中考英语-定语从句讲解

定语从句

请看下面的句子：

I want to know the boy who is the tallest.

句子做定语修饰boy

（一）概念:

定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子， 叫定语从句。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

（二）定语从句的分类

Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。

e.g:This is the book that/which I want.

Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。

e.g:Mr. Green， who is watching TV，is my uncle.

（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构

Mary is a girl who has long hair.

先行词 关系词 定语从句

关系代词 关系副词

which, who, whom,

whose, that where, when, why

（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一

（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）

Mary is a girl.

合并为一个句子

She has long hair.

思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替舍去部分）

Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.

请把下列句子二句合一

1. I saw the man.He closed the door

2.The girl is happy. She won the race

3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen

（五） 定语从句关系词的确定:

 a.先行词的分类

 b.先行词在从句中充当的成分

1.先行词做主语

人：who/that

物：which/that

2.先行词做宾语 人：who/whom/that

物：which/that

3.先行词做定语 人：whose

物：whose/of which

4.先行词做状语：when, where, why

 who, whom, whose, that用法区别.

 who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语.

The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.

做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并

分解 The man is a worker.

The man is speaking at the meeting.

作主语

 Whom /that作定语从句的宾语

The woman（ whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.

分解 The woman is a teacher.

They wanted to visit the woman.

作宾语

注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.

 whose 作定语从句的定语.

I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.

分解 I know the girl.

The girl’s mother is a teacher.

作定语

小结：

关系词判断步骤

 首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that

 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表

先行词 主语 宾语 定语

人 who, that who(m), that whose

物 which,

that which, that whose,

of which

巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空

1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.

2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.

3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.

（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：

(1)先行词为all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one等不定代词时；

(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one

of 等修饰时：

(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含 last)修饰时。

（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。

(5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。

口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错

先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.

请在以下例句中体会以上规则：

1. Here is something that I will tell you.

2.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

3. Is it the one that you want ?

4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.

5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.

6.Which is the bike that you lost?

7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

（七）只能使用which 的情况

 1.关系代词前有介词时；

 2.先行词本身是 that 时；

 3.非限定定语从句

 口诀:要有which别着急，

 介词提前逗隔离。  e.g:1.This is the classroom in which we studied for two year.

 2.She has two dolls，which are from her parents

单项选择：

 1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

 A. that B. who C. whom D. this

 2. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.

 A. that B. whose C. which D. as

 3. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

 A. the one B. which C. who D. whom

 ※4.Is this factory a lot of students visited ?

A. the one B. which C. who D. who

 5. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

 A. which B. that C. / D. it

 6. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.

 A. which B. in which C. that D. all

 ※7. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.

 A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who

 注意：

 ①当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。

②若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7题）

完成下列句子：

1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.

who saved the boy’ s life

This is the doctor

2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.

who is running

The man is my uncle.

3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。

I saw a woman

whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.

4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.

The young man is a teacher.

who lives next door

注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。

【定语从句中考真题演练】

1、There are lots of things ______ I need to prepare before the trip. (省卷)

A. who B. that C. whom D. whose