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A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit集成电路containing a processor处理器core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals外围设备. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications嵌入式应用（嵌入式的概念：devices used to control, monitor, or assist the operation of equipment, machinery or plants设备）, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose通用的applications.Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable可植入的medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems嵌入式系统. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes. Mixed signal microcontrollers are common, integrating 整合analog components needed to control non-digital electronic systems.In this course ,I mainly learn about the microcontroller--80C51.This is the internal structure diagram of 80C51 P１８图２－３It mainly include the Arithmetic logic unit 算术逻辑部分ALU,the accumulator register 累加器ACC, read-only memory (ROM),random access memory (RAM),instruction register 指令寄存器IR，Program Address Register 程序地址寄存器，program counter程序计数器PC，Data Pointer 数据指针DPTR，timer/counter定时器计数器，parallel port I/O P0-P3, serial port串行口，Program state mark registers程序状态标志寄存器PSW and Timing control logic circuit定时控制逻辑电路。
