高二英语上学期虚拟语气

虚拟语气（1）——倒推时态类定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（非真实条件状从和让步状从）2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议（名词性从句：主宾表同）使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿（与事实相反或不太可能实现）（如果我是宇航员，我要在月球上跳舞）2.用来缓和语气，使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体（如果你能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激）3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪（你要是能考上大学，全家都烧高香了）4.表示适度的责备或批评（如果你那时更耐心点，现在我们都成功了）5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福（祝你成功）1.虚拟条件句一般虚拟条件句混合虚拟语气（错综时间条件句）定义：条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致例子：If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果那时你听了我的建议，现在已经好了If it hadn’t been for you, I would have to make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话，我明天还要再走一趟。

If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。

省略+倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，并将were,should,had提前于句首，变为倒装句。

如果虚拟条件句是否定句，not 保留在原处If he should agree to go there, we should send him there.= Should he agree to go there,we should send him there.If she were there,she would agree with us.= Were she were, she would agree with us.If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him.= Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him.含蓄虚拟条件句定义：有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句分类：1) but for....=(If it+be not for) ；without；Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= If it hadn’t been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.没有你的帮助，我们不可能完成任务。

高二英语语法复习虚拟语气和倒装句一. 本周教育内容：语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句二. 知识总结与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，怀疑，推测或后悔。

虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。

虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1. 动词过去式2. had done3. would/could/should/might do4. would/could/should/might have done5. were（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，后悔或推测。

句型结构：If +主语+had been/done….，主语+should/could/might/would + have done….1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might have made all different.2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped him.（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were / 动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/would +do1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were to do, 主语+should/could/might/would +doIf +主语+should doIf +主语+动词过去式（1）If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.（2）If the little girl should take piano lessons, she would have less free time.（3）If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。

高二英语虚拟语气知识精讲一语气的定义和种类（一）语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

（二）语气的种类1、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！2、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。

如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

3、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

③May you succeed!祝您成功！。

二虚拟语气的主要内容（一）、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气用于if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词有三种形式：（1）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。

如：①If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.②If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.③If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come.（2）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。

高二英语语法：虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法：一、虚拟语气用于条件句：同时也可根据意思用情态动词could，might。

“与将来事实相反”中的B式与C式之间的差别是“were to do”比“should do”所表示的实现的可能性更小。

1）表示与现在事实相反：If I were you, I should study English.If he had time, he would attend the meeting.2)表示与过去事实相反：If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.三种特殊的虚拟条件句：1)混合虚拟：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。

例如：If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。

)2)倒装虚拟：如果从句中含有were，had，should时，从句可省略if，用倒装句式“were（had，should）+主语”。

例如：Were I in school again, I would work harder.=If I were in school again,Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.=If you had been here earlier,Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.=If there should be a meeting tomorrow,3)含蓄虚拟:假设的情况不是由条件从句引出，而是通过but for（要不是），without或otherwise等形式表示的含蓄虚拟语气。

高二英语语法名师讲解：虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l. 语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2. 语气的种类(1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。

What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

如：Open the door，please.请打开门。

(3)虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如：IfI were you，I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。

May you succeed! 祝您成功!二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。

在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。

如：If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

如：If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。

(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。

)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：用于各种人称。

l. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。

如：If my brother were here，everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。

高二上学期英语虚拟语气虚拟语气部分高考试题回放1. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ______ for London to attend a meeting. (2005 天津)A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. left2. To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ______ travel b y air. (2004 全国) A. as B. to C. than D. while3. ——I'll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. ——You ______ her last week. (2004 福建) A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have t old4. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by 2006. (2004北京) A. has been completed B. has completedC. will have been completedD. will have completed5. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ______ pictures of them. (2003 上海) A. many of B. masses ofC. the number ofD. a large amount of6. Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make ___ for our new students. (2003 皖春)A. placeB. areaC. spaceD. room7. How 1 wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (2002 上海春)A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had8. Americans eat ______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (2002 上海春)A. more than twiceB. as twice as manyC. twice as many asD. more than twice as many9. ——Why haven't you bought any butter? ——I ______ to but I forgot about it. (2001京蒙皖春) A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected10. In that case, there is nothing you can do ______ than wait. (2001 京蒙皖春)A. moreB. otherC. betterD. any11. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) ______ of courage and pow er. (2000 上海) A. example B. sign C. mark D. symbol12. ——Which would you rather have, tea or coffee? ——______. (1996上海)A. Sure, I wouldB. Yes, please.C. Yes, bothD. Neither, thank you13. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (2005 上海)A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is requiredD. It requires14. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it ______ often enough. (2 005 天津) A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explai ned15. ——My family usually goes skating for vacation. I like skating, but I want to try so mething different this year.——______. (2005 重庆)A. Let's go.B. Cheer up.C. Like what?D. Take care.16. —You know, Bob is a little slow ______ understanding, so ... —So, I have to be patient ______ him. (2005 重庆)A. in; withB. on; withC. in; toD. at; for17. —If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock.—What a pity! Tina ______ here to see you. (2005 湖南)A. isB. wasC. would beD. has been18. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has ______ all over the country. (20 05 辽宁) A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses 19. ——Don't you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?——I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to. (2005 江苏)A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what20. ——I'd like to take a week's holiday. ——______, we're too busy. (2004 全国)A. Don't worryB. Don't mention itC. Forget itD. Pardon me21. ——Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? —Sorry, I am not s ure. But it ______ be. (2004湖北)A. mightB. willC. mustD. can22. ——What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game.——______. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. (2004 浙江)A. It just dependsB. It's up to youC. All rightD. Glad to hear that23. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ______ (20 03:北京春)A. make it outB. make it offC. make it upD. make it o ver24. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)A. wouldn't have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to f all25. We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it ______ very well. (2001 全国)A. worked outB. tried outC. went onD. carried on26. ——l just heard that the tickets for tonight's show have been sold out. ——O h, no! ______. (2000 京皖春)A. I was looking forward to thatB. It doesn't matterC. I knew it alreadyD. It's not at all interesting27. She ______ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. (1 997 全国) A. looked up B. looked for C. picked outD. picked up28. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ______, too cold fo r us to live. (1997 上海)A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly29. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ______ something she would regret later. (1996 上海)A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said30. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. (1995 全国)A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken31. ______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films often. (1995 上海)A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not32. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother. (1994全国)A. has come B. did come C. came D. had c omeKeys: 1-5 CCDCB 6. DBDCB 11. DDCDC 16. ABBBC 21. ABABA26. AAADC 31. CD。