英式发音规则(B B C：蒂姆英音课堂)
英式发音规则（BBC：蒂姆的英音课堂）
一、弱读 Weak Forms（重点掌握：schwa音/ə/ ）
1. a piece of cake
a, of : /ə/ --schwa音（used in many gramma words, like articles and prepositions）
eg: I like a cup of tea in the morning.
Could you give me a packet of biscuits?
Can you give it to me?
I had an apple for lunch today.
2. and (basic conjunction, frequently unstressed)
strong: /ænd/ weak: /ən/ or /n/
Fish and chips fish ‘n’ chips
eg: I’m going to go and get the shopping.
Apples and oranges are my favourite fruits.
I’ve been thinking and thinking, but I can’t decide.
We went for a coffee and something to eat.
3. was: /wɒz/; unstressed /wəz/
were: /wɜː/; unstressed /wə/
eg: I was there when it happened.
He was feeling much better last night.
We were having a good time until it rained.
We were delighted with the results.
4. have to (modal form 情态动词“have”)
strong: / hæv tuː / ; weak: /hæf tə/
eg: They have to be there by ten.
We have to find another flat.
You have to tell me the gossip.
I always have to take the train.
have ( auxiliary助动词“have”)
辅音+ have：have 的发音省略/h/，元音变schwa音弱读为/əv/
I’d have stayed home. → I’d’ve stayed home.
eg: Your parcel should have been delivered yesterday.
I would have done it differently.
We might have made a mistake.
The police have arrived.
在句中，辅音结尾+“h”开头的代词, “h”不发音 (代词: he, him, his, her) eg：He looks like he’s had an accident.
I really like his cooking.
We think he’s left the country.
They let him leave early.
They offered her a promotion.
5. can (modal auxiliary 情态助动词)
strong: /kæn/ weak: /kən/ (also written as /kn/)
eg: Can you help me bring in the shopping, please?
I can swim further than I can run.
You can succeed if you work hard.
How far can you throw a tennis ball?
6. been
strong: /biːn/ weak: /bɪn/
eg: I’ve been in London since 2015.
I have been working here for several years.
How long have you been waiting?
It’s been years since I went to the cinema.
7.from
strong /frɒm/（句末） weak /frəm/ （句中弱读）
eg: I borrowed it from my brother.
I read the book from cover to cover.
The nearest post office is not far from here.
Come over any time from seven o'clock.
二、语音同化 Assimilation
1. /t/ + /p/ → almost(mouth shape)/p/ + /p/
white piece of paper
eg: There are lots of great parks in London.
I love split pea soup.
I hate potatoes/
My mate picked us up from the airport.
2. /t/ +/k/ （元音+/t/）+/k/开头的词时，/t/发音为/k/（mouth shape）
credit card
eg: Don’t let it get cold!
You have to do it quickly.
There’s no short cut learning a language.
I didn’t like that cake.
3. /t/ + /j/ → /tʃ/
meet y ou /mi:t/ /ju:/ → /miːtʃu:/
eg: That shirt won’t sui t you.
Don’t you want to come to the party?
I bet y our boss doesn’t know.
Can I get you anything?
4. /d/ +/j/ → /dʒ/
would you /wʊd/ /ju:/ → /wʊdʒu:/ 甚至有时/u:/会弱读schwa音：/wʊdʒə/ eg: I’m sad you decided to quit.
Could you get here by midnight?
Should you see him, can you give him a message?
I don’t think the gold you brought was real.
5. -d- to -ɡ- 当/d/+/ɡ/或/k/, /d/发音为/ɡ/ (mouth shape)
bad girl /bæd/ /ɡɜːl/→/bæ ɡɜːl/
eg: He’s a really good cook.
Last night we had guests for dinner.
Can you print out a hard copy?
I’d love to walk down the red carpet one day.
6. /d/ + /b/ （元音+/d/）+/b/开头的词时，/d/发音为/b/（mouth shape）
speed boat
eg: My son is a really good boy.
I’m sorry if I was rude before.
My car had to be towed back to the garage.
You should buy him a present.
7. /s/ +/j/或/ʃ/时，/s/发音为/ʃ/（mouth shape）
Bless you /bles/ /ju:/ → /bleʃu:/
this shirt /ðɪs/ /ʃɜːt/→/ðɪʃɜːt/
eg: Can you just shut the door, please? /t/在辅音间不发音，/s/ +/ʃ/→/ʃ/
This yachat is beautiful.
Don’t worry, that’s usual.
He always makes you feel good.
8. 以/n/结尾的词+以/b/ /p/ /m/ /w/开头的词时，/n/音会变为/m/的口型，因为嘴巴在为下一个音做准备
Green Park /ɡriːn/ /pɑːk/→/ɡriːm pɑːk/
eg: I own ten pairs of socks.
He didn’t do it on purpose.
I would love to live in Paris.
Can you come on Wednesday?
三、省略音 Elision
1. Elision of -t-
I can’t do it. /t/音处于两个辅音之间时，通常不发音
eg: I can’t stand the rain.
It must be time to leave.
Am I the first person here?
I don’t want it.
2. Elision of -d-
boiled potatoes /d/处于两个辅音之间，通常不发音
eg: My best friend let me borrow his car.
Don’t hol d back—say what you mean.
His bike rolled down the hill without him.
四、省略+同化 Elision and Assimilation
1. “nd” → /m/
sandwich /ˈsæn.wɪtʃ/ → /sæmwɪtʃ/
d位于俩辅音之间，省略（2）；/n/ +/w/→/m/+/w/，同化（8）；
eg: My grandparents have been married for 50 years.
I got a standby ticket.
The band played until midnight.
I left my handbag on the train.
五、连锁音 Catenation
1. Consonant-vowel linking辅音+元音连读（中间不停顿，读成一个词）
an egg
eg: He’s in the garden.
I used to believe in Father Christmas, but not any more.
I had to give up jogging.
He had it in his office.
六、连接音 Linking
1. Linking –r- 拼写中/r/在单词中不发音，后面跟辅音/r/也不发音，但后面跟元音时，加上/r/音
war /wɔːr/
War and Peace /wɔː rən piːs/
eg: You know I really like my mother-in-law.
Have you been to the Tower of London?
You’ve got something in your eye.
Never again.
2. Linking -w- : 以/u:/结尾的单词，下一单词以元音开头时，加连接音/w/ （不是一个完整的音，是从/u:/到元音时必然的嘴型）
The shoe is on the wrong foot. /ʃuːwɪz/
eg： When do I have to be there?
I haven’t got a cl ue at all.
That glue is really strong.
I re ally can’t d o it.
3. Linking -j- : 以/aɪ/ /iː/ /eɪ/ /ɔɪ/ 结尾的词+以元音开始的词，加连接音/j/, （不是一个完整的音，是发音时必然的嘴型）
I always drink a glass of water.
eg: When I go on holiday I just want to lie on the beach.
The end of the film was brilliant.
I ate the whole cake in one go.
It was too high up for me to reach.
冠词“the”的两种发音
the + 辅音开头的词 weak: /ðə/ eg: the bus, the man, the river
the + 元音音素开头的词strong: /ðiː/ 同时以/iː/结尾的词+元音开始的词，加连接音/j/
eg: I prefer the orange one.
In a restaurant, I always order the apple pie.
I think the autumn is the best time of year.
The earlier I get up, the happier I am.
It’s the one over there.
七、插入音“r” Intrusion -r- （部分口音，存在争议）
1. law /lɔː/ 以/ɔː/结尾的词，后面跟元音时可插入一个/r/音连读，/r/的发音不强law and order / lɔː rænd ɔː.dər/
eg: Can you draw a circle freehand?
My dog hurt its paw on some broken glass.
There was a flaw in the argument.
I saw a good film last night.
八、孪生音（重叠音） Twinning or Gemination
1. /s/+/s/ 以/s/结尾+/s/开头，把两个音连在一起，发一个稍长一点的音
He looks sad.
eg: She’s silly.
He’s sitting over there.
Can you come this Saturday?
That’s so unfair.
2. /t/+/t/ 读以（元音+/t/）+/t/开头的词，两个/t/连在一起变成一个强一点的/t/ * 辅音+t+t(辅音)时，中间的t省略读音（参见省略1）
It takes two to tango.
eg: It took him twenty years to get to the top.
You don’t have to cheat to pass the test.
You were right to be upset.
We took the overnight train to Venice.
九、爆破音 Plosives /b/ /p/ /d/ /t/ /g/ /k/
1. 爆破音结尾+辅音字母开头：非爆破停顿 unreleased stop (a stop with no audible release)
eg: How about a quick chat?
You should thank her.
It was a sad time in his life.
Why don’t you sit down?
Features of connected speech
1.Schwa /ə/
2.Elision (sounds disappear)
3.Catenation & intrusion ( sounds link)
4.Assimilation & weak forms (sounds change)。
