高考语法专题复习名词性从句讲义
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名词性从句
一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述
名词性从句是在句子中充当名词作用的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句主要以that、 whether／if、who、whom、where、why、how和what或wh－ever等引导。此外，as if／ as though也可引导语从句。
二、名词性从句的引导词
分类 连接词 功能
从属连词
that 在句子中不作任何句子成分，也没有词汇意义
whether, if
在句子中不作任何句子成分，意为“是否”
because, as if/though 在句子中不作任何句子成分，分别意为“因为”，“好像”
连接代词 who(ever), whom, whose,
what(ever), which(ever) Who(ever),what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；
Whom在从句中作宾语；
Whose在从句中作定语；
Which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语
连接副词 When(ever), where,
Wherever, why, how 在从句中作状语
三、四类名词性从句
主语从句
在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句。
引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether, 连接代词who, what which; 连接副词when, where, how, why等。如：
That he will succeed is certain.
Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance.
Who will go makes no difference.
Which kind of food is the best is still not certain.
What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.
Whoever comes is welcome.
How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.
When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet. Where he hid the money is to be found out.
Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.
1. that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：
It+be+形容词（obvious, true, natural, surprising ,wonderful, likely, certain, ….）+that从句
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.她是否能来令人怀疑。
It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.
他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.
周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。
It+be+名词词组（no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.）+that从句
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。
It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。
It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
It+be+过去分词（said, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.）+that从句
It is known to all that China is a developing country.
It is thought that he is the best player.大家都认为他是最好的选手。
It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.据估计这个花瓶有2000年的历史。
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。
说明： It + be + suggested /advised /ordered /requested /insisted /required 中, 应使用虚拟语气,即that从句的谓语用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。如：It is suggested that we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.
It + 不及物动词或短语 + that 从句( happen, doesn’t matter ,turn out）
It happened that I saw him yesterday.碰巧我昨天看见他了。
It does not matter whether I missed my train, because there is another later.
没有赶上这趟火车没有关系，稍晚还有一趟。
说明：当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。
It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was.
让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。
2. that引导从句位于句首时，that不能省略。
That he didn’t pass the driving test made him disappointed.
3. 由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句
What he found surprised me greatly. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。
Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished. (主语从句)
= Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. (定语从句)
比较：Whoever breaks the law，he should be punished.(让步状语从句) = No matter who breaks the law，he should be punished. (让步状语从句)
宾语从句
复合句中，一个句子作动词或介词的宾语成份（位于及物动词后）叫宾语从句。主要分为介宾和动宾。宾语从句需要注意三要素：语序（陈述语序）、时态、连接词。
注意：
1. 由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）。但and并列两个宾语从句，第二个that 不能省。e.g.I heard (that) he joined the army and that his mother was very
sad.
2. 作形容词的宾语。往往这些形容词anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced,
determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed,
annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等
3.it作形式宾语的宾语从句
①动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/that从句；
①动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋that从句；
①短语动词see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋that从句；
4.宾语从句跟着的动词是表坚持，命令，建议，请求的，从句用虚拟语气。
e.g. He insisted that he should be sent to hospital.
5. 宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句需与主句的时态保持一致。当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句需用相应的过去的某种时态；当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，从句需用一般现在时。
宾语从句常见的句式：
句式1: sb. wonder whether/if ...(某人想知道是否……)
我想知道你能否给我提供一些如何交朋友的建议。
I wonder if __________________________ on how to make friends.
句式2：sb. would appreciate it if... (如果......某人将非常感激。)
如果你能把他的地址告诉我，我将非常感激。
I would appreciate it if _____________________________________.
句式3：sb. like/love/enjoy/hate it when ... (某人喜欢/讨厌……)
我讨厌有人在公共场所大声说话。
I hate it when ___________________________.
句式4：sb. think/feel/find/consider/make+ it +adj./n.+ that (某人认为……)
我认为你们有必要独立完成作业。
I consider/think ________________________ you should do your homework
independently.
老师已经说的很明白，教室内禁止吃东西。
The teacher has made it clear that ___________________________.
Keys:
句式1 I wonder if you can give me some advice on how to make friends.
句式2 I would appreciate it if you could tell me his address.
