管内得Intravenous 静脉内得NNoninvasive ventilation无创机械通气OOSASobstructive sleep apneasyndrome阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia 肺炎Pneumothorax气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusionratio通气血流比Pleura胸腔积液Primarybronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test激发试验Parenchymal实质得(insterstial间质得)Plumonary edema肺水肿Lobarpneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/3Lobular pneumonia小叶性肺炎RMoist rales湿罗音Dryrales干罗音SSaO2 saturationin arterialblood 动脉血氧饱与度Short of breath气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea气促Thrombosis血栓TBLBtransbronchial lung biosy经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其她facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchialspasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video—assisted thoracoscopic—guided[θɔ'rækəskəup]胸腔镜lung biopsy open lung biopsypleuralbiopsybiopsy of enlargedlymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram(ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Qisotope[’aisəutəup] 同位素scan( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA (MagneticResonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]血管造影术)pulmonary angiographyDoppler[’dɔplə]多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿and pelvis['pelvis]骨盆(USS: ultrasoundscanning)cardiacmonitorPSG( polysommography)常见得病名diseasesacute upperrespiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染mon cold普通感冒influenza流感[,influ’enzə]pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə]咽痛acutebroncho-bronchitis急性气管-支气管炎4/14pneumonia肺炎munityacquired pneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)医院获得性肺炎nosoicalpneumonia (NP)医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess肺脓肿pulmonarytuberculosis 肺结核病lungcancer:肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs]cellcarcinoma鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si’nəumə]bronchoalveolar cellcarcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌smallcelllungcarcinoma (SCLC)小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]pulmonary embolism (PE)肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[,θrɔmbəu’embəlizəm] pulmonary infarction肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema脓胸[,empai'i:mə]pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax脓气胸[’paiəu,nju:məu’θɔ:ræks]chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病[’sʌpjuərətiv,-reitiv]congenitalcyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,saiə'nɔtik]cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病[’kɔ:,pumə’næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sefə'lɔpəθi]right heart failure;right—sided heart failure右心衰竭pulmonary vasculardiseases肺血管疾病interstitiallung disease, ILD弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonaryfibrosis, IPF特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]cryptogenic[,kriptəu'dʒenik]隐源性得fibrosing alveolitis,CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue relatedlung diseases结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus['lju:pəs]狼疮erythematosus,SLE系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi’dəusis]Pulmonary alveolarproteinosis[,prəutii'nəusis],PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:məu,sidə'rəusis,,hem—]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病[’ɡrænju,ləumə'təusis]Eosinophilicgranuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺[’nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug—induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis[æ,spə:dʒi’ləusis]曲菌病:allergic bronchopulmonary asperg illosis(ABPA)pleuraldisease胸膜疾病broncho—pleural fistula支气管胸膜瘘['fistjulə]oral candidiasis口腔念珠菌病,鹅口疮[,kændi’daiəsis]osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaua青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury,ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome ,ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria荨麻疹eczema湿疹hypertension高血压diabetes 糖尿病be administered,treatsb、with empirical经验性得,prophylactic[,prɔfi'læktik,,prəu—]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:diəl]治疗性Expectorant祛痰药[eks'pektərənt]Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:kəu’litik]常用得药物drug soragentsbronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brɔŋkəudai’leitə]B2-agonists['æɡənist]兴奋剂:short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]long-acting: salmeterol沙美特罗muscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik] 毒蕈碱样得antagonists[æn’tæɡənist]对抗剂:ipratropi um bromide['brəumaid] 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱[ə,mi:nəu'fili:n]steroids[’stiərɔid]类固醇inhaled:budesonide 布地奈po(per德, os)、,beclomethasone[,bekləu’meθəsəun]倍氯米松,fluticasone氟替卡松systemic:prednisolone['pred'nisələun]强得松hydrocortisone[,haidrəu'kɔ:tizəun] 氢化可得松iv、mast cell stabilizers:cromoglycatesodium色甘酸钠leukotriene[,lju:kəu’traiən]白三烯receptor antagonists:montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamide[ni'keθəmaid, -mid]尼可刹米cardiactonic强心剂diuretics 利尿剂[,daijuə’retik]albumin白蛋白[’ælbjumin]antitussive agents镇咳药[,ænti’tʌsiv]ammonium chloride氯化铵[ə’məunjəm]铵[’klɔ:raid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索(mucosolvan沐舒坦)Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用得治疗措施lowor high flow oxygen:nasal cannulae['kænjuli:]鼻导管,Venturi[ven'tj uəri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer[’nebjulaizə]喷雾器:finer particle size (3to 20um)allowstracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler (MDI)定量雾化吸入器via intubation[,intju:’beiʃən]插管,tracheostomy[,træki'ɔstəmi,,trei-]气管造口术,tracheotomy[,træki’ɔtəmi, ,trei—]气管切开术)synchronized intermittentmandatory ventilation,SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressuresupport ventilation,PSV压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θɔ:rəkəsen’tesis]chestdrain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiationtherapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:məu'nektəmi]lobectomy of lung,pulmonarylobectomy肺叶切除术[ləu'bektəmi]叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术,胸廓切开术[,θɔ:rə'kɔtəmi]pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter下腔静脉过滤器cystic['sistik]囊性得/varicose['værikəus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisdeviation:trachea and apex ['eipeks]尖端shift contralaterally对立得旁边CXR: translucency[trænz’lju:sənsi] 半透明+collapse倒塌:visible rim边缘refractory or recurrent周期性得:pleurodesis胸膜固定术,pleurectomy[plu’rektəmi]胸膜切除术,bulla['bulə]大疱stapling装订or lasering激光常用得化疗药9/14cisplatin顺铂Gemcitabine吉西她滨:Gemzar(盐酸吉西她滨注射剂) paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇(Taxol泰素)docetaxel多西她赛(泰素帝) 常见得抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibitcell wall synthesispenicillinskin testamoxicillin阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/她唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin头孢菌素类cefradine头孢拉啶cefaclor头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢她定ceftizoxime头孢唑污carbopenems碳青霉烯类azactam氨曲南meropenem美罗培南imipenemandsodiumcilastatin 亚胺培南/西司她丁钠(泰能tienam)Glycopeptides糖肽类inhibit cell wallassembly vanycin万古霉素norvanycin去甲万古霉素teicoplanin替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类: inhibit protein synthesisroxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin克拉霉素azithromycin阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycosideantibiotics:氨基糖苷类reno- andototoxicinhibitinitiation and elongation process during protein synthesisamikacin阿米卡星(丁胺卡那)gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin链霉素Sulfamido磺胺类sulfamethoxazolepound(SMZ、CO)Quinolones喹诺酮类:inhibitDNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类met ronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide吡嗪酰胺ethambutol乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司她韦acyclovir阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium,phosphonoformicacid膦甲酸钠(可耐)lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见得病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium细菌lipopolysaccharide (LPS)脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colonyforming unit,CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs:extended spectrumB-lactamases超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA: methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia菌血症toxemia 毒血症11/14endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50)半数致死量median infectivedose(ID50)半数感染量virus病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota,microflora,normalflora, physiologicalmicrobiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection内源性感染exogenous infection外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibilitytesting 药物敏感试验minimuminhibitoryconcentration(MIC)最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidalconcentration (MBC)最小杀菌浓度disinfection消毒sterilization灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis防腐disinfectant消毒剂bacteriostaticagent抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation,UV 紫外线isolationprecaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine死/灭活疫苗attentuated livevaccine减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificialpassive immunity人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin丙种球蛋白Staphylococcusaureus金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcusepidermidis表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcuspneumoniae ,pneumococcus肺炎链球菌Viridansstreptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilusinfluenzae流感嗜血杆菌Legionella军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae,gonococcus淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonellatyphi伤寒沙门菌Vibriocholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacterpylori幽门螺杆菌Campylobacterjejuni空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium,acid-fastbacilli 分枝杆菌属,抗酸杆菌Mycobacteriumtuberculosis,tuberclebacillus结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OTAtypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacteriumleprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobicbacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridumdifficile艰难梭菌antibiotic—associateddiarrhea抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia耶尔森菌属Brucella布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum梅毒螺旋体(苍白密螺旋体)Venerealdiseasereferencelaboratory(VDRL)Rapidplasma regain (RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis沙眼衣原体Virusesassociated with respiratoryinfections呼吸道病毒Influenzavirus流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratorysyncytial virus,RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/14Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARSAdenovirus 腺病毒Rubellavirus风疹病毒Rhinovirus鼻病毒Enterovirus肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis Bvirus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis Bvirus流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus,HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zostervirus,VZV水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus,CMV巨细胞病毒Epstein—Barr virus,EBVEB病毒Human herpesvirus 6,HHV-6人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses,HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Humanimmunodeficiency virus,HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquiredimmunodeficiency syndrome,AIDSHuman T-lymphotropicvirus,HTLV人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T—cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus真菌Yeast酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans,candidaalbicans 白假丝酵母菌,白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystiscarinii pneumonia,PCP卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
呼吸系统和遗传学词汇(周六日):周一词汇:Abdomin/oabdominal [æb'dɒmɪn(ə)l]腹部的abdominoplasty [æb'dɔminə,plæsti] 腹壁整形术abdominocystic [æb,dɒmɪnə'sɪstɪk]腹胆囊的alveo/oalveolar [æl'vɪələ; ,ælvɪ'əʊlə]肺泡的alveolitis [æl,viə'laitis]肺泡炎alveolocapillary [ælviələʊ'kæpɪlərɪ]肺泡毛细管的ambi- 二;两方ambiguous [æm'bɪɡjuəs]模棱两可的ambisexual [,æmbɪ'sekʃʊəl; ,æmbɪ'seksjʊəl]两性的ambidexterity [,æmbədɛks'tɛrəti]两手俱技巧独特Bronch/obronchus ['brɒŋkəs] 气管bronchoscope ['brɒŋkəskəʊp]支气管镜bronchiectasis [,brɒŋkɪ'ektəsɪs]支气管扩张bronchitis [brɒŋ'kaɪtɪs]支气管炎bronchial ['brɒŋkɪəl]支气管的bronchiole ['brɒŋkɪəʊl]细支气管-capnia 二氧化碳hypercapnia [,haɪpɚ'kæpnɪə]血碳酸过多症eucapnia [jʊ'kæpnɪə]血碳酸正常hypocapnia [,haipəu'kæpniə]n.(血内)碳酸过少,低碳酸血(症)cyan/o 蓝;青紫;绀cyanosis [,saɪə'nəʊsɪs]n.发绀;苍白病,黄萎病cyanopathy [sa'ɪænəpəθɪ]n.发绀,绀色cyanobacterium [,saɪənobæk'tɪriəm; saɪ,ænobæk'tɪriəm]n.藻青菌周二词汇:di- 两;二;双dioxide [daɪ'ɒksaɪd]二氧化物dicyclic [dai'saiklik]双环的dicytosis [daisi'təusis]两种细胞情况-ectasis 扩张bronchiectasis [,brɒŋkɪ'ektəsɪs]支气管扩张症atelectasis [,ætɪ'lektəsɪs]肺不张pneumonectasis [njuːmə'nektəsɪs肺气肿-ema 状况empyema [,empaɪ'iːmə]积脓emphysema ['ɛmfɪ'simə]肺气肿edema [i'dimə]水肿Epiglott/oepiglottis [,ɛpɪ'ɡlɑtɪs]会厌epiglottiditis [epɪɡlɒ'tɪdaɪtɪs]会厌炎epiglottectomy [epɪɡ'lɒtektəmɪ]会厌切除术inter-intercostal [,ɪntɚ'kɑstl]肋间的肋间肌interstitial [,ɪntɚ'stɪʃl]细胞间质的intermittent [ɪntə'mɪt(ə)nt]间歇热laryng/o 喉laryngoplasty [lə'rɪŋɡəʊ,plæstɪ]喉成形术laryngectomy [,lærɪn'dʒɛktəmi]喉切除laryngotracheobronchitis [lə,rɪŋɡəʊ'treɪkɪə,brɒntʃ'aɪtɪs]喉气管支气管炎lob/o 叶lobes [lob]脑肺肝的叶lobar ['ləʊbə]肺叶的lobectomy [ləʊb'ektəmɪ]肺叶切除术周三词汇:macro- 大的macrophage ['mækrə'fedʒ]巨噬细胞macromolecule [,mækrə'mɑlə,kjʊl]高分子大分子macrocyte ['mækro,saɪt]巨红细胞meta- changemetastatic [,mɛtə'stætɪk]转移性的metastasize [mə'tæstəsaɪz]转移metastasectomy [metətə'sektəmɪ]转移灶切除术medi- Middlemediastinum [,midɪæs'taɪnəm]纵膈mediastinoscopy [mediəs'tɪnɒskəpɪ]纵膈镜检查mediastinogram [mediəs'tɪnəɡræm]纵膈x射线照片-osmia smellanosmia [æn'ɑsmɪə]嗅觉缺失anosmatic [,ænɔz'mætik]嗅觉缺乏的hyperosmia [,haipə'rəuzmiə]嗅觉过敏-oxia 氧量hypoxia [haɪ'pɑksɪə]缺氧anoxia [æn'ɑksɪə]缺氧症hyperoxia [,haipə'rɔksiə]氧过多Ox/o 氧hypoxemia [,haɪpɑk'simɪə]血氧不足oxyacid [,ɑksɪ'æsɪd]含氧酸oxygenate ['ɑksɪdʒənet]氧化周四词汇:Pleur/o 胸膜pleural ['plʊərə]胸膜的pleura ['plʊrə]胸膜pleuritis [pluə'raitis]胸膜炎pleurodynia [,plʊrə'dɪniə]胸膜痛Pneumon/o lung;airpneumonia [nʊ'monɪə]肺炎pneumothorax [,njʊmə'θɔræks]气胸pneumoconiosis [,njʊmə,konɪ'osɪs]尘肺病Pseud/o falsepseudotumor ['(p)sjuːdəʊtjuːmə假瘤pseudopregnancy [sjuːdə(ʊ)'pregnənsɪ]假孕pseudoedema [sjuːdəʊiː'diːmə]假水肿-ptysis spittinghemoptysis [hɪ'mɑptəsɪs]咯血emptysis ['ɛmptɪsɪs]咳血melanoptysis ['melənɒptɪsɪs]咳黑痰Sin/osinus ['saɪnəs]窦sinography [sai'nɔɡrəfi]窦腔x射线照相术sinusitis [,saɪnə'saɪtɪs]窦炎paranasal sinus [pærə'neɪzəl]副鼻窦(注意:是两个单词)-stasis controlhemostasis [hɪ'mɒstəsɪs]止血hemostasia [,hi:mə'steiʒə]止血法周五词汇:Thorac/o cheatthoracoplasty ['θorəko,plæsti]胸廓成形术thoracic [θɔː'ræsɪk]胸廓的thoracentesis [θɔ:rəsen'ti:sis]胸腔穿刺术Tonsil/o 扁桃体tonsillectomy [,tɒnsɪ'lektəmɪ]扁桃体切除术tonsillitis [tɒnsɪ'laɪtɪs]扁桃腺炎tonsillar ['tɔnsilə]扁桃体的Trache/o 气管trachea ['tɔnsilə]气管tracheotomy [,trekɪ'ɑtəmi]气管切开术tracheal ['trekiəl]气管的tracheostomy [,trekɪ'ɑstəmi]气管造口术Tubercul/o small swellingtuberculosis [tjʊ,bɜːkjʊ'ləʊsɪs]肺结核tuberculous [tjʊ'bɜːkjʊləs]结节状的tuberculoma [tjuː,bɜːkjʊ'ləʊmə]结核瘤周六词汇:ab- (away from;脱离)abnormality [,æbnɔr'mæləti](不正常,畸形)abortion [,æbnɔr'mæləti](流产)aboral [æb'orəl](反口的,对口的)aberration ['æbə'reʃən](畸变,神经错乱)abnormal [æb'nɔrml](不正常的,变态的)amni/o (amnion;羊膜)amniotic [,æmnɪ'otɪk](羊膜的)amniocyte ['æmniːəʊsaɪt(羊水细胞)amniotomy [,æmini'ɔtəmi](羊膜穿破术)amnioma ['æmniəmə](羊膜瘤)is/o (equal,alike;同等)isochromosome [,aisəu'krəuməsəum](等臂染色体)isotope ['aɪsə'top](同位素)isotonic [,aɪso'tɑnɪk](等张的,等渗的)mut/a (change;变)mutation [mjuː'teɪʃn](突变)mutant ['mjutənt](突变体)mutational [mjuː'teɪʃnəl](突变的)nat/I (birth;出生)prenatal [,pri'netl](出生前的)natimortality [neɪtɪmɒ'tælɪtɪ](死产率)antenatal ['æntə'netl](出生前的)natality [ne'tæləti](出生率)postnatal [pəʊst'neɪtl](出生后的)周日词汇:ov/o- 或ov/I (female gamete, egg 卵)oviduct ['əʊvɪdʌkt](输卵管)ovum ['əʊvɪdʌkt](卵)ovary ['əʊv(ə)rɪ](卵巢)prostat/o(prostate gland;前列腺)prostaglandin ['əʊv(ə)rɪ](前列腺素)prostatitis [,prɒsteɪ'taɪtɪs](前列腺炎)prostatectomy [,prɑstə'tɛktəmi](前列腺切除术)-rrhea(discharge,flow;漏出)amniorrhea [,æmniɔ'ri:ə](羊水溢出)diarrhea [,daɪə'riə](腹泻)hemorrhea [hemə'riə](大出血)menorrhea [,menə'ri:ə](月经过多)ultra-(beyond,excess;超)ultrasonogram [,ʌltrə'sɔnəɡræm](超声记录图)ultramicroscopy [ʌltrəmaɪ'krɒskəpɪ](超显微术)ultrastructure ['ʌltrəstrʌktʃə](超微结构)umbilic/o (navel;脐)umbilical ['ʌltrəstrʌktʃə](脐的)umbilectomy [ʌmbɪ'lektəmɪ](脐切除术)periumbilical [piəriəm'bɪlaɪkl](脐周的)。
医学英语词汇:呼吸常用的英语术语医学英语词汇:呼吸常用的英语术语导语:呼吸是指机体与外界环境之间气体交换的过程。
下面是小编为您收集整理的关于呼吸常用的`英语术语,欢迎阅读!呼吸常用的英语术语:Ppa pulmonary artery pressure 肺动脉压,灌注压Palv-Pc alveolar pressure-capillary pressure 血管腔内与腔外压力差PV pressure of vein 静脉端压力医学教.育网搜集PLA left atrial pressure 左房压FiO2 fraction of inspire O2 吸入气中氧浓度分数R respiratory exchange ratio 呼吸交换指数CVO2 oxygen content of mixed blood 混合静脉血氧含量QS pulmonary shunt 肺内分流Q volume of blood 血容量rate of blood flow 血流速率V gas volume in general(pressure,temperature,and water vapor tensionmust also be given) 总气量gas volume per unit time;rate of gas flow 单位气流量,通气速率FAO2 fraction of alveolar oxygen 肺泡分氧浓度分数T tidal gas 潮气v mixed venous blood 混合静脉血VT tidal volume 潮气容积TLC total lung capacity 肺总量VC vital capacity 肺活量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量ERC expiratory reserve capacity 补呼吸量RV residual volume 残气容积FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量CL compliance of lung 肺顺应性CSt static compliance 静态顺应性Cdgn dyanamic compliance 动态顺应性Raw air way resistance 气道阻力MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气MBC maximal breathing capacity 最大通气量FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second 第1秒用力呼气量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量MMFR forced expiratory flow during middle half of the FVC 最大呼气中期流速PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 呼气峰流量D dead space ventilation 死腔通气量E minute ventilation 分钟通气量PVR pulmonary vascular resistance 肺血管阻力Palv alveolar pressure 肺泡压。
呼吸英语单词(生物体同外界进行气体交换) breathe; respire:出去呼吸新鲜空气go out for a breath of fresh air;用鼻孔[嘴]呼吸breathe through the nostrils [mouth];我又能像个自由人一样呼吸了。
Once again I breathed as a free man.breath; breathing; pneusis; anapnea; anapnoea; aspiration; respiration:屏住呼吸bate [catch; hold] one's breath;口对口呼吸mouth-to-mouth respiration;人工呼吸artificial respiration;他的呼吸迟缓而困难。
His breathing is laboured.空气非常寒冷,我们难以呼吸。
The air was so cold we could hardly breathe.《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》他们在他嘴里插了根导管帮助他呼吸。
They inserted a tube in his mouth to help him breathe.呼吸困难的病例随空气污染的加剧而增加。
Cases of breathing difficulties increase in locks tep with air pollution.她从他呼吸的声音中听出来他睡着了。
The sound of his breathing told her he was asl eep.他呼吸中的酒精气味让我恶心。
I was repelled by the smell of drink on his b reath.。
医学英语——呼吸的医用术语VT tidal volume 潮气容积TLC total lung capacity 肺总量VC vital capacity 肺活量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量ERC expiratory reserve capacity 补呼吸量RV residual volume 残气容积FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量CL compliance of lung 肺顺应性CSt static compliance 静态顺应性Cdgn dyanamic compliance 动态顺应性Raw air way resistance 气道阻力MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 自主通气MBC maximal breathing capacity 通气量FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second 第1秒用力呼气量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量MMFR forced expiratory flow during middle half of the FVC 呼气中期流速PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 呼气峰流量D dead space ventilation 死腔通气量E minute ventilation 分钟通气量PVR pulmonary vascular resistance 肺血管阻力Palv alveolar pressure 肺泡压Ppa pulmonary artery pressure 肺动脉压,灌注压Palv-Pc alveolar pressure-capillary pressure 血管腔内与腔外压力差PV pressure of vein 静脉端压力医学教.育网搜集PLA left atrial pressure 左房压FiO2 fraction of inspire O2 吸入气中氧浓度分数R respiratory exchange ratio 呼吸交换指数CVO2 oxygen content of mixed blood 混合静脉血氧含量QS pulmonary shunt 肺内分流Q volume of blood 血容量rate of blood flow 血流速率V gas volume in general(pressure,temperature,and water vapor tensionmust also be given)总气量gas volume per unit time;rate of gas flow 单位气流量,通气速率FAO2 fraction of alveolar oxygen 肺泡分氧浓度分数T tidal gas 潮气v mixed venous blood 混合静脉血。
(一)nose ;naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.r hinocnesmus 鼻痒11.r hinodynia 鼻痛12.r hinorrhea 鼻漏13.a llergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎(二)throat ;近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术10.l aryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎11.p haryngalgia[færin'gældʒiə] ; pharyngodynia[,færiŋ'ɡɔdiniə] 咽痛(三)glottis ;近义构型词glotto-1.glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottogram 声门图5.glottis false 假声门6.glottography 声门描记法7.glottal 声门的8.glottis vera 声门裂9.glottitis 舌炎10.glottology 舌学(四)trachea,windpipe 近义构型词tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.t racheoscopy 气管镜检(五)bronchus ;近义构型词broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜11.chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎12.COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺13. Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘14. Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌(六)lung ;近义构型词pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌munity acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎12.hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎13.nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎14.Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎15.Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎16.hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎17.extrinisic allergic alveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎18.lung absess肺脓肿19. pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核20lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]21.interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik] cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病Sarcoidosis结节病22. pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病pulmonary embolism (PE)肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄23.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[prəutii'nəusis] PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) 曲菌病ALI Acute lung injury 急性肺损伤ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征24.Pulmonary edema肺水肿emphysematous 肺大泡pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pneumonemia 肺充血25. pleura ;近义构型词pleuro-pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎pleurodesis 胸膜固定术pleurodynia 胸膜痛pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查pleurotomy 胸膜切开术26.fever发热cough 咳嗽nonproductive cough 干咳dry cough 干咳Sputum痰dry, purulent['pjuərjulənt]脓性的copious['kəupiəs] green sputum大量绿色痰,tenacious[ti'neiʃəs, tə-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰,frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰,rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezing喘息Dyspnea during exertion[iɡ'zə:ʃən] or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea[ɔ:'θɔpniə] 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath (SOB)气短Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感exercise intolerance运动障碍hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise [mæ'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'ældʒiə] 肌痛insomnia [in'sɔmniə] 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia [dis'fəuniə]发声困难27.clubbed fingers杵状指:cyanosis [,saiə'nəusis]发绀:deoxyhemoglobin [di:,ɔksi'heməu,ɡləubin]去氧血红蛋白peripheral [pə'rifərəl]外围的,次要的hand flap:扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula lymph nodes锁骨上的淋巴结增大axillary [æk'siləri] lymph nodes腋窝淋巴结respiratory rate呼吸频率tachycardia 心动过速kyphosis [kai'fəusis] 驼背,脊柱后凸Inspection:视诊tachypnea [,tækip'ni:ə] 呼吸急促sternocleidomastoid['stə:nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid] muscle 胸锁乳突肌wide or narrow intercostal[,intə'kɔstəl] space肋间隙tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音scapular['skæpjulə]肩胛的range of mobility[məu'biləti]移动度Auscultation[,ɔ:skəl'teiʃən]:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor['straidə] 喘鸣,crackles['krækl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-like soundesmoist rales :湿罗音(coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine细的, crepitus 捻发音)pleural friction rubs胸膜摩擦音complete absence of breath sounds呼吸音完全消失ankle edema踝水肿weight loss体重减轻cachexia[kə'keksiə]恶病质,cachectic[kə'kektik]恶病质的decreased food appetite=loss of appetite= anorexia[,ænə'reksiə]食欲减退28.常做的检查examinations or laboratory findingstemperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature) sputum pot 痰盂blood/urine/stool routine血/尿/大便常规occult['ɔkʌlt/ blood test潜隐血试验blood biochemistry血生化sputum /blood culture痰/血培养drug sensitivity test药敏试验sputum cytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]痰细胞学pulse oximeter[ɔk'simitə] 脉氧计arterial blood gas analysis(ABG): 动脉血气分析artery puncture动脉穿刺hypercarbiahypoxemia[,haipɔk'si:miə]血氧不足respiratory failure:呼衰coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔amphoric['æmfərik]空翁音的opacification[əu,pæsifi'keiʃən]浑浊shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusion胸膜渗出液mediastinal[,mi:diæs'tainəl]纵隔thymoma[θai'məumə]胸腺瘤,teratoma[,terə'təumə]畸胎瘤,TB lymph nodes,lymphoma[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT正电子Abdominal ultrasound['ʌltrəsaund]超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验tuberculin skin test 纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test) Pulmonary function test 肺功能检查Spirometry [spai'rɔmitri]呼吸量测定法,肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases:阻塞性肺疾病restrictive lung diseases:限制性肺疾病FEV1: forced expiratory[iks'paiərətəri/ volume in 1 second 1秒率FVC: force vital capacity用力肺活量TLC: total lung capacity肺总量RV: residual volume残气量KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)转移吸数PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate最大呼气流速flow-volume loop呼吸器流曲线bronchoprovocation/challenge test[,prɔvə'keiʃən] 支气管激发试验:histamine['histəmmin] 组胺methacholine乙酰甲胆碱bronchodilatation[,dailə'teiʃən]支气管舒张试验:salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]fiberoptic bronchoscopy[brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]纤支镜检查biopsy['bai,ɔpsi]活组织检查bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)肺泡灌洗液protected specimen brushtransthoracic[,trænsθə'ræsik,]经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration[,æspə'reiʃən]吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours) video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜lung biopsy open lung biopsy开肺活检pleural biopsy胸膜活检biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes增大淋巴结活检D-Dimers D-二聚体electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图echocardiogram 超声心动图V/Q ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)通气/血流比例Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]磁共振血管造影术pulmonary angiography肺血管造影术Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor心脏监护示波器PSG( polysommography)多导睡眠监测29.incidence rate 发病率prevalence rate 患病率mortality rate 死亡率birth rate 出生率survival rate 生存率case fatality rate 某病病死率。