chapter 12英语翻译方法6.ppt

• Functional language teaching • Features: teach people what functions the
various linguistic forms fulfill, what language does, emphasis on fluency • Linguistic background: speech actБайду номын сангаас, SFL • Shortage: In what order should functions be taught? How to correspond functions to forms?
Two basic questions
• How should language be defined/constrained so that it will be possible to determine what to teach?
• How may language learning itself be characterized?
Introduction
• Definition the application of linguistic findings to
language teaching
• In this chapter, we will confine ourselves to the influence of linguistics on language teaching and language testing, leaving other areas for more advanced courses.
Language Teaching
• Other approaches • Total physical response to coordinate

• Here, the focus is on language learning
Language Teaching
• The grammar-translation method • Features: rote learning and application of
the learned rules in translation exercises both into and out of the new language; accuracy and huge glossaries • Linguistic background: prescriptive grammar, and sentence analysis • Shortage: ignorance of discourse level, oral fluency, and daily expression
Chapter 12
Applied Linguistics
• Once the teacher speaks, he is placed in the frame of language
• Observe the way teachers teach language, we know his/her view of language
approach in SLA
Testing
• Main types of language tests
·Achievement and proficiency tests ·Subjective and objective tests ·Discrete-point and integrative tests ·Criterion-referenced and norm-referenced tests ·Language aptitude tests ·Diagnostic tests

广告英语的翻译
• 总之，衡量广告翻译的优劣，主要看译文在多大 程度上体现了原文的宣传效果和表情、说服等功 能，多大程度上保留了原文的语言特色及神韵。 为此，翻译时选词上要力避生涩艰拗，造句上要 尽量简洁明快，修辞上要多保留原文辞格。译文 要注重整体把握，不为一词一句所限，要充分发 挥译者的主观能动性。此外，广告翻译还应充分 考虑中英两种语言间的文化差异。只有这样，才 能使译文体现原文的各项功能，为产品畅销打下 良好的基础。
商贸函电的翻译
• 下面是一份电传的主要部分及其参考译文： TKS F UR OFA BUT RGRTS UR PRICES TOO HIGH F OUR MKT， AS GDS OF JAPANESE MAKE WITH SimILAR DES R ON SALE HR AT MCH LOWER PRICES. IF U RDU UR PRICE BY 5PCT， V WL ODA 1000 SETS. PLS TAKE THIS MATTR INTO CONSIDERATION N RPL ASAP. RGDS.
商贸函电指经济贸易活动中的各类信函、电报、电传等。 其文体特征主要有： 1） 措词简洁明了。为使表达明晰，商贸函电在措词上力求 简明扼要，不太讲究修饰。 2） 用语正式庄重。正式庄重的语言常常显得诚恳、自然、 有礼貌，因此常用于商贸函电中。 3） 专业术语较多。如FOB（离岸价）、CIF （到岸价）、 settlement（理赔）、L/C（信用证）、AC（承兑）等。 4） 具有相对固定的格式。商贸函电格式相对固定，大体上 由以下六个部分组成： a. 信头（the heading） b. 信内地址（the inside address） c. 称呼（the salutation） d. 信文（the body） e. 结束语 （the complimentary close） f. 签名（the signature）

Language Teaching
• Situational language teaching • Features: language structures in social
context, new expression in relevant context • Linguistic background: London school,
approach in SLA
Testing
• Main types of language tests
·Achievement and proficiency tests ·Subjective and objective tests ·Discrete-point and integrative tests ·Criterion-referenced and norm-referenced tests ·Language aptitude tests ·Diagnostic tests
Introduction
• Definition the application of linguistic findings to
language teaching
• In this chapter, we will confine ourselves to the influence of linguistics on language teaching and language testing, leaving other areas for more advanced courses.
• Testing should never be allowed to override teaching in its importance.

Punctuation
• Punctuation can be potent, but is so easily
overlooked. We should make a separate comparative punctuation check on theients that belong neither to theme nor rheme are
transitional. The thematic elements are communicatively
less dynamic, therefore carry a smaller amount of CD than the rhematic elements.
Chapter 6
The Unit of Translation and Discourse Analysis
The general properties of a text
• the tone • the intention of the text • your own intention as a translator • the type of the text • the quality of the writing • the permanent features of the writer (dialect,
arrangement of the elements of a sentence in the light of its linguistic, situational and cultural context, determining its function within the paragraph and the text.

• Pri·Validity( content and construct) ·Reliability (test and score) ·Practicality
Summary
• As to language teaching approaches, all the approaches have their merits as well as demerits. A competent teacher should be one who knows when to use which one to whom for how long.
Language Teaching
• Communicative language teaching • Features: multi resources, language as
and for communication, help to build communicative competence • Linguistic background: multi facets of linguistics • Challenges: change in teacher role, learner role, materials, techniques, attitude
• Testing should never be allowed to override teaching in its importance.
• Here, the focus is on language learning
Language Teaching
• The grammar-translation method • Features: rote learning and application of

• Testing should never be allowed to override teaching in its importance.
• Functional language teaching • Features: teach people what functions the
various linguistic forms fulfill, what language does, emphasis on fluency • Linguistic background: speech acts, SFL • Shortage: In what order should functions be taught? How to correspond functions to forms?
Language Teaching
• The direct method • Features: sole use of the new language and
memorization of the language patterns presented orally, multimodal expression of language, short dialogues • Linguistic background: development of phonetics, to think in the new language • Shortage: no reading and writing, short of vocabulary, accuracy , not suitable for adults
Language Teaching
• Other approaches • Total physical response to coordinate

6.1 转换成汉语动词
❖ 词类转换是英汉翻译中不可或缺的变通手段， 是突破原文词性束缚、避免貌合神离的硬译死 译，使译文准确、通顺、易懂的有效方法。
❖并不意味着词类转换可以随心所欲，而必须遵 循忠实于原文意义、使译文自然流畅、通顺易 懂的原则。
6.1 转换成汉语动词
❖ 英语动词远比汉语动词用得少。一个英语句子 （单句）往往只用一个限定性动词作谓语，而 在一个汉语句子中却可以出现几个动词。
(41) Experts say this is actually a picture after
Picasso.
6.1.2 介词（与介词短语）转译成动词
❖ 此外，英语中不少的短语介词同样具有动作、 行为意义，这些短语介词汉译时，也往往转换 成动词。 (42) Before long his thoughts were centred on the use of air as the working fluid, instead of steam. (43) In view of human history this could be a slight enough hope.
LOGO
第 六 讲 翻译技巧（二）： 词类转换
❖ 在忠实于原文的前提下，根据译入语的行文习 惯，适当进行词类转换（即将原文中属于某种 词类的词译成译语的另一类词），能使译文通 顺达意、自然流畅。
(1) Those small factories are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of raw materials. 原译：那些小厂还是原材料极大的消耗者和浪费 者。
(14) The engine has given a constantly good performance.