电池指令(中文版)
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:411.16 KB
- 文档页数:20
2006/66/EC电池指令(中文)2006-66-EC电池指令(中文)欧洲议会和欧盟理事会2006年9月2日第2006/66/EC号关于电池及蓄电池、废弃电池及蓄电池以及废止91/157/EEC的指令欧洲议会和欧盟理事会注意到建立欧洲共同体条约,特别是其中第175(1)条和第95(1)条,注意到欧盟委员会的提案,注意到欧洲经济社会委员会的提案,注意到欧盟地区委员会的意见,按照欧洲共同体条约第251条所制定的程序以及协调委员会2006年6月22日通过的联合文本,鉴于:(1) 协调各国家跟电池及蓄电池、废弃电池及蓄电池有关的措施是有利的。
这个指令的主要目的是将电池及蓄电池、废弃电池及蓄电池对环境的影响减到最少,从而对保护、保存和改善环境指令做出贡献。
立法75(1)条。
然而,采取基于第95(1)条来协调与重金属含量及电池及蓄电池标识有关的措施也是合适的,目的是确保在欧洲共同体内部市场顺利实施,并避免内部的不正当竞争。
(2) 欧盟理事会通讯于1996年7月30公布的关于欧洲共同体废弃物处理策略综述为欧洲共同体未来的废弃物政策确立了指导方针。
通讯强调了减少废弃物中有害物质含量的必要性,指出在整个欧洲共同体范围内在产品及产品制造过程中限制使用这些有害物质规则的潜在好处。
通讯还说明既然废弃物的产生是不能避免的,那么废弃物应该在材料或能源上循环再利用。
(3) 欧洲议会1988年1月25日决议关于欧洲共同体抗击由镉引起的环境污染行动计划强调,为了保护人类健康和环境,镉控制的策略是限制镉的使用场合和收集、回收含镉电池。
(4) 欧洲议会1991年3月18日第91/157/EEC号关于含有某些有害物质的电池及蓄电池指令使一些成员国在这个领域制定了一些法律。
然而,指令的一些目的没有完全达到。
第1600/2002/EC号制定的第六个欧洲共同体环境行动计划决议和第2002/96/EC号关于电子电气设备废弃指令(WEEE)也强调91/157/EEC指令需要修改。
Guidelines to EnvironmentalBattery Marking in the European Union−These guidelines are intended as a tool to aid thebattery industry with certain marking requirements inthe new battery Directive No. 2006/66/EC whichMember States are required to transpose into nationallaw by 26 September 2008.− All batteries are required to be marked, either on thebattery or its packaging depending on size, with theseparate collection symbol.− Batteries containing mercury, cadmium and lead arealso required to be marked with their chemicalsymbol(s).− The producer placing batteries on the market isresponsible for fulfilling the marking requirements inaccordance to the provisions of the Battery Directive.April 2008DisclaimerThis document is intended to provide guidance on the marking requirements as foreseen by art.21 of the Battery Directive. The document is not a legally binding interpretation of the Battery Directive, and should therefore not be relied upon as legal advice. This document can be updated at any time without prior notice.1. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS1.1 IntroductionDirective 2006/66/EC on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators requires that all types of waste batteries and accumulators should be separately collected for recycling and that consumers should be informed about the heavy metals they contain.NB: The term battery, or batteries, used in this document means single cells or battery packs used as individual units.1.2 Batteries Covered by the EU Directive1.2.1 SymbolsAll batteries, accumulators and battery packs are required to be marked with the separate collection symbol (crossed-out wheeled bin) either on the battery or its packaging depending on size.In addition batteries, accumulators, battery packs and button cells should include the chemical symbol Hg when containing more than 0,0005% mercury, the chemical symbol Cd when containing more than 0,002% cadmium, the chemical symbol Pb when containing more than 0,004% lead. If the content is higher for more than one of the substances in question, all relevant chemical symbols have to be placed.The symbols can be placed on the existing colour background as long as they are visible, legible and indelible. The symbols can be attached as labels, by durable printing, or as a surface profile, either indented or as relief.1.3 Marking Dimensions – Separate Collection Symbol1.3.1 On BatteriesPrismatic shapes: The symbol; shall cover at least 3% of the area of the largest side of the battery, accumulator or battery pack, up to a maximum size of 5x5 cm. The symbol may be marked on any side.Cylindrical shapes: The symbol shall cover at least 1.5% of the battery surface area to amaximum of 5cm x 5cm.1.3.2 On PackagingWhere the size of the battery, accumulator or battery pack is such that the symbol would be smaller than 0.5cm x 0.5cm, the battery, accumulator or battery pack need not be marked but a symbol measuring 1cm x 1 cm shall be printed on the consumer packaging.1.4 Marking Dimensions – Chemical SymbolIrrespective of whether the separate collection symbol is on the product or on the packaging, the chemical symbol Cd, Hg or Pb must be placed beneath the separate collection symbol and be at least one quarter of the area of that symbol.Detailed dimensions of the symbols are available in the annex.2. INDUSTRY STANDARDS2.1 IntroductionThe following recommendations have been developed by the EPBA in cooperation with RECHARGE and EICTA to promote a standardised approach on marking related issues that are not clearly defined in Directive 2006/66/EC. Use of these standards are therefore entirely voluntary and at the discretion of the “producer”.2.2 Multiple Chemical SymbolsIn those cases where it is necessary to include more than one chemical symbol the format should be as indicated below. Dimensions of the separate collection symbol and the chemical symbols as required by the Directive should be followed.(Not to scale)Cells2.3 ButtonThe dimensions of a very limited number of button cell batteries are such that the separate collection symbol should be marked on the cell according to a strict reading of the Directive’s marking requirements in Art. 21.4.However this is not an effective method for informing consumers about separate collection for the following reasons:a. Button cells do not have a label on which the symbol could be printed sinceboth its ends are designed to act as electrical contacts. Application of anysubstances such as inks, etc could insulate the contact between the batteryand the appliance into which it is placed causing malfunction. As a result thesymbol would have to be engraved into the metal and this would not be easilyvisible to the consumer and be contrary to Art. 21.6 of the Directive.b. According to the IEC standards button cells should display the followinginformation on cell because of safety, performance and product liabilityissues:polarity "+" and "-" symbols (safety),chemistry and voltage (performance/fit for purpose),brand name (product liability).As a result the available space for the separate collection symbol is restricted. Placing the separate collection symbol, measuring 1cm x 1cm, on the packaging of all button cells will provide consumers with information about their proper disposal visibly, legibly and indelibly.Packs2.4 BatteryDirective 2006/66 defines ‘battery pack’ as “any set of batteries or accumulators that are connected together and/or encapsulated within an outer casing so as to form a complete unit that the end user is not intended to split up or open.”Art. 21.1 includes battery packs together with batteries and accumulators that have to be appropriately marked with the separate collection symbol. Since end users are not intended to come into contact with batteries inside a pack it is not necessary to place the separate collection mark upon them but instead to mark the pack according to the Directive’s requirements noted in section 1 above.2.5 Qualification of Separate Collection SymbolThe following recommendations have been developed for those producers wishing to advise non-EU markets that the separate collection symbol is relevant in the EU only.Location of the qualifier should be outside the boundaries of the symbol.Preferably the qualifier should be on top of the symbol. It should not be below because Directive 2006/66 reserves that space for chemical symbols.The qualifier could be used with the symbol either on battery label or on the battery’s packaging.The recommended qualifier is EU as shown in the following illustration:2.6 Batteries Incorporated into AppliancesArt. 11 of Directive 2006/66 requires that “manufacturers design appliances in such a way that waste batteries and accumulators can be readily removed.” However this requirement does not apply where “for safety, performance, medical or data integrity reasons, continuity of power supply is necessary and requires a permanent connection between the appliance and the battery or accumulator.” Finally the Directive requires “appliances into which batteries and accumulators are incorporated shall be accompanied by instructions showing how they can be removed safely.”2.6.1 Applications Exempted from Ready RemovabilityBatteries incorporated into appliances that are exempted from “readily removed” requirement of the Directive for safety, performance, medical or data integrity reasons, need not be marked with the separate collection and chemical symbols since end users are not expected to dispose of the battery separately from the appliance. Such batteries would be separated from the appliance during the treatment phase of the appliance as required under the WEEE Directive. In particular, this exemption should apply to button cells, memory back-up batteries and battery packs when those batteries/packs are supplied embedded (*) in the equipment.(*) where embedded means “not intended for replacement by the end user”.2.6.2 Applications Designed for Ready RemovabilityMarking of the separate collection and chemical symbols for batteries and accumulators that can be “readily removed” shall be as follows:•Where the size of the battery or accumulator is such that following the symbol size conditions noted under 1.3.1 above the symbol would not be smaller than 0.5 cm x0.5 cm, symbol(s) should be placed on the battery or accumulator.•Where the size of the battery or accumulator is such that the symbol would be smaller than 0.5cm x 0.5cm, the battery or accumulator should not be marked but a symbol measuring 1cm x 1 cm shall be printed either: 1) on the packaging of the appliance; 2) inside the instructions/manual.2.6.3 Instructions for Ready RemovabilityThe Directive requires that instructions for safe removal of batteries should be incorporated within its instructions for use. Instructions may be made available to the consumer on a separate leaflet or printed on the packaging.For further general information on marking guidelines, please contact:EPBA204, avenue Marcel Thiry1200 BrusselsBelgiumTel no +32/2 774 96 02Fax no +32/2 774 96 90Email: epba@RECHARGE aisblAve. de Tervueren, 168 B-3.B-1150 Brussels.Belgium.Tel. + 32 2 777 05 60Fax + 32 2 777 05 65E-mail : jpwiaux@ANNEXMARKING DIMENSIONS ACCOR ES FORSPECIFIC BATTERY SIZESThe following table has bee √A a = nominal symbol dimension ry curved surface eparate collection marking without chemical symbolDING TO EN 61429 AND EXAMPL n derived using formula: a ≥ 0.12 A = half batte area (cylindrical) or area of largest side (prismatic)SSeparate collection marking with chemical symbol。
电池指令电池指令电池由于含铅、镉、汞、酸、碱等污染物质,当其任意丢弃在环境中,随着时间推移外层金属的锈蚀,有害物质就会慢慢地从电池中溢出,进入环境,并通过生物链作用,直接或间接进入人体,并在人体内长期蓄积难以排出,从而损害神经、造血功能、免疫能力下降、肾脏和骨骼受害等。
因此,对废旧电池的收集与处置非常重要,如果处置不当,可能对生态环境和人类健康造成严重危害。
目前,电池潜在的污染已引起社会各界的广泛关注,世界上各国对电池产品采取的态度,除控制有害物质浓度外,主要以回收为主。
当前,越来越多的国家开始行动起来,制定和实施电池有害物质限制、废旧电池回收处理以及再生利用相关的政策和规定。
欧盟电池指令在欧洲,为达到更高的环保水平,欧洲标准化委员会(EC)引用了数项安全指令,加强控制在不同产品中的化学物质含量。
1991年3月18日,欧盟第91/157/EEC号《含有某些危险物质之电池和蓄电池》指令制定完成。
之后,欧盟委员会又于1999年1月5日公布了第98/101/EC号指令,该指令为第91/157/EEC号指令之修订版。
最近,欧盟委员会于2006年9月26日正式公告第2006/66/EC号《电池、蓄电池、废电池及废蓄电池》指令。
规定欧盟各国于2008年9月26日前将本指令转化为各国法律,并自2008年9月26日开始实施并同时废止原有的电池指令(91/157/EEC)及其修订条文(93/86/EEC和98/101/EEC),由单一项指令取代。
2006/66/EC是欧盟将推行一项与电池及蓄电池有关的新指令。
该指令旨在减少有害电池及蓄电池的产量,提高旧电池及蓄电池的回收、处理及循环再造率,以及向消费者提供资讯,鼓励他们购买较长寿和环保的电池。
电池指令与《报废电子电气设备指令》(WEEE)甚为相似,规定生产商须在有关部门登记,分销商有责任回收旧电池,以及每节电池或蓄电池须达到很高的循环再造率等。
此外,该指令要求电器的设计应能令电池易于拆除,以便消费者随时把旧电池交到回收点。
2006-66-EC 電池指令(中文)歐洲議會和歐盟理事會2006 年9 月2 日第2006/66/EC 號關於電池及蓄電池、廢棄電池及蓄電池以及廢止91/157/EEC 的指令歐洲議會和歐盟理事會注意到建立歐洲共同體條約,特別是其中第175(1)條和第95(1)條,注意到歐盟委員會的提案,注意到歐洲經濟社會委員會的提案,注意到歐盟地區委員會的意見,按照歐洲共同體條約第251 條所制定的程式以及協調委員會2006 年6 月22 日通過的聯合文本,鑒於:(1) 協調各國家跟電池及蓄電池、廢棄電池及蓄電池有關的措施是有利的。
這個指令的主要目的是將電池及蓄電池、廢棄電池及蓄電池對環境的影響減到最少,從而對保護、保存和改善環境指令做出貢獻。
立法依據是歐洲共同體條約第175(1)條。
然而,採取基於第95(1)條來協調與重金屬含量及電池及蓄電池標識有關的措施也是合適的,目的是確保在歐洲共同體內部市場順利實施,並避免內部的不正當競爭。
(2) 歐盟理事會通訊於1996 年7 月30 公佈的關於歐洲共同體廢棄物處理策略綜述為歐洲共同體未來的廢棄物政策確立了指導方針。
通訊強調了減少廢棄物中有害物質含量的必要性,指出在整個歐洲共同體範圍內在產品及產品製造過程中限制使用這些有害物質規則的潛在好處。
通訊還說明既然廢棄物的產生是不能避免的,那麼廢棄物應該在材料或能源上迴圈再利用。
(3) 歐洲議會1988 年1 月25 日決議關於歐洲共同體抗擊由鎘引起的環境污染行動計畫強調,為了保護人類健康和環境,鎘控制的策略是限制鎘的使用場合和收集、回收含鎘電池。
(4) 歐洲議會1991 年3 月18 日第91/157/EEC 號關於含有某些有害物質的電池及蓄電池指令使一些成員國在這個領域制定了一些法律。
然而,指令的一些目的沒有完全達到。
第1600/2002/EC 號制定的第六個歐洲共同體環境行動計畫決議和第2002/96/EC 號關於電子電氣設備廢棄指令(WEEE)也強調91/157/EEC 指令需要修改。
Params:参数Geometry:几何体Box: 立方体BRep: 边界表现形式Circle: 圆Circular Arc: 圆弧Curve: 曲线Geometry: 几何Line: 线Mesh: 网格面Plane: 平面Point: 点Surface: 表面Twisted box: 扭曲的立方体Vector: 矢量Primitive: 数据元素Boolean: 布尔型Colour: ARGB色彩Data: 数据Data Path: 数据分支Integer: 整型Interval: 区间Interval2: 二维区间Number: 双精度型浮点数Shader: 着色器String: 字符串型Time: 日期型Special: 专门的Bar Graph: 条形统计图Boolean Toggle: 布尔值切换器Colour Swatch: 色卡Custom Preview: 预览自定义Gradient: 多色彩渐变Graph Mapper:Number Slider: 数字滑动条Panel: 数据显示面板Param Viewer: 参数结构查看器Receiver: 数据接收器Logic 逻辑Boolean: 布尔运算Gate And: 并集Gate And Ternary: 三元并集Gate Majority:Gate Nand:Gate Nor:Gate Not:Gate Or:Gate Or Ternary:Gate Xnor:Gate Xor:List: 列表Dispatch: 分配(把一个列表中的项目分派到两个目标列表中)List Item: 清单项List Length: 列表长度(计算列表的长度)Null Item:空值(测试一个数据项是否无效)Reverse List: 反转列表Shift List: 移动列表Sort List: 分类列表Split List: 分拆列表Sub List: 次级列表(从一个列表中提取子集)Weave: 编排(使用自定义的式样编排输入流的设置)Script: 脚本DotNET C#Script: C#脚本DotNET VB Script: VB脚本F1 : 一元函数F2 : 二元函数F3 : 三元函数Variable Expression : 多元函数Sets: 集合Cull Nth : 选取元素(在列表中每n个选取元素)Cull Pattern : 选取图案(使用反复的掩码在列表中选取元素)Duplicate Date : 复制数据Fibonacci: 费班纳赛(创建一个费班纳赛序列)Jitter: 振动Random:Range: 范围Series: 数列Trees: 设计树Clean Tree: 清理设计树(把数据树中所有空项和无效数据清除掉)Create Branch: 创建分支(创建一个分支访问路径)Decompose Branch: 分解分支(分解分支访问路径)Flatten Tree: “夷平”设计树(把设计树中所有分支路径去除)Graft tree: 续接设计树Merge: 合并(把两个数据流合二为一)Merge Multiple: 合并多项(合并多个输入数据流为一个)Simplify Tree : 简化设计树(通过清除重复的可共享的分支简化设计树)Prune Tree: 修剪设计树(从设计树中去掉小的分支路径)Stream Filter: 数据流过滤器(过滤输入的数据流)Stream Gate: 数据流闸口(向一个指定的输出项重新传入数据流)Tree Branch: 设计树分支(从数据树中取回一个指定的分支)Tree Item: 设计树项目(从数据树中取回一个指定的项目)Scalar:标量Constants:常数:Epsilon: 艾普西龙(四舍五入双精度浮点数)Golden Ratio: 黄金分割比(1.618)Natural logarithm: 自然对数(2.718)Pi: 圆周率(3.14)Interval:区间:Bounds: 界限(围绕数字列表创建一个区间)Bounds 2D: 二维界限(围绕坐标列表创建一个二维的区间)Divide Interval: 均分区间Divide Interval2: 均分二维区间Interval: 区间Interval Components: 分解一维区间Interval2: 通过两个一维区间创建二维区间Interval2: 通过四个数字创建二维区间Interval2 Components: 分解一个二维区间到四个数字Interval2 Components: 分解一个二维区间到独立的一维区间Operators:运算符:Addition: 加法运算Division: 除法运算Equality: 等量代换Larger Than: 比较运算(大于)Modulus: 取模运算Multiplication: 乘法运算Power: 乘方运算Similarity: 近似运算Smaller Than: 比较运算(小于)Subtraction: 减法运算Polynomials:多项式:Factorial: 阶乘Log N: 求底数为N的对数Logarithm: 求10为底的对数Natural logarithm: 求以e为底的对数Power of 10: 10的乘方Power of 2: 2的乘方Power of E: E的乘方Trig:三角函数:ArcCosine: 反余弦函数ArcSine: 反正弦函数ArcTangent: 反正切函数Cosine: 余弦函数Sine: 正弦函数Tangent: 正切函数Util:公用:Mass Addition: 并集运算Maximum: 取最大值Mean: 取平均值Minimum: 取最小值Truncate:Vector:矢量:Colour: 色彩Add Colours : 颜色相加AHSV : 创建一个HSV色彩通道(浮点色彩)ARGB : 创建一个RGB色彩通道ARGB Fractional : 创建一个浮点RGB色彩通道Blend Colours : 混合色彩(在两个颜色中取插值)Create Shader : 创建OpenGL着色器Multiply Colours: 色彩倍增Split AHSV: 将颜色分解为HSV通道Split ARGB: 将颜色分解为RGB通道Subtract Colours: 减去颜色通道Constants: 常数:Unit X : 与X轴平行的矢量Unit Y : 与Y轴平行的矢量Unit Z : 与Z轴平行的矢量XY Plane : XY平面XZ Plane : XZ平面YZ Plane : YZ平面Plane:平面:Align Plane : 调整平面(执行最小的旋转调整平面到矢量指向)Align Planes :Plane : 在XY平面上创建一个平面Plane 3Pt : 过三点创建一个平面Plane Components: 把平面分解到其组成元素Plane Normal: 创建平面法线Rotate Plane : 绕Z轴旋转平面Point:点:Closest Point: 查找最近点Decompose : 把点分解到其组成元素Distance : 计算连个点坐标间的欧几里得距离Grid Hexagonal : 在每六个点之间生成六边形网格Grid Rectangular : 在点之间生成矩形网格Plane CP: 查找离平面最近的点Point Cylindrical: 在柱面坐标上创建点(角度,半径,标高)Point List: 点列表(显示坐标点的顺序列表)Point Oriented: 通过UVW坐标创建点Point Polar: 在球面坐标上创建点Point XYZ: 通过XYZ坐标创建点Pull Point: 把点拉至几何体Text Tag: 在rhino视图中创建文字标签Text Tag 3D: 在Rhino视图中创建三维文字标签Vector:矢量:Amplitude : 振幅(设置矢量的振幅)Angle : 角度(计算两个矢量间的夹角)Cross Product : 矢量叉积Decompose: 把矢量分解到其组成元素Dot Product: 矢量点积(计算连个矢量的数量积)Multiply: 执行矢量和标量的乘法运算Reverse: 矢量反向Summation: 求矢量的和Unit Vector:Vector 2Pt: 在两点间创建矢量Vector Length: 计算矢量的振幅Vector XYZ: 通过XYZ创建矢量Curve:曲线:Analysis:分析:Center: 查找圆或圆弧的圆点和半径Closed: 测试一条曲线是闭合的还是周期性的Curvature: 曲率(在指定的部位上评估一条曲线的曲率)Curvature Graph: 曲率图表(绘制Rhino的曲率图表)Curve CP: 在曲线上查找离指定点最近的点Curve Frame: 曲线骨架(在指定的部位上得到曲率骨架)Discontinuity: 不连续(沿曲线找出所有不连续点)End Points: 提取曲线端点Evaluate Curve: 评估曲线(在指定的部位上评估曲线)Evaluate Length: 评估长度(根据长度上一个特定的因子评估曲线,长度因子可以由曲线单元和法线单元提供,可以通过改变N参数来切换这两种模式)Explode: 炸开(把曲线分解到其组成元素)Horizontal Frame: 水平框架(在曲线上一个特定部位获取一个水平基准的框架)Length: 计算曲线长度Perp Frame: 垂直框架(在曲线上一个特定部位获取一个垂直基准的框架)Planer: 测试曲线平面性Division:分割:Curve Frames: 生成一系列等距曲线骨架Divide Curve: 等长度分割曲线Divide Distance: 用预设距离的点分割曲线Divide Length: 用预设长度分割曲线Hortzontal Frames: 产生一系列等位等高的曲线骨架Perp Frames: 用一系列垂直方向的等位骨架分割曲线Shatter: 按分段数打碎曲线Primitive:基本曲线:Arc: 圆弧(由基准面、半径、角度区间决定)Arc 3Pt: 过指定三点的圆弧Arc SED: SED圆弧(由起点、终点、切线矢量决定)BiArc: Bi曲线(由端点和切线决定)Circle : 圆(由指定平面和半径决定)Circle 3Pt: 过三个定点的圆Circle CNR: CNR圆(由圆心、旋转轴、半径决定)Ellipse : 椭圆(由指定平面和两个焦点决定)Line : 两点确定的线段Line SDL : SDL线段(由起点、正切方向、长度决定)Polygon : 多边形Rectangle: 矩形Spline:样条曲线:Bezier Span: 贝塞尔曲线Curve: 控制点曲线Curve On Surface: 创建一个在指定曲面上的内插点曲线Interpolate: 内插点曲线Iso Curve: ISO曲线(从曲线上提取的uv曲线)Kinky Curve: 混合式曲线(贝赛尔角点控制曲线)Poly Arc: 复合弧线(由圆弧和线段拼接而成)Poly Line: 复合线(连接各点组成的折线段)Sub Curve: 子曲线(从一条基本曲线上获得)Util:公用:Fillet: 接触点圆角Fillet Distance: 断点圆角Flip: 翻转曲线Join Curves: 结合曲线Offset: 偏移曲线Project: 投射曲线到复合曲面上(BRep曲面集合,即Rhino中的多重曲面)Surface:曲面:Analysis:分析:Box Components: 立方体元素(把立方体分解到其组成元素)Box Corners: 提取立方体角点BRep Area: 计算BRep(边界表示)的面积BRep Components: 把BRep(边界表示)分解到其组成元素BRep CP: 在BRep(边界表示)上查找离指定点最近的点BRep Volune: 计算BRep(边界表示)的体积BRep Wireframe: 提取BRep(边界表示)物体的线框Dimensions : 尺寸Evaluate Box: 在UVW空间评估一个立方体Evaluate Surface: 在UV坐标系上评估局部曲面特性Osc Circles: 圆上接触点(在指定的UV坐标系上计算出圆周上和曲面的交点)Principal Curvature: 助率(在指定的UV坐标系上计算出曲面的主曲率)Surface CP : 在曲面上查找离指定点最近的点Surface Curvature: 表面曲率在(指定的UV坐标系上计算出曲面的曲率)Trim Inclusion : 测试被修剪部分以内的UV点Freeform:自由曲面:4Point Surface: 由四点创建曲面Extrude: 沿矢量方向拉伸曲线或曲面Extrude Linear: 沿笔直路径拉伸曲线或曲面Extrude Point: 把曲面或曲线拉伸到指定点Loft: 沿界面曲线方向Offset: 定量偏移曲面Pipe: 沿轨道产生管状曲面Planar Srf: 从一系列边界曲线生成平坦面Rail Revolution: 通过绕轨道旋转生成曲面Revolution: 通过旋转生成曲面Sum Surface: 通过两条边界线生成曲面Surface From Point: 通过网格点生成nurbs曲面Sweep1 : 单轨扫描曲面Sweep2 : 双轨扫描曲面:\Users\JONES\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wpsB925.tmp.pngPrimitive:基本曲面:Bounding Box: 边界立方体(边界范围由需要被包含的集合体决定)Box 2Pt: 空间上两点决定的立方体Box Plane: 创建与一个矩形所在平面相匹配的立方体Center Box: 在平面的中心点创建立方体Cone: 圆锥体Cylinder: 圆柱体Interval Box: 由基准面和边长创建一个立方体Plane Srf: 平面Sphere: 球体Util:公用:Brep Join: 结合Brep(复合曲面)Cap Holes: 封闭所有Brep形(复合曲面)的平面开口Copy Trim: 复制修剪数据(将UV修剪数据从一个曲面复制到另一个)Divide Surface: 产生UV网格点分割曲面Flip: 翻转曲面法线Isotrim: 等参修剪(在曲面上提取由等参线分割的子集)Retrim: 再修剪(基于其它曲面的三维修剪数据)Surface Frames: 曲面框架(在曲面表面生成UV框架网格)Untrim: 撤销修剪(移除曲面上的所有切割线)Mesh:网格面:Primitive:基本网格面:Mesh: 网格面Mesh Box: 网格面立方体Mesh Plane: 网格平面Mesh Quad: 四边形网格Mesh Sphere: 网格球体Mesh Triangle: 三角面网格Triangulation:三角细分关系:Mesh BRep: 创建一个与现有BRep几何体相似的网格面Mesh Surface: 网格表面Settings (Custom): 描绘自定义网格设置Settings (Quality): 描绘高质量光滑曲面设置Settings (Speed): 快速描绘不带抗锯齿的曲面设置Util:公用:Face Components: 分解一个单元网格面到其组成元素Mesh Components: 分解一个网格面到其组成元素Mesh Paint: 指派一个反复的色彩图案到网格面物体Intersect:交集:Boolean:布尔:Region Difference: 差集(适用于平面闭合曲线)Region Intersection: 交集(适用于平面闭合曲线)Region Union: 并集(适用于平面闭合曲线)Solid Difference: 实体差集(适用于BRep形)Solid Intersection: 实体交集(适用于BRep形)Solid Union: 实体并集(适用于BRep形)Mathematical:数学:BRep | Line: 处理复合曲面和线段的交集问题BRep | Plane: 处理复合曲面和平面的交集问题(计算剖面)Curve | Line: 处理曲线和线段的交集问题Curve | Plane: 处理曲线和平面的交集问题Line | Plane: 处理平面和线段的交集问题Plane | Plane: 处理平面和平面的交集问题(计算面面交线)Plane | Plane | Plane: 处理三个平面的交集问题Surface | Line: 处理曲面和线段的交集问题Physical:物理:BRep | BRep: 处理两个复合曲面的交集问题BRep | Curve: 处理复合曲面和曲线的交集问题Curve | Curve: 处理曲线和曲线的交集问题Surface | Curve: 处理曲面和曲线的交集问题Region:区域:Split with BRep: 用复合曲面分割曲线Split with BReps: 用多个符合曲面分割曲线Trim with BRep: 用复合曲面修剪曲线Trim with BReps: 用多个符合曲面修剪曲线Trim with Region: 用一个范围修剪曲线Trim with Regions: 用多个范围修剪曲线XForm:变换::\Users\JONES\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wpsB986.tmp.png Affine:仿射:Orient Direction: 指定方向Project: 将物体映射到平面Scale: 缩放物体(所有方向均匀缩放)Scale NU: 非均匀缩放物体Shear : 扭曲(按矢量扭曲方向扭曲变换物体)Shear Angle: 角度扭曲(按倾斜角度扭曲物体)Euclidian:欧几里得:Mirror: 镜像Move: 移动Orient: 转向(将几何体从一个坐标系重映射到另一个坐标系)Rotate: 旋转(在平面内旋转物体)Rotate Axis: 绕轴旋转物体Morph:变形:Blend Box: 在两个平面间建立立方体Box Morph: 扭曲立方体Camera Obscura: 针孔照相机Mirror Curve: 以自由曲线为基准镜像Mirror Surface: 以自由曲面为基准镜像Surface Box: 在曲面块上创建扭曲立方体Surface Morph: 将几何体变形到曲面UVW坐标系Twisted Box: 利用角点创建扭曲立方体。
Battery 电池指令检测-指令2006/66/EC 检测要求
1. 电池中汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)元素的使用受到高度关注:
- 纽扣电池中汞(Hg)的含量不超过2%,其他电池中汞(Hg)不超过0.0005%; - 电池中镉(Cd)的含量不超过0.002%;
- 上述限量要求不适用于以下四类用途的电池:
- 报警或应急系统(含应急灯)中的电池;
- 医疗设备中使用的电池;
- 无绳电动工具中的电池(直到2010年9月再重新评估该豁免项); - 用于军事、国家安全或将被发射入太空的专用电池; 2. 电池的标识
- 表明电池需分类回收的带叉垃圾桶标志;
- 汞(Hg)的含量超过0.0005%、镉(Cd)的含量超过0.002%以及铅(Pb)的含量超过0.004%的电池需在垃圾桶标志下方注明对应元素符号及其含量
- 电池类型、安全的安装及拆解方法说明
3. 电池回收
- 回收前处理最少包括去掉电池中所含有的任何液体或酸性物质
- 回收率需满足要求:65%--铅酸废电池;75%--镍镉废电池;50%--其他废旧电池;
注:电池类产品如果符合了电池指令,则不需重复符合RoHS 指令(附图:电池垃圾桶标志
)。