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普陀区2016学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：I.本试卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
第1-20小题，第31-70小题，均由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第21-30小题，第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one wordthat best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. ?Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,? the report says.?Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWFInternational.The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide anassessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% s ince 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to thefragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.?The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28)________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which arethreatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, someconservationists say there is still hope. ?One of the things that I think is themost important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,? said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London. ?On the whole, (30) ________are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.?Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordcan be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. contributeB. flowsC. fundamentalD. laysE. notesF. outlineG. reflect H. respectively I. shared J. serve K. uncertainlyLeadership Traits（特质）My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tendto ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork,cooperation, and partnerships. In my e xperience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of theirteams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy andenthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts andminds of the men and women y ou lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures likechoosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and indivi dual goals, which will allow youto lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listeningand learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these threebasic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities oftrustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ asbig heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because itis an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ thewinning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves.It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem t o be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as bigheroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is anaggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winningboxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have towear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from headinjuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of beingknocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxerhas never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I thinkit would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in oursociety . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, Cand D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letterswritten by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to bebeautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it .When t hey mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on its creator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swearsto track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave riseto the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through thecharacter of Victor Frankenstein , ? He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .? Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet PercyShelly , were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature . Romancism wasa reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . TheRomantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. ToShelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also considered one of thefirst major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human r elationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment wasan era of literary discovery .59. What effect did ? F rankenstein? have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fictionwriting60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someoneelse.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligiblefor a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Phone Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes outto dinner with friends , he plays something, called the ? phone stack? game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at theirdevice before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue toburrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glassthreaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .?Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,? Lesley M. M. Blume , a New Y ork writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .? The expectation thatwe must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a realobstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. ? Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tinthat Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. ? If my phonesis buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . ?, said Ms. Holley , who l ives in a row house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .?It’s not something I want my kid to see.? Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.?I don’t want to sleep next to something that is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,? said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phoneplugged in the living room overnight .??It definitely is a head clearer anddescribes daytime and sleep time clearly .?Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphoneoverusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is alighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . Thegame gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the ? phone stack? game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device athome ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why d oes the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easilySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.?Any apple today ??, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed herto her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing inthe world I lacked just them .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar ofpeaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had madewhile running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someonepoorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .? Here , darling , ? I said , ? is what I owe you ,? _____________? Give it back as I gave it toyou -----a little at a time.?? I think she believed there was magic in the slowdischarge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled .So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in heartsthat have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in NewMexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how t he buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One t heory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great housesas earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies.In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been livingfor centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be storedfor long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supplyof food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to onehouse, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed bya pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing asurprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted asevidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the mealshad been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other NativeAmerican cultures.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words givenin the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
2017年上海普陀区高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷一、单词填空1、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第21~30题10分2018~2019学年上海杨浦区上海市杨浦高级中学高二上学期期中第21~30题10分(每题1分)Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth's wild vertebrates （脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in largepart1（blame） for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, theworld2（lose） two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. "Sadly, there is no sign yet3this rate will decrease, " the report says."Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge, " says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world's wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics andsurveys4（carry） out by conservation groups. They thenanalyzed5the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularly strongdeclines6the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way thatwater7（use） and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example."The report also highlighted other species, such as Africanelephants,8have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.9all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. "One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct, " said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London. "On the whole,10are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline."二、选词填空2、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第31~40题10分Leadership Traits（特质）My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tendto1 a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three2traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasmfor3goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and4the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion（共情）You can't forget that organizational success5from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you'd like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sendingpersonal6can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people's needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and7to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of8employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and9the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to10, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.三、完形填空3、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第41~55题Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently1boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are2as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it3because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can4the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a5themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot showtheir6in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a7side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers8have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with9consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out inthe10. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain11,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in12of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was13to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , peoplelike14sports , and so do I , but I thinkthat15other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.A. broadcastB. coverC. hostD. designA. keptB. individualC. thoughtD. treatedA. appealingB. subjectiveC. violentD. challengingA. pick upB. believe inC. identify withD. long forA. winnerB. spectatorC. inspectorD. trainerA. ambitionB. aggressionC. energyD. strengthA. positiveB. indifferentC. deadlyD. negativeA. otherwiseB. somehowC. evenD. barelyA. dramaticB. eye-catchingC. emotionalD. specialA. courtB. ringC. pitchD. yardA. lossB. drainC. damageD. disorderA. favourB. processC. chargeD. powerA. shiftedB. transformedC. givenD. deliveredA. competitiveB. quietC. cooperativeD. regularA. invadingB. insultingC. teasingD. hitting四、阅读理解4、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模（A篇）第56~59题FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly—it's been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister, as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole. On the way, he meets Victor Frankenstein, who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster. The monster doesn't actually have a name. Anyway, Victor is a scientist who's desperate to discover the secret of life. After years of study, he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life. Victor intends it to be beautiful. Unfortunately, the creature turns out really hideous, and Victor runs away in terror. Although the monster is good and kind, humans are scared of it. When they mistreat it, the monster becomes angry and evil. Wanting revenge on its creator, the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein's brother, his wife, and his best friend. When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths, he swears to track it down and kill it.This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason, and gave rise to the scientific method. Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein, " He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist—he pursues knowledge at any cost, and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him, as well as his friends and family." Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science, but not Mary Shelley. She and her husband, poet Percy Shelly, were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature. Romancism was a reaction against the Enlightenment's embrace of rationality and reason. The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality,and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature. Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley, Frankenstein doesn't fear and respect the world of nature enough—she says that by tempering with nature, he brings about complete disaster. Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel. It's also considered one of the first major works of science fiction. It influences a whole generation of writers, and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.(1) Which of the following is closest in the meaning to 'hideous' in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome(2) What is Victor Frankenstein's fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship(3) How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an eraof literary discovery .(4) What effect did "Frankenstein" have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing5、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第60~62题(1) If you are a 22-year-old nurse, you can apply for the railcard without.A. the signature of your directorB. $ 28C. application formD. passport-sized photos(2) The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travelat.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March(3) Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn't have your name signed, it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train, you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network, they must pay the full fare.6、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模（C篇）第63~66题The 'Phone Stack（堆）' Game Whenever Michael Carl, the fashion market director at Vanity Fair, goes out to dinner with friends, he plays something, called the " phone stack" game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill. As smartphones continue to burrow（钻入） their way into our lives, and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further, overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks."Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need, " Lesley M. M. Blume, a New York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home." The expectation that we must always be available to employers, colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time. But that private time is more important than ever."Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home, where urgent e-mails from co-workers, texts from friends, Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox, like the milk tin that Brandon Holley, the former editor of lucky magazine, uses." If my phones is buzzing or lighting up, it's still a distraction, so it goes in the box."said Ms. Holley, who lives in a row house in Red Hook, Brooklyn, with her son, Smith, and husband, John." It's not something I want my kid to see." Sleep is a big factor, which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom." I don't want to sleep next to something that is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails, " said Peter Som, the fashion designer, who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight." "It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly."Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected, with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits. But it's not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit. Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings, whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition. The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out. The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles, posted the idea online.(1) What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the "phone stack" game?A. His friends aren't willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .(2) Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people's family life.(3) What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox(4) Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents' behaviorD. The game meets people's demand for keeping away from phones easily五、七选五7、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第67~70题8分"Any apple today? " Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked justthem.1All pretense（借口）of payment was drooped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities.2Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer.Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. "Here, darling, " I said , " is what I oweyou."3" Give it back as I gave it to you—a little at a time." I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curious thing began to happen.4At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the account can never be marked closed, for Effie's love will go on in hearts that have never known her.A. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wife's trip to New York for consultation with a specialist.B. Give your help to those in greater need.C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.D. Effie worked diligently all her life.E. "Pay me whenever you like, " said Effie, climbing back into her truck.F. "Don't give it to me all at once, " she said.六、概要写作8、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第71题Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses, " massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories. One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries. A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were used to store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose. A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.七、翻译句子9、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第72~75题15分翻译句子(1) 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语I.ListeningComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd. C. On February 3rd D. On February 8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6.A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually empty B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C. The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffe isn’t all owed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man’s offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12.Agive advice B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Accept someone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B.We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful. D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats. B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) ___________ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities. Two women who (23) __________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise)awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s us e would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meetingsome of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF. reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are __ 31 ____ whether some paintings attributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known asattributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed therepresentation of the woman’s face is very much lik e that of portraitsknown to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ____ 32 _____ i t could not be a work byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ i s dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _____ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing,would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and ________ 36 __ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light ____ 37 ____ o nto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _____ 38 __ that it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was ____ 40 __ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.ReadingComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ peoplethe ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community serviceon that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year,at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ outof 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of intervieweeswas 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reversethe effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than wouldotherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreation Section B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he had to make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later wri ting?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by______ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.B. Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B. Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costsA. $825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650 Holiday Plus Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!HolidaylocationMountain Lodge A unique wilderness retreat on the edge of the World Heritage-listed National Park and only 5 km from the sea Pelican Resort A true coral island right on the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Swim straight for the beach Cedar Lodge A mixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings for those over 25Price* $330 $580 $740Number of nights2 4 4 Daily mealsincluded in package Mountain buffet breakfast Free soft drink always available Hot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course dinner Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional extra)Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optional extra) Renovation: resort willclose for May Free minibus trip around island Plane flights to WilsonIsland only $50Oldest living rainforest Free bikes and tennis courts; horse-riding extra Transportto/from airport Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus three times/week approx.2 hours1/2 hour by minibus10 mins by taxi *Price ： per person, per package, twin share Children 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Fr ance’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to ______ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 tojust 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in ma ths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as i n the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。
2017届上海市普陀区高考二模试卷（含答案)II。
Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in Decline The populations of Earths wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58％ over the past four decades， according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching(偷猎)are in large part （21）______（blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020， the world (22)________（lose) two—thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet (23）________ this rate will decrease," the report says.“Across land， fresh water and the oceans， human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini， director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years。
2017届上海市普陀区高考二模试卷(含答案)II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill inthe blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in Decline The populations of Earths wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part(21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,” the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the worlds wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. (29) ________ ________________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, andthat means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Leadership Traits_（特质）__My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience,it is clear that the most successful leadersboth men and womenalways demonstrate three ____32____ traits. Trustworthiness Leaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情) You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as youd like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand peoples needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development. Decisiveness In times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answersno one expects you toso you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions. Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.III Reading ComprehensionDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programme on TV frequently _____41____boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are ____42___as big heroes. It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it__43_____because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can ___44____ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a _ 45_____ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their __46_____in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression . However , there is a__47____side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers __48____have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with __49______consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out inthe___50_______. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _51______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out . I am personally not at all in __52____of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was ___53____to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like __54_____sports , and so do I , but I think that ___55___other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42.A. kept B.individual C. thought D. treated43.A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44.A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49.A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51.A. Loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection B Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----its been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story ofFrankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on its creator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’ brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it . This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , “ He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .” Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Romantic Movement in art and literature . Romanticism was a reaction against the Enlightenment embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . Its also considered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to hideous in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58.How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A.The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C.The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D.The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did “ F rankenstein” have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28 c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare. The ‘ PhoneStack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, cal led the “ phone stack” game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smart-phones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks . “Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,” Lesley M. M. Blume , a New York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .” The expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. “ Much o f the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness. A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. “ If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , its still a distraction , so it goes in the box . “, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a row house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .” Its not something I want my kid to see.” Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.” I don’t want to sleep next to something that is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,” said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .” “It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .”Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But its not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whetherway for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63.What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the “ phone stack” game?A.His friends arent willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B.B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC.He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD.The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich peoples family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents behaviorD. The game meets peoples demand for keeping away from phones easily“Any apple today ?”, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to he r truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them . All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________ Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer . Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .” Here , darling , “ I said , “ is what I owe you ,” _____________” Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.” “ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt. The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen . ___________At that time , itseemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effies love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary Writing Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great House As early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
普陀区2016学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟,满分140分）考生注意：I。
本试卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2。
答题前，考生务必在答题卡（纸）上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3。
答案必须全部涂写在答题卡（纸)上。
第1—20小题,第31—70小题，均由机器阅卷,考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分.第21—30小题，第IV, V大题（即第72—75小题)和VI大题,其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening ComprehensionI。
Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1。
A.In a hospital B. In a bank C. In a hotel D. In a supermarket2. A。
上海市普陀区2008-2009学年高三英语上学期期末质量调研试卷2008.12第Ⅰ卷（选择题共105分）第一部分听力I．Listening ComprehensionPart A Short Conversation （10分）（17—24 写在第II卷答题纸上其余选择题，请按题号涂在相应的答题卡上）Direction: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Each conversation and question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1． A．Having an interview. B．Filling out a form.C．Talking with his friend. D．Asking for information.2． A．In Canada. B．In England. C．In Brazil. D．In Egypt.3． A．Going through the customs at an airport . B．At a railway station.C．At a bus station. D．At a supermarket. 4． A．Because she wanted to talk with her husband.B．Because she wanted to call her husband.C．Because she wanted to ask her husband about something.D．Because she wanted to know whether her husband was in his office or not. 5． A．He is happy. B．He is upset.C．He is angry. D．He is tired and impatient.6． A．The length of the Canal. B．The height of the Canal.C．The width of the Canal. D．The scenery of the Canal.7． A．He painted it by himself. B．It needs to be painted.C．It isn’t beautiful ly painted. D．He hired his brother to paint it. 8． A．It’s awfully dull.B．It’s really exciting.C．It’s very exhausting.D．It’s quite challenging.9． A．Go on with the game. B．Draw pictures on the computer.C．Review his lessons. D．Have a good rest.10．A．They are both anxious to try Italian food.B．They are likely to have dinner together.C．The man will treat the woman to dinner tonight.D．The woman refuses to have dinner with the man.Part B Passage（12分）Direction: In part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．The number of students they take in is limited.B．They receive little or no support from public taxes.C．They are only open to children from rich families.D．They have to pay more taxes.12．A．Private schools admit more students.B．Private schools charge less than religious schools.C．Private schools run a variety of programs.D．Private schools allow students to enjoy more freedom.13．A．The churches. B．The program designers.C．The local authorities. D．The state government.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Anxious and worried. B．Proud and excited.C．Nervous and confused. D．Inspired and confident.15．A．His father scolded him severely.B．His father took back the six dollars.C．His father made him do the cutting again.D．His father cut the leaves himself.16．A．One can benefit a lot from working with his father.B．Manual labourers shouldn’t be looked down upon.C．One should always do his job earnestly.D．Teenagers tend to be careless.Part C Longer Conversations（8分）Direction: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. Each conversation will be read twice. After each conversation, you are required to fulfill the task by filling in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Numbered blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. II．Grammar and Vocabulary（16分）Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are fourchoices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25．The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get.A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whenever26．The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help.A．it B．she C．which D．he27．China successfully launched a moon exploration satellite in October this year, encourages the whole nation.A．when B．which C．though D．what28．In china, pressure to pass exams gives students the impression that learning comes from textbooks.A．/; / B．the; the C．the; / D．/; the29．—Is this your second car?—Yes. Blue is always my colour. It is a little but still fitsinto the garage.A．wider more easily B．wider; easilyC．widest; more easily D．widest; easily30．One is always on a strange road, strange scenery and listening to strange music. Then one day, you will find that the things you try hard to forgetare already gone.A．watching B．watch C．to watch D．watched31．Two liberal research groups found nine stated(led by New York) in which the richest 20 percent of households now earn at least 11 times of thepoorest 20 percent.A．the income B．income C．as much as D．as many as32．The state purchases grain through negotiations with producers grain-processing enterprises purchase grain from the wholesale markets; andfarmers sell their grain at fairs.A．so B．while C．hence D．despite33．Next after coffee, Americans are to drink cola drinks, such as Coke or Pepsi, or other soft drinks.A．possible B．likely C．probable D．as well34．In America, a restaurant or bar bill is called a check, a bill. So at the end of your meal you would ask, “May I have the check, please?”A．instead B．rather than C．other than D．now that35．Several people in the GM-Chrysler merger discussions say the companies have talked to federal officials about their proposed transaction.A．involving B．involved C．to involve D．involve36．Don’t waste lots of time looking for the answer to one question. Leave it and come back to it later .A．if it necessary B．if you are necessaryC．if is necessary D．if necessary37．Was it in 2006, when he was at college. this young man won the international prize?A．which B．where C．when D．that38．The young man waited in the park and after seemed half an hour the girl finally came.A．that B．it C．which D．what39．Within industries, companies are always trying to develop products that areone step better thanof other companies.A．one B．that C．those D．all40．Many representatives were in favor of his proposal that a special committee to investigate the incident.A．were set up B．was set up C．be set up D．set upSection B （9分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Eachword can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too manytourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the 41 of a country.If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy.They begin to 42 tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how muchtourism can help the country’s economy. It is important to think about the peopleof a 43 country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country,keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also 44 thewealth and happiness of 45 inhabitants.Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too 46 , people must leaveother jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of thecountry’s economy can suffer.On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels,airports, air terminals, 47 roads, and other support facilities needed bytourist attractions. For example, a major international class tourism hotel can48 as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not usedmost of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money.Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support 49 as well,including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water.All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there arenot enough tourists , jobs and money are lost.III．Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words orphrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that bestfits the context.Farmers, as we all know, have been having a hard time of it lately, and have turned to new ways of earning income from their land. This involves not only planting new kinds of crops, but some___50___ways of making money, the most unusual of which has got to be sheep 51 . Yes, you heard me___52___! A farmer now holds sheep races on a regular basis, and during the past year over 100,000 people have___53___to watch the race. "I was passing the farm on my way to the sea for a holiday," one punter (赛马经纪人) told me, "and I thought I'd have a look. I didn't believe it was serious to tell you the truth. "According to a(n) 54 visitor, betting on sheep is more interesting than betting on 55 ." At proper horse races everyone has already studied the form of the horse ___56 ___, and there are clear favourites. ___57___nobody has heard anything about these ___58___! Most people find it 59 to tell one from another in any case. "I stayed to watch the races, and I must admit that I found it quite___60___. In a usual sheep race, half a dozen sheep race down hill over a course of about half a mile. 61 is waiting for them at the other end of the___62___just to give them some encouragement, I ought to add! The sheep run surprisingly fast, ___63___they have probably not eaten for a while. Anyway, the crowd around me were obviously enjoying their day out at the races, ___64___by their happy faces and the sense of excitement.50．A．common B．strange C．swift D．illegal 51．A．racing B．hunting C．raising D．eating 52．A．honestly B．surprisingly C．completely D．correctly 53．A．showed off B．brought up C．turned up D．looked forward 54．A．regular B．unexpected C．professional D．accustomed 55．A．farms B．horses C．stocks D．races56．A．behind time B．in progress C．in advance D．in time57．A．But B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Otherwise 58．A．horses B．sheep C．races D．stories59．A．easy B．impossible C．normal D．difficult 60．A．exciting B．dangerous C．boring D．peculiar 61．A．Visitors B．Farmers C．Food D．Money62．A．race B．hill C．track D．field63．A．if B．so C．yet D．although 64．A．observing B．judging C．considering D．inferringSection B（35分）Directions: Red the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read.AOne hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores. restaurants，and hotels，at home，across the country，and even abroad，and they make many banking services available as well，More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically，making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations，whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the“ cashless society” is not on the horizon-it’s already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers，they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records，including who sold what，when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.65．According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to .A．withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishesB．obtain more convenient services than other people doC．enjoy greater trust from the storekeeperD．cash moneys where she wishes to66．The phrase “ring up sales”(Line 2,Para.2) most probably means“”.A．make an order of goods B．record sales on a cash registerC．call the sales manager D．keep track of the goods in stock 67．What is this passage mainly about?A．Approaches to the commercial use of computers.B．Conveniences brought about by computers in business.C．Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.D．Advantages of credit cards in business.BThe cohesiveness(内聚力) of a family seems to rely on members sharing certain routine practices and events. For a growing share of the American labor force, however, working shifts beyond the normal daylight hours--- what we here call “shiftwork” —makes the lives of families difficult.Existing research shows that both male and female shiftworkers express high levels of stress and a sense of conflict between the demands of work and family life. But shiftwork couples still maintain a traditional attitude about the meaning of marriage and the individual roles of husband and wife. They expressed awillingness to do “whatever it takes” to approximate their view of a proper marriage, including sacrificing sleep and doing conventional things at unconventional hours. For the majority of couples interviewed-----even when wives worked outside their homes a proper marriage is characterized by a very clear division of roles: husbands are “providers” whose major responsibility is to support the family; wives are “homemakers” who clean, cook, and care for husbands and children.As couples encountered shiftwork schedules, however, initial expectations about what it would take to create a marriage and family were put to test. One woman expressed her dreams about what marriage was supposed to be:--It would make me feel like I had more of a home atmosph ere, you know. That’s the way I always expected being married having the husband go off, come in the evenings and spend the rest of the evenings together, you know that’s the way we thought it would be. It doesn’t work out that way.”The women’s definitions of a “good husband” are typified by the following wife’s response:I expect him to be a good provider, and be there when I need him, loyal about the same things as he would expect out of me, expect that I expect him to dominate over me. But in a manner of speaking when it’s time to be a man. I expect him to stand up instead of sitting back expecting me to do everything.To husbands, a good wife was someone who was:Understanding of what I feel go through at work. I need that respect at work.I hope I get it at work. I want my wife to realize what I expect at work. I don’t want her to give me a lot shit when I come home from work because----I don’t know if this makes much sense.These views seemed critical to maintain the families of the shiftworkers. 68．Despite ______, shiftwork couples still hoped to maintain a stable life.A．traditional beliefs about marriage B．lack of control over timeC．a very clear division of roles D．the demands of work 69．From the selection, we can conclude that female shiftworkers were not satisfied with ______.A．their workB．their childrenC．their husband’s inability to protect the family and provide companionship.D．leisure activities70．What is implied by the author?A．Shiftwork had a direct effect on the attitudes and behavior of family members.B．Shiftworkers could live a normal life.C．Shiftwork couples had unconventional ideas about marriage.D．Female shiftworkers were satisfied with the time spent together with their families.71．In order to continue the marriage of the shiftworkers, ________.A．wives must learn to care for the children when their husbands are absentB．shiftwork couples must administer their time and activitiesC．wives mustn’t adapt their own feelings of boredom to their husbands’ work D．All of theseCIdeas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move house quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long – term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society put it, it’s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don’t want to answer.Cross-cultural differences aren’t just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.Some societies have “universalist” cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way. ‘Particularist’ societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check –in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check –in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn’t be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don’t have his problem. 72．Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians .A．like traveling betterB．easy to communicate withC．difficult to make real friendsD．have a long – term relationship with their neighbors73．A person from a less mobile society will feel it when a stranger keepstalking to him or her, and asking him or her questions.A．boring B．friendly C．normal D．rough74．In “particularist societies”, .A．they have no rules for people to obeyB．people obey the society’s rules completelyC．no one obeys the society’s rules though they haveD．the society’s rules can be changed with different persons or situations 75．The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different .A．interests B．culturesC．habits and customs D．ways of lifeDThe days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.“My grandmothers didn’t do anything but keep house and serve everybody. They were programmed to do that,” said Emils Comette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.While men have long spent their time fishing and playing golf, women have sometimes seemed to become unnoticed as they age. But the generation now turning 50 is the baby boomers(生育高峰期出生的人), and the same people who refused their parents’ way of being young are now trying a new way of growing ol d.If you take into consideration feminism(女权主义), a bit of spare money, and better health for most elderly, the Red Hat Society looks almost inevitable(必然的). In this society, women over 50 wear red hats and purple(紫色的) clothes, while the women under 50 wear pink hats and light purple clothing.“The organization took the idea from a poem by Jenny Joseph that begins: “When I am an old woman, I shall wear purple. With a red hat which doesn’t go,” said Ellen Cooper, who founded the Red Hat Society in 1998. When the ladies started to wear the red hats, they attracted lots of attention.“The point of this is that we need a rest from always doing something for someone else,” Cooper said. “Women feel so ashamed and sorry when they do something for themselves.” Th is is why chapters are discouraged from raising money or doing anything useful. “We’re a ladies’ play group. It couldn’t be more simple,” added Cooper’s assistant Joe Heywood.76．The underlined word “chapter” in paragraph 2 means __________.A．one branch of an organization B．a written agreement of a clubC．one part of a collection of poems D． a period in a society’s history77．From the text , we know that the “baby boomers” are a group of people who .A．have gradually become more noticeableB．are worried about getting old too quicklyC．are enjoying a good life with plenty of money to spendD ．tried living a different life from their parents when they were young78．It could be inferred from the text that members of the Red Hat Society are .A ．interested in raising money for social workB ．programmers who can plan well for their futureC ．believers in equality between men and womenD ．good at cooking big meals and taking care of others79．Women join the Red Hat Society because .A ．they want to stay youngB ．they would like to appear more attractiveC ．they would like to have fun and live for themselvesD ．they want to be more like their parentsSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.80．At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast.81．Record-breaking in all track events is slowing down and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?82．Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact onhumanperformance.83．Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.84．But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (相象) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I．Translation（20分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the worlds given in the brackets.1．几乎不可能预料今后会发生什么事。
上海市普陀区2017届上学期高三年级期末调研考试试卷（数学理）（含答案）word版上海市普陀区2017届上学期高三年级期末调研考试数学试卷（理科）一、填空题（本大题满分56分）1. 设平面向量，，则 .2. 已知函数,,若的反函数的图像经过点，则.3. 已知集合，，则 .4. 若数列对任意的都有，且，则= .5. 若直线的一个法向量为，则直线的倾斜角为 .6. 已知，其中是第四象限角，则 .7. 已知一个球的半径为，一个平面截该球所得小圆的半径为，该小圆圆心到球心的距离为，则关于的函数解析式为 .8. 抛物线的顶点在坐标原点，焦点是椭圆的一个焦点，则此抛物线的焦点到其准线的距离为 .9. 若函数，则 .10. 某种电子产品的采购商指导价为每台200元，若一次采购数量达到一定量，还可享受折扣. 右图为某位采购商根据折扣情况设计的算法程序框图，则该程序运行时，在输入一个正整数之后，输出的变量表示的实际意义是；若一次采购85台该电子产品，则元.11. 方程为的曲线上任意两点之间距离的最大值为 .12. 高一数学课本中，两角和的正弦公式是在确定了两角差的余弦公式后推导的. 即. （填入推导的步骤）13. 已知函数在区间上存在零点，则实数的取值范围是 .14. 在正方体的顶点中任意选择4个顶点，对于由这4个顶点构成的四面体的以下判断中，所有正确的结论是（写出所有正确结论的编号）①能构成每个面都是等边三角形的四面体；②能构成每个面都是直角三角形的四面体；③能构成三个面为全等的等腰直角三角形，一个面为等边三角形的四面体；④能构成三个面为不都全等的直角三角形，一个面为等边三角形的四面体.二、选择题（本大题满分20分）15. “”是“”的（）A. 充分非必要条件；B.必要非充分条件；C. 充要条件；D. 既非充分又非必要条件.16. 设为非零实数，则关于函数，的以下性质中，错误．．的是（）A. 函数一定是个偶函数；B. 函数一定没有最大值；C. 区间一定是的单调递增区间；D. 函数不可能有三个零点.17. 双曲线上到定点的距离是6的点的个数是（）A. 0个；B. 2个；C. 3个；D. 4个.18. 若对于任意角，都有，则下列不等式中恒成立的是（）A. ；B. ；C. ；D..三、解答题（本大题满分74分）19. （本题满分10分）已知数列（，），试判定：依据、的不同取值，集合含有三个元素，并用列举法表示集合.20. （本题满分14分，其中第1小题6分，第2小题8分）为了贯彻节能减排的理念，国家制定了家电能耗的节能标准.以某品牌的节能型冰箱为例，该节能型冰箱使用一天（24小时）耗电仅度，比普通冰箱约节省电能，达到国家一级标准.经测算，每消耗100度电相当于向大气层排放千克二氧化碳，而一棵大树在60年的生命周期内共可以吸收1吨二氧化碳.（1）一台节能型冰箱在一个月（按天不间断使用计算）中比普通冰箱相当于少向大气层排放多少千克的二氧化碳（精确到千克）？（2）某小城市数千户居民现使用的都是普通冰箱. 在“家电下乡”补贴政策支持下，若每月月初都有150户居民“以旧换新”换购节能型冰箱，那么至少多少个月后（每月按30天不间断使用计算），该市所有新增的节能型冰箱少排放的二氧化碳的量可超过150棵大树在60年生命周期内共吸收的二氧化碳的量？21. （本题满分14分，其中第1小题7分，第2小题7分）已知的三个内角A、B、C的对边分别为、、.（1）若当时，取到最大值，求的值；（2）设的对边长，当取到最大值时，求面积的最大值.22.（本题满分16分，其中第1小题9分，第2小题7分）如图，已知正三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1的底面边长为1，高为（），动点在侧棱上移动.设与侧面所成的角为.（1）当时，求点到平面的距离的取值范围；（2）当时，求向量与夹角的大小..23. （本题满分20分，其中第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题10分.）平面直角坐标系中，已知，…，是直线上的个点（，、均为非零常数）.（1）若数列成等差数列，求证：数列也成等差数列；（2）若点是直线上一点，且，求的值；（3）若点满足，我们称是向量，，…，的线性组合,是该线性组合的系数数列.当是向量，，…，的线性组合时，请参考以下线索：①系数数列需满足怎样的条件，点会落在直线上？②若点落在直线上，系数数列会满足怎样的结论？③能否根据你给出的系数数列满足的条件，确定在直线上的点的个数或坐标？试提出一个相关命题（或猜想）并开展研究，写出你的研究过程.【本小题将根据你提出的命题（或猜想）的完备程度和研究过程中体现的思维层次，给予不同的评分】高三调研数学试卷参考答案及评分标准一、填空题（每小题4分，满分56分）：1. ；2. 4；3. ；4. （文，理）40；5. ；6. （或）；7. ，；8. 4； 9.理：；文：； 10.表示一次采购共需花费的金额; ；11. ；12. ；13. 理：；文：2； 14. 理：①②③④；文：①②③.二、选择题（每题4分，满分16分）：题号15 16 17 18 答案 B C B D三、解答题：19.（本题满分10分）（理科）解：由结论：“当时，”且根据本题条件，故本题需根据变量和常数1的大小比较进行分类讨论：（1）当时，；（2）当时，；（3）当或时，有. 故集合含有以上三个元素，用列举法表示集合. ...3 ...6 ...9 (10)（文科）解：如图，延长DA至E，CB至F，使得DA=AE，CB=BF. 联结AF，PF，EF，DF. 因为ABCD是正方形，所以AD//BF，且AD=BF，所以AF//BD. 故（或其补角）的大小即为异面直线与所成角的大小. (3)又正方形边长为2，PD=1，故，，.所以，.于是，，所以异面直线与所成角的大小为.…7…9(10)20.（本题满分14分，其中第1小题6分，第2小题8分）解:（1）由于节能型冰箱比普通冰箱约节省电能，故一台节能型冰箱一天（小时）消耗的度电相当于比普通冰箱少消耗的电能，即一台节能型冰箱在一个月中比普通冰箱要少消耗电：（度）；设一台节能型冰箱在一个月中比普通冰箱要少排放千克的二氧化碳，则（千克）.故一台节能型冰箱在一个月中比普通冰箱少向大气层排放约千克的二氧化碳.（2）设个月后()，这些节能型冰箱少排放的二氧化碳可超过150棵大树在年生命周期内所吸收的二氧化碳的量.依题意，有，因为，故可解得.所以，至少经过10个月后，这些节能型冰箱少排放的二氧化碳可超过150棵大树在年生命周期内共吸收的二氧化碳的量.…3…6(10)(14)21. （本题满分14分，其中第1小题7分，第2小题7分）解：（1）因为…2故当时，原式取到最大值，即三角形的内角时，最大值为.（2）由（1）结论可得，此时. 又，因此，当且仅当时等号成立.所以.故面积的最大为. ...5 ...7 ...9 ...12 (14)22.（本题满分16分，理科：第1小题9分，第2小题7分；文科：第1小题3分，第2小题6分，第3小题7分）（理科）解：（1）设BC的中点为D，连结AD、DM，则有于是，可知即为AM与侧面BCC1所成角.因为，点到平面的距离为，不妨设，.在Rt△ADM 中，.由,,故.而当时，，即，所以，点到平面的距离的取值范围是. （2）解法一：当时，由（1）可知,故可得,.设向量与的夹角为，因为...3 (6)...9 ...11 ...13 (15).所以，故向量与夹角的大小为.解法二：如图，以中点O 为原点，所在的直线为轴，所在的直线为轴，所在直线为轴（其中点为中点），建立空间直角坐标系. 由（1）可知，当时，.所以有，，，,，即，. 设向量与夹角为，则故向量与夹角的大小为.解法三：如图，过点作//，交于.联结.因为是正三棱柱，故可得.当时，由（1）可知,故可得.在等腰三角形中，不难求得，即异面直线与所成角为，而图中不难发现，与夹角的大小为异面直线与所成角的补角，即与夹角的大小为. …16 …10 …13 …16 …11 …14 …16（文科）解:（1）为偶函数，对恒成立，即对恒成立，又，于是得对恒成立，.（2）由（1）得可知，当时，单调递增区间为，单调递减区间为；当时，单调递增区间为和，单调递减区间为和.（3）解法一：由偶函数的性质得：函数在区间上也必定有零点，即方程在区间上有实数解，则，设，可知函数在区间上单调递增，则，.解法二：若函数在区间上存在零点，则必有即.…3…6…9(12)(14)(16)(13)(16)23. （本题满分20分，其中第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题10分）解：（1）证：设等差数列的公差为,因为，所以为定值，即数列也成等差数列.（2）证：因为点、和都是直线上一点，故有()…4…6于是，令，，则有.（3）（文科）假设存在点满足要求, 则有，又当时，恒有，则又有，所以又因为数列成等差数列，于是，所以，故，同理，且点在直线上（是、的中点），即存在点满足要求. ...9 ...10 (12)(15)...18 (20)（3）（理科）提出命题：（在本题大前提下）若点满足，则系数数列的和是点在直线上的充要条件.证明：设，由条件，先证充分性：“当时，点在直线上”.因为，。
普陀区2016学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：I.本试卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
第1-20小题，第31-70小题，均由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第21-30小题，第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening ComprehensionI. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.In a hospital B. In a bank C. In a hotel D. In a supermarket2. A. $8 B.$12 C.$40 D.$803. A. A local artist B. The man’s salary C. An apartment to let D. A flat for sale4. A. Work at a restaurant B. Quit delivering flowersC. Bring her flowers every dayD. Leave his job to work for her5. A. Giving lectures B. Preparing class notesC. Conducting researchD. Doing office work6. A. She doesn’t agree with the man B. She is good at finding a place to stayC. She could hardly find the truthD. She had no travel experience in Britain7. A. The man is planning a trip to Santa Cruz.B. The man has been to Santa Cruz before.C. The man doesn’t like Santa Cruz.D. T he man hasn’t been to Santa Cruz before.8. A. Promising B. Isolated C. Crowded D. Modern9. A. Game creator is a booming business.B. School learning is a must for game creator.C. He hopes to attend a good game development school.D. The woman shouldn’t become a game creator.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It carried the mayor’s speech accurately.C. It made the mayor’s view clearer.D. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They will have mental health problems. B. They will have high blood pressure.C. They will definitely be depressed.D. They will have low self-esteem.12. A. They are physically healthier. B. They are mentally satisfied.C. They have happier experience.D. They enjoy a higher social status.13. A. More and more home appliances.B. Dangerous neighborhoods.C. Bullies on the Internet.D. Ex-criminals in the community.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. How natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B. How the studies on natural disasters is conducted.C. How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D. How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.15. A. By training rescue teams for emergencies.B. By taking steps to prepare people for them.C. By changing people’s views of nature.D. By relocating people to safer places.16. A. How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B. How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C. How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D. How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His view on Canadian universities.B. His understanding of higher education.C. His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D. His complaint about inequality in American universities.18. A. It is well designed. B. It is rather inflexible.C. It varies among universities.D. It has undergone great changes.19. A. The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B. Public universities are often superior to private universities.C. Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D. Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.20. A. University systems vary from country to country.B. Efficiency is essential to university management.C. It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D. Many private universities in the US are actually large organizations.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,” the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is publi shed every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularly strong declines (26)______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions.When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster . The monste r doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on its creator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , “ He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .” Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature . Romancism was a reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also considered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did “ F rankenstein” have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Phone Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, called the “ phone stack” game : Everyone places thei r phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .“Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,” Lesley M. M. Blume , a New York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .” Th e expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. “ Much of the digita l detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. “ If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . “, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a row house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .” It’s not something I want my kid to see.” Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.” I don’t want to sleep next to something that is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,” said Pe ter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .” “It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .”Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the “ phone stack” game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easilySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can beused only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Any apple today ?”, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .” Here , darling , “ I said , “ is what I owe you ,” _____________” Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.” “ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three orfour stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
普陀区2016学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：I.本试卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
第1-20小题，第31-70小题，均由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第21-30小题，第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part(21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose)two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,” the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are for cing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.（特质）My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individ ual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because it is an aggressive sport.When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s des perate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on its creator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Vi ctor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , “ He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .” Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature . Romancism was a reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphas ized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also co nsidered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did “ F rankenstein” have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Ph one Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, called the “ phone stack” game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .“Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,” Lesley M. M. Blume , a New York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .” The expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. “ Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. “If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . “, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a row house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .”It’s not something I want my kid to see.” Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.”I don’t want to sleep next to something that is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,” said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .”“It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .”Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the “ phone stack” game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easilySection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Any apple today ?”, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .” Here , darling , “ I said , “ is what I owe you ,”_____________” Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.”“ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
7. A. The cafeteria isn’t usually so empty.C. The cafeteria is near the library.8. A. She lives close to the man. C. She will turn to her manager.B. She changes her mind at last. D. She declines the man's offer.普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语质量调研英语试卷I . ListeningComprehension Section A 10%Directions ： In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st . B. On February 2nd . C. On February 3rd D. On February 8th .3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn’t planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B. She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria. D. Coffee isn ’t allowed in the library.12. A. Give advice. C. Choose to be a victim. C. Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D. The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions ： In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and youwill be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and theconversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to thequestion you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B. Because he followed several waiters.C. Because he was a natural motivator.D. Because he seldom had a bad day.B. Tell himself to be in a good mood. D. Accept someone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B. We should be curious about unique people.C. Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D. We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B. They refuse gifts when doing business.C. They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D. They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B. They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C. They have to follow many specific rules.D. They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B. We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C. We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B. She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful. D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats.B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed tohear aboutthe challenges (21) _________ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) ____________ amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) ________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two importantmembers ofthe National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) _______________ (raise)awareness aboutdisabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concernis thepeople who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) _______________ disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educatingthe public.Some handicap spots have extra room n ext to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs.“(26)_____ ________ _______ I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5somepeople say. However, the women (27) ________ use a wheelchair disagree to this. The spaceexists toallow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in thatspace, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance.(28)_____ it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is therefor walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29)______ (infor m) of the rail’s use would be less like ly to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meetingsome of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Could It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are __ 31 ____ whether some paintings attributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known asattributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed therepresentation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraitsknown to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ____ 32 _____ i t could not be a work byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ i s dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _____ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and ________ 36 __ , but in thispainting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light ____ 37 _____ onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather thanreflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandtwould never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _____ 38 __ that it was painted on apanel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was ____ 40 __ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.ReadingComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people theability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness sincean inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）bythe daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on thatday.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year,at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the sameday, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ outof 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of intervieweeswas 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.Section B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he had to make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dah l’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by______ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)$330 $580Children 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A.Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.B.Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A.Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B.Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C.All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D.Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costsA.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. Tha t’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to ______ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up theprices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a car eer has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don n’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。
