名词单复数

名词的数

可数名词：

英语名词单数变复数主要有以下规则：

一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。

读音变化：统一加读[iz]。

例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes box

→boxes; watch →watches; actress →actresses; class →classes; coach（长途车） →coaches; dress →dresses; sandwich →sandwiches; toothbrush →toothbrushes;

waitress（女侍者） →waitresses

三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：candy→candies; daisy（雏菊）→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies;

story→stories

strawberry →strawberries; baby →babies; puppy →puppies; library →libraries;

dictionary →dictionaries; cherry →cherries; activity →activities

四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 （有生命的加es，无生命的加s）

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes;hero—heroes

反例：; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; radio—radios zoo—zoos

Kangaroo—kangaroos（袋鼠）

五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例：leaf→leaves ，half---halves，self—selves，wife—wives ，knife→knives;

wolf—wolves，shelf—shelves，thief—thieves，life→lives; （staff(员工)→staves; scarf（围巾）→scarves ）

目前搜集的直接加s：roof-roofs, belief-beliefs,gulf（海湾）-gulfs, serf（农奴）-serfs， safe-safes,chief（负责人）-chiefs

这几个可变可不变： scarf-scarfs，handkerchief- handkerchiefs

部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化：保持原音。

例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; deer→deer; Chinese—Chinese，

Japanese—Japanese 六、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。

名词变复数不规则的有：

例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; foot →feet; foot--feet ，mouse

→mice; tooth →teeth， goose →geese;

七、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示

例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇;

father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父 tep-son→step-sons继子;

son-in-law→sons-in-law 女婿

八、以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。例如：woman doctor→women doctors, man waiter→men waiters.

练习题：

选择填空

1. They come from different ______

A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys

2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?

A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato

3. They are______.

A . woman teachers B. women teachers

C. women teacher D. woman teacher

4. Would you like _______ ,please?

A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water

C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters

5. Most of ______ live in _______.

A. Germans, German B. German, Germen

C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany

6. There are some ______ in these _______.

A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box

C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes

7. ______ like ______ by air.

A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling

C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling

8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).

A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples

9. There is no ______ in the plate.

A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs

10. – would you like something to drink, Tara?

-Yes, I’d like some

A. sandwiches B. hot dogs C. water D. bread

11.The little baby has two

already.

A.tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths

12.Help yourself to

.

A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken 13.The teachers have two to live in.

A. woman; room B. women; rooms C. woman; rooms D. women; room

14.They are very thirsty. Will you please give them ?

A..some bottles of watersB. some bottles of water

C. some bottle of waterD. any bottle of milk

2）.填入所给名词的正确形式

1. I have two_____ (knife)

2. There are many _____ here. (box)

3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)

4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)

5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)

将下列词组译成英语：

① 两箱书 ________________________

② 四篮子鸡蛋

__________________

③ 三副眼镜 _______________________

④女医生们

_________________________

⑤一条裤子 _____________________________

⑥两杯牛奶 _________________________________

⑦十滴红墨水(drop, ink）

________________

⑧一组队员 _______________________________

⑨一块蛋糕

_________________________________

⑩两排大树 __________________________________