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科技英语写作-1

科技英语写作-1

Title:
• Short 简洁 • Specific 明确 • Eye-catching 醒目 • Descriptive words 描述性语言
重要性：只有少数人阅读整篇论文，多数人只是浏览标题， 重要性：只有少数人阅读整篇论文，多数人只是浏览标题， 须慎重选择标题中的每一个字，重点突出，一目了然。 须慎重选择标题中的每一个字，重点突出，一目了然。
How to write a manuscript
Structure of a scientific paper 科技论文常见结构
• Title + subtitle (论文题名 副标题 论文题名+副标题 论文题名 副标题) • Authors + correspondence address(作者姓名 通讯地址 作者姓名+通讯地址 作者姓名 通讯地址) • Abstract + Keyword (摘要 关键词 摘要+关键词 摘要 关键词) • Introduction (引言 引言) 引言 • Materials and methods (材料与方法 材料与方法) 材料与方法 • Results & Discussion(结果与讨论 结果与讨论) 结果与讨论 • Conclusion (结论 结论) 结论 • Acknowledgement (致谢 致谢) 致谢 • Reference (参考文献 参考文献) 参考文献
第一节
科技英语写作的分类
一、科技信息类 二、科技报告类 三、科技论文类 四、设计说明书类 五、科技应用文类
一、科技信息类： 科技信息类：
CI（The Chemical Index, 美国化学索引） EI（The Engineering Index, 美国工程技术索引）

科技英语写作教程

科技英语写作教程

第一节 词 类
(7)在人名的所有格之前不用冠词。 这个式子被称为欧姆定律。 This equation is known as Ohm's law． 根据法拉第定律，在初级绕组中感应出来的电压 与初级电感成正比。 The voltage induced in the primary winding is proportional to the primary inductance according to Faraday's law．
第一节 词 类
3．特殊情况 (1)在表示某个参数的单位的词前往往用定冠词。
电位差的单位为伏特。 The unit of potential difference is the volt. 电容的单位为法拉。 The unit of capacitance is the farad.
第一节 词 类
第一节 词 类
(2)论文的标题、书籍名称等的冠词可以省去。如： 锁相环的研究 Study of Phase-locked Loops 计算机入门 Introduction to Computers
第一节 词 类
(3)专有名词一般不加冠词。在科技文写作中，主要 涉及到的专有名词有人名、地名、单位名称和国 家名称。其中单位名称和国家名称需要注意以下 几点：一般由单个词表示的国家名称或一个地点 名词加“大学”构成的专有名称前不加冠词；由 三个或三个以上的普通单词构成的单位或国家名 称前要加定冠词(不过写在信封上或发表的论文作 者下面等场合时一般可不加冠词)。如：
第一节 词 类
2．数词在句子中作前置修饰语 (倍数；分数)+（the+名词；that+后置定语（多为“of 短语”）；what从句） 这个电压是加给放大器的信号的80倍。

科英写作Parts of speech(verbs, adverbs and adjectives)

科英写作Parts of speech(verbs, adverbs and adjectives)
这些数据将输送到三英里外的计算中心。 These data will be sent to the computing center three miles away.
西安电子科技大学
Adjectives 1. Some adjectives must act as postmodifiers: present, else, what(so)ever , inclusive, involved
Examples: The energy within the spectrum is distributed smoothly among the various wavelengths present. In this case no rotation whatsoever will result.
西安电子科技大学
At the end of a sentence additional statement to the subject or the whole sentence before manner
Examples: The gas is restored to its original temperature, ready to repeat the cycle again and again. The force M acts perpendicular to the earth’s surface.
In this case, machines get hot easily.
该皮带平压在滑轮（pulley）上。
The belt lies [presses; rests] flat on the pulley. Translate 在这种情况下压力保持不变。 这种方法被证明是可行的。 Formula: V(active) + an adjective

科英写作(11)(1)

科英写作(11)(1)

※
This paper first discusses the characteristic of this signal and then its generation is described This paper begins with the discussion of this signal, followed by the description of its generation
5. Acknowledgement 6. References / Bibliography
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My deepest gratitude should go to ~~~, my academic supervisor, who offered me valuable suggestions and comments throughout the work, without which the completion of the thesis would have been impossible. I am also grateful for the encouragement given me by ~~. Thanks too go to Ms. ~. Finally, I wish to express indebtedness to ~~~.
5. patterns for giving definition
a. A is defined as B
能量被定义为物体做功的能力。 能量被定义为物体做功的能力。
Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work. b. By A is meant B

科技英语写作[1][1].ppt-1

科技英语写作[1][1].ppt-1

常用被动语态
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This paper systematically studied the microstructure and mechanical properties of a nickel base superalloy.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of a nickel base superalloy were systematically studied in this paper.
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b 指出研究目的的句型 提出论文的研究目的 The purpose (aim)of this paper(thesis, report等）is to find out~~~ The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of solidification rate on the microstructure evaluation and mechanical properties of a new nickel base superalloy
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3 主要结果或发现 （最重要的部分，所获得的实验数 据，实验结果得到的效果＆性能） 4 主要结论与推论
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书写摘要注意事项：
（1） 一般采用正规的术语，要尽量避免缩写。（许 多检测方法用缩写） XRD（X-Ray Diffraction）、SEM（scanning electron microscope） （2）使用正确的时态 描述自己工作的时态要用过去式或完成时；但陈述理 论与事实要用现在时。 （3）使用第三人称 （4）避免使用宣传或带有感情色彩的语言 (例如对自己的工作进行评论，或谦虚等） （5）避免使用图表。 2013-7-26 18

科英写作(05)(1)

科英写作(05)(1)

3. ***: male and born in December 1941. He graduated from the Xi’an Military Telecommunications Engineering Institute (the predecessor of Xidian University) and remained at the institute as a faculty member. From 1981 to 1983 member. he stayed at the University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. for further studies, engaged in the research on image studies, analysis &processing and radar imaging. From 1989 to 1990 he went to the United States and Britain successively as a visiting scholar. Currently he serves as president of Shenzhen University, being an advisor for doctoral students of Xidian University in the academic area of signal and information processing, he gas been in charge of and undertaken quite a few projects, all with high-level achievements. highachievements.

科英写作(1) scientific english writing 科技英语写作教学课件 第一章 述论

Scientific English Writing
EST
E/C
EXAMPLES
All the satellite needs in order to move in its
orbit is the initial speed given it by the carrier.
为了使卫星在其轨道上运行,只需运载火箭所给 的初速度.
图2说明了A随B的变化情况。 Fig.2 shows the changes of A with B.
这些因素确定了计算机储存信息的能力。 These factors conform the ability of computer
to store information. 顾名思义 As the name
suggests/implies/indicates A与B之比
the ratio of A to B
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
Ⅰ 、ARTICLES
1.General rules for using articles. a/an, the and zero article
__ rocket is made of metal.
Does ① light consist of ② waves or ③ particles? ① magnet has ② S pole and ③ N pole.
UFO appeared in the sky last night.
CHAPTER I PARTS OF SPEECH
*China has an area several times as large as France.(注意这种表达)
All the devices in this laboratory are home-made.

英语一作文范文

英语一作文范文In the modern era, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, and its influence on education is undeniable. The advent of the internet, smartphones, and various educational software has revolutionized the way we learn and teach. This essay aims to explore the positive and negative impacts of technology on the education system.Firstly, one of the most significant advantages of technology in education is the accessibility it provides. With online courses and digital libraries, students can access a wealthof information and learning materials from anywhere in the world. This has made education more inclusive, allowingpeople from remote areas or those with limited mobility to pursue their academic interests.Moreover, technology has made learning more interactive and engaging. The use of multimedia tools such as videos, animations, and interactive quizzes can help students better understand complex concepts. For instance, a physics student can watch a simulation of a physics experiment online, which can be more engaging than reading about it in a textbook.However, the integration of technology in education is not without its challenges. One of the primary concerns is the digital divide, where students from less affluent backgrounds may not have access to the necessary technology or internet connectivity. This can lead to disparities in the quality ofeducation received by different students.Additionally, there is a risk of over-reliance on technology. Some educators argue that too much screen time can lead to a decrease in critical thinking and problem-solving skills, as students may become accustomed to receiving information without having to work for it.In conclusion, technology has brought about significant changes in the field of education. While it has the potential to enhance learning experiences and make education more accessible, it is crucial to address the issues of digital divide and over-reliance on technology. A balanced approach that combines the benefits of technology with traditional teaching methods can provide the most effective educational outcomes.请注意，这篇作文范文是一个示例，展示了如何围绕一个主题展开讨论，包括引言、主体段落和结论。

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人名的所有格之前不用冠词 如果人名直接修饰普通名词时，之前要用 定冠词
8) 请注意以下句子中划线词前冠词的用法 a. By frequency is meant the number of times something repeats itself per second. By A is meant B.（所谓A就是B。）
练习 1.这是一个h参数。 2. 地球的半径为6.37*106米。
1.This is an h parameter. 2.The radius of the earth is 6.37*106 meters.
2.特殊用法
1）泛指的名词前可以不加冠词 Air is matter. Information is knowledge.
6）too(太) / so（如此）/ how（多么） ＋形容词＋a（an）＋单数名词 as（如此）＋形容词＋a（an）＋单数名词 ＋as 必须确定为移动这个物体需要多大的力。 It is necessary to determine how large a force is required to move this body. 动圈电流计的惯性矩太大了，以致于不能跟随交变 电流的瞬时值。 The moving-coil galvanometer(检流计)has too large a moment of inertia to follow the instantaneous(瞬时的)values of an alternating current.
4. 该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒。 The approach can be applied to the onedimensional potential barrier with an arbitrary profile. 5. 我们提出了一种基于牛顿迭代的数值方法。 We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method.
练习 1.计算机由几个部分组成。 2.电能可以轻易地转变成其他形式的能量 (other forms of energy) 。
1.A computer consists of several parts. 2.Electricity can be easily changed into other forms of energy.
Fig. 2-5 shows what is expressed by Equation 2-2.
5) 表示 “比较一下”， “讨论一下”， “分析一下” ，“了解一下”等意义时有 固定表达 A good knowledge of electric circuits is required. A detailed discussion of this circuit is needed. 练习:现在我们开始讨论一下局域网(LAN)。 Now we begin to make a discussion of the local area network.
7) 请比较下列句中人名前冠词的用法 This equation is known as Ohm’s law. The Wien bridge(维恩电桥)is also useful as a frequency-selective network. 这个式子被称为欧姆定律。 维恩电桥也可用作频率选择网络。
General Introduction 1. 科技英语写作高级教程 秦荻辉编著 西安电子科技大学出版社2011 2. 精选科技英语阅读教程 Selected Readings in Scientific English 主编 秦荻辉 西安电子科技大学出版社 2008
科技英语写作教程 第一章 科技英语单句写作 第1章 词类 第2章 插入语，否定，时态，语态，形容词和 副词比较等级 第3章 动词非谓语形式 第4章 从句 第5章 虚拟语气 第6章 句子成分的强调 第7章 倒装 第8章 省略 第9章 分隔修饰
练习 1.这两个参数是相同的。 2.电感(inductance)的单位是亨利。 3.物质(substance)的密度(density)等 于其单位体积的质量(mass per unit volume) 。 1.The two parameters are the same. 2.The unit of inductance is the Henry. 3.The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume.
3. Nonlinear distortion can be caused by too large an input signal. 4. In a computer, the tendency is to operate at as high a clock rate as possible.
2. Tin does not have as ____________ as lead does.
1.It is necessary to find out how long a time is required for an electron to travel the length of the wire. 2.Tin does not have as high a melting point as lead (does).
连词
规律总结：并列连词and，but，及however， therefore，hence，thus，so等的用法：在 并列的最后两个成分之间一定要有连词；如 果有并列的名词性从句或定语从句时，引导 词一定要重复出现 Suppose that the field at each charge has the direction of the vector E but that it is not uniform. 现在假设在每个电荷处的电场具有矢量E的方 向，但这个场并不均匀。
4. 该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒。 The approach can be applied to onedimensional potential barrier with arbitrary profile. 5. 我们提出了一种基于牛顿迭代的数值方法。 We propose a kind of numerical method based on the Newton’s iterative method.
2）论文的标题前、书籍、图表名称中一般可以 省去冠词
先应秘密共享系统安全性的动态分析和评估(P.13) Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharing system 图1：安培表电阻对电路中的电流影响 Fig. 1 Effect of ammeter resistance on current in circuit
At last 和finally的区别： at last只能指时间位置，而不能指时间顺序， 在语义上指经过，周折，等待，耽搁后的 “最后，终于”得到所期待的结果。 finally 既可指时间位置（相当于at last和 in the end），也可指时间的先后顺序。 eg. Finally I’d like to thank you all for your coming . 最后我要感谢诸位的光临。（不 能用at last）
第二章 科技英语论文写作
yjs_ee 1 冠词和连词 I.冠词 1.应该加冠词的情况 __transmitter consists commonly of several parts. 单数可数名词前一般要有冠词，表示泛指时多用不定 冠词 Consider __ evaluation of ___ following integral around a closed contour C. (考虑一下对下面的积分绕闭合曲线C进行求值。) 对于前面已经提到的内容，心中特指的东西，带有后 置修饰语的名词（如果表示特指）前面应使用定冠词 注意：如果带有后置修饰语的名词不表示特指则前面 不使用冠词或使用不定冠词（见课本P.3）
改错练习 1.UASM协议采用了独特的帧结构。 The UASM protocol employs a unique frame structure. 2. 一种正交双循环码M元扩频接收机的性能分析。 Performance analysis of an M-ray spread spectrum receiver using biorthogonal cyclic codes. 3. 最后，用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器。 Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.
练习
1.必须求出一个电子通过这段导线需要多长 时间。 2.锡(tin)的熔点(melting point)没有铅(lead) 高。（用have as …as句型） 。 1.It is necessary to find out how _________ is required for ______ to travel the length of the wire.
b. Electronics belongs to a branch of physics. c. These two names are the same in meaning. d. A second approach is as follows. e. The unit of resistance is labeled the ohm. The unit of potential difference (电位差) is the volt.
练习 3. 输入信号(input signal)太大会引起非线性 失真（nonlinear distortion）。 Nonlinear distortion can be caused by _________________. 4.在计算机中，趋势（tendency）是以（at） 尽可能（as…as possible）高的时钟速率 （clock rate）工作（operate）。 In __ computer, the tendency is to operate at ____________________.