跨文化交际实训Chapter 4 Cultural Values35页文档

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CONTENTS
I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study:
culturally loaded words cultural reflections on proverbs
taboos
differences in cultural thought
patterns
III. Summary IV. Assignments
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I. Warm-up cases
Case 1. Shoes for Street Walking Question : Why did the Italian shop owner
make such a blunder?
Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit.
• Group Work 1.红糖 2.红茶 3.眼红 4.开门红 5.红白喜事
1. brown sugar 2. black-tea 3. green-eyed 4. to begin well, to make a good start 5. weddings and funerals
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1. 清白
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• 9) I got some black looks from the shopkeeper when I cancelled my order. • 10) When I’m feeling blue, all I have to do is take a look at you, and then I’m not so blue • 11) Don’t tell me any white lie to make me feel good • 12) It may cost over a week to go through all the red tape to get permission

c. Mainstream psychology and related disciplines have traditionally treated belief as if it were the simplest form of mental representation and therefore one of the building blocks of conscious thought.
Two components in a belief
• The concept of belief presumes a subject (the believer) • an object of belief (the proposition).
The formation of belief
• 1. We tend to internalise the beliefs of the people around us during childhood. • 2. People may adopt the beliefs of a charismatic leader, even if those beliefs fly in the face of all previous beliefs, and produce actions that are clearly not in their own selfinterest.
• B. Values are hidden. We do not see them as they exist in our sub-consciousness. We are not always aware of them, but we make judgments according to them.

人际取向 18
2.2 Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s five value orientations (P74)
oriantation Basic values
Human Nature
Basically Evil
Relationship Man
of Humankind subjugated by
Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Variability Individualism Vs Collectivism
Uncertainty Avoidance
Power Distance
Edward T Hall’s Context - Culture
Theory
High-Context
3)) Values are a learned organization of rules for making choices and for resolving conflicts.
1.3 Values
4) Hofstede: Values are “a broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others”. E.g.
1.1 Perception
1.2 Beliefs 1.3 Values
2. Cultural Patterns
1. 1 What is perception?
• Perception is primary in the study of intercultural communication, because our information about and knowledge of our physical and social world are mediated(传 达 )by perceptual processes. Our perceptions give meaning to all those external forces: symbols, things, people, ideas, events, ideologies and faith.

1.1 Perception
1.2 Beliefs 1.3 Values 2. Cultural Patterns
1. 1 What is perception?
• Perception is primary in the study of intercultural communication, because our information about and knowledge of our physical and social world are mediated(传 达 )by perceptual processes. Our perceptions give meaning to all those external forces: symbols, things, people, ideas, events, ideologies and faith.
1.3 Values
1)A Value is an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to another. 2)Values are shared ideas about what is true, right, and beautiful which underline cultural patterns and guide society in response to the physical and social environment.‖ (Nanda &Warms) 3)) Values are a learned organization of rules for making choices and for resolving conflicts.

• At the core of any culture's deep structure are its social organizations (or social institutions).
➢Lessons about life and ways for living that life ➢It's based on cooperation
CHAPTER 1
Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Challenge?
• Societies around the globe have been interwoven into a complex fabric of interdependent economic, technological, political, and social relationships.
CHAPTER 2
The Deep Structure of Culture: Roots of Reality
CHAPTER 2 - The Deep Structure of Culture: Roots of Reality
• The deep structure of culture is the unconscious assumptions about how the world operates. It makes each culture unique, and explains how and why of a culture's collective action.

4.6 Ethnocentric Judgments
• The judgments that people make about each other are often ethnocentric. • “Normal” and “correct” often mean what is “normal” and “correct” in one’s own culture.
• One way to determine whether a culture favors a direct or indirect style in communication is to find out how the people in that culture express disagreement or how they say, “No”.
• talking about emotional issues and feelings • making suggestions, giving criticism, expressing ideas in workplace
4.5 Cross-Cultural Implications
• Many American in the business world do not realize that a large percentage of the world’s cultures value indirectness (e.g. Latin American / Asia…).
Deborah Tannen
EX: Russian, Italian, Greek, Spanish, South American, Arab, African
“high considerateness” conversation styles

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CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Dominant Culture
Co-Cultures
• It's the one in power -
• They are numerous.
control.
• Distinct and unique
• Meanwhile, aging population in more developed countries – Could bring more communication issues between older generations and younger generations (this can be treated as co-culture).
ethnic background, age, sex,
media, monetary systems,
or other factors.
etc.
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• We learn our culture through proverbs
– Offer an important set of instructions
Our goal in this class is to answer some of the following questions: • Why do we often uncomfortable when encountering people who are different from yourself? • Why do people from different cultures behave in ways that seem strange to you? • How do cultural differences influence communication? • Which cultural differences are important and which are inconsequential? • Why is it difficult to understand and appreciate cultural difference?

/Situation
Title +Surname
Neutral Relationship Surname +Title
/Situation
Title +Surname Given Name
Close Relationship /Informal Situation
Given Name
Given Name
III. Apologizing
• When to apologize • Who to apologize • How to apologize and how to respond
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[Case 1] A calls B, but B doesn’t answer the Conversation 1 cal l A: Why didn’t you take upitmhe mphoenedjiuast tneowl?y. Compare the f o l l o w i n g t wo B: I just came in. I was in the office downstairs. c o n ve r s a ti ons . A: Sorr y, I should have phoned your office first.
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I. Addressing
• A: Teacher Liu, could you come over to our par ty this Saturday? • A: Manager Smith, could I schedule your presentation on our new design for Friday
• Jennifer: I am really sorry for all this. • 此种情景若发生在一个中国家庭？……

Chapter Four
Verbal Communication
What is language?
• A language is a symbolic code of communication consisting of a set of sounds (phonetics) with understood meanings and a set of rules (grammar) for constructing messages.
Are they the same?
• “爱人” （lover) • “玩” （play) • “知识分子” (intellectual) • “农民”（peasant） • “小姐” （miss） • “同志” （comrade）
Case 1 Is 龙 a dragon?
Huang Guangqin studies in America. One day she had a chat with her hostess Susan about family relationships and child-raising.
language and culture
• Language is a reflection of culture, and culture is a reflection of language.
• Culture influences language by way of symbols and rules for using those symbols, as well as our perceptions of the universe (the meaning associated with the symbols).